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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Technological innovations Economic aspects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Technological innovations Economic aspects"

Burlov, D. I. "INNOVATIVE PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC GROWTH". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/3, n. 140 (2023): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.11.03.026.

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This article provides a comprehensive overview of the innovative paradigm of economic growth, highlighting key concepts and factors that drive innovation-driven economic development. The study delves into the significance of innovations, technological progress, and innovation policies in fostering economic growth and competitiveness. It explores national innovation systems, strategies, and technological trends that shape modern economies. The role of investments in research and development and the consideration of sustainable development, including social and environmental aspects of innovations, are discussed. The article also examines innovation clusters and the nexus between education and innovation. Additionally, it touches upon global technological trends that influence the innovation landscape. This comprehensive analysis underscores the pivotal role of innovation in shaping contemporary economies and offers insights for future research and policy implementation.

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Hardashuk, Tetiana. "THE CONSOLIDATION POTENTIAL OF INNOVATIONS". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n. 23 (2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2018.23.5.

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Innovations are considered as a factor of consolidation of society, taking into account the definition of innovations as a complex phenomenon containing scientific, technical, technological, economic, environmental, social, legal, safety aspects. However, during the longtime scientific, technical, technological aspects of innovations were considered as driving force for the economy economic growth. Innovations directly or indirectly affect all spheres of social life, going far beyond the boundaries of purely market relations. Limitation of purely economic and scientific-technological definition and evaluation of innovations became obvious in 1960s on the wave of economic growth after the World War II and popularization of post-material values, on the one hand, and because of increasing social tensions, environmental crisis, deepening the gap between economically developed and developing countries, as well as between differed groups of the population within society, on the other hand. Social, ethical and environmental aspects of innovation were put on the agenda. Consequently, innovations should be measured not only in figured of benefit, but also in terms of health, education, safety, environmental impacts, saving energy and materials, etc. The study of the economic aspects of innovation were complemented by the following areas: 1) prevention of inequality due to innovative development; 2) combination of innovation with social entrepreneurship; 3) innovation as a factor in achieving sustainability; 4) innovations for environmental protection. This logically follows from the concept of sustainable development grounded on the coherence of social, economic and environmental parameters. Shortly, the complex of updated innovation criteria as a driving force of socio-economic development is formulated by the framework of «3Ps – profit, people, and planet», which accounts economic/financial, social and environmental aspects. The «3P» framework is a basis for development of new business ethics.

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Drushka-Marakhovskaya, Polina Leonidovna, Vera Alexandrovna Varfolomeeva e Natalia Alexandrovna Ivanova. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS". Industrial Economics 2, n. 5 (2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47576/2712-7559_2022_5_2_152.

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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "The economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, n. 1-2 (30 luglio 2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/14.

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During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.

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Nataeva, Zalina, Diana Dzhatdoeva e Elena Zakalyukina. "Biotechnology: Socio-economic, political and ethical aspects". E3S Web of Conferences 451 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345103007.

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The experiences of the past century have led to the realization that technological innovations often proceed without adequate testing for their readiness and potential consequences for humanity. The prevailing mindset often revolves around the stereotypes of continuous scientific and technological progress, where new developments are rapidly integrated into consumer society, including military applications, without comprehensive oversight. These waves typically encompass several decades and are associated with the evolution of technologies and industries. They provide a framework for understanding how technological innovations and economic structures interact and evolve over time. The concern raised is that during these waves of technological and economic development, there may not always be sufficient consideration of the potential consequences, both positive and negative, of the innovations introduced. This lack of foresight can result in unforeseen challenges and risks for society. In today's rapidly changing technological landscape, it is crucial to consider the ethical, environmental, and societal implications of emerging technologies. A more cautious and responsible approach to technological progress, taking into account the broader implications for humanity, is increasingly important to ensure the well-being and sustainability of our global society.

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Anichin, Vladislav, Dmitry Chugay, Galina Khudobina e Natalia Yakovenko. "Organizational and economic aspects of innovation management in agro-industrial enterprises". SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600041.

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The economic aspects of innovation activity are determined by the fact that innovations serve to achieve the economic goals of the enterprise, act as a means of competition and require the use of economic resources. When organizing innovation activities, it is important to take into account macroeconomic factors and intra-company conditions. The authors identify three large-scale macroeconomic factors that have a significant impact on the chain of interrelated innovations in the activities of modern Russian agro-industrial enterprises. At present, the factor of creating institutions of the digital economy is beginning to take effect, in connection with which the third wave of organizational, technological and marketing innovations and the next growth of agro-industrial production in Russia are expected. Due to the different rates of economic concentration in the three areas of the agro-industrial complex, historically, unfair vertical competition has been and remains one of the limitations for innovation at agro-industrial enterprises. In the digital economy, information about the essential conditions of concluded transactions becomes available to antimonopoly authorities in real time, which allows them to quickly develop and apply regulatory actions in cases of violations of antimonopoly legislation or in cases of “failures” of the market. It is also possible to create institutions that support fair competition in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. The opportunities that open up actualize the improvement of the conditions for innovation activity at the intra-company level.

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Bohashko, Oleksandr L. "THE MAIN ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT". Economies' Horizons, n. 2(20) (30 giugno 2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.2(20).2022.263346.

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The article outlines the main aspects of innovative development of entrepreneurship in modern conditions of social and economic development of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify factors affecting the innovative activity of entrepreneurship within the framework of regional innovation systems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the fundamental provisions of economic theory and practice, general scientific and special methods of knowledge of economic reality. The main methods that were used: structural and logical; comparative, method of detailing and synthesis. It was found that innovative activity is increasingly considered in the context of regional development and local innovation systems. Within the framework of this approach, such factors as spatial proximity of regions, local conditions, the specifics of human capital and interregional cooperation are considered. The article highlights the features of the modern functioning of the innovation sphere, analyses the factors affecting the propensity of firms to innovate. The types of innovations and the classification of innovations generally accepted in the OECD countries are considered. It is noted that innovative companies from countries with catch-up development are primarily interested in such characteristics of the institutional environment as the business climate and stable «rules of the game» in the market. Institutional indicators are the timing of opening a firm and resolving commercial disputes, the stability of the employment index, which reflects changes in hiring and firing conditions, the level of democracy, and maximum tax rates. The importance of most of these factors indicates the need to take them into account in the evaluation of innovative activity. The study found that a set of interrelated concepts, including the national innovation system and the national business system used for strategic management purposes, largely ignore the role of entrepreneurs. As a rule, they concern individual firms or enterprises, while innovations are created by entrepreneurs who combine existing elements of knowledge and generate new value. At the same time, in the course of their activities, entrepreneurs organize jobs and achieve economic growth, which is especially relevant for the reconstruction of the economy of our country in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

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Rokov, A. I., e E. D. Iokhimovich. "Economic aspects of developing renewable energy sources". Business Strategies 8, n. 2 (5 marzo 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2020-2-55-59.

