Articoli di riviste: "Techno-Economical assessment"

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Tantawy, Elham M., Ebrahim A. Badran e Mansour H. Abdel-Rahman. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Voltage Sags Mitigation in Distribution System Connected to DGs". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (4 agosto 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8795100.

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The penetration of DG in electrical distribution systems has many benefits. The paper highlights the impact of DG penetration at different load centers and different operating conditions in a distribution feeder. The impact of DG penetration on feeder voltage profile that depends on the size and location of DG in the system is illustrated. Mitigating methods are used to reduce the effect of voltage disturbances. Economic assessment studies are used for assisting in the economic choice of mitigating methods. Economical aspects of distribution systems connected to DGs are considered through the analysis of the life cycle cost of these distribution generation sources. Maintenance strategies are illustrated and discussed to keep these sources always ready for operation regarding minimization of maintenance cost. Technical and economical assessments depend on the availability of historical data for disturbances cost including damages and cost of disturbance mitigation using different mitigation methods. These data are difficult to be available for different types of loads. Therefore, load indices, K1, K2, and K3, are proposed in this paper for the different loads as referring it to reference load has available data to overcome the challenge of data shortage. Also, a techno-economic assessment index F is proposed for the assessment of the impact of mitigating device improving cost and its feasibility. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software package is used in this analysis. The results show that the proposed techno-economic assessment methodology facilitates the decision of choosing the mitigation method for power quality problems and to overcome the challenge of data shortage in the techno-economic assessment.

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Blanco, J., S. Malato, B. Milow, M. I. Maldonado, H. Fallmann, T. Krutzler e R. Bauer. "Techno-economical assessment of solar detoxification systems with compound parabolic collectors". Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR3 (marzo 1999): Pr3–259—Pr3–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999339.

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Maghouli, Pouria, Alireza Soroudi e Andrew Keane. "Robust computational framework for mid-term techno-economical assessment of energy storage". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, n. 3 (18 febbraio 2016): 822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0453.

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Campisi, Giovanni, Alessandro Cosenza, Francesco Giacalone, Serena Randazzo, Alessandro Tamburini e Giorgio Micale. "Desalination of oilfield produced waters via reverse electrodialysis: A techno-economical assessment". Desalination 548 (febbraio 2023): 116289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.116289.

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Bastos, Pedro D. A., Maria António Santos, Pedro Jorge Carvalho, Svetlozar Velizarov e João G. Crespo. "Pilot scale reverse osmosis refinery wastewater treatment – a techno-economical and sustainability assessment". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, n. 3 (2021): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00936a.

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Technologies for wastewater reclamation and water reuse within oil refineries have been gaining particular attention over the past decade due to legislative pressures associated with the efficient use of water resources and wastewater discharge.

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Savla, Nishit, Suman, Soumya Pandit, Jay Prakash Verma, Abhishek Kumar Awasthi, Siva Sankar Sana e Ram Prasad. "Techno-economical evaluation and life cycle assessment of microbial electrochemical systems: A review". Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 4 (2021): 100111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100111.

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Kazem, Hussein A., e Tamer Khatib. "Techno-economical assessment of grid connected photovoltaic power systems productivity in Sohar, Oman". Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 3 (settembre 2013): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2013.06.002.

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Al-Waeli, Ali H. A., K. Sopian, Hussein A. Kazem e Miqdam T. Chaichan. "Nanofluid based grid connected PV/T systems in Malaysia: A techno-economical assessment". Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 28 (agosto 2018): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.06.017.

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Ferreira, Jéssica, Matheus Quintão Braga, Rafael Carvalho Nogueira da Gama, Iara Barbosa Magalhães, Bianca Barros Marangon, Jackeline de Siqueira Castro, Juliana Ferreira Lorentz et al. "Carotenoids from wastewater-grown microalgae biomass: Life cycle assessment and techno-economical analysis". Journal of Cleaner Production 434 (gennaio 2024): 140526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140526.

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Muresan, Mirela, Calin-Cristian Cormos e Paul-Serban Agachi. "Techno-economical assessment of coal and biomass gasification-based hydrogen production supply chain system". Chemical Engineering Research and Design 91, n. 8 (agosto 2013): 1527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.02.018.

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Kazmaier, Markus, Tessa T. Taefi e Tim Hettesheimer. "Techno-Economical and Ecological Potential of Electric Scooters: A Life Cycle Analysis". European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 20, n. 4 (10 novembre 2020): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2020.20.4.4912.

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In Germany, mobility is currently in a state of flux. Since June 2019, electric kick scooters (e-scooters) have been permitted on the roads, and this market is booming. This study employs a user survey to generate new data, supplemented by expert interviews to determine whether such e-scooters are a climate-friendly means of transport. The environmental impacts are quantified using a life cycle assessment. This results in a very accurate picture of e-scooters in Germany. The global warming potential of an e-scooter calculated in this study is 165 g CO2-eq./km, mostly due to material and production (that together account for 73% of the impact). By switching to e-scooters where the battery is swapped, the global warming potential can be reduced by 12%. The lowest value of 46 g CO2-eq./km is reached if all possibilities are exploited and the life span of e-scooters is increased to 15 months. Comparing these emissions with those of the replaced modal split, e-scooters are at best 8% above the modal split value of 39 g CO2-eq./km.

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Nahim-Granados, Samira, Gracia Rivas-Ibáñez, José Antonio Sánchez Pérez, Isabel Oller, Sixto Malato e María Inmaculada Polo-López. "Fresh-cut wastewater reclamation: Techno-Economical assessment of solar driven processes at pilot plant scale". Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 278 (dicembre 2020): 119334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119334.

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Lepage, Thibaut, Maroua Kammoun, Quentin Schmetz e Aurore Richel. "Biomass-to-hydrogen: A review of main routes production, processes evaluation and techno-economical assessment". Biomass and Bioenergy 144 (gennaio 2021): 105920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105920.

