Articoli di riviste sul tema "Tang wen cui"

ABSTRACT: During the 1960 campaign of the Corinth Excavations, a Tang Dynasty coin was found in an ash and charcoal layer with deposits from the mid- to late 13th century ce and earlier. Considering similar coin finds from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and the Chui Region, Kyrgyzstan, this article argues that the Corinth Tang coin is likely an Anxi Protectorate issue, though a Chui valley origin cannot be ruled out. This article discusses the origins, survival, and mobility of this minimal-value cash coin in a web of Eurasian connections, with particular focus on the connectivity of the Church of the East and the Jewish merchant network from the 8th to the 13th century ce.

Abstract Downsizing metal nanoparticle catalysts to form single-atom catalysts (SACs) has proven to be one of the best ways to enhance the catalysts’ activity and selectivity1-2 due to their unique characteristics such as nearly 100% atom utilization and well-defined active sites.3 However, the broad application of SACs in catalytic reactions is limited by their poor stability as they possess high surface energy and thus tend to aggregate and form nanoclusters or nanoparticles.4 To address this challenge, various supports such as metal oxides, carbon materials, and porous materials are widely used to stabilize the SACs.5 Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous crystalline materials, have proven to be an ideal candidate to support SACs owing to their high surface area, high porosity, and abundant potential anchoring sites.6 It has been shown that immobilizing SACs on MOFs, which forms MOF supported SACs, can integrate the unique properties of SACs and MOFs and led to remarkable catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability toward various catalytic reactions.6-8 Application of MOF supported SACs in photocatalysis, organic linkers of metal-organic frameworks act as photosensitive units,9 However most pristine metal-organic frameworks possesses poor light absorption properties due to wide band gap.9To enhance the light harvesting properties of the metal organic framework its organic linker is functionalized.10-11 In my poster presentation, I will present my work where post-synthetic modification of UiO-66-NH2 MOF linker with 3,4,9,10 perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDA) an organic molecule with broad absorption edge,12and immobilization of Ni single atom catalyst on the zirconium cluster of the MOF was done. This resulted in enhanced optical properties and charge separation efficiency which was proved by a combination of UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoelectrochemical techniques, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Observed photophysical effects posed by the modifications of the UiO-66-NH2 were evaluated by photocatalytic hydrogen generation. References Yan, J.; Kong, L.; Ji, Y.; White, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, J.; An, P.; Liu, S.; Lee, S.-T.; Ma, T., Single atom tungsten doped ultrathin α-Ni (OH) 2 for enhanced electrocatalytic water oxidation. Nature communications 2019, 10 (1), 1-10. Jiao, L.; Jiang, H.-L., Metal-organic-framework-based single-atom catalysts for energy applications. Chem 2019, 5 (4), 786-804. Qiao, B.; Wang, A.; Yang, X.; Allard, L. F.; Jiang, Z.; Cui, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, J.; Zhang, T., Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Pt1/FeO x. Nature chemistry 2011, 3 (8), 634-641. Xia, C.; Qiu, Y.; Xia, Y.; Zhu, P.; King, G.; Zhang, X.; Wu, Z.; Kim, J. Y.; Cullen, D. A.; Zheng, D., General synthesis of single-atom catalysts with high metal loading using graphene quantum dots. Nature chemistry 2021, 13 (9), 887-894. Wu, J.; Xiong, L.; Zhao, B.; Liu, M.; Huang, L., Densely populated single atom catalysts. Small Methods 2020, 4 (2), 1900540. Huang, H.; Shen, K.; Chen, F.; Li, Y., Metal–organic frameworks as a good platform for the fabrication of single-atom catalysts. ACS Catalysis 2020, 10 (12), 6579-6586. Qu, W.; Chen, C.; Tang, Z.; Wen, H.; Hu, L.; Xia, D.; Tian, S.; Zhao, H.; He, C.; Shu, D., Progress in metal-organic-framework-based single-atom catalysts for environmental remediation. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2023, 474, 214855. Szilágyi, P.; Rogers, D.; Zaiser, I.; Callini, E.; Turner, S.; Borgschulte, A.; Züttel, A.; Geerlings, H.; Hirscher, M.; Dam, B., Functionalised metal–organic frameworks: a novel approach to stabilising single metal atoms. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2017, 5 (30), 15559-15566. He, J.; Wang, J.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, J.; Duan, D.; Wang, Y.; Yan, Z., A dye-sensitized Pt@ UiO-66 (Zr) metal–organic framework for visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chemical communications 2014, 50 (53), 7063-7066. Elcheikh Mahmoud, M.; Audi, H.; Assoud, A.; Ghaddar, T. H.; Hmadeh, M., Metal–Organic Framework Photocatalyst Incorporating Bis(4′-(4-carboxyphenyl)-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) for Visible-Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141 (17), 7115-7121. Hendrickx, K.; Joos, J. J.; De Vos, A.; Poelman, D.; Smet, P. F.; Van Speybroeck, V.; Van Der Voort, P.; Lejaeghere, K., Exploring lanthanide doping in UiO-66: a combined experimental and computational study of the electronic structure. Inorganic Chemistry 2018, 57 (9), 5463-5474. Yu, H.; Joo, P.; Lee, D.; Kim, B. S.; Oh, J. H., Photoinduced Charge‐Carrier Dynamics of Phototransistors Based on Perylene Diimide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Core/Shell p–n Junction Nanowires. Advanced Optical Materials 2015, 3 (2), 241-247.

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), purgation is indicated when a person suffers an illness due to the accumulation of evil internal heat. Obese individuals with a large belly, red face, thick and yellow tongue fur, constipation, and avoidance of heat are thought accumulates of evil internal heat, and they are also treated with purgatives such asTa-Cheng-Chi-Tang(TCCT),Xiao-Chen-Chi-Tang(XCCT), andTiao-Wei-Chen-Chi-Tang(TWCCT) by TCM doctors. In previous studies, our group found that TCCT has potent anti-inflammatory activity, and that XCCT