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The modern electricity market is in the process of transformation generated by the influx of technological innovations and social mood in society. The article considers the features of using renewable energy sources in the world and in Russia, their importance and economic potential for sustainable development. Significant problems that arise when using renewable energy sources are identified, and ways to overcome them and prospects for further use are considered.

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Bollano, Sabina. "The study of “Cities of the Future” urban planning and development decision-making experience". Architectural Studies 10, n. 1 (6 maggio 2024): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2024.47.

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Given the rapid technological and global development, “Cities of the Future” are becoming important centres of innovation, where cultural, economic, and technological influences intertwine. The research relevance of such studies is determined by the impact of innovations on the development of the urban environment, which contribute to sustainable development and improve the quality of life of residents. The study aims to analyse planning practices and urban development solutions in “Cities of the Future” in Albania, focusing on the interaction of social, economic, and environmental aspects. The following methods were used: generalisation, induction and deduction, analysis, and synthesis. The study examined data on urbanisation in Albania, the gross domestic product of the country and in the cities of Tirana, Diber, Durres, Vlora and Korca per capita, as well as the main aspects of planning and economic sustainability in general. The study of the architectural and infrastructural development of Albanian cities revealed key trends and innovations, including the implementation of modern residential complexes, interactive applications, the use of energy-efficient technologies, the restoration of historical sites and the creation of eco-parks. This demonstrates the importance of balanced development that incorporates both modern technologies and the preservation of cultural heritage. Stable economic conditions point to opportunities for sustainable development and investment in cities. The positive trend in gross domestic product creates favourable conditions for attracting new businesses, technological innovations, and the development of sustainable lifestyles. In addition, the analysis of innovations in transport, aesthetic approaches and economic sustainability of Albanian cities determines the prospects for their global competitiveness. The results of the study can be useful for the development and planning of future urban development in Albania, as well as used as a basis for decision-making in the fields of economics, technology, and urbanisation

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Ornarowicz, Urszula. "Innovations. Market and Social Aspects". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 4, n. 349 (4 novembre 2020): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.349.07.

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Areas of research in economics and management science become increasingly close – they overlap and become very similar. New events, new products of people’s actions, new patterns of behaviour arise with a pace unknown before. Institutionalisation of these phenomena aimed at their broad codification also takes on new forms. We live in an age of ubiquitous innovativeness. Naturally, the question arises: should innovations be perceived in the same way as in the past? Are there any new types of innovations that have appeared lately? Are the current definitions of market and social innovations still up to date? The aim of the article is to present a change in approach to innovations over time, with particular focus on their market and social aspects. The author attempts to answer the following questions: how did technological progress visible in the networking of economy influence the understanding of social innovations, what is the role of social production and exchange which replace gradually market exchange, in the social innovation definition, to what extent is the cooperation within a community in the virtual space characteristic of a special class of social innovation? The research method used by the author is based on literature studies on innovations and on the economics of cooperation (access, sharing, co‑use). It comprises an analysis of different concepts of innovation, in particular different definitions of the name, an analysis of different approaches to cooperation economics, comparisons of the obtained results, and conclusions formulation. The approach to innovation changes over time – from a technical, social and market approach to a differently understood today social approach. Contemporary, the criteria for innovation “society” are different. The understanding of innovation is influenced by the increased role of social production and exchange at the expense of market exchange. The networking of the information economy significantly strengthens the social aspect of innovation. Cooperation within a community, including co‑creation of goods, access to them, their co‑use and sharing, is an extreme example of the advantage of the social dimension of innovation over its market aspect.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Technological innovations Economic aspects"

Matthews, Rolf Benjamin. "The technological economics of glass recycling". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3539.

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This thesis examines the technological economics of glass recycling in Britain. Attention was focused on recovery schemes operated within Scotland, comparisons being made with schemes in the rest of Britain and in Europe. An examination was made of general recycling problems and of glass recycling problems in particular. The various systems for glass recycling were reviewed and were put in the context of the waste management system as a whole. A survey was undertaken of Local Authorities operating glass recycling schemes. The aim was to provide a comprehensive data set to enable a consistent assessment of glass recovery schemes to be taken. This emphasised the importance of taking a standard approach to assessing the viability of recovery schemes. This needs to be done in terms of both private and social costs and benefits to provide a full economic assessment of the system. A general computer model has been developed to allow local authorities to check the viability of their on-going operations. As they operate under different conditions this model was split into separate assessment of a Bottle Bank scheme and a trade collection scheme. In addition, an investment appraisal model was developed to cover both situations. These allow managers to assess the viability of their schemes and can be used to highlight key costs. An International review was undertaken to see what lessons may be learned and what actions may be taken by the local authorities, industry, the general public, and by central government.

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Yang, Yibai. "Economic growth under endogenous technological change and time preference : empirical evidence from selected OECD countries". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28824.