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Martínez, F., R. Molina, I. Rodríguez, M. I. Pariente, Y. Segura e J. A. Melero. "Techno-economical assessment of coupling Fenton/biological processes for the treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater". Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, n. 1 (febbraio 2018): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.008.

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Zeinoddini-Meymand, Hamed, e Behrooz Vahidi. "Techno-economical lifetime assessment of power transformers rated over 50 MVA using artificial intelligence models". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, n. 15 (17 novembre 2016): 3885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0480.

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Peña Sánchez, Edgar Ubaldo, Severin David Ryberg, Heidi Ursula Heinrichs, Detlef Stolten e Martin Robinius. "The Potential of Variable Renewable Energy Sources in Mexico: A Temporally Evaluated and Geospatially Constrained Techno-Economical Assessment". Energies 14, n. 18 (14 settembre 2021): 5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185779.

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Due to the increasing global importance of decarbonizing human activities, especially the production of electricity, the optimal deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in future energy systems. To accomplish this, particular attention must be accorded to the geospatial and temporal distribution of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as wind and solar radiation, in order to match electricity supply and demand. This study presents a techno-economical assessment of four energy technologies in the hypothetical context of Mexico in 2050, namely: onshore and offshore wind turbines and open-field and rooftop photovoltaics. A land eligibility analysis incorporating physical, environmental, and sociopolitical eligibility constraints and individual turbine and photovoltaic park simulations, drawing on 39 years of climate data, is performed for individual sites across the country in an effort to determine the installable potential and the associated levelized costs of electricity. The results reveal that up to 54 PWh of renewable electricity can be produced at a levelized cost of electricity of less than 70 EUR·MWh−1. Around 91% (49 PWh) of this electricity would originate from 23 TW of open-field photovoltaic parks that could occupy up to 578,000 km2 of eligible land across the country. The remaining 9% (4.8 PWh) could be produced by 1.9 TW of onshore wind installations allocated to approximately 68,500 km2 of eligible land that is almost fully adjacent to three mountainous zones. The combination of rooftop photovoltaic and offshore wind turbines accounts for a very small share of less than 0.03% of the overall techno-economical potential.

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Rezaei, Mahdi, Barat Ghobadian, Seyed Hashem Samadi e Samira Karimi. "Electric power generation from municipal solid waste: A techno-economical assessment under different scenarios in Iran". Energy 152 (giugno 2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.109.

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Arungalai Vendan, S., S. Manoharan, G. Buvanashekaran e C. Nagamani. "Strength assessment using destructive testing on MIAB welded alloy steel tubes and subsequent techno-economical evaluation". Journal of Manufacturing Processes 14, n. 3 (agosto 2012): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2011.12.001.

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Ozturk, H. Huseyin. "A techno-economical evaluation for energy exploitation of wastes from agro-processing industries: a case study of cotton processing wastes". World Journal of Engineering 12, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2015): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.1.61.

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The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining energy from cotton processing waste oil and heating demand in the cotton oil processing. For the techno-economical feasibility, Cukobirlik cotton union, located in Adana, Turkey was selected considering capacity per annum. The techno-economical feasibility of cotton processing wastes for fossil fuel substitution running three scenarios was examined. The case study constitutes of the following parts, background information and description of the company activities, the existing facilities and its energy requirements, the second the technical options for the exploitation of biomass and the results of their financial appraisal, environmental considerations, risks and assumptions and finally conclusions and recommendations. The economic and financial assessment of the investment for biomass utilization in Cukobirlik cotton union includes the calculation of the economic viability parameters and cash flow analysis table and investment return indices. An economical solution was determined to be scenario 2 for Cukurova cotton union. The values of discounted payback period, net present value, internal rate of return and benefit to cost ratio were calculated as 3.28 years, 2 832 421 €, 34.07% and 3.31 for scenario 2. Based on the results of the pre-feasibility study, it seems that the installation of a 5 MW biomass boiler to Cukobirlik for substitution of fuel oil (scenario 2) is a very attractive investment and is still favorite in comparison with the installation of a natural gas boiler to meet the same needs when the natural gas price is higher than 0.37 €/Nm3.

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Nematollahi, Omid, Pouria Alamdari, Mehdi Jahangiri, Ahmad Sedaghat e Ali Akbar Alemrajabi. "A techno-economical assessment of solar/wind resources and hydrogen production: A case study with GIS maps". Energy 175 (maggio 2019): 914–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.125.

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Panda, Asutosh, Sudhansu Ranjan Das e Debabrata Dhupal. "Machinability Investigation of HSLA Steel in Hard Turning with Coated Ceramic Tool: Assessment, Modeling, Optimization and Economic Aspects". Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 18, n. 04 (19 novembre 2019): 625–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686719500331.

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The present study addresses the machinability investigation in finish dry hard turning of high strength low alloy steel with coated ceramic tool by considering cutting speed, feed and depth of cut as machining parameters. The technological parameters like surface roughness, flank wear, chip morphology and economical feasibility have been considered to investigate the machinability performances. Twenty seven set of trials according to full factorial design of experiments are performed and analysis of variance, multiple regression method, Taguchi method, desirability function approach and finally Gilbert’s approach are subsequently applied for parametric influence study, mathematical modeling, multi-response optimization, tool life estimation and economic analysis. Results indicated that feed and cutting speed are the most significant controlled as well as dominant factors for hard turning operation if the minimization of the machined surface roughness and tool flank wear is considered. Abrasions, adhesion followed by plastic deformation have been observed to be the principal wear mechanism for tool life estimation and observed tool life for coated ceramic insert is 47[Formula: see text]min under optimum cutting conditions. The total machining cost per part is ensued to be lower ($0.29 only) as a consequence of higher tool life, reduction in downtime and enhancement in savings, which finds economical benefits in hard turning. The current work demonstrates the substitution of conventional, expensive and slow cylindrical grinding process, and proposes the most expensive CBN tool alternative using coated ceramic tools in hard turning process considering techno-economical and ecological aspects.

