Tesi sul tema "Technological paradigms"

The combination of an exemplar artefact and associated search heuristics constitute a 'technological paradigm'. Such technological paradigms can emerge as industries evolve, altering the nature of innovative search from exploration to incremental improvement along a 'technological trajectory'. Disagreements exist as to the cause of standardisation and the relationship between standardisation and the related shift in innovation emphasis. The number of elements within a technology tends to increase over time. The 'constructional selection' model encapsulating this process partially explains standardisation at the individual level. However, present models of technological paradigm formation that .. feature constructional selection do not consider (1 ) whether artefact structure will induce an alteration of innovation emphasis and (2) how a standard design emerges at the population level and how the interaction of multiple agents affects the constructional selection process. This report focuses on the second point. The new models presented here introduce a heterogeneous population of firms subject to selection. Firms, in the presence of continual innovation, aim to produce superior products to their competitors. The models indicate that a technological paradigm emerges across the population (1) when firms use a range of strategies, (2) when design details of competitors' designs are freely accessible, for all rates of entry and associated competition above a low level, and (3) under conditions of imperfect imitation, provided that competition is sufficiently strong relative to the level of mutation.

Drastic changes have taken place in UK electricity policy over recent years as government has sought to address the challenges associated with energy security, affordability and commitments to reduce carbon emissions. This study investigates the underlying policy changes between the year 2000 and 2012, particularly the Electricity Market Reform, as the most fundamental transformation in the British power market since liberalisation, almost three decades ago. It illustrates that although this policy had revised the long legacy of market-based and technology neutral electricity policymaking, it was yet to be claimed as a wholesale paradigmatic shift, because, as of 2012, it still suffered from a form of paradigm ambivalence and socio-technical lock-in. Furthermore, this research identifies an accumulative process of policy change explaining how a complex set of dynamics transformed the UK electricity policy mix. The thesis relies empirically on conducting 53 semi-structured interviews as well as scrutinising policy documents and relevant secondary studies. The thesis draws relevant approaches within policy studies that attend to address continuity and change in policy frameworks, in particular the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Sabatier 1999) and Policy Paradigm (Hall 1993) perspectives. The study contributes to this literature in three distinctive ways. First, it questions the adequacy of existing frameworks for conceptualising policy change in ‘large-technical’ and ‘techno-centric’ subsystems, such as electricity policy. In return, it introduces technology preference, as a policy component capturing the socio-technical elements of electricity policymaking. Second, to explain why and how such significant changes had been undergone, it forms a bridge between the characteristics of policy change and the extent that existing policies are perceived as irreconcilable policy failures. By this, it, albeit, moves beyond the conventional typology of change drivers in policy literature. Third, this research extends the emerging concept of negotiated agreement and policy compromise as a pathway to evolutionary changes (Sabatier & Weible 2007). Inspired by Institutional Change theory (Mahoney & Thelen 2010), it proposes that compromised policies are often at the risk of policy reversibility and retrenchment, subject to any shift in the contextual conditions they have originated in. Overall, the thesis provides an understanding of one of the very complex and contemporary cases for studying policy change theories.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>Technology is a critical component in modern society. Management of Technology (MOT) should be a major focus of management studies. At present the status of MOT is much less than it should be. Part of the reason is that there is little consensus about the body of knowledge for MOT. This can be traced down to as far as an inadequate consensus about the very nature of technology itself. There is a need for a simple and elegant conceptual foundation. There is a need for an accepted paradigm to govern MOT. The paradigm discourse initiated by Thomas Kuhn allows for a comprehensive frame of reference about theory contestation and about the attributes required from a contesting theory to achieve the ultimate status of a paradigm. In order to help create a coherent and streamlined conceptual foundation for MOT, this research evaluates the functionality grid as a paradigm. To realise this goal, this study first assesses the functionality grid’s compliance with the theoretical requirements of a paradigm, and secondly its compliance with the empirical requirements of a paradigm. The theoretical test uses a newly created format, the paradigm template, to establish the necessary criteria. The functionality grid is then subjected to a critical review using the said criteria. It is found that it meets the requirements of a valid paradigm. For measurement of empirical requirements, Kuhn’s own criteria are used. This second part of the study involves three practical exercises to examine the practical descriptive power of the functionality grid, and its ability to help first with the formation of a technology attuned mindset of participants, second with the improvement in technological knowledge and third with an increase in the technological literacy of participants. The outcomes of these tests are positive as well. The dissertation concludes that the functionality grid would be a viable paradigm to serve as a guide for the further development of MOT. The functionality grid becomes confirmed as a paradigm for MOT, because it contains all the attributes to serve as a coherent and streamlined conceptual structure for this discipline. Given this outcome, it is recommended that more effort be invested to understand, promote and popularise the functionality grid; and the various analytical frameworks derived from it. It is recommended that it becomes an explicit part of the book of knowledge for MOT and that it constitutes the basis for an educational curriculum to be shared by every MOT professional and student.

<p>Based on the concepts of <i>techno-economic paradigm, network</i> and <i>production chain</i>, the main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the diffusion of technological and managerial innovations in the Brazilian industry during the 1980s and the 1990s. It consists of a summary and six selected papers. Empirical studies were conducted at different moments of the re-structuring process and at different points of the production chain. The samples cover large leading firms as well as small second and third-tier suppliers in the automotive and footwear industries. They throw light on the process of diffusion and establishment of a new paradigm of industrial organization, mostly in conflict with the Taylorist/Fordist.</p><p>Ideas, methods and management techniques were largely adopted and imitated from the so-called "Japanese model", but the diffusion of the new paradigm in Brazil is also the result of adapting and modifying this model by trial and error. At the firm level, the adoption of these innovations entails a highly complex process of social change, reversing norms and models of behaviour hitherto dominant. They modify the daily practices at work, and the division of labour within and between companies, as well as between companies and other institutions, such as those within the educational system. These transformations are studied by distinguishing <i>competition, management</i>, and technological patterns.</p><p>The results show that, under the conditions of a an extremely large domestic market, the re-structuring of the Brazilian industry occurs in a context characterized by crisis, economic instability, recession and unemployment as well as by political re-democratization and growing influence of the labour movement. The diffusion of the new paradigm of efficiency together with the increasing globalization of the economy and the ongoing abandonment of import substitution, transformed the organization of work and <i>inter-firms relations</i>, changing the volume, structure, and location of employment as well as the content and hierarchy of skills.</p>