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Technological change and time preference are two important factors affecting the mechanics of the process of economic growth, and the endogeneity of these factors receives increasing attention in recent studies. This thesis provides analyses of the roles of endogenous technological change and endogenous time preference in the growth process, With particular interests in long—run growth7 the organization and direction of innovation, equilibrium dynamics, and improvements of household welfare. The thesis consists of the following chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the research. Chapter 2 reviews the related literature and the modelling foundations that are extended in the thesis. Chapter 3 extends the basic Schumpeterian growth model to investigate the relation between the cooperative R&D decision by firms and the aggregate technological Change (productivity growth). In a duopolistic intermediate—good market, duopolistic firms are concerned With their individual R&D cost and profits in noncooperative R&D, Which yields a constant successful probability of innovation; whereas in cooperative R&D, the learning ability and the probability of successful innovation for the duopohsts increase as the level of technology grows, but the R&D cost and profits are shared equally. We show that the duopolists prefer to cooperate in R&D as the economy converges Closer toward the frontier, Which is consistent With our empirical evidence. Moreover, we analyse the dynamics of the convergence paths induced by both R&D cooperation options, implying that if the learning ability of the duopolists is sufficiently high, the economy converges toward a high—technology steady state near the frontier; however, the economy’s technology relative to the frontier may stop growing in a nonconvergence trap if the cost of imitation is relatively low. Chapter 4 focuses on the direction of technological change and its effect on the growth process and individual welfare. This chapter proposes a directed technological change model where managerial skills become complementary to the production skills in intermediate—good production, and it provides the solutions of high— relative to low—skilled technologies and long-run growth rates. We derive several results from this framework. First, weak and strong equilibrium biases of technological change still hold for the management sectors such that an increase in the relative managerial skills raises the wage inequality between high— and low-skilled managers, which explains the empirical evidence in the US, Australian and British labour markets. Second, the transitional dynamics of the economy—wide technology implies that a sectoral management shock causes temporary growth in both the aggregate total factor productivity and the aggregate output, which is higher than the balanced growth path level. Third, we show that education but not on—the—job training can be a feasible scheme to acquire managerial skills if individuals are heterogeneous in their ability. Chapter 5 investigates the determinants of time preference and their effects on equilibrium dynamics in the canonical neoclassical growth model, the AK model, and the real business cycle (RBC) model. Two types of marginal impatience endogenize the representative household’s discount function to alter its time preference: increasing (Koopmans—Uzawa type) and decreasing (Becker-Mulligan type), which are induced by current consumption and future—oriented capital, respectively. In the canonical neo—classical growth model, we derive a set of sufficient conditions for a unique steady state equilibrium, in which local stability still holds when marginal return to capital decreases more slowly than marginal impatience. Moreover, based on functional forms and assumptions, this framework can be extended to the endogenous version of neo—classical growth: the AK model, which sustains long—run growth. In an application of the uncertainty version—the RBC model in a small open economy—the equilibrium level of future—oriented capital is obtained in a reduced form, which simultaneously overcomes the nonstationarity problem. The positive relation (procyclicality) between the turnover of future—oriented and current consumption is also consistent with the empirical evidence from Australia. Chapter 6 summarises the research results and points out directions of future research. This thesis has implications for improving a household’s welfare. In Chapter 3, we find that the representative household in a country that converges towards the frontier along the cooperative R&D path can have higher welfare than the household in a country along the noncooperative R&D convergence path. Moreover, we claim that the government could contribute a lump—sum subsidy as a growth maximization policy for the economy to ameliorate the under contribution to learning ability of duopolistic firms resulted from the decentralized equilibrium, which could lead to growth and welfare maximization, simultaneously. Chapter 4 shows that subsidies to encourage education can increase the supply of one type of skill. If an individual belongs to this type of skilled group, the between-group wage inequality will increase this individual’s welfare if the bias of technological change is strong enough to offset the time cost of education. Finally, Chapter 5 demonstrates that expenditures by the household on particular goods reduce the remoteness of future pleasures. If the effect of these expenditures on the rate of time preference exceeds their counterpart in current utility, the household’s welfare will also be improved.

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Cooper, Benedict C. "The evolution of technology and adaptive economic behaviour". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b6fece5-fdc3-4ac5-ad38-ca94f6aea127.

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This thesis studies the role of learning as a mechanism of economic change. Two areas are considered where this would seem to be important. First, how firms learn about new technology; and secondly, how agents learn to behave in interactive situations. A model of research and development is presented which models the process by which firms solve specific design problems. This may be by individual experimental search or by partial imitation. In the latter case, a close parallel is drawn between biological evolution, based on genetic reproduction, and technological evolution, based on firms blending existing technologies. Some economic implications of these processes are explored, including their application to stochastic learning curves, patent design and the transfer of technology to developing countries. The thesis continues by critically assessing the analogy between biological and cultural evolution often used to model how agents learn to behave in interactive situations. It is argued that the methods used by economists exploiting this analogy are often ill-suited to an economic context. Models are presented which deal with specific issues in the transition from a biological context to an economic context, including models of partnership formation, models of imperfect imitation, and models without payoff-monotonic dynamics. The issue of imperfect imitation is expanded upon in an evolutionary model of the infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma, where it is shown that the problem of inter-generational copying fidelity may allow one to restrict attention to strategies with a very simple stochastic structure.

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Khohliso, Sylvester Mziwonke. "Improving technological entrepreneurship of first-year students at universities". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6476.

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A challenge facing higher education institutions is the level of technological entrepreneurship of first-year students in the field of technological programmes. This challenge has put pressure on management of higher education institutions to introduce an entrepreneurial mindset and encourage innovation. According to Development Policy Research Unit (2007:18), 23 percent of students choose qualifications mainly for the employment opportunities. According to Shein, Crous, and Schepers (2010:1), not only in growing economies such as South Africa‟s, entrepreneurship contributes to a national growth and contributes to job creation. Shein, et al. (2010:1), further claim that recent studies have shown a shift towards studying entrepreneurship in an attempt to uncover its fundamentals and its importance in adding to the well-being of the country.

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Cincera, Michele. "Economic and technological performances of international firms". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212081.

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The research performed throughout this dissertation aims at implementing quantitative methods in order to assess economic and technological performances of firms, i.e. it tries to assess the impacts of the determinants of technological activity on the results of this activity. For this purpose, a representative sample of the most important R&D firms in the world is constituted. The micro-economic nature of the analysis, as well as its international dimension are two main features of this research at the empirical level.

The second chapter illustrates the importance of R&D investments, patenting activities and other measures of technological activities performed by firms over the last 10 years.

The third chapter describes the main features as well as the construction of the database. The raw data sample consists of comparable detailed micro-level data on 2676 large manufacturing firms from several countries. These firms have reported important R&D expenditures over the period 1980-1994.

The fourth chapter explores the dynamic structure of the patent-R&D relationship by considering the number of patent applications as a function of present and lagged levels of R&D expenditures. R&D spillovers as well as technological and geographical opportunities are taken into account as additional determinants in order to explain patenting behaviours. The estimates are based on recently developed econometric techniques that deal with the discrete non-negative nature of the dependent patent variable as well as the simultaneity that can arise between the R&D decisions and patenting. The results show evidence of a rather contemporaneous impact of R&D activities on patenting. As far as R&D spillovers are concerned, these externalities have a significantly higher impact on patenting than own R&D. Furthermore, these effects appear to take more time, three years on average, to show up in patents.

The fifth chapter explores the contribution of own stock of R&D capital to productivity performance of firms. To this end the usual productivity residual methodology is implemented. The empirical section presents a first set of results which replicate the analysis of previous studies and tries to assess the robustness of the findings with regard to the above issues. Then, further results, based on different sub samples of the data set, investigate to what extent the R&D contribution on productivity differs across firms of different industries and geographic areas or between small and large firms and low and high-tech firms. The last section explores more carefully the simultaneity issue. On the whole, the estimates indicate that R&D has a positive impact on productivity performances. Yet, this contribution is far from being homogeneous across the different dimensions of data or according to the various assumptions retained in the productivity model.

The last empirical chapter goes deeper into the analysis of firms' productivity increases, by considering besides own R&D activities the impact of technological spillovers. The chapter begins by surveying the alternative ways proposed in the literature in order to asses the effect of R&D spillovers on productivity. The main findings reported by some studies at the micro level are then outlined. Then, the framework to formalize technological externalities and other technological determinants is exposed. This framework is based on a positioning of firms into a technological space using their patent distribution across technological fields. The question of whether the externalities generated by the technological and geographic neighbours are different on the recipient's productivity is also addressed by splitting the spillover variable into a local and national component. Then, alternative measures of technological proximity are examined. Some interesting observations emerge from the empirical results. First, the impact of spillovers on productivity increases is positive and much more important than the contribution of own R&D. Second, spillover effects are not the same according to whether they emanate from firms specialized in similar technological fields or firms more distant in the technological space. Finally, the magnitude and direction of these effects are radically different within and between the pillars of the Triad. While European firms do not appear to particularly benefit from both national and international sources of spillovers, US firms are mainly receptive to their national stock and Japanese firms take advantage from the international stock.

Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Matheson, Rob. "The economic effects of supply management on technology adoption in the Quebec and Ontario dairy sector /". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63896.

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Peak, Geoffrey Colin. "Product innovation and differentiation, intra-industry trade and growth : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php357.pdf.

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Includes bibliograhical references (leaves 239-251) Concerned with the influence that the production of innovative goods has on the economic growth rate of a country. Proposes that amongst the developed economies, the higher the level of production of innovative goods within a country, the higher the GDP growth rate, all else being equal.

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Cohen, David H. "The adoption of innovative wood processing technologies in the building products industry". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54508.

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The strategic importance of the adoption of innovative processing technologies was analyzed for building products businesses. This study examined the two components of wood building products businesses: the structural panel industry and the softwood Iumber industry. To ensure that the relevance of adopting of innovative processing technologies was examined within an accurate contextual environment, additional important strategies and performance were also measured. A mail survey of the seventy-five largest North American producers of these two products provided the primary data necessary to investigate the strategic importance of process technology adoption, forward vertical integration, relative market share, grade sector focus, and investment intensity on firm performance as measured by profitability surrogates and changes in relative market share. This survey collected direct measures of the proportion of 1987 production produced by respondent firms that used controlled distribution channels and each of twentythree processes indicative of innovative technologies in the manufacture of building products. Information concerning the other strategic and performance factors was collected from secondary data sources. Results indicate that the adoption of innovative processing technologies has a positive impact on firm profitability. Investment intensity and grade sector focus also contributed to superior profitability. Forward vertical integration, and relative market share had no impact in differences between performance levels for the firms studied. Technologies were examined for underlying dimensions that group different process technologies together. Firms were clustered according to their level of adoption of innovative processing technologies and these clusters were then described according to a variety of firm-dependent characteristics, strategies, and performance measures. A strategy-performance model was developed for standardized, industrial product-markets and empirically tested using the data collected for the building products industry as an industry representative of this type of competitive environment.
Ph. D.

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Danguy, Jérôme. "Essays on the globalization of innovation using patent-based indicators". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209409.

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Compared to the globalized markets of goods and services, technology production has been often described as “far from globalized” and mainly concentrated in the home country of multinational enterprises. However, academics and international organizations recognize that research and development (R&D) activities are increasingly performed at the international level. In particular, the globalization of innovation is a major concern since it is at the crossroads of the rising importance of knowledge economy and the increasing international slicing of firms’ value chains. In this context, the main motivations of this thesis are to investigate the extent to which innovation takes place across national borders and to analyze the drivers of this phenomenon across countries and across industries. For this purpose, this dissertation provides new evidence on the globalization of innovation in four empirical essays using patent-based indicators.

First, the relevance of patent statistics as indicators of innovation is evaluated by studying the relationship between expenditures in R&D activities and patenting efforts. Chapter 2 decomposes this relationship at the industry level to shed light on the origins of the worldwide surge in patent applications. The empirical investigation of the R&D-patent relationship relies on a unique panel dataset composed of 18 manufacturing industries in 19 countries covering the period from 1987 to 2005, for which five broad patent indicators are developed. This study shows that patent applications at the industry level reflect not only research productivity, but also two main components of the propensity to patent which are firms’ strategic considerations: the decision to protect an invention with a patent (the “appropriability strategy”) and the number of patents filed to protect an innovation (the “filing strategy”). The comparison between the results for various patent count indicators provides also interesting insights. While some industries (computers and communication technologies) and countries (South Korea, Spain, and Poland) have experienced a drastic increase in patent applications, the ratio of priority patent applications to R&D expenditures has been generally constant. This result suggests that there has been no spurt in innovation productivity. In contrast, regional applications (filings at the United States Patent and Trademark Office or at the European Patent Office) have been increasing since the early 1990s, suggesting that the patent explosion observed in large regional patent offices is due to the greater globalization of intellectual property rights rather than a surge in research productivity. Innovative firms are increasingly targeting global markets and hence have a higher tendency to seek protection in key markets worldwide.

Chapter 3 introduces, firstly, aggregate patent-based indicators to measure the globalization of innovation production. Secondly, it describes the patterns in international technology production for a large panel dataset covering 21 industries in 29 countries from 1980 to 2005. A strong growth in the intensity of globalization of innovation is confirmed not only in terms of cross-border ownership of innovation, but also in terms of international technological collaborations. More interestingly, heterogeneity across countries and industries is observed. On the one hand, more innovative countries (or industries) do not present more globalized innovation footprint. On the other hand, the ownership of innovation is still strongly concentrated in a few countries, although its location is increasingly dispersed across the world. Thirdly, it investigates empirically two main opposing motives driving the internationalization of innovation: home-base augmenting and home-base exploiting strategies. The results show that the degree of internationalization of innovation is negatively related to the revealed technological advantage of countries across industries. Countries tend to be more technologically globalized in industrial sectors in which they are less technologically specialized. The empirical findings suggest also that countries with multidisciplinary technological knowledge are more likely to take part in international co-inventions of new technologies and to be attractive for foreign innovative firms. This aggregated patent-based analysis provides additional evidence that globalization of innovation is a means of acquiring competences abroad that are lacking at home, suggesting that home-base augmenting motives matter in the globalization of innovation production. By contrast, the internationalization of innovation does not seem to be purely market-driven since large economies are not the target of foreign innovative firms and international patenting is more related to international competitiveness of country-industry pairs than to the direction of trade flows.

While the previous chapter studies the globalization of innovation of a country with the rest of world, Chapter 4 aims at explaining who collaborates with whom in the international production of technology. In particular, the impact of technological distance between partner’s economies is investigated for a panel dataset covering international co-inventions between 29 countries in 21 industries between 1988 and 2005. The descriptive analysis highlights that the overall growth in internationalization of innovation is due to both the increase in the number of international innovative actors and the rise of the average intensity of collaboration. The empirical findings then suggest that the two main arguments related to technological distance – ‘similarity versus diversity’ – can be reconciled by taking an industry approach. Indeed, the estimation results show that the impact of technological distance is twofold on the intensity of collaborative innovation at industry level. On the one hand, the more similar the industry-specific knowledge of two countries (low technological distance within the industry), the more easily they collaborate by sharing common industrial knowledge. On the other hand, the more different their non-industry-specific knowledge (high technological distance outside the scope of the industry), the more they collaborate to gain access to broad and interdisciplinary expertise. It suggests that the relative absorptive capacity between partner’s economies and the search for novel and complementary knowledge are key drivers of the globalization of innovation. Moreover, the results confirm the moderating effect of non-technological distance factors (spatial proximity, ease of communication, institutional proximity, and overall economic ties) in cross-border innovative relationships.