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Hussain, Fida, M. Ashfaq Ahmad, Saeed Badshah, Rizwan Raza, M. Ajmal Khan, Saleem Mumtaz, Saad Dilshad, Raja Ali Riaz, M. Jafar Hussain e Ghazanfar Abbas. "A modeling approach for low-temperature SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power systems". International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, n. 04 (10 febbraio 2019): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500012.

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The world’s challenge is to determine a more efficient, economical and environmental-friendly energy source to compete and replace the ongoing conventional energy resources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) provide a highly efficient system to use divergent energy resources and have proved to provide the cleanest energy, least energy use, and lowest emissions. A techno-economic study is required to investigate the model design for SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power (m-CHP) systems for applications in terms of educational and commercial buildings. This work models and explores the optimized application of hydrogen gas-fueled SOFC-based m-CHP systems in educational buildings. Two educational departments’ loads are presented and model of SOFC-based m-CHP system against the different electric power demands is performed, in order to provide a techno-economic assessment of the technology. For successful development of the technology, results are related to system rightsizing, operating strategies, thermal to electric ratios, and match between end-use, with an aim towards classifying the overall feasibility and essential application requirements.

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Idriss, Abdoulkader Ibrahim, Ramadan Ali Ahmed, Hamda Abdi Atteyeh, Abdou Idris Omar e Tahir Cetin Akinci. "Techno-economic assessment and wind energy potential of Nagad in Djibouti". International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, n. 1 (1 marzo 2024): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i1.pp91-101.

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The use of small scaled horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines in urban installation is increasing over the world. However, in Djibouti, the latter is still in the development phase. The paper presents a techno-economical analysis and wind energy potential for the period of five years (2015-2019) in Nagad based on actual measured wind speed data collected every 10 min at 10 m height. The energy pattern factor method has been used to estimate the Weibull parameters. With this method, the mathematical complexity is reduced with a minimization of the error at any heights and locations when calculating the wind power density. At 50 m height, the shape parameter showed a small variation for different periods. The scale parameter values of 7.78 m/s and 4.8 m/s were obtained in the hot and cold seasons, respectively. The results showed that the Nagad site is suitable for wind power development. According to the economic viability, RX30, Vestas V20, Enercon, Nordex N27, and Vestas V44 wind turbines are recommended for the Nagad site due to their low energy price ranging from 0.05$/kWh to 0.31$/kWh. This is 2-6 times cheaper than the average local tariff of electricity in Djibouti.

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Prabowo, Bayu, Fidelis Stefanus Hubertson Simanjuntak, Zaki S. Saldi, Yudi Samyudia e Ida Juda Widjojo. "Assessment of Waste to Energy Technology in Indonesia: A Techno-economical Perspective on a 1000 ton/day Scenario". International Journal of Technology 10, n. 6 (25 novembre 2019): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i6.3607.

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Al-Waeli, Ali H. A., Hussein A. Kazem, K. Sopian e Miqdam T. Chaichan. "Techno-economical assessment of grid connected PV/T using nanoparticles and water as base-fluid systems in Malaysia". International Journal of Sustainable Energy 37, n. 6 (8 maggio 2017): 558–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2017.1323900.

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Bonfanti, Mauro, e Giuseppe Giorgi. "Improving Computational Efficiency in WEC Design: Spectral-Domain Modelling in Techno-Economic Optimization". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n. 10 (10 ottobre 2022): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101468.

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Wave energy converter (WEC) optimization often underlines incremental and iterative approaches that result in suboptimal solutions, since all the elements that concur with a techno-economical evaluation are optimized separately due to computation constraints. A design process should rely on precise WEC models to ensure high result accuracy while minimizing the computational demand. These conflicting objectives can be addressed with non-linear time-domain models, known to be numerically accurate, and frequency-domain models due to their high computational efficiency. This work pursues the development of an all-encompassing optimization tool for a gyroscopic-type WEC called ISWEC that applies a new modelling technique named spectral-domain technique as a substitution to the complex time-domain model previously employed. In particular, the spectral-domain technique provides accurate and fast performance predictions of the ISWEC system and offers the possibility to model a hydraulic power take-off, not representable in the frequency domain. The article illustrates techno-economic trends associated with an early-stage design of the ISWEC in high-energy sea-sites, where the low-speed and high-torque profiles call for the use of hydraulic transmissions as opposed to the old electro-mechanical transmissions. The design tool proposed could facilitate the development of WEC technologies via efficient and accurate power assessment and via the possibility of carrying out advanced techno-economic optimisation that goes beyond linear models.

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Guerrero, Guillem, e Alba Ramos. "Techno-economic assessment of solar technologies to meet hospitals energy needs". International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 12, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v12.i2.pp162-178.

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<span lang="EN-US">Hospitals present one of the highest energy consumptions per surface unit, meaning that on-site renewable energy generation and energy efficiency improvements are key to lower hospitals energy demand, external energy dependence and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In this work, the feasibility from the techno-economical point of view of the installation of three solar-based energy generating technologies in hospitals in different climate locations in Europe is addressed. The potential of solar energy technologies to cover the energy needs of the hospitals under study is conducted proposing a novel design and sizing optimization methodology for on-roof installations. The profitability of the different solar-based installations will vary depending on the solar technology output (electrical, thermal or both) and on the type of energy needs of the hospital; but in all cases, profitability is mostly influenced by the price of the current energy source supplying the hospital energy needs. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) values for on-roof photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal (ST), and photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) installations obtained are in the range of <br /> 0.028-0.056, 0.051-0.096, and 0.053-0.128 €/kWh, respectively; for locations in latitudes from 37 N (Seville) to 60 N (Oslo) in Europe. Results from this work aim to serve as reference for similar studies in a wide range <br /> of climates.</span>

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Jahangiri, Mehdi, Omid Nematollahi, Ahmad Sedaghat e Mohsen Saghafian. "Techno-economical assessment of renewable energies integrated with fuel cell for off grid electrification: A case study for developing countries". Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 7, n. 2 (marzo 2015): 023123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918592.