Global sustainability awareness and governmental regulations are pushing the automotive industry into finding alternatives to carbon dioxide emitting products. Solutions utilizing electricity in the vehicle powertrain is overtaking market share from internal combustion engines (ICE). This tendency has spread into the heavy-duty truck segment which poses questions regarding the future of the ICE. An alternative, electric motors, powered with batteries, fuel cells of even ICE’s, is thought to become a core part of future mobility. To mitigate discontinuities during a shift from ICE to electric motors, a study of possible factors affecting such transition has been performed. The result indicates 14 main factors which are thought to have a definite role in a major technology paradigm shift. These factors are: Supplier relations, Material management, Material availability, Available space, Scalability, Product flexibility, Risk management, External resource utilization, Internal relations, Demand estimation, Management endorsement, Appropriate methodology, Employee engagement, and Competence renewal. A structure using ISM methodology is established highlighting the factors’ influencing relation to each other. Anchored in the theory regarding paradigmatic shifts within industry, a tendency of technological, managerial, and institutional influence on organizational change can be discerned where the institutional level poses as the fundamental dimension of derived quality. The factors are identified from a Scania specific case but are broad enough to apply to similar situations facing challenges of a technological paradigm shift.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-03T17:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JANE GUIMARAES. 2014.pdf: 2167103 bytes, checksum: ccea81297dbf8718accabab7f85aef25 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-07T14:04:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JANE GUIMARAES. 2014.pdf: 2167103 bytes, checksum: ccea81297dbf8718accabab7f85aef25 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-07T14:04:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JANE GUIMARAES. 2014.pdf: 2167103 bytes, checksum: ccea81297dbf8718accabab7f85aef25 (MD5)<br>As inovações tecnológicas são introduzidas pelas empresas no mercado de produtos e serviços, e as estratégias para a geração dessas inovações concentram-se nas atividades de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento (P&D) e Marketing. Na saúde, a incorporação dessas inovações tem contribuído para o aumento nas demandas por serviços públicos, tecnologias e insumos no sistema de saúde. A partir da metodologia de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, busca-se, neste estudo, responder às seguintes indagações: Quais as direções tomadas pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico, ao longo dos últimos 13 anos, no que se refere aos medicamentos antidiabéticos genéricos utilizados para o controle do diabetes? A mídia impressa dirige ideologicamente o consumidor na produção de necessidade de consumo de produtos e serviços para a prevenção e controle do diabetes? Quais são os fatores que condicionam o acesso dos pacientes insulino-dependentes ao glicosímetro? O presente estudo tem o objetivo Analisar, entre 1998 e 2012, a partir do estudo de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas, como a mídia convence o consumidor na produção de necessidades de saúde e os condicionantes do acesso glicosímetro. Tem sido um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde no mundo cuidar da população com alta prevalência de diabetes. É preciso articular as políticas de saúde e de ciência e tecnologia (C&T) às políticas industrial e comercial pode reduzir a dependência tecnológica na área de saúde, e possibilitar a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de bens e serviços para atender às necessidades de saúde da população brasileira. Nessa direção, a comunicação pode ser utilizada como uma das estratégias de disseminação de modelo de atenção, baseado na promoção da saúde frente ao modelo hegemônico biomédico. É preciso garantir o acesso aos insumos imprescindíveis para o cuidado do diabetes e assegurar que os recursos públicos sejam utilizados a partir dos princípios de universalidade e integralidade do SUS.

La fabrication additive désigne un ensemble de technologies dont les caractéristiques uniques ouvrent des perspectives de conception et de production radicalement innovantes. Certains ont imaginé qu’elle permettrait un jour la fabrication décentralisée et en petites séries d’objets personnalisés aux formes complexes, grâce à des machines flexibles capables de tout fabriquer ou presque, ce qui déclencherait une nouvelle révolution industrielle. Néanmoins, pour l’heure, nous sommes encore dans la phase d’exploration de ce nouveau paradigme techno-industriel.Nous étudions ce sujet au travers de trois instanciations particulières de ces relations inter-firmes. Nous nous intéressons d’abord à des cas où la mise en œuvre des nouvelles technologies s’est déjà opérée. Nous observons alors la transformation des chaînes de valeur où se jouent de nouvelles relations clients-fournisseurs, avec de la désintermédiation. Nous étudions ensuite des alliances multipartenaires au travers desquelles les acteurs mènent une réflexion stratégique collective pour se préparer à la fabrication additive. Si les acteurs travaillent collectivement, ils pensent et développent aussi leur propre stratégie. Enfin, nous nous penchons sur des alliances dyadiques qui visent à combiner des compétences technologiques et des compétences métier afin de rapprocher la technologie et ses applications potentielles, et donc de permettre aux acteurs de mettre en œuvre la fabrication additive pour de nouveaux usages.A partir de ces trois plongées dans des instanciations typées des relations inter-firmes à différents stades d’exploration d’un nouveau paradigme, nous proposons un cadre intégrateur qui théorise le processus itératif et entremêlé par lequel les acteurs explorent et tirent parti du nouveau paradigme techno-industriel, façonnant ainsi les trajectoires technologiques<br>Additive manufacturing designates a set of technologies whose unique features open radically innovative design and production possibilities. Some early authors imagined that it would eventually allow decentralized and customized production of objects with complex shapes and in small quantities, thanks to flexible machines that could manufacture about everything. This could, in turn, triggers a new industrial revolution. However, at the present time, we are still in the exploration phase of this new techno-industrial paradigm.Inter-firm relationships appear to be crucial in the exploration of the additive manufacturing new techno-industrial paradigm. We study this exploration processes through the lenses of three specific types of inter-firm relationships.We first focus on value chain relationships. We look at a sector where the implementation of new offerings is already effective. The competitive battle to capture value is raging. Then, we study multipartner alliances where companies engage in a collective strategic exercise to prepare themselves for additive manufacturing. If players work collectively, they also think and develop their own strategy along the way. Finally, we look at dyadic alliances implemented to combine technological and industry capabilities to connect the technologies and potential needs that previously could not be properly served. These alliances allow players to implement additive manufacturing for a few specific applications.Based on these three sets of empirical observations on three different types of inter-firm relationships at three different stages of the exploration of the new paradigm, we present and discuss an integrative theoretical framework that models the exploration of a new techno-industrial paradigm as an iterative and intricate evolution process : the combined actions of the players involved in the exploration of the new paradigm in fact contribute to shape the technological trajectories as they aim at benefitting from the new opportunities offered

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Myrelle Duarte da C Magalhaes.pdf: 3067303 bytes, checksum: 87d1f99ce4c8f005ff7ed3355852317e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24<br>This present dissertation makes an analysis of the industrial pharmacist scenery from Goias state due to its capaciting aspects of success to the technological inovation. Throughout the validation of the obtained pressuposition from an extent international scientific literature, it was possible to identify and determine very important aspects to the regional and sectorial development in the inovation field, covering, mainly the concepts: technology transference, knowledge transference, company and university relation, startup's academic or governamental companies, the role of scientificaltechnological centers and measures of governamental incentive. Partner members to the three spheres (government, industry and academy), all with noticeable conceptual capacity and detached professional acting, have allowed interviews to the validation of the pressupositions casted. This report assumes that the legislation grants the essential subsidies to the inovation, the projects that will make this one develop easier are in process, but it is necessary to the company and university to work together and have as bigger aim not only their own benefit, but to generate the inovation, giving profits to the entire state of Goias.<br>A presente dissertação analisa o cenário industrial farmacêutico do Estado de Goiás frente a aspectos habilitadores de sucesso para a inovação tecnológica. Através da validação de pressupostos obtidos de uma vasta literatura científica internacional, foi possível identificar e determinar aspectos importantes ao desenvolvimento regional e setorial no campo da inovação, envolvendo, principalmente, os conceitos de: transferência de tecnologia, transferência de conhecimento, relação entre empresa e universidade, empresas startups acadêmicas ou de base tecnológica, o papel dos parques científico-tecnológicos e medidas de incentivo governamental. Membros pertencentes às três esferas (governo, indústria e academia), todos de notória capacidade conceitual e destacada atuação profissional, permitiram ser entrevistados para a validação dos pressupostos elencados. Diante disso, este trabalho conclui que a legislação garante os subsídios necessários à inovação, tendo em vista que os projetos, que facilitarão o desenvolvimento desta, encontram-se em andamento. No entanto, é necessário que empresa e universidade atuem em conjunto e tenham como maior interesse não apenas o benefício próprio, mas sim, gerar a inovação, beneficiando todo o Estado de Goiás.