The topic of Chapter 5 is the cost-benefit analysis of the creation of a new ‘globalized’ patent: the EU Patent (formerly known as Community Patent) which consists in a single patent covering the entire EU territory for both application procedure and legal enforcement after grant. The objective of this chapter is threefold: (i) simulate the budgetary consequences in terms of renewal fees’ income for the European and national patent offices; (ii) evaluate the implications for the business sector in terms of absolute and relative fees; (iii) assess the total economic impact for the most important actors of the European patent system. Based on an econometric model explaining the determinants of the maintenance rate of patents, the simulations suggest that – with a sound renewal fee structure – the EU patent could generate more income for nearly all patent offices than under the current status quo. It would, at the same time, substantially reduce the relative patenting costs for applicants. Finally, the loss of economic rents by patent attorneys, translators and lawyers, and the drop of controlling power by national patent offices elucidate further the persistence of a fragmented European patent system.

Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Yiadom, Michael Boakye. "A model of creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3812.

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Creativity and innovation are significant for the creation of a knowledge and productive base economy with its associated growth, sustainability and job creation. However it is noticed that students will need to employ the techniques on creativity and innovation in order to prepare themselves sufficiently to become business owners and entrepreneurs in this current global world where government jobs are difficult to come by. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to determine creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final-year students to become entrepreneurs. A hard copy Word document questionnaire was considered an appropriate measurement method for this study. The targeted population of the study included entrepreneurial experts, business owners, teachers and lecturers of business management/studies in the Sisonke District of Kwazulu Natal Province. Thus, some 100 entrepreneur experts, owners of businesses, teachers and lecturers were identified as part of the sampling frame. A total number of 67 questionnaires were administered out of the 100 targeted– giving a response rate of 67%. The quantitative data were processed using Excel, leading to appropriate descriptive statistical analyses, including frequencies, means, medians and standard deviations. In order to obtain a better understanding of a model that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs, problem statements and sub-problems were stated and a t-test was used to establish demographic variables, whilst correlation analysis among skills was conducted regarding the model of creative and innovative techniques. Factor analysis was conducted using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which confirms that training in the model will prepare students to become entrepreneurs. The results from the empirical study revealed that a model of creative and innovative techniques will prepare students to become entrepreneurs, with a total of 70% of respondents attesting to it. Based on the relevant literature study and the empirical results, recommendations were made in order to support the training needs of students on creativity and innovation techniques. However, the unavailability of an exhaustive entrepreneurial experts database and small number of further education and training colleges in the Sisonke District, did not allow the research to draw on a larger representative sample. Thus, this limitation has impeded in-depth statistical analysis that would have allowed the research to obtain more accurate findings. Further studies could be investigated from lecturers, business owners and experts whether an introduction of a special curriculum on creativity and innovation in further education and training schools may prepare students to become entrepreneurs.

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Libri sul tema "Technological innovations Economic aspects"

Benn, Steil, Victor David G, Nelson Richard R e Council on Foreign Relations, a cura di. Technological innovation and economic performance. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2002.

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1959-, Siegel Donald S., e Link Albert N, a cura di. Technological change and economic performance. New York: Routledge, 2003.

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Stoneman, Paul. Technological diffusion: Theviewpoint of economic theory. Coventry: Department of Economics,University of Warwick, 1985.

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Coombs, Rod. Economics and technological change. Totowa, N.J: Rowman & Littlefield, 1987.

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Nadiri, M. Ishaq. Innovations and technological spillovers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Howard, Caroline. Strategic adoption of technological innovations. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2013.

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Stoneman, Paul. Technological diffusion: The viewpoint of economic theory. Coventry: University of Warwick Department of Economics, 1985.

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1948-, Thomson Ross, a cura di. Learning and technological change. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993.

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Ostry, Sylvia. Technological change and international economic institutions. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1995.

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Antonelli, Cristiano. Handbook on the economic complexity of technological change. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011.

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Slatov, D., e L. Slatova. "Precariat as a Challenge to the Development of Regional Human Resources: Economic and Medical Aspects". In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 42–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_6.

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Unger, Richard W. "Ships, shipping, technological change and global economic growth, 1400-1800". In L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century, 373–93. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0092-9.22.

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The major breakthrough in ship design around 1400 creating the full-rigged ship constituted a general purpose technology. It had far-reaching effects on shipping, trade volume, orientation of trade routes, location of production, settlement patterns and many other aspects of life throughout the globe from 1400 to1800. The greater efficiency of the type in a number of uses led to its dissemination, to a limited degree, throughout the world. Spillovers from the success of the design were extensive and included for example a literature on designing and building ships, improvements in navigation and in government practices. Advances in shipbuilding were one of the very few technologies in the period that qualified as a technological advance with massive consequences.

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Sherstneva, A. "Analyses of Aspects on an Entrepreneurial Mindset". In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 558–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_68.

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Laliena Corbera, Carlos. "The knowledge economy in the preindustrial era". In L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century, 5–32. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0092-9.03.

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The aim of this paper is to verify that in economies prior to the 18th century and from the Middle Ages onwards, there was a significant increase in the application of knowledge in the goods produced and a development of both technological and organizational innovation, i.e. "useful knowledge". It is also a question of verifying the effect of cultures, institutions and power structures on the generation of knowledge, its diffusion and its technological and productive use. In conclusion, the reduction of risk and the increase of productivity were aspects linked to the "knowledge economy" also in the pre-industrial era.

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Zhitlukhina, O., e E. Kiselevskaia. "On the Identification of Financial Instruments in the Aspect of Indicators of Financialization of the Economic Life of Economic Entities". In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 431–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15577-3_42.

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Dyachkov, A., N. Surnina e E. Shishkina. "Development of Regional Electric Power Space: Special Aspects, Trends, Overcoming Spatial Imbalance". In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 314–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_40.

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Simonova, M. V., S. Kolesnikov e N. Spravchikova. "Interregional Aspects of Employment as a Factor in the Formation of the Labor Potential". In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 425–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_53.

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Cerdas, Felipe, Joris Baars, Abdur-Rahman Ali e Nicolas von Drachenfels. "Methodological Challenges of Prospective Assessments". In The Materials Research Society Series, 225–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48359-2_12.

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AbstractTraditionally, environmental, economic, and social impact assessments of technological innovations have been conducted retrospectively, which means assessing the present or past impacts of products and services. However, for the evaluation of future aspects of technological developments, alternative assessment methods are needed. Prospective assessment is a future-oriented method that can be used to assess environmental, economic, and social impacts. Prospective assessments, like retrospective assessments, provide guidance to decision-makers, including technology developers, policymakers, and manufacturers. Despite the benefits offered by such assessments, a standard method to follow when conducting a prospective assessment presently does not exist.This section focuses on the methodological challenges of prospective assessments for the evaluation of the impacts of emerging technologies, with a particular focus on emerging battery technologies. Four key challenges of prospective assessments are defined and discussed, being data availability and quality, scaling issues, uncertainty management and variability, and comparability. Each of these challenges is described, and existing methods are suggested to mitigate the challenges. The section concludes by emphasising the need for harmonised and standardised methods when communicating results related to prospective LCAs. In addition, studies need to address the key challenges identified to improve the wider acceptance of results amongst stakeholders and decision-makers.