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de la Torre, I., M. Ladero e V. E. Santos. "Production of d-lactic acid by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii from orange peel waste: techno-economical assessment of nitrogen sources". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, n. 24 (15 ottobre 2018): 10511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9432-4.

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Turan, Ayşenur, Mehmet Kobya, Cisel Iskurt, Erhan Gengec e Alireza Khataee. "A techno-economical assessment of treatment by coagulation-flocculation with aluminum and iron-bases coagulants of landfill leachate membrane concentrates". Chemosphere 314 (febbraio 2023): 137750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137750.

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Raimondi, Giulio, Gianluca Greco, Michele Ongis, Gabriele D’Antuono, Davide Lanni e Giuseppe Spazzafumo. "Techno-Economical Assessment for Combined Production of Hydrogen, Heat, and Power from Residual Lignocellulosic Agricultural Biomass in Huesca Province (Spain)". Energies 17, n. 4 (8 febbraio 2024): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040813.

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Nowadays, great emphasis is rightly given in the scientific community to hydrogen production from electrolysis. However, to achieve the politically stated target ambitions, all low-carbon sources for hydrogen production must be considered. The present work proposes a local production system of negative carbon hydrogen from lignocellulosic residual biomass using gasification and gas separation through H2-selective membranes as enabling technologies. The feedstock is pruning. In addition, the system produces heat and power for a Renewable Energy Community (REC) to increase the economic feasibility of hydrogen production via their sale. A modular basic plant is sized, based on a simplified system envisaged for RECs under the current regulatory framework in Spain (electrical renewable output of 100 kW). A network of these modular basic plants in the province of Huesca (Aragón) is simulated to create a system of hydrogen refueling stations for mobility in that area. A Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) is proposed, comprehending the whole production chain from “field to tank”, which is significant in areas where there is no infrastructure for the production and distribution of hydrogen for automotive purposes. The resulting LCOH for the whole system is 8.90 EUR/kg. Sensitivity analysis potentially values a lower LCOH, which unveils that hydrogen mobility can be largely competitive with diesel one.

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Intan Shafinas Muhammad, Noor, e Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Economic Assessment of Bioethanol Recovery Using Membrane Distillation for Food Waste Fermentation". Bioengineering 7, n. 1 (11 febbraio 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7010015.

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Ethanol is a material that has a high demand from different industries such as fuel, beverages, and other industrial applications. Commonly, ethanol has been produced from yeast fermentation using sugar crops as a feedstock. However, food waste (FW) was found to be one of the promising resources to produce ethanol because it contained a higher amount of glucose. Generally, column distillation has been used to separate ethanol from the fermentation broth, but this operation is considered an energy-intensive process. On the contrary, membrane distillation is expected to be more practical and cost-effective because of its lower energy requirement. Therefore, this study aims to make a comparison of economic performance on FW fermentation with membrane distillation and a conventional distillation system using techno-economy analysis (TEA) method. A commercial-scale FW fermentation plant was modeled using SuperPro Designer V9.0 Modeling. Discounted cash flow analysis was employed to determine ethanol minimum selling price (MSP) for both distillation systems at 10% of the internal rate of return. Results from this analysis showed that membrane distillation has a higher MSP than a conventional process, $6.24 and $2.41 per gallon ($1.65 and $0.64 per liter) respectively. Hence, this study found that membrane distillation is not economical to be implemented in commercial-scale ethanol production.

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Aïssa, Brahim, Rima J. Isaifan, Benjamin W. Figgis, Amir A. Abdallah, Dunia Bachour, Daniel Perez-Astudillo, Antonio Sanfilippo, Juan Lopez-Garcia e Veronica Bermudez Benito. "A Comprehensive Review of a Decade of Field PV Soiling Assessment in QEERI’s Outdoor Test Facility in Qatar: Learned Lessons and Recommendations". Energies 16, n. 13 (7 luglio 2023): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135224.

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Soiling of photovoltaic (PV) modules is a major issue due to its critical impact on PV performance and reliability, especially in the desert and arid regions such as the state of Qatar. Soiling frequently results in a severe reduction in PV power generation, which drastically affects the economical profitability of the PV plant, and therefore, must be mitigated. The most common way of mitigating PV soiling is surface cleaning. However, the latter could consequently increase the associated operation and maintenance (O&M) cost of the PV site. However, previous studies indicated that even if the best-optimized cleaning schemes are used, the actual global solar-power production can still be reduced by about 4%, which is associated with at least EUR 5 billion in annual revenue losses worldwide. This loss is expected to reach a conservative value of EUR 7 billion in 2023. Accordingly, investigating the interplayed physics phenomena related to the various soiling processes, the site-specific O&M costs, along with a techno-economical assessment of state-of-the-art soiling mitigation strategies (including innovative anti-soiling coating materials) is of paramount importance. The goal of this comprehensive report is to provide the solar community at large, and those focusing on the desert environment in particular, with real field measurements that provide key findings and challenges in addressing soiling research obtained from multiyear testing at the Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) field station, located in the desert environment of the city of Doha, in the state of Qatar.