Orientador: Ana Lucia Gonçalves da Silva<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T12:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chiarini_Tulio_D.pdf: 4158767 bytes, checksum: 484945f08aead7fd2cca4d258a90ab74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Nações relativamente atrasadas, de forma deliberada, buscaram, por além de seus territórios, instrumentos tecnológicos e conhecimentos capazes de acelerar seu crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, especialmente quando entenderam que a tecnologia é fonte de vantagens monopolísticas. Esforços empreendidos por Estados Nacionais nesse sentido foram realizados, como medidas que incentivavam o roubo, a coopção, o contrabando, a imitação, a compra de conhecimentos de ponta que pudessem ser adaptados, modificados, melhorados e internalizados. Neste contexto, nações relativamente mais atrasadas conseguiram ter saltos de produtividade ao usar tecnologias desenvolvidas por nações relativamente mais avançadas, entretanto, esse não foi um processo automático. Políticas de estímulo à construção de aptidões tecnológicas foram empreendidas decididamente para que a tecnologia importada propiciasse um processo de aprendizado doméstico. Possibilitou-se, assim, que a posição de destaque da líder Inglaterra fosse posta em jogo, a qual, a fim de manter sua posição relativa e suas vantagens, dificultou a transferência tecnológica. A partir de uma análise histórico-dedutiva, tendo como fio condutor os três principais paradigmas tecnológicos (Revolução Industrial Inglesa, Paradigma Fordista e Paradigma das TICs), apresenta-se o papel da transferência de tecnologia para o processo de emparelhamento tecnológico e diminuição do atraso relativo em diferentes revoluções tecnológicas. Ênfase será dada, sobretudo ao terceiro paradigma tecnológico, a qual serve como pano de fundo para o caso brasileiro a partir de uma análise exploratória de três canais de transferência de tecnologia: comércio de produtos de alto conteúdo tecnológico, influxo de investimento direto externo e pagamentos pelo uso da propriedade intelectual. A proposição desta tese é que, no atual paradigma tecnológico, a transferência internacional de tecnologia é relativamente mais fragilizada, seja pela mudança da natureza do conhecimento e da tecnologia, seja pelas transformações engendradas pelo próprio capitalismo contemporâneo. Ademais, especula-se sobre o processo de transferência de tecnologia para o Brasil, que no seu caso tem ajudado a aumentar a dependência tecnológica. Há indícios de que o país não consegue consolidar um processo de industrialização que resulte em exportações de alto conteúdo tecnológico e que a abertura empreendida pelo país nos anos 1990, a qual registra desde então crescentes entradas de investimento direto externo, não propiciou um aprendizado tecnológico dinâmico, mas ampliou a dependência brasileira por tecnologias externas, o que é visto, dentre outros, pelo volume crescente de pagamento pelo uso de propriedade intelectual<br>Abstract: Relatively backward nations deliberately sought technology available in other relatively more advanced nations in order to accelerate their growth and economic development, especially when they realized that technology was a source of monopolistic advantages. Efforts of National States in this direction were performed, as measures that encouraged theft, smuggling, imitation, cutting-edge knowledge purchases that could be adapted, modified, improved and internalized. In this context, relatively more backward nations have achieved leaps in productivity when using technology developed by relatively more advanced nations, however, this was not an automatic process. Stimuli to the construction of technological capabilities were decidedly undertaken and a process of domestic learning was stimulated. In order to maintain the relative position and the benefits, relatively more advanced nations created barriers to impeach technology transfer. From a historical-deductive analysis, taking as a guideline the three main technological paradigms (English Industrial Revolution, Fordist and ICT Paradigms), we present the role of technology transfer in a technological catching up process in different technological revolutions. We give emphasis particularly on the third technological paradigm, which serves as a background for the Brazilian case from an exploratory analysis of three channels of technology transfer: trade of high technological content products, inflows of foreign direct investment and payments for the use of intellectual property. The proposition we make here is that, in the current technological paradigm, the international transfer of technology is relatively weakened, either by changing the nature of technology, and by the contemporary transformations engendered by capitalism itself. Furthermore, we speculate on the process of technology transfer to Brazil, which in her case has helped to increase technological dependence. There are indications that the country could not build an industrialization process that could result in exports of high technological content products and the economic opening undertaken by the country in the 1990s did not provide a dynamic technological learning process but expanded Brazil¿s dependence on foreign technologies, what is confirmed, among others, by the increasing volume of payment for the use of intellectual property rights<br>Doutorado<br>Teoria Economica<br>Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira<br>This dissertation provides an overview of the literature on technological change in relation to economic growth with the aim of bringing different strings of the literature together: on one hand it reviews the theory on the standard classic, structural, Keynesian, neoclassical growth models and, on the other hand, modem endogenous growth theories (that incorporate leaming by doing, technology, educadon and monopolisdc elements) and the evoludonary perspecdve. Once the world economy is undergoing a fundamental structural change driven by both globalizadon and the disseminadon of information and communicadons technologies, this essay also analyses the emergence of a new economic paradigm derived from that impact, emphasizing the importance of informadon and knowledge on economic growth. This study also aims to show, either through modeling or empirical findings, that the developments intertwined with informadon and communication technologies, not only influence supply-side changes, but also alter the characteristics of consumption and demand side.<br>Esta dissertação fornece uma panorâmica global da literatura que relaciona a mudança tecnológica com o crescimento económico, com o objecdvo de reunir e congregar a visão de diferentes correntes; por um lado, faz uma revisão das teorias clássicas, estruturais, Keynesianas, modelos de crescimento neoclássico e, por outro lado, aborda as modernas teorias do crescimento (que incorporam o leaming bj doing, a tecnologia, a educação e elementos monopolísticos) e a perspectiva evolucionista. Uma vez que a economia mundial está actualmente a passar por fase de mudanças estruturais fundamentais, conduzidas pela globalização e pela disseminação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, este documento também analisa a emergência de um novo paradigma económico derivado daquele impacto, dando ênfase à importância da informação e do conhecimento no crescimento económico. Este estudo também pretende demonstrar, quer através de modelos quer através de evidências empíricas, que os desenvolvimentos relacionados com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação influenciam, não apenas as mudanças no lado da oferta, mas alteram igualmente as características do consumo e do lado da procura.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Thesis (MTech (Marketing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.<br>The rapid growth of social media has resulted in digital information and communications technology (ICT) channels for individuals to connect with each other and the rest of their world. Consequently, social network sites (SNS) and other mobile applications have become an integral part of life, as well as a daily destination for billions of individuals, offering them novel and an instant means of communication in this interactive ICT space. Internet, social media and smartphone usage are also expanding prolifically in developing countries such as South Africa (SA). This incremental expansion of social media usage is directly related to the progression of Internet usage across the globe, primarily as a result of the irrevocable dissemination of smartphones. The use of social media has become the most common activity among modern adolescents and young adults (referred to as Generation Y or Millennials). SNS such as Facebook, Mxit, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+ and numerous others have grown exponentially in recent years, enabling Generation Y with a portal for entertainment and communication. The increase of social media adoption has captured the attention of marketers and consumers alike on a global scale, and with the quickly changing communication environments, marketers now confront new challenges in terms of understanding consumer behaviour, attitudinal responses and consumption patterns in the new millennium. Social media brings with it powerful opportunities for brands to engage with young consumers; create real time conversations; and provide immediate feedback via interactive marketing communications at a fraction of the cost compared to traditional media advertising. Internet and social media usage, as well as access, grown has prolifically in SA, while minimal research has been conducted regarding attitudes towards social network advertising (SNA). Millennials are sophisticated and technology savvy, therefore, social media is important to them to maintain contact with their friends, and to continually interact in the digital environment. Hence, it is important for organisations to strategically market their brands in a way that would appeal to this market, which is notoriously difficult to reach. Furthermore, Generation Y consumers have huge buying power and also exert a major influence on their household purchase behaviour, so their social media usage and attitudes towards various ICT platforms media are important to marketers. A complete knowledge base of this generation will enable brands to increase their marketing communication effectiveness when targeting this cohort. Yet, many organisations have used SNA without truly discerning the real attitudinal effect that it has on their young consumers