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Ciriacono, Salvatore. "Tavola rotonda". In La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 391–94. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.22.

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Although the LII Week adequately developed the theme of Fashion in its economic, productive and technological aspects, not forgetting the expectations of consumers and the role of raw materials available over the centuries considered, other aspects of this complex issue inevitably remained on the sidelines, which refers to questions of a sociological, linguistic, psychological and even psychoanalytic nature. It would have been equally appropriate to compare, in a more direct way, what was happening in northern Europe with respect to Mediterranean Europe, bearing in mind the role of Protestantism, very far from clothing that was too flashy. The role of colors and themes, also of an artistic nature, that transpired from clothing also refer to other aspects that will have to be taken up on other occasions.

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Welfens, Paul J. J. "C. Economic Integration, Technological Progress and Growth". In Innovations in Macroeconomics, 129–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11909-5_3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Technological innovations Economic aspects"

Марков, Владимир Петрович. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF WATER TRANSPORT SAFETY". In Национальная безопасность России: актуальные аспекты: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb186.2020.45.74.006.

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В связи с нововведениями обостряются существующие проблемы безопасности водного транспорта. Обращается внимание на тот факт, что существующая система безопасности водного транспорта не учитывает географический, технологический и отраслевой факторы. Реализация концепции транспортной безопасности на водном транспорте взывает немало вопросов, определяющих существование отрасли. In connection with the innovations, the existing problems of the safety of water transport are aggravated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the existing water transport safety system does not take into account geographical, technological and sectoral factors. The implementation of the concept of transport security in water transport raises many questions that determine the existence of the industry.

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Jiříček, Petr, e Zdeňka Dostálová. "J. A. SCHUMPETER, A THEORIST OF INNOVATION AND A HISTORIAN OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE". In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.315.

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The paper commemorates the 70th anniversary of the death of Joseph Alois Schumpeter, the world-renowned economist of Czech-Austrian origin and creator of innovation theory. It analyses Schumpeter’s work from the perspective of two aspects, complementing each other in his work: historical economic analysis and entrepreneurial innovation theory. The introduction reveals the genesis of his relation to enterprise, innovation, and the historical economics concept. The historical approach to economics appears in his scientific works at the time of his work at the European universities in Chernivtsi, Graz and Bonn, as well as in his later work at Harvard University. The paper also studies the rise of his innovation theory, first appearing during his work in Graz, Styria, and its gradual reflection in his professional work. The paper shows how these approaches merge in his economic teaching, which is very specific and includes both purely economic and technological and social aspects.

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Angheluţă, Sorin Petrică, Florin Dobre, Amelia Diaconu, Mihai Dinu e Svetlana Platagea Gombos. "Aspects regarding the level of education of the adult population". In International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155649.30.

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Occupancy rates can be increased by applying as flexible learning pathways as possible. Acquiring and updating skills, knowledge and competencies is a necessity required by technological changes in the economy. Thus, graduates need to be better prepared, as their access to new jobs can be restricted if they have a low level of skills. Starting from the structure of the adult population in the Member States of the European Union, the article presents an analysis of the level of education of the adult population.

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Bedjeti Baftijari, Artina, e Leonid Nakov. "AN OVERVIEW ON MANAGING CHANGES FOR BANK RISKS IN TIMES OF FINTECH (R)EVOLUTION: A CHALLENGE OR OPPORTUNITY?" In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0025.

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Most of the economic activities are becoming highly digital. In the past several years changes in the technological improvements and financial innovations had an enormous impact on the modern financial system. Worldwide, the banking industry has changed and integrated the financial technology (FinTech) in its everyday routine. Nowadays, for some financial members FinTech provides a big threat and a challenge for the traditional banking, while for some others it provides an opportunity for more flexibility, better service functionality and higher service quality. Overall, banks adopt innovations to satisfy customers’ demands, despite the risks and challenges imposed from FinTech and new financial product development (NFPD). In general banks benefit from opportunities of the new product development in the aspect of allocating more efficiently the resources, reduction in transaction costs, promotion, revenue growth and profitability. The aim and objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate the main risks related to development of FinTech and financial innovations that banks are exposed to (on micro and macro level), and to provide recommendations on the reduction of those risks and controlling them. Based on literature review, researches proved that one of the major obstacle to firm`s innovativeness is the negative impact of the new financial product development on banking risks. It is recommended that in times of technological boom commercial banks should invest their available funds in suitable techniques for successfully accepting new financial product development.

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Gomes, Orlando. "Global Risks and the Theory of Economic Growth". In Eighth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2022.1.

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Although global risks may be sorted into different categories – economic, environmental, geopolitical, societal, and technological – they are strongly intertwined and they tend to reinforce one another, easily transforming a localized problem into a perfect storm capable of deeply affecting all economic sectors and all aspects of people’s lives. This short essay undertakes a systematic and integrated discussion of global risks in the context of economic growth theory. A standard endogenous growth (SEG) model is adapted and reconfigured into a global risk endogenous growth (GREG) model.

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MINCULETE, Gheorghe, e Ghiță BÂRSAN. "APPROACHES RELATED-TO THE FUNCTIONING AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION WITHIN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT". In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2022/01.04.

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The leaps and transformations manifested over the recent decades have led to the development of new concepts such as "Society 5.0", "Industry 5.0" and "Supply Chain Management 5.0". These are especially important now and they will continue to be important in the future too because they generate social and economic evolution that will make room for technological models and innovations with beneficial impact socially and economically. The determination of new threats and the global pandemic challenges require changes in the functioning of the existing supply chain management, which will be built and will operate under new challenging conditions, considering the latest technological and economic developments as well as the requirements and demands of individual and organizational buyers. In this article, we highlight a few functional aspects of digital SCM related to automated platforms and traceability as well as the relational elements of the continuous digitized of the supply chain management for the benefit of the companies integrated into the system, of the buyers, and of the general socio-economic climate.

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Lukovics, Miklós, Bence Zuti, Erik Fisher e Béla Kézy. "Autonomous cars and responsible innovation". In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.2.