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Salinas-Herrera, Fernando, Ali Moeini e Innocent Kamwa. "Survey of Simulation Tools to Assess Techno-Economic Benefits of Smart Grid Technology in Integrated T&D Systems". Sustainability 14, n. 13 (2 luglio 2022): 8108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138108.

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In order to succeed in the energy transition, the power system must become more flexible in order to enable the economical hosting of more intermittent distributed energy resources (DER) and smart grid technologies. New technical solutions, generally based on the connection of various components coupled to the power system via smart power electronic converters or through ICT, can help to take up these challenges. Such innovations (e.g., decarbonization technologies and smart grids) may reduce the costs of future power systems and the environmental footprint. In this regard, the techno-economic assessment of smart grid technologies is a matter of interest, especially in the urge to develop more credible options for deep decarbonization pathways over the long term. This work presents a literature survey of existing simulation tools to assess the techno-economic benefits of smart grid technologies in integrated T&D systems. We include the state-of-the-art tools and categorize them in their multiple aspects, cover smart grid technology, approach methods, and research topics, and include (or complete) the analysis with other dimensions (smart-grid related) of key interest for future power systems analysis such as environmental considerations, techno-economic aspects (social welfare), spatial scope, time resolution (granularity), and temporal scope, among others. We surveyed more than 40 publications, and 36 approaches were identified for the analysis of integrated T&D systems. As a relatively new research area, there are various promising candidates to properly simulate integrated T&D systems. Nevertheless, there is not yet a consensus on a specific framework that should be adopted by researchers in academia and industry. Moreover, as the power system is evolving rapidly towards a smart grid system, novel technologies and flexibility solutions are still under study to be integrated on a large scale. This review aims to offer new criteria for researchers in terms of smart-grid related dimensions and the state-of-the-art trending of simulation tools that holistically evaluate techno-economic aspects of the future power systems in an integrated T&D systems environment. As an imperative research matter for future energy systems, this article seeks to contribute to the discussion of which pathway the scientific community should focus on for a successful shift towards decarbonized energy systems.

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Choi, Younghun, Takuro Kobashi, Yoshiki Yamagata e Akito Murayama. "Assessment of Waterfront Office Redevelopment Plan on Optimal Building Arrangements with Rooftop Photovoltaics: A Case Study for Shinagawa, Tokyo". Energies 15, n. 3 (26 gennaio 2022): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030883.

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Designing waterfront redevelopment generally focuses on attractiveness, leisure, and beauty, resulting in various types of building and block shapes with limited considerations on environmental aspects. However, increasing climate change impacts necessitate these buildings to be sustainable, resilient, and zero CO2 emissions. By producing five scenarios (plus existing buildings) with constant floor areas, we investigated how buildings and district forms with building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) affect energy consumption and production, self-sufficiency, CO2 emission, and energy costs in the context of waterfront redevelopment in Tokyo. From estimated hourly electricity demands of the buildings, techno-economic analyses were conducted for rooftop PV systems for 2018 and 2030 with declining costs of rooftop PV systems. We found that environmental building designs with rooftop PV system are increasingly economical in Tokyo with CO2 emission reduction of 2–9% that depends on rooftop sizes. Payback periods drop from 14 years in 2018 to 6 years in 2030. Toward net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, immediate actions are necessary to install rooftop PVs on existing and new buildings with energy efficiency improvements by construction industry and building owners. To facilitate such actions, national and local governments need to adopt appropriate policies.

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Wang, Yudong, e Xiao-Dong Zhou. "(Invited) Electro-Conversion of CO₂ – a Technical and Economical Comparison between High Temperature and Low Temperature Processes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n. 58 (9 ottobre 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02582189mtgabs.

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The booming technologies for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 aim to offer a carbon-neutral approach for industrial activities. The major greenhouse gas, CO2, can be reduced electrochemically with a low-carbon energy source in a highly effective manner. In this talk, we will provide a thorough technical and economical comparison between high temperature and low temperature processes. The thermodynamics of CO2 splitting, which is highly temperature-dependent, determines the energy requirement for the technologies. The development of polymer electrolyte membranes enables the low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction in an aqueous system into various high-value products. High-temperature CO2 electrolysis based on solid oxide cells or molten carbonate cells reduces electricity cost and can be highly effective for CO production. Techno-economic assessment of these electrolysis techniques offers a comprehensive understanding on balancing efficiencies, economic cost and environmental benefits. The milestones on the materials/system development are proposed for high efficiency, low cost, high-value products and less negative environmental effects to move CO2 electrolysis technologies toward commercialization.

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Haidl, Buchroithner, Schweighofer, Bader e Wegleiter. "Lifetime Analysis of Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation". Sustainability 11, n. 23 (27 novembre 2019): 6731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236731.

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On the path to a low-carbon future, advancements in energy storage seem to be achieved on a nearly daily basis. However, for the use-case of sustainable transportation, only a handful of technologies can be considered, as these technologies must be reliable, economical, and suitable for transportation applications. This paper describes the characteristics and aging process of two well-established and commercially available technologies, namely Lithium-Ion batteries and supercaps, and one less known system, flywheel energy storage, in the context of public transit buses. Beyond the obvious use-case of onboard energy storage, stationary buffer storage inside the required fast-charging stations for the electric vehicles is also discussed. Calculations and considerations are based on actual zero-emission buses operating in Graz, Austria. The main influencing parameters and effects related to energy storage aging are analyzed in detail.Based on the discussed aging behavior, advantages, disadvantages, and a techno-economic analysis for both use-cases is presented. A final suitability assessment of each energy storage technology concludes the use-case analysis.

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Pandey, Ramsharan, Nurun Nahar, Scott W. Pryor e Ghasideh Pourhashem. "Cost and Environmental Benefits of Using Pelleted Corn Stover for Bioethanol Production". Energies 14, n. 9 (28 aprile 2021): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092528.