Cette thèse est une étude comparative de trois méga-projets militaires menés aux Etats-Unis, en France et en Suède, dans le domaine du network centric warfare ou guerre réseaucentrique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’observer les similitudes et différences dans le développement et la gestion de ces projets, de comprendre les raisons de certains choix stratégiques puis d’évaluer l’ampleur de leur réussite ou échec. Ces programmes étaient particulièrement ambitieux puisqu’une grande partie de la technologie répondant à ces besoins n’existait pas encore et certains impératifs techniques étaient proprement incompatibles.L’étude de cas et la comparaison des méga projets sont présentées sous une forme narrative.Le résultat en est la description des trois méga projets militaires reproduisant les dynamiques internes et externes à l’œuvre pour deux des trois projets. Le projet français a été décrit jusqu’à l’étape de développement actuel, le déploiement du projet étant prévu jusqu’au milieu des années 2030. Cette comparaison des méga projets militaires a montré que le type de management appliqué à ces vastes programmes n’est pas différent de ceux mis en œuvre dans le cadre de projets de moindre envergure. Cela dit, les méga-projets restent extrêmement complexes et ce type de développement doit tenir compte de différents obstacles, déjà connus ou non durant les différentes phases de déploiement, lesquels se trouvant être dans certains cas impossibles à contrôler et gérés, conduisant alors à l’échec du projet<br>This thesis project consists of a comparative work on three different military megaprojects regarding Network Centric Warfare, in three different countries: the United States, France and Sweden. The aim of the comparison is to find similarities and differences with respect to why, and if, the projects failed, or are failing, and if they failed - to what extent. The objectives of the military megaprojects were ambitious and a great deal of the involved technology was not yet developed at the time and the technical requirements were incongruous. For the comparative study a narrative case study methodology has been employed, structuring and analysing the different military megaprojects.The result is three different descriptions of the military megaprojects reproducing the internal and external dynamics of two of the three projects. One project, the French one, has been reproduced up to its present stage because it is planned to continue to the 2030s. The result of the comparison between the military megaprojects has shown that such vast projects can be managed like normal vast development projects. On the other hand, these kinds of vast projects are comprehensively complex. Such projects do also involve ideas leading to project developments of already known and unknown obstacles before and during the mega project not possible to manage and results in project and development failure

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T14:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_2620_.pdf: 1210633 bytes, checksum: d51273aea6c212ca520ab101c507cd95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-26<br>The research was conducted because of the importance of business software in the information society and this dichotomy between free software and proprietary software standards. The analyzed situations are related to companies that migrated their technology park from proprietary software to free software, and vice versa. It was identified financial, technological and institutional issues in these processes. We used the categories of evaluation of some theories of adoption of technology, applied in three situations of research: the first one was exploratory, seeking to understand the subject; the second the second was exploratory in depth, made with two organizations in order to refine the issues identified; and the third was of quantitative nature, using a questionnaire sent to 1,740 people in the area of related to IT, returning a sample of 38 companies. The final considerations show that the feature of being free or proprietary software influences the decision to migrate. Although it is not because of the availability of source code - the factor that differentiates most of the other standard - but because of issues of reliability and usability found in each of these standards. They also suggest several hypotheses to be tested in future research.<br>O trabalho foi realizado devido à importância do setor de software na sociedade da informação e à dicotomia presente entre os padrões software livre e software proprietário. Foram analisadas situações de migração no parque tecnológico de empresas que usavam software proprietário e optaram pelo software livre, e vice-versa, e identificadas questões financeiras, tecnológicas e institucionais presentes neste processo. Utilizou-se das categorias de algumas teorias de avaliação de adoção de tecnologia, aplicadas em três situações de pesquisa: a primeira foi exploratória, visando o entendimento do tema; a segunda foi exploratória em profundidade, realizada com duas organizações a fim de refinar as questões identificadas; e a terceira foi de caráter quantitativo, por meio de um questionário enviado a 1.740 pessoas da área de TI, retornando uma amostra de 38 empresas. As análises mostram que o fato de ser livre ou proprietário exerce influência na decisão de migração não pela disponibilidade ou não do código fonte – fator que mais diferencia um padrão do outro – mas sim por aspectos de confiabilidade e de usabilidade reconhecidos em cada um destes padrões. As considerações finais apontam diversas hipóteses a serem testadas em pesquisas futuras.

Cette recherche propose d'étudier l'émergence d‘une industrie suite à une innovation de rupture. Afin de participer aux débats actuels autour de sa mesure, nous avons adopté une approche dynamique en retenant trois niveaux d‘analyse, c‘est-à-dire niveau macro, puis réseau et enfin, niveau organisationnel. A partir d‘une analyse de réseaux de l‘industrie du véhicule autonome de 2011 à 2019, nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des réseaux de relations interorganisationnelles autour d‘activités technologiques clefs permettant la réalisation de véhicules autonomes, comme mesure de l‘émergence et de la structuration d‘une industrie. L‘intensité de ces relations permettent également de distinguer ces deux phases souvent confondues, d‘émergence et de structuration d‘une industrie et de proposer une analyse dynamique et non a posteriori de l‘émergence<br>The present doctoral thesis aims to examine industry emergence caused by disruptive innovation. We adopted a dynamic approach to industry emergence to nourish debates around its assessment through a three-level funnel approach adopted: macro, network, and organizational levels. Based on a social network analysis of the Autonomous vehicles industry from 2011 to 2019, our findings allow us to assess the ex-ante emergence of an industry. The present thesis notably suggests an interesting way to measure industry emergence through interorganizational relationship networks building around Key Technological Activities required for the Autonomous vehicles industry to become a reality and to distinguish the emergence from the structuration of an industry

A presente tese trata da inserção da economia do Rio Grande do Sul no atual paradigma tecnoeconômico, sob uma perspectiva neoschumpeteriana/evolucionária. A hipótese assumida é que diante de um esforço tecnológico limitado na criação de vantagens competitiva dinâmicas no Brasil, com políticas de C,T&I pouco articuladas, emerge a maior necessidade de esforços estaduais no que tange a capacitação tecnológica das empresas do RS, mas que, no entanto, a indústria do Estado não tem apresentado esforços inovativos suficientes para compensar esse fraco dinamismo nacional, além de uma incipiente política estadual de inovação. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa assume, como de suma relevância, uma visão amparada nos sistemas de inovação e uma política estadual de C,T&I ativa, fortalecendo o processo inovativo. Usando como pano de fundo a economia brasileira e seu desempenho recente diante do paradigma das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) - com a maior importância dos processos de aprendizado, de produção de conhecimento, cooperação e de inovação -, o Rio Grande do Sul, por sua vez, apesar de ser um Estado que se destaca no cenário nacional, não vem logrando um desempenho satisfatório na produção de produtos de alta tecnologia, ligados ao atual paradigma tecnoeconômico. Os dados da PINTEC para o Rio Grande do Sul demonstram os insuficientes esforços inovativos, com pouca importância e reduzidos dispêndios em atividades internas de P&D, utilizando-se de poucos mecanismos de aprendizado e com insuficientes relações de cooperação. Além disso, corrobora substancialmente com a tese, os reduzidos gastos do governo estadual em C&T, pois enquanto outros Estados da Região Sul tem apresentado um aumento nos gastos em C&T, ao longo dos anos 2000, o RS está indo na direção contrária, abdicando de esforços que poderiam contribuir significativamente para o aumento da participação da indústria gaúcha em setores de alta tecnologia, denotando uma inserção deficiente no atual paradigma tecnoeconômico das TICs. Conclui-se que esse conjunto de fatores indica a manutenção de uma estrutura de produção vigente, não amparada numa visão sistêmica do processo inovativo e na construção de um sistema estadual de inovação, com uma política de C,T&I insuficiente no RS, diante dos requisitos impostos pelo atual paradigma das TICs.<br>This thesis aims to situate the economy of Rio Grande do Sul state in the current techno-economical paradigm, a neo-Schumpeterian/evolutionary approach. The assumption made is in front of limited technological efforts in the creation of dynamics competitive advantages in Brazil, with C, I & T policies not articulated, the states must have greater efforts regarding the technological abilities of their companies, but the companies of Rio Grande do Sul have not given sufficient innovative efforts to compensate this weak national dynamics as well as its incipient state innovation policy. In this sense, this research assumes great relevance in a vision anchored in an innovation system and T&I state policies active, able to strengthen the innovative process. Using the Brazilian economy and its recent performance on the paradigm of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a backdrop – with greater importance to the learning process of knowledge production, cooperation and innovation – the Rio Grande do Sul state, despite of being a state that standouts on the national scene, is not achieving a satisfactory performance in the production of high technology products linked to the current techno-economical paradigm. The PINTEC data for Rio Grande do Sul demonstrate inadequate innovative efforts, with little importance and reduced spending on internal R & D, using a few learning mechanisms and insufficient cooperation relations. Moreover, these data corroborates substantially with the thesis, the reduced spending of state government in S & T, because while other states in the Southern Region has shown an increase in spending on S & T over the year 2000, the RS is going in the opposite direction, abdicating efforts that could contribute significantly to the increased participation of industry of the state in high-tech sectors, indicating a poor inclusion in the current economical paradigm of ICT. It concludes that this combination of factors indicates the maintenance of a structure of current production, not supported in a systemic view of the innovative process and in building a statewide system of innovation with a policy, I & T Insufficient RS, before the requirements imposed by the current paradigm of ICT.