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Digitalization, a dominant megatrend in today’s global world, offers numerous intriguing technological possibilities. Out of these novelties, self-driving cars have rapidly come to be a primary focus; the literature categorizes them as a radical innovation due to the possibility that the mass adoption of self-driving cars would not only radically change everyday life for members of industrialized societies, but calls into question the infrastructural, legal, and social ordering of towns and numerous aspects of transportation in the societies that adopt them. Meanwhile, the results of several international surveys with large samples show that public opinion of self-driving cars is ambivalent, indicating parallel signals of enthusiasm and concern. The aim of this paper is to develop key components of a general strategy for addressing the societal challenges associated with self-driving cars as identified in international surveys and relevant literature and using the framework of responsible innovation.

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Paciello, R., e M. A. Alves. "Operational Applications and Legal Aspects of the Insertion of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning into the Brazilian Oil and Natural Gas Industry". In Offshore Technology Conference Brasil. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32817-ms.

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Abstract For many decades, the world has not faced a geopolitical scenario as unstable as the current one. From the Covid-19 pandemic to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the oil and gas sector has been through a real economic epic. This conjuncture presents a perfect backdrop for the introduction of strategic changes in the O&G sector. Now in the third decade of the 21st century, it is increasingly unlikely to dissociate the debate on strategic changes from the imminence of technological innovations; and, even more unlikely, to talk about innovations without making an effort to reflect on their developments and impacts. After all, what better force to combat instability than a stable technological horizon? This article, in the meantime, aims to discuss some technical and legal aspects of the introduction of AI - Artificial Intelligence - and ML - Machine Learning - technologies in the oil and gas market. Despite the fact that the insertion of these technologies is still a novelty in the market, some of its repercussions are already perceptible, both from a strategic-structural point of view, i.e., relative to the impacts on the daily operations of the companies that make up the sector, and from the point of view of the business structure of these same companies. Such advances are a wake-up call to monitor the means and conditions under which these technologies will be inserted into the domestic market. To capture these elements in a way that makes it possible to point out trends, it is worth the effort to observe how this insertion has occurred in the international market and, no less important, to analyze how the regulatory frameworks under development in Brazil and the world are prepared to receive these innovations.

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Jurkovič, Miroslav. "Circular Economy as a Determinant of Environmental Behavior and Engagement of Business Subjects in Slovakia". In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-16.

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The paper focuses on the current issue of business and its environmental aspects with regard to the circular economy in the Slovak business environment. As indicators of corporate environmental behavior, companies' approaches to the circular economy, willingness to invest in environmental technologies and implement environmental innovations, and character interactions of companies with the market and competition are defined. One of the approaches that forms the basis of such behavior is the circular economy. The aim of the article is to define the environmental behavior of Slovak companies and their decision-making on the concretization of environmental approaches and strategies in business activity and to identify the areas of concretization of the environmental behavior of Slovak companies operating in various industries and their environmental engagement. It was based on the assumption that Slovak companies show environmental awareness depending on their size, economic strength and the subject of their business. Factor analysis based on the KMO test was used to identify the individual groups of environmental approaches that are applied within the company's business activities, thus verifying the correlation between the variables. The highest intensity of environmental manifestations of business behavior was expected for economically strong companies operating in manufacturing sectors located in the western regions of Slovakia with the highest interaction with customers and partners who take into account the environmental behavior of companies and competitors. An increase in the intensity and a stronger enforcement of environmental behavior in the business activities of Slovak business entities compared to the present will require an increase in the support of the business environment at the macro, meso, and micro levels. Not only high-quality legislation or various support mechanisms in the financial and technological fields, but also continuous information of these business subjects and effective support of science and research are essential.

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Soyu, Esra, Serdar Altınok e Emine Fırat. "Influence of R&D and Innovation on Development in Emerging Markets". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01756.

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The concept of development has been interpreted in different ways from past to present. This concept was discussed previously on economic, social and cultural aspects; but now it has transformed into concepts like human capital, education, health, innovation, technological development and poverty. A country needs producing for development, and it is necessary to increase efficiency for obtaining profits from this production. At this point the inclination to R&D and innovation is increasing. Today, it is experiencing the transition of a new era. This process can be distinguished by technological change resulted from knowledge creation, innovation and R&D. In addition to the production factors, knowledge and technology have become indispensable where the importance is increasing. R&D and innovation are seen as factors which are increasing economic growth, prosperity and quality of life and which provide competitiveness and productivity growth between countries. In this study, R&D and innovation activities are evaluated and their importance are highlighted in the issue of development for emerging markets. The increasing R&D and innovation projects provided that resources are using more effectively and efficiently by contributing to the development of emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of R&D and innovation on development by considering sample emerging markets economies and to make the attention of the scientific community focus on these issues.

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Buitrago García, Hilda Clarena. The Ins and Outs of Colombian Higher Education System. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gclc.37.

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In this critical reading, the importance of learning about some aspects related to the history, evolution, regulations, achievements, and challenges of higher education in Colombia is raised. This knowledge is especially relevant for tertiary education teachers. With this purpose in mind, the beginnings of such an educational system in the colonial period, as well as the transformations and milestones reached during the various historical, political, and economic changes that our country has had, are described. A description of the current state of tertiary education in Colombia is also offered through statistical data. Additionally, the laws, decrees, and resolutions that make up the legal framework, as well as the governmental bodies in charge of regulating its operation and guaranteeing the quality of the programs, are explained. It also examines the role that icts have in innovation processes and the changes and legislation that have arisen because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that, despite its evident evolution, Colombian higher education still faces challenges that require the proposal of pedagogical, technological, and political measures that adjust to the needs of all the agents involved.

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Wiser, Ryan H., Naim R. Darghouth, Ben Hoen, Galen L. Barbose, Joachim Seel, Varun Rai, Ariane Beck et al. Diffusion of Innovations: Interplay of Social, Economic, Technological, and Policy Drivers in the Solar Industry. Summary of UT Austin Student Capstone Research Projects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477405.

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Pazaitis, Alex, Chris Giotitsas, Leandros Savvides e Vasilis Kostakis. Do Patents Spur Innovation for Society? Lessons from 3D Printing. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp7en.

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Effective appropriation of new technology has long been considered essential for innovation. Yet, the role of patents and other Intellectual Property tools has been questioned, both for rewarding innovators and serving societal needs. Simultaneously, there is ample empirical evidence of technological advance accelerating under conditions of loose appropriability, for example, when patents expire and cases of innovations based on shared technology and diverse motivations. This paper explores the case of the 3D printing technology, which appears to have found successful commercialization and dynamic market growth after key patents expired. We analyze the role of commons-based peer production practices in forging synergies among different factors and effectuating an alternative innovation pathway and the challenges and contradictions in the process. Finally, we critically assess recent developments of 3D printing technology and draw lessons for innovation policy by incorporating aspects of emerging commons-based innovation paradigms.

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Shostak, Ray, Martín Alessandro, Peter Diamond, Edgardo Mosqueira e Mariano Lafuente. The Center of Government, Revisited: A Decade of Global Reforms. Inter-American Development Bank, luglio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004994.