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While the production costs and logistical benefits of biomass pelleting have been widely discussed in the literature, the downstream economic and environmental benefits of processing pelleted biomass have been largely neglected. To investigate those benefits, we performed a comparative techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of producing ethanol using loose and pelleted forms of biomass. Analyses of a 2000 metric tons (dry)/d biorefinery showed that using pelleted biomass is more economical than using loose or baled biomass. The lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) for pelleted biomass was USD 0.58/gal less than the lowest MESP for loose biomass. Among all processing conditions analyzed, MESP for ethanol produced with pelleted biomass was always lower than when produced with loose biomass. Shorter pretreatment and hydrolysis times, higher pretreatment solids loadings, lower ammonia requirements, and reduced enzyme loadings were the primary factors contributing to lower MESP with pelleted biomass. Similarly, pelleted biomass also demonstrated a 50% lower life cycle greenhouse gas emission compared to loose biomass. Emissions from higher pelleting energy were offset by downstream advantage in lower chemical needs.

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Sanjel, Nawaraj, e Bivek Baral. "Modelling and analysis of decentralized energy systems with photovoltaic, micro-hydro, battery and diesel technology for remote areas of Nepal". Clean Energy 5, n. 4 (22 ottobre 2021): 690–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab042.

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Abstract Remote areas of Nepal suffer from limited or no access to electricity. Providing electricity access in remote areas is one of the foremost challenges of any developing country. The purpose of this study is to develop and propose a reliable and low-cost model for electrification. The study presents an optimized choice between decentralized renewable-energy systems and grid expansion. Opting for an analytical method for the modelling and analysis of electrification options based on life-cycle cost (LCC) and economic distance limit, each energy system for varied load conditions is compared for a better option. A framework for energy-system selection based on available resources is proposed. It compares the grid-expansion option with potential isolated renewable-energy systems to ensure energy access to the area under consideration. Additionally, off-grid configurations that rely on renewable energy sources are also considered for the necessity of backup supply to ensure continuous power to the research area. Techno-economic assessment is carried out for different off-grid and hybrid configurations proposed in this study and their feasibility checks are carefully examined. Commercial efficacy of the proposed hybrid energy systems is assessed by comparing the life cycle and energy cost and by performing different additional sensitivity analyses. The study concludes that reduced generation cost supports the increasing penetration of electrification. The LCC for grid expansion is the most economical under high-load conditions, whereas for the isolated and sparsely settled populations with low-load conditions, photovoltaic power backed up with a diesel generator is the most economical.

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Balaguru, Varadharajan Sankaralingam Sriraja, Nesamony Jothi Swaroopan, Kannadasan Raju, Mohammed H. Alsharif e Mun-Kyeom Kim. "Techno-Economic Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Selected Sites with Uncertainty Factors". Sustainability 13, n. 4 (18 febbraio 2021): 2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042182.

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This work demonstrates a techno-economical assessment of wind energy potential for four passes of Tamil Nadu (Aralvaimozhi, Shencottah, Palghat, and Cumbum) with uncertainty factors. First, a potential assessment was carried out with time-series data, and the Weibull parameters, such as c (scale) and k (shape), were determined using the modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MEERA) data set. Using these parameters, the mean speed, most probable speed, power density, maximum energy-carrying speed of wind power were determined. From the analysis, it was observed that all four passes had better wind parameters; notably, the Aralvaimozhi pass attained a better range of about 6.563 m/s (mean wind speed), 226 W/m2 (wind power density), 6.403 m/s (most probable wind speed), and 8.699 m/s (max wind speed). Further, uncertainty factors, such as the probability of exceedance (PoE), wind shear co-efficient (WSC), surface roughness, and wake loss effect (WLE), were evaluated. The value of PoE was found to be within the bound for all the locations, i.e., below 15%. In addition, the ranged of WSC showed a good trend between 0.05 and 0.5. Moreover, the surface length of the passes was evaluated and recorded to be 0.0024 m with a 73% energy index. Further, output power, annual energy production (AEP), capacity factor (CF), and cost of wind energy of all four passes were computed using different wind turbine ratings in two cases, i.e., with and without WLE. It was observed that there was a huge profit in loss from all the four locations due to WLE that was estimated to be Rupees (Rs.) 10.07 crores without considering interest components and Rs. 13.66 crores with interest component at a 10% annual rate of interest.

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Ben Atitallah, Imen, Georgia Antonopoulou, Ioanna Ntaikou, Amaia Soto Beobide, Vassilios Dracopoulos, Tahar Mechichi e Gerasimos Lyberatos. "A Comparative Study of Various Pretreatment Approaches for Bio-Ethanol Production from Willow Sawdust, Using Co-Cultures and Mono-Cultures of Different Yeast Strains". Molecules 27, n. 4 (16 febbraio 2022): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041344.

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The effect of different pretreatment approaches based on alkali (NaOH)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on willow sawdust (WS) biomass, in terms of delignification efficiency, structural changes of lignocellulose and subsequent fermentation toward ethanol, was investigated. Bioethanol production was carried out using the conventional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as three non-conventional yeasts strains, i.e., Pichia stipitis, Pachysolen tannophilus, Wickerhamomyces anomalus X19, separately and in co-cultures. The experimental results showed that a two-stage pretreatment approach (NaOH (0.5% w/v) for 24 h and H2O2 (0.5% v/v) for 24 h) led to higher delignification (38.3 ± 0.1%) and saccharification efficiency (31.7 ± 0.3%) and higher ethanol concentration and yield. Monocultures of S. cerevisiae or W. anomalus X19 and co-cultures with P. stipitis exhibited ethanol yields in the range of 11.67 ± 0.21 to 13.81 ± 0.20 g/100 g total solids (TS). When WS was subjected to H2O2 (0.5% v/v) alone for 24 h, the lowest ethanol yields were observed for all yeast strains, due to the minor impact of this treatment on the main chemical and structural WS characteristics. In order to decide which is the best pretreatment approach, a detailed techno-economical assessment is needed, which will take into account the ethanol yields and the minimum processing cost.