Submitted by Gabriel Segalis (gabisegalis@hotmail.com) on 2012-05-18T16:20:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 012005011 Pretextual definitivo A.pdf: 76824 bytes, checksum: 1e41b140606a3d5a9651f1f8c1be26c1 (MD5) 012005012 Definitiva.pdf: 1124168 bytes, checksum: 524d55075e6250a88b96422d9fb4d3a6 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2012-05-18T18:09:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 012005011 Pretextual definitivo A.pdf: 76824 bytes, checksum: 1e41b140606a3d5a9651f1f8c1be26c1 (MD5) 012005012 Definitiva.pdf: 1124168 bytes, checksum: 524d55075e6250a88b96422d9fb4d3a6 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-21T21:07:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 012005011 Pretextual definitivo A.pdf: 76824 bytes, checksum: 1e41b140606a3d5a9651f1f8c1be26c1 (MD5) 012005012 Definitiva.pdf: 1124168 bytes, checksum: 524d55075e6250a88b96422d9fb4d3a6 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-21T21:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 012005011 Pretextual definitivo A.pdf: 76824 bytes, checksum: 1e41b140606a3d5a9651f1f8c1be26c1 (MD5) 012005012 Definitiva.pdf: 1124168 bytes, checksum: 524d55075e6250a88b96422d9fb4d3a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27<br>This essay aims to verify how the activities developed by Pipeway Engenharia Limitada2 - a service supplier on the oil, gas and energy sector/industry – match the theoretical concepts of the New International Venture Paradigm – NIV (RENNIE,1993; MCDOUGALL et. Al.,1994), during its process of internationalization. The approach assumes significative relevance to the author, since the comprehension of the internationalization process on the Company, which is considered a small business, allows their professional activities to be developed with better comprehension of needs, demands and solutions required for the /small businesses’/company’s internationalization. In order to achieve that purpose, the author has made use of a Single Case Study. This choice may be defined by two reasons: Firstly, it is worth pointing out that , in Brazil, there is not a significant quantity of companies which have similar characteristics with the studied company; Secondly, this method is usually applied when it comes to solving questions such as 'how' and 'why', that is, when the aim is to comprehend individual phenomena. Moreover, it has been necessary to develop a brief study - based on documental and bibliographic analysis – not only to understand the supplier industry evolution on the international market, but also to determine the development and importance of this case as a business development affluence, innovation and support factor.Considering that the analyzed company’s main field is the oil and gas sector, a study based on a national and international scope has been made in order to comprehend this economic sector. Also, apart from other international segments, companies which develop their activities in this area usually face opened and globalized markets, and these characteristics impact significantly on Pipeway. The junction of the first and second analysis has allowed the evaluation of not only the competitive degree, but also other refferences that a company has to follow so as to be considered a New International Venture. Later on – based on case study methodological precepts, data obtained by research and information from interviews with the company´s senior management- a historiographical report of the company´s internationalization process has been elaborated. This work has emphasized events and facts which allow us to prove the adherence or not to the NIV paradigm´s assumptions. Hence, the author has investigated the company´s international evolution according to analysis criteria, which are directly related to NIV paradigm.Actually, this study allowed the statement bound to the conclusion in an empirical manner that Pipeway´s internationalization process responds to NIV´s paradigm in a complete way. One example that may be pointed out is the beginning of internationalization and proven relation between trade income and total revenue. Additionally, some suggestion have been presented for the sake of future research development, enhancement of government programs which support the internationalization process of Small Businesses , as well the author´s professional performance.<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar a aderência de atividades desenvolvidas por uma empresa prestadora de serviços de base tecnológica, atuante na área de petróleo, gás e energia, a Pipeway Engenharia Limitada , aos conceitos teóricos do Paradigma Novas Empresas Internacionais - NEI (RENNIE,1993; MCDOUGALL et. Al., 1994) durante seu processo de internacionalização. Trata-se de um estudo que assume, para o autor, uma relevância significativa, já que a compreensão do processo de internacionalização da empresa analisada, considerada de porte pequeno, permitirá que suas atividades profissionais venham a ser desenvolvidas com melhor compreensão das necessidades, exigências e soluções que esse tipo de empresa requer para a sua internacionalização. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, a metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso único em função, assim definido, por um lado, pelo fato de não existir no Brasil uma quantidade importante de empresas com características semelhantes à estudada e, por outro, por ser um método que se aplica, quando se deseja ter respostas a questões, tais como: 'como' e 'por que', permitindo a compreensão de fenômenos individuais. Para compreender melhor a evolução do setor de serviços nos mercados internacionais foi necessário fazer um estudo sucinto, baseado em análises documental e bibliográfica, para determinar a evolução e importância do mesmo como fator gerador de riqueza, inovação e sustentação do desenvolvimento empresarial. Considerando que a empresa analisada foca seu trabalho no segmento de petróleo e gás, para melhor compreensão desse segmento econômico, foi realizada análise tanto de âmbito nacional como internacional, de sua atual conformação e situação, pois, diferentemente de outros segmentos internacionais, as empresas que neles desenvolvem suas atividades se deparam com mercados mais abertos e globalizados e essas características têm impacto significativo na empresa analisada. A junção da primeira com a segunda análise permitiu avaliar o grau de competitividade e demais parâmetros a que a empresa estudada teve que atender para ser considerada ou não um Novo Empreendimento Internacional. Posteriormente, com os preceitos metodológicos de estudo de caso, acrescidos dos dados obtidos na pesquisa documental e entrevistas com a alta gerência da empresa, foi efetuado um relato historiográfico da evolução do processo de internacionalização da empresa, destacando os eventos e fatos que possibilitaram verificar a aderência, ou não, aos pressupostos do paradigma NEI. Por fim, foi investigada a evolução internacional da empresa à luz dos critérios de análise, diretamente relacionados com princípios do Paradigma NEI, o que permitiu no capitulo seguinte, vinculado às conclusões em forma empírica, que o processo de internacionalização da Pipeway responde na sua totalidade às características do Paradigma NEI. Um exemplo é a data de início da internacionalização e relação entre as receitas de exportação e faturamento total. Também são apresentadas sugestões para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras, aprimoramento dos programas governamentais de apoio ao processo de internacionalização de Pequenas Empresas e desempenho profissional do autor da dissertação.

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar o processo de industrialização da economia brasileira, entre 1930 e 1980, sob uma ótica evolucionária. Ademais, se buscará analisar o catching-up que possibilitou a inserção da economia brasileira no quarto paradigma tecno-econômico, entre 1956-1980. E o subsequente falling-behind dessa economia, que entravou a sua entrada no paradigma tecno-econômico da tecnologia da informação. Como objetivos específicos emerge, em primeiro lugar, a necessidade de se descrever os aspectos tecnológicos, econômicos e institucionais desses dois paradigmas. Em segundo lugar se demonstrará de que maneira o Processo de Substituição de Importações foi fundamental para a inserção da economia brasileira no paradigma da produção em massa. E em terceiro lugar, se demonstrará que o legado institucional dessa mesma estratégia de desenvolvimento veio a ser um obstáculo à inserção da economia brasileira no quinto paradigma tecno-econômico. Destarte, a hipótese assumida é de que a dificuldade enfrentada pelo Brasil para assimilar os fatores-chave derivados da quinta revolução tecnológica advém da precária estrutura institucional construída ao longo da industrialização via substituição de importações. A passividade tecnológica e fragilidade institucional desse modelo de desenvolvimento, que não estabeleceu um nexo micro-macro, foi um obstáculo à endogenização do processo inovativo e impediu que a indústria brasileira ficasse em sintonia com a tecnologia dominante.<br>The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the process of industrialization of the Brazilian economy, between 1930 and 1980 under an evolutionary perspective. Moreover, it will try to analyze the catching-up which allowed the insertion of the Brazilian economy in the fourth techno-economic paradigm, from 1956 to 1980. Besides that it will investigate the subsequent falling-behind of this economy, which impeded their entry into the techno-economic paradigm of information technology. The specific objectives emerge, first, the need to describe the technological, economic and institutional features those two paradigms. Secondly it will demonstrate how the Import Substitutive Process was essential for the insertion of the Brazilian economy in the paradigm of mass production. And thirdly, it will demonstrate that the institutional legacy of that development strategy came to be an obstacle to the insertion of the Brazilian economy in the fifth techno-economic paradigm. Thus, the assumption made is that the difficulty faced by Brazil to assimilate the key factors derived from the fifth technological revolution comes from poor institutional structure built along the industrialization through import substitution. Technological passivity and institutional weakness of this model of development, which has not established a micro-macro link, was an obstacle to endogenization of the innovative process and prevented the Brazilian industry to stay in tune with the dominant technology.