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The institutions and units at the Center of Government (CoG) provide managerial direction and coherence to the complex machinery of government to accelerate the delivery of its priority objectives. In recent years, economic, social, political, and technological transformations have reshaped the functions of the CoG, as well as the tools available to CoG practitioners. For example, the acceleration of multidimensional transformations and disruptions--including pandemics, climate hazards, economic crises, technological developments, and global conflicts--has enhanced the value of anticipatory governance and foresight, cross-ministerial planning and policy design, and real-time performance monitoring and intervention. This publication takes stock of these and other innovations, based on learnings from a decade of reforms, globally and in Latin America and the Caribbean. It presents both an updated conceptual understanding of the work of the CoG and a set of specific routines, instruments, and step-by-step actions that should be considered in the process of strengthening the CoG capacity. It also includes an assessment tool to guide practitioners in identifying the key CoG functions and activities most in need of development or enhancement in their specific context.

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Martínez-Ventura, Constanza, Julián A. Parra-Polania, Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez e Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar. Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail CBDC. Banco de la República, agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1247.

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This document reviews the potential macroeconomic effects of issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) for the use of individuals and businesses. A careful selection of the architecture, and the economic and technological design aspects of this digital form of central bank money that best suit the needs of Colombian economy is made to frame the analytical approach used to study these issues. The most salient results of the related literature are reviewed to establish the consequences of undertaking this initiative. For the set of selected assumptions, we find that the expected macroeconomic consequences are negligible.

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Giacometti, Alberto, Mari Wøien Meijer e Hilma Salonen. Who drives green innovation in the Nordic Region? A change agency and systems perspective. Nordregio, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:101403-2503.

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In addressing the critical challenge of systemic sustainability, this report explores the need for more than a one-size-fits-all approach in the Nordic Region. It investigates the role of change agency processes and the impact of policies and framework conditions on green transition changes in business sectors. Our two case studies reveal some of the bottlenecks and drivers of innovation and explore them from a systemic perspective and in different geographic scales, both from a place-based and place-less perspective. The methodology adopted in the report is comprehensive, including a deep dive into the evolution of innovation theory and policy, following by an in-depth analysis of green innovation in two sectoral developments, including multi-storey wood construction and the so-called ‘protein shift’. It examines the roles of different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and communities, in fostering an environment conducive to systemic change. The report relies on the academic and policy evolution of innovation theory and practice, identifying, what is argued to be, an emerging generation of innovation policies focused not only on economic but also on societal and environmental goals, which has generated a heated debate. To add nuance to this debate, our report utilised sector-based case studies relying on expert interviews to shed light on the roles of different agents in producing, not only technological but systems innovation. Against the background of systems innovations theory, this study provides some insights into the relevance of place, and proximity – not just geographic, but cognitive, institutional, organisational and social proximity. regional innovation landscape. Key findings reveal that systemic green innovations in the Nordic region happen as a result of the sum of multiple actors intentionally and unintentionally driving change in place-based and place-less settings. Several obstacles hinder setting a clear direction to innovation and path creation as these barriers are deeply entrenched in governance complexities, social institutions, and place-based industrial and structural path dependencies. Disrupting technological and systems ‘lock-ins’, is therefore, not the role of single agents but the result of multiple ones acting on a place-based or technology-based setting, and requires enhanced policy frameworks, and entrepreneurial public institutions moving beyond setting the ‘rules-of-the-game’ to actively orchestrating action, mobilising stakeholders and facilitating co-operation. The report emphasizes the significance of knowledge exchange and the creation of trust-based networks to accelerate the adoption of green innovations. It concludes by demonstrating that different green innovations develop under very different conditions and processes.

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Acevedo, Sebastián, e Nicolás Dassen. Innovation for Better Management: The Contribution of Public Innovation Labs. Inter-American Development Bank, settembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010661.

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The technological, economic, and social changes of recent years have required governments to adapt to new challenges and growing demands from civil society. In many countries, and at different levels of government, this has led to the creation of innovation labs that aim to promote policy innovation in diverse ways. This paper analyzes the roles of innovation labs in Latin America, examines their challenges, and compares them to best practices and characteristics that current literature associates with higher levels of innovation in the public sector and in other organizations. Based on a survey of lab directors and the undertaking of two case studies, this paper describes the scope of innovation labs in Latin America and discusses the challenges they face to (i) work on central issues, (ii) achieve the adoption and scale up of their innovations, and (iii) ensure their sustainability. There are four key factors that determine the success of innovation labs in overcoming these challenges: two of these are of a political and institutional nature, namely leadership support and policy networks, while the other two relate to lab methodologies, namely the technical adaptation of their innovations and the building of a shared meaning. Additionally, two major differences have been identified between the innovation labs discussed herein and those of other regions, as described by the existing literature: a greater focus on issues of open government and less rigorous testing of their innovations, such as randomized experimentation and impact evaluation. Lastly, this study provides the relevant conclusions and recommendations on how to establish innovation labs as effective channels to manage innovation in government, along with its in-herent risks, and modernize public administration.

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Gonchigdorj, Ariunkhishig, Frederika Warren, Akanksha Bapna, Namrata Sharma, Arnaldo Pellini e Crystal Green. Spotlight on EdTech: Bangladesh. HundrED, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58261/misf7076.

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Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in achieving over 90% primary enrollment with significantly improved gender parity. Its focus has now shifted from universal primary education towards the quality of education and improvements in teaching outcomes. In order to meet this goal, the government has turned to the merits that EdTech can offer and is implementing a blended learning approach that integrates both digital and physical elements, and balances creative and logical aspects to strengthen its progress and address Bangladesh’s current educational challenges. In partnership with EdTech Hub, this Spotlight contributes to identifying EdTech innovations that have a great potential to be scaled and are being impactfully implemented in the context of Bangladesh and beyond, to directly address and support the learning needs of children, as well as supporting education stakeholders such as educators, parents, and communities coming from varying social and economic backgrounds. We sought a range of hi- to low-tech solutions, encompassing everything from SMS-based technologies and game-based learning to school management systems. These innovations target various educational stakeholders, including teachers, students, and administrators. This Spotlight also demonstrates how private and public sector players fit in the EdTech innovation ecosystem.

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Sáenz-Arce, Pedro. Knowledge Enhancement in the Small Economies of Central America: Reflections on Building a Strategic Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008628.

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This document advocates better mechanisms for ongoing learning and better access to knowledge in small economies. Its objective is to raise awareness about two issues related to science and technology projects that are relevant for the small economies of Central America, namely that: (1) there are insufficient knowledge-based innovations to support rapid economic growth; and (2) the size of the investments in technologies appropriate for the poor are too meager to be effective in enhancing the opportunities and capabilities available to disadvantaged groups. The paper takes the position that understanding these issues will allow greater emphases in certain aspects of science and technology project design. Moreover, greater attention to these issues contribute to the institutional objectives of the Bank such as competitiveness and poverty reduction.

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Cachalia, Firoz, e Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.

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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.

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