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Alzayedi, Abdulaziz M. T., Suresh Sampath e Pericles Pilidis. "Techno–Economic and Risk Evaluation of Combined Cycle Propulsion Systems in Large Container Ships". Energies 15, n. 14 (17 luglio 2022): 5178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145178.

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Owing to the stringent regulations on pollutant emissions that are imposed by the International Maritime Organization and increasing fuel prices, there has been significant research on developing cleaner fuels and novel propulsion systems. This study presents a techno-economical and risk assessment method for evaluating alternative propulsion technologies and cleaner fuels as substitutes for heavy fuel oil and two-stroke diesel engines in marine transportation. This analysis was carried out for two different journeys. Accordingly, we evaluated the economic benefits of using an enhanced intercooler/reheat combined gas and steam cycle or simple and intercooler/reheat combined gas and steam cycles that were fueled by marine diesel oil or liquified natural gas instead of a two-stroke diesel engine that was fueled by MDO as the propulsion system in a large container ship, considering different shipping routes. The results highlighted the advantages of implementing the simple, intercooler/reheat, and enhanced combined gas and steam cycles as propulsion systems. A sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the fuel cost, capital cost, and hull fouling resistance on the economic analysis. For the routes that were considered herein, compared to a two-stroke diesel engine that was fueled by MDO, the simple, intercooler/reheat, and enhanced gas and steam combined cycles that were fueled by LNG increased the net present value by 78.3%, 78.5%, and 76.4%, respectively, and reduced the payback period by 38.8%, 38.9%, and 35%, respectively. Furthermore, the fuel and capital costs had a significant influence on the overall economic profit.

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Watts, David, Pablo Durán e Yarela Flores. "How does El Niño Southern Oscillation impact the wind resource in Chile? A techno-economical assessment of the influence of El Niño and La Niña on the wind power". Renewable Energy 103 (aprile 2017): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.10.031.

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Hafyan, Rendra Hakim, Lupete K. Bhullar, Shuhaimi Mahadzir, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin, Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal, Zulfan Adi Putra, Gade Pandu Rangaiah e Bawadi Abdullah. "Integrated Biorefinery of Empty Fruit Bunch from Palm Oil Industries to Produce Valuable Biochemicals". Processes 8, n. 7 (18 luglio 2020): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070868.

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Empty fruit bunch (EFB) utilization to produce valuable bio-chemicals is seen as an economical and sustainable alternative to waste management in palm oil industries. This work proposed an integrated biorefinery configuration of EFB valorization considering sustainability pillars—namely, economic, environmental, and safety criteria. Techno-economic analysis, life cycle assessment, and hazard identification ranking methods were used to estimate annual profit, global warming potential (GWP), fire explosion damage index (FEDI), and toxicity damage index (TDI) of the proposed integrated biorefinery. A multi-objective optimization problem was then formulated and solved for simultaneous maximization of profit and minimization of GWP, FEDI and TDI. The resulting Pareto-optimal solutions convey the trade-off among the economic, environmental, and safety performances. To choose one of these optimal solutions for implementation, a combined approach of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution was applied. For this selection, the economic criterion was more preferred, followed by the safety and environmental criterion; thus, the optimal solution selected for integrated biorefinery configuration had the highest annual profit, which was at the maximum capacity of 100 ton/h of EFB. It can fulfill the global demand of xylitol (by 55%), levulinic acid (by 98%), succinic acid (by 25%), guaiacol (by 90%), and vanillin (by 12%), and has annual profit, GWP, FEDI, and TDI of 932 M USD/year, 284 tonCO2-eq, 595, and 957, respectively.

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B. Shah, Jinesh, e Janak B. Valaki. "A Comprehensive Review on Feasibility of Different Agro Residues for Production of Bio-Oil, Bio-Char and Pyro-Gas". Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2023): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(1)-08.

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Burning of post-harvest non-edible agro residues (biomass) are the major source of environmental and soil pollution, affecting the lives of millions of people, especially in certain demography of developing countries like India. Non edible agro residues contain toxic structural constituents, making it unsuitable for cattle feed. However, due to its cellulosic and lignocellulosic constituents, it has the potential to be used as a promising feedstock to develop value added energy products. Authors in this review paper have comprehensively reviewed the technological aspects related to conversion of agro residues into value added energy products like bio-oil, bio-char, and pyro gas. Various non-edible agro residues like Cotton stalk, castor stalk, Maize stalk, Rice straw, Rice husk, Corn cob, Sugarcane bagasse, and wheat straw etc., have been reviewed for its potential as feedstock material for thermo chemical conversion to obtain energy products like bio-oil, bio-char, and pyro-gas. Different physio-chemical properties, its chemical characterization methods, different bio-oil upgradation techniques, Techno-economic analysis (TEA), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been reviewed for different thermo-chemical conversion processes. The reviewed works reveal that byproducts derived from pyrolysis of non-edible agro residues have potential to be used as biofuels. Bio-oils after upgradation may be used as fuel, bio-char with appropriate pulversing may be used as soil nutrient, and pyro-gas may be used as energy gas or carrier gas for process industries. LCA of different processes for different agro residue-based biofuels indicate that conversion of biomass into energy fuels is an sustainable, and economical solution for the environment point of view and economic point of view through pyrolysis process as compare to the other conversion processes because pyrolysis process can accommodate agro waste and produce bio-char and pyro-gas along with bio-oil having capacity to generate good revenue.