Sur la base d’une étude historique des rapports entre les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le processus de transformation économique, politique et idéologique d’un pays périphérique comme l’Équateur, cette recherche présente une analyse critique sur le processus de développement du champ technoscientifique de ce pays et le projet de modernisation postnéolibéral mis en place par son gouvernement entre 2007-2017. L’exposition est organisée en deux parties. La première analyse les rapports entre les transformations techno-économiques mondiales et les cycles économiques et politiques locaux ; les rapports entre ces cycles, les vagues de modernisation du système d’éducation supérieure équatorien et la reproduction des élites locales ; et enfin, les rapports entre ces deux derniers et le processus de développement scientifique, technologique et industriel du pays. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude en détail du dernier de ces cycles, caractérisé par la mise en place du projet postnéolibéral de modernisation technoscientifique. Cette étude se focalise particulièrement sur trois projets : la réforme de l’éducation supérieure, le programme de bourses d’étude à l’étranger et le projet de construction de Yachay, une ville dédiée à la science, à la technologie et à l’innovation. Les résultats de ces analyses dévoilent le caractère idéologique de ces projets, conçus et dirigés par un même réseau d’intellectuels et financés par l’essor des exportations de matières premières qui a accompagné cette phase ascendante du cycle périphérique. Enfermés dans leur quête idéologique d’un modèle de développement alternatif et les contraintes imposées par les processus de transformation du système mondial, ces acteurs ont fini par produire un projet de modernisation contradictoire basé sur une abstraction empirique adaptée à leurs besoins de légitimation politique. La fin de l’essor économique a dévoilé les limites de ce projet idéologique dont les résultats concrets sont une plus lourde bureaucratie, le gaspillage des ressources publiques et l’accumulation de pouvoir. Nous suggérons que ce résultat est un effet du décalage entre les cycles de transformation à la périphérie et au centre du système mondial et du processus de reconfiguration global liée à la montée de l’influence chinoise et au déploiement de la dernière vague de transformations techno-économiques. Cette recherchée s’inscrit ainsi dans la lignée de réflexion sur les transformations du système mondial<br>Based on a historical study of the relationship between the techno-economic cycles of the global system and the economic, political and ideological transformations in Ecuador, this research presents a critical analysis of the development process of the technoscientific field in this country and the post-neoliberal modernization project implemented by its government between 2007-2017. The thesis has two parts. The first one develops an analysis on three levels: the relationships between the global techno-economic cycles and the political and economic transformations in Ecuador; the relationships between these transformations, the waves of modernization of the Ecuadorian higher education system and the reproduction of local elites; and the relationship between the latter and the scientific, technological and industrial development of the country. The second part presents a detailed study of the last cycle, characterized by the implementation of the post-neoliberal project of technoscientific modernization. This study focuses, particularly, on three projects: the higher education reform, the scholarship program for studies abroad and the Yachay technopole project. These analysis results reveal the ideological character of these projects, designed and directed by the same network of intellectuals and financed by the rise of commodity exports which accompanied this upward phase of the peripheral cycle. Trapped in their ideological quest for an alternative development model and the constraints imposed by the transformation processes of the global system, these actors have finally produced a contradictory modernization project based on an empirical abstraction adapted to their needs for political legitimization. The end of the economic upswing has unveiled the limits of this ideological project whose concrete results are a heavier bureaucracy, waste of public resources and the accumulation of power. We suggest that this result is an effect of the three interrelated processes: the gap between the transformation cycles at the periphery and at the center of the global system, the global reconfiguration linked to the rise of Chinese influence and the deployment of the latest techno-economic wave of innovation. This research aims thus to contribute to the debate on the historical transformations of the global system

A firma é um agente econômico complexo. Este agente tem sido estudado através de diferentes teorias da firma. Enquanto alguns trabalhos destacaram a sua natureza tecnológica, outros enfatizaram a sua natureza transacional. Contudo, a natureza da firma abrange ambas as dimensões. Essas duas dimensões podem ser estudadas por meio de duas capacidades essenciais: a tecnológica e a transacional. O objetivo da presente tese é o de descrever como a combinação entre a capacidade tecnológica e a capacidade transacional geram os ativos específicos para que a firma alcance um desempenho superior ao de suas concorrentes. Para cumprir com esse objetivo, foi elaborado um modelo baseado em quatro pressupostos teóricos: as capacidades são heterogêneas; há uma trajetória transacional além da trajetória tecnológica; as capacidades não são transacionáveis e as capacidades antecedem os ativos específicos. O modelo também é composto por quatro construtos: capacidade tecnológica; capacidade transacional; ativos específicos; e desempenho. O método para testar esse modelo foi descritivo, utilizando-se como técnica para coleta de dados a survey. O objeto de estudo escolhido foi o do setor metal-mecânico do Rio Grande do Sul. Três dos resultados obtidos são os seguintes: (1) a relação entre as capacidades essenciais (tecnológica e transacional) e os ativos específicos é positiva e elevada, o que indica a grande ligação entre esses dois construtos; (2) a relação entre os ativos específicos e o desempenho da firma é maior do que a relação entre as capacidades essenciais e os ativos específicos; (3) a relação da combinação das capacidades essenciais e dos ativos específicos com o desempenho da firma é maior do que a relação entre o desempenho da firma e algum destes construtos, quando estas relações são analisadas de maneira isolada. As implicações teóricas desses resultados confirmam que a firma tem uma natureza tecnológico-transacional. Além disso, os estudos a respeito do desempenho da firma não mais deveriam dedicar-se somente a analisar suas capacidades; antes, deveriam abranger os ativos específicos, como elemento complementar. Finalmente, o fato de confirmar a existência de uma capacidade transacional como elemento-chave da natureza da firma abre uma nova possibilidade para se avançar rumo ao que, nesta tese, se denomina: Paradigma transacional.<br>A firm is a complex economic agent. This agent has been studied through different theories of the firm. While, some works underlined its technological nature, other works emphasized its transactional nature. However, the nature of the firm covers both dimensions. These two dimensions could be studied through two essential capabilities: the technological one and the transactional one. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the relation between the technological capability and the transactional capability, aiming to generate the assets specificity in order to reach firm’s superior performance compared to its competitors. For accomplishing that objective, it was elaborated a theoretical model based in four theoretical assumptions: capabilities heterogeneity, the existence of a transactional trajectory, besides the technological trajectory; the capabilities are not negotiable; and the capabilities are antecedents to the assets specificity. The model is also composed for four construction blocks: the technological capability, the transactional capability; the specific assets; and the performance. The method employed to test this model was descriptive, utilizing for its operability a survey. The chosen study objet was the Brazilian metal-mechanical sector. Three of the obtained results are the following ones: (1) A relation between the essential capabilities (technological and transactional) and the assets specificity is positive and high, indicating a big link between this two constructs; (2) The relation between the assets specificity and the firm performance is minor than the relation between the capabilities and the assets specificity; (3) a combinational relation of the essential capabilities and the assets specificity with the firm performance is bigger than the relation between the firm performance and some of these construction blocks, when these relations are analyzed in an isolated way. The theoretical implications of those results confirm that the firm has a technological-transactional nature. Furthermore, the studies related to the firm performance should not be devoted anymore just to analyze its capabilities; although, they should cover the assets specificity, as a complementary element. Finally, the fact of confirming the existence of a translational capability as a key element of the nature of the firm opens a new possibility for moving towards of what in this thesis is named as: Transactional paradigm.

Esta dissertação trata da relação entre as transformações contemporâneas que envolvem o conhecimento científico e tecnológico diante da disseminação das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (NTICs) e as potencialidades de desenvolvimento de dinâmicas de saber não restritas aos pressupostos do paradigma da ciência moderna. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste na investigação dos limites e possibilidades para a emergência de distintas dinâmicas do conhecimento científico e tecnológico associadas aos novos ambientes virtuais surgidos no período da web 2.0. Especificamente são investigadas as potencialidades desses ambientes para a promoção de dinâmicas favoráveis à constituição de ecologia de saberes por seus integrantes. Para isso, busca-se identificar e analisar o conjunto de valores, interesses, representações e práticas que envolvem a organização formal e os processos de participação de um ambiente em especial da internet: a Wikipédia lusófona. Assume-se a ideia de que o site, constituído sob influência dos valores e práticas que deram forma à internet, é capaz de favorecer o desenvolvimento de dinâmicas de colaboração compatíveis com os pressupostos da ecologia de saberes propostos por Santos (2011a). Esta investigação foi realizada a partir da análise da estrutura “formal” wikipedista e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas envolvendo a participação de 24 usuários colaboradores em artigos de temática científica e tecnológica do “conteúdo destacado” da Wikipédia lusófona. Conclui-se, de um lado, que o site tende a reproduzir a hierarquia das disciplinas de C&T e a distribuição das áreas de interesse dos usuários de acordo com os espaços por eles ocupados na sociedade, bem como a manifestar valores, representações e práticas fortemente associados ao paradigma da ciência e da tecnologia modernas. De outro lado, entretanto, mostra-se se favorável não só à diversificação do perfil dos agentes voltados à produção, difusão e aquisição de conteúdos científicos e tecnológicos em comparação aos espaços convencionais do conhecimento de C&T, mas também à abertura de diferentes possibilidades de participação e de apropriação dos produtos coletivos do site. Da mesma forma, a Wikipédia lusófona revela-se capaz de incitar entre seus colaboradores o desenvolvimento da capacidade de argumentação, de convivência com diferentes pontos de vista e o interesse pelo trabalho voluntário, de modo a favorecer a emergência de representações imprescindíveis à superação do paradigma da ciência moderna e à constituição de ecologia de saberes: a solidariedade, a participação, o princípio do prazer, a autoria e a artefatualidade discursiva.<br>This thesis is about the relation between the contemporary transformations concerning scientific and technological knowledge because of the spread of new information and communication technologies (NICT) and the potentials of development of new knowledge’s dynamic not restricted to the assumptions of the modern science paradigm. The goal of this study is to investigate the limits and possibilities for the emergence of distinct dynamics of scientific and technological knowledge under the influence of the web 2.0 virtual interfaces. Specifically, the thesis investigates the potentials of those interfaces to promote, among their users, propitious dynamics toward the establishment of the ecology of knowledges. This research identifies and analyzes a set of values, interests, representations and practices concerning the formal organization and the participation’s processes of a particular web’s virtual interface: Lusophone Wikipedia. Assuming the hypothesis that this site, which has been founded under the influence of the same values and practices adopted in the internet creation, is able to promote the development of compatibles collaborative dynamics with the assumptions of an ecology of knowledges, as proposed by Santos (2011a). This investigation has been made from the analysis of "formal" Wikipedian’s structure and from semi-structured interviews with 24 collaborators users of the "highlighted subjects” on scientific and technological issues of the Lusophone Wikipedia. The thesis’ conclusions are: on one hand, that the Wikipedian’s interface tends to reproduce the disciplines’ hierarchy of the S&T knowledge and the distribution of users’ areas of interest according to the social places occupied by them, as well as express values, representations and practices associated with modern science paradigm. On the other hand, this study observes that Lusophone Wikipedia is propitious, not only to diversify the profile of the collaborators involved in the production, dissemination and achievement of scientific and technological subjects compared to the conventional spaces of the S&T knowledge, but also opening various possibilities for participation in the site, included ownership of collective products. In this way, this virtual interface can be able to foment among their collaborators the capacity of argumentation, coexistence with different points of view and the interest in voluntary work in order to foster the emergence of the essential representations to overcoming the modern science paradigm and the establishment of an ecology of knowledges: solidarity, participation, the principle of pleasure, authorship and discursive artifactuality.

The research outlined in this thesis focuses on the effects of implementation and use of mobile payments as experienced by older adults aged 55-75, as qualitatively examined through research interviewees (hereafter participants of this study) made up of individuals with varying cultural and technological backgrounds, who are acclimated to Greece’s culture and have lived within the country for at least a decade. Their own perception and reception of the practice allows for a more comprehensive look into the practical application of the technology within the country. No empirical studies are available on the aforementioned topic, despite the high importance and need for such study. Therefore, this research is carried out through a literature review. It then analyzes two models namely technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. It applies a phenomenological research method and provides us with a more concise, contextualized background into the widespread application of m-payment and m-commerce within the country. This research contributes new knowledge to m-payment and m-commerce through theoretical and empirical research and benefits the interpretation of a recently emerging phenomenon. The research results are useful to various groups associated with mpayments and m-commerce. Future research directions concerning this phenomenon involve the reception and enhancement of m-payment methods by older adults.

Etude historique des conditions d’émergence du champ de recherches de la perception des risques ;analyse critique du paradigme psychométrique et de la théorie culturaliste, ainsi que des conceptions du risque qui les sous-tend. /<p>Historical study of the emergence conditions of risk perception as a research field; critical analysis of the psychometric paradigm and cultural theory, as well as of the underlying risk conceptions.<br>Doctorat en Philosophie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The metaphors “tipping point” and “paradigm shift” are used to describe the moments surrounding social and scientific changes; however, I argue that in examining changes in culture and communication, the role of technology suggests the need for a new metaphor. Weaving together cultural studies, digital rhetoric and technology theories, I offer a complimentary metaphor, the cultural gateway, defined as specific artifacts that are simultaneously familiar and strange, providing a comfortable bridge between “before and after.” This thesis posits that the iPhone behaves as such a gateway to our current, fully mobile paradigm, and has changed the face of everyday composition. Employing the circuit of culture, I examine evidence found in early media accounts of iPhone’s impact, literacy narratives that name smartphones and iPhones as literacy agents, and early advertising. Investigations suggest that these quotidian artifacts have additional, unintended purposes that are quite human and intrinsic to our ordered realities.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>技術及職業教育研究所<br>102<br>This study is focus on the “Achievement motivation tendencies and differences”, ”Personality traits tendencies and differences” and “Achievement motivation and personality” of graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm technological university. The motivation is including difference with community-oriented achievement motivation and individual-orientation achievement motivation. The personality traits is including difference with extraversion, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness and affinity, then selected for personal background. A survey of “motive to achieve and personality of graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm Technological University” was satisfy this research purpose. The selected samples is including six school of paradigm technological university and participating in industrial projects of PhD. and Master program&;apos;&;apos;s students. A total of 1,094 copies of questionnaire surveying, actual recovery of 1,050 questionnaires, excluding the 63 invalid questionnaires, 978 effective questionnaires, the effective response rate was 89.3%. Survey results data using descriptive statistics, single-sample t test, independent-sample t test and one way ANOVA analysis and statistical methods to analyze. The results were follows as: 1. The “social-oriented achievement motivation” was higher and “individual-oriented achievement motivation” was lower in motive to achieve of graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm technological university. 2. The level of acceptance with “rigor” was higher and “open” was lower in personality of graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm technological university. 3. There wasn&;apos;&;apos;t difference in the perception with different backgrounds in motive to achieve of graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm Technological University. 4. Graduated students&;apos;&;apos; personality was difference in each paradigm Technological University. This results shown personality traits of graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm Technological University was difference depend on “school”. 5. The graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm Technological University were connected with motive to achieve and personality, and personality traits in each dimension as extraversion, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness was showed a direct proportion correlation. After this research, the results was indicated three suggestions and reference focus on graduated students participating in industrial projects for paradigm Technological University and study in the future.