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Saatlou, E. Najafi, KG Kyprianidis, V. Sethi, AO Abu e P. Pilidis. "On the trade-off between minimum fuel burn and maximum time between overhaul for an intercooled aeroengine". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 228, n. 13 (15 gennaio 2014): 2424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410013518509.

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A large variety of promising power and propulsion system concepts are being proposed to reduce carbon dioxide and other emissions. However, the best candidate to pursue is difficult to select and it is imperative that major investments are correctly targeted to deliver environmentally friendly, economical and reliable solutions. To conceive and assess gas turbine engines with minimum environmental impact and lowest cost of ownership in a variety of emission legislation scenarios and emissions taxation policies, a tool based on a techno-economic and environmental risk assessment methodology is required. A tool based on this approach has been developed by the authors. The core of the tool is a detailed and rigorous thermodynamic representation of power plants, around which other modules can be coupled (that model different disciplines such as aircraft performance, economics, emissions, noise, weight and cost) resulting in a multidisciplinary framework. This approach can be used for efficient and cost-effective design space exploration in the civil aviation, power generation, marine, and oil and gas fields. In the present work, a conceptual intercooled core aeroengine design was assessed with component technologies consistent with 2020 entry into service via a multidisciplinary optimisation approach. Such an approach is necessary to assess the trade-off between asset life, operating costs and technical specification. This paper examines the influence of fuel consumption, engine weight and direct operating costs with respect to extending the engine life. The principal modes of failure such as creep, fatigue and oxidation, are considered in the engine life estimation. Multidisciplinary optimisation, comprising the main engine design parameters, was carried out with maximum time between overhaul as the objective function. The trade-off between minimum block fuel burn and maximum engine life was examined; the results were compared against the initial engine design and an assessment was made to identify the design changes required for obtaining an improved engine design in terms of direct operating costs. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that an engine optimised for maximum time between overhaul requires a lower overall pressure ratio and specific thrust but this comes at the cost of lower thermal efficiency and higher engine production costs.

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Bangalore Ashok, Rahul Prasad, Pekka Oinas, Kalle Lintinen, Golam Sarwar, Mauri A. Kostiainen e Monika Österberg. "Techno-economic assessment for the large-scale production of colloidal lignin particles". Green Chemistry 20, n. 21 (2018): 4911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc02805b.

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Akhtar, Malik Sajawal, Rofice Dickson, Haider Niaz, Dong Won Hwang e J. Jay Liu. "Comparative sustainability assessment of a hydrogen supply network for hydrogen refueling stations in Korea – a techno-economic and lifecycle assessment perspective". Green Chemistry 23, n. 23 (2021): 9625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc03006j.

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Lei, Jinyong, Hang Zhang, Jun Pan, Yu Zhuo, Aijun Chen, Weize Chen, Zeyu Yang et al. "Techno-Economic Assessment of a Full-Chain Hydrogen Production by Offshore Wind Power". Energies 17, n. 11 (21 maggio 2024): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112447.

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Offshore wind power stands out as a promising renewable energy source, offering substantial potential for achieving low carbon emissions and enhancing energy security. Despite its potential, the expansion of offshore wind power faces considerable constraints in offshore power transmission. Hydrogen production derived from offshore wind power emerges as an efficient solution to overcome these limitations and effectively transport energy. This study systematically devises diverse hydrogen energy supply chains tailored to the demands of the transportation and chemical industries, meticulously assessing the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). Our findings reveal that the most cost-efficient means of transporting hydrogen to the mainland is through pipelines, particularly when the baseline distance is 50 km and the baseline electricity price is 0.05 USD/kWh. Notably, delivering hydrogen directly to the port via pipelines for chemical industries proves considerably more economical than distributing it to hydrogen refueling stations, with a minimal cost of 3.6 USD/kg. Additionally, we assessed the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) for supply chains that transmit electricity to ports via submarine cables before hydrogen production and subsequent distribution to chemical plants. In comparison to offshore hydrogen production routes, these routes exhibit higher costs and reduced competitiveness. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken to scrutinize the impact of delivery distance and electricity prices on LCOH. The outcomes underscore the acute sensitivity of LCOH to power prices, highlighting the potential for substantial reductions in hydrogen prices through concerted efforts to lower electricity costs.

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Abdollahi, Reza, Seyed Mahdia Motahhari e Hamid Esfandyari. "Integrated Technical and Economical Methodology for Assessment of Undeveloped Shale Gas Prospects: Applying in the Lurestan Shale Gas, Iran". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (7 luglio 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7919264.

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Shale gas resources can supply the substantial growing demand for clean energy. In comparison with conventional reservoirs, shale gas reservoirs have lower production potential, and selecting the most favorable areas from the broad region of shale gas prospect is very crucial in commercial development. These areas are screened regarding some key evaluation indicators that affect the ultimate recovery of shale gas reservoirs. Many attempts have been made to screen sweet spots by applying the different evaluation indicators. These studies mainly focus on geological sweet spot identification without considering the economic indicators that may influence the order of geological sweet spots for development. The current study introduces a methodology for selecting the best techno-economic spots in undeveloped shale gas regions by integrating the technical and economic criteria. The techno-economic areas are defined as the geological sweet spots with the highest rate of return under the currently employed technology. The economic objective functions for selecting these areas are net present value, internal rate of return, and payback time. To estimate the unknown features for integrating the technical and economic criteria in undeveloped areas, an analogy study is applied. Due to the large number of unknowns and uncertainties in shale gas evaluation and low confidence of deterministic results, a probabilistic approach is used. As the first attempt in shale gas assessment in Iran, the Lurestan shale gas region is evaluated by applying this approach. The results indicate that no selected geological sweet spots in this region are commercial regarding the current cost rates and the available technology in Iran, and it can be considered as a future affordable source of energy.

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