RESUMO - O aumento da incidência das doenças crónicas representa um desafio enorme para todos os Sistemas de Saúde, pelo que a assistência de Saúde a doentes crónicos se tornou num problema das sociedades ocidentais. Os países mais pobres são os que mais sofrem, embora nos países desenvolvidos também se verifique um aumento notável das doenças crónicas. Estima-se que estas representem mais de 60% do total das doenças mundiais no ano 2020 (WHO, 2001). A adaptação dos actuais modelos de saúde aos doentes crónicos não atingiu os objectivos, o que conduziu a que, de há alguns anos a esta parte, se procure alternativas mais eficazes e eficientes. Uma das pressões do mercado que se fazem sentir será caracterizada por uma maior aposta na Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção da doença. O conceito de “Saúde” migrou de “não existência de doença” para “Bem-estar Físico e Psicológico”. Desta forma, o foco dos cuidados de saúde teve que ser adaptado, o que conduziu a uma situação em que o âmbito da prestação de cuidados de saúde é um contínuo de serviços que vai desde a promoção da saúde, medicina preventiva e medicina curativa aos cuidados continuados e cuidados paliativos. As tecnologias de informação e comunicação desempenharão um importante papel nesta tendência, permitindo estabelecer ligações contínuas entre os consumidores e prestadores de cuidados de saúde. Por outro lado, as potencialidades da Internet, das comunicações móveis, dispositivos portáteis e do instrumental electrónico, tornam-se evidentes no desenvolvimento de serviços de e-Saúde: para monitorização, seguimento e controlo dos doentes extra hospitalar - serviços estes centrados no doente. O objectivo geral do presente estudo consiste no desenho de um projecto de investigação para posterior avaliação da percepção do estado de saúde dos doentes seguidos na consulta de hipocoagulação do Hospital de Santa Marta. Devido à escassez de investigação na temática deste trabalho em Portugal, procedeu-se a um trabalho exploratório, descritivo, de carácter comparativo e enquadrado na abordagem quantitativa. O campo de análise consiste em comparar doentes que fazem anticoagulação oral, seguidos na consulta de cardiologia (consulta convencional), com os doentes seguidos no programa Airmed (através das comunicações móveis). 4 Para avaliação da percepção do estado de saúde foi utilizado o questionário SF-36.----ABSTRACT - The increasing incidence of chronic diseases represents an enormous challenge to the Health Systems and on cause of that, the Health Assistance to chronic patients became a concern of the Occidental society. The Countries with lower economical resources are the ones that suffers the most, but also the Developed countries have a noticeable increase of chronic diseases. It is estimated these will represent over 60% of total diseases world wide in 2020 (WHO,2001). The adaptation of the actual Health Models to chronic patients did not achieved it’s goals, what leaded to look for more effective and efficient alternatives. One of the more sensitive market pressure factor is to look for a better Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. The concept of “Health” merged from “Disease absence” to “Physic and Psychic Wellness”. In this way the Health Care focus had to be adapted, what drove to a status where the scope of the Health care is a continuum of services that goes from the Health Promotion, Preventive and Curative to Continued and Palliative Medical Care. The Information and Communication Technologies will play a crucial role in this trend, allowing to establish continued connections between patients and Health Care providers. In parallel the potential of the Internet, mobile communications, portable devices and electronic instruments became evident to deploy e-Health services: to monitor, follow-up and control of patients outside the Hospital. The overall objective of the present study is an Investigation Project Design to further evaluate the health status perception of the patients followed in the consultation for Hypocoagulation in the “Hospital de Santa Marta”. Due to lack of investigation in this thematic, in Portugal, this study is developed in an exploratory way, descriptive, comparative, within a scope of a quantified approach. The analysis field consists on comparing patients prescribed with oral anticoagulants and followed-up at the

Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.<br>0 comércio a retalho é a actividade económica que tem como finalidade levar os produtos acabados até aos consumidores finais, podendo assumir diferentes formas que vão desde a venda pessoal, por correio, por telefone, em lojas, máquinas de venda, até à televisão e Internet. Hoje, esta actividade tem uma importância fundamental na economia, não só porque é actualmente um dos sectores mais dinâmicos em termos de criação de valor, como também porque constituindo uma intermediário privilegiado entre a produção e o consumo, espelha as características culturais da sociedade em que se insere e sofre o impacto de toda a evolução social, política, económica e tecnológica. O presente trabalho explora o conceito de empresa rede no contexto da Nova Sociologia Económica para tentar compreender o surgimento da organização empresarial em rede no sector do comércio a retalho português, propondo averiguar da importância da forma de organização empresarial em rede no contexto de uma mudança organizacional no sector retalhista, em particular no seio dos pequenos retalhistas independentes. Para tal, é realizada uma caracterização do sector retalhista português com base em dados estatísticos actuais e, por fim, um estudo de caso sobre uma empresa do sector.<br>Retail trade is an economical activity whose purpose is to take goods to the final consumers. It can assume different forms, from personal sales, by post sales, telephone sales, stores and vending machines, to television and the Internet. Nowadays, this activity plays an essential role in economy, not only because at the present time it's one of the most dynamic sertors in what concems creation of added value, but also because, as it is a privileged intermediate between production and consumption, it refleets the cultural characteristics of the society in which is inserted and suffers the impact of ali the social, politic, economic and technological evolutioa This essay explores the net company concept in the New Economic Sociology, in an attempt to understand the emergence of the net company organisation form in the Portuguese retail trade sector. It also tries to establish the relevance of such net company organisation form in the scenario of change operating in the retail sector, specially among the small independent retailers. Based on current statistics data, this essay also analyses Portuguese retail trade sector and, last but not least, a case study has been carried out to enlighten this thematic in Portugal.<br>N/A

The founding documents for a new, democratic South Africa adopted a more inclusive and people-driven approach to innovation. The literature and policy analysis reveals a „shift‟ away from this approach to a more market-driven, exclusivist approach to innovation. R&D (research and development) and technology-driven innovation had been institutionalised at the expense of social, cultural and indigenous innovations. This „shift‟ limits the potential of innovation to benefit a wider segment of society. The absence of a „model‟ of innovation that exploits the strengths of all forms of innovation runs the risk of defeating the normative intentions of the founding innovation policies of the new, post-Apartheid and democratic South Africa. The OECD, from which South Africa „inherited‟ its notion of innovation, acknowledges the shortcomings of the technological innovation and calls for a conceptual framework that will address the shortcomings of the dominant, exclusivist notion of innovation. This inquiry was conducted to investigate an appropriate conceptual framework of innovation that would contribute towards achieving normative policy intentions of post-Apartheid South Africa. It employed a grounded theory design that used semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, observations and cooperative inquiry. The data analysed suggest the following propositions: 1. Thesis 1: Innovation is constrained by the dominant science and technology paradigm. 2. Thesis 2: Inclusive and integrative innovation cannot exist within an exclusivist innovation paradigm. 3. Thesis 3: Transforming an exclusivist paradigm into an inclusivist paradigm requires change at constitutive level and not just at regulatory level.4. Thesis 4: Synthesising an inclusive and integrative innovation requires creativity, open dialogue and imagination. Against the above propositions, this thesis recommends a conceptual framework that is underpinned by an inclusive and integrative paradigm. Such a framework proposes transformative actions that have potential to achieve normative policy intentions of post-Apartheid South Africa. Further research into a constitutive design for an inclusive and integrative innovation policies and practices is recommended.<br>Educational Studies<br>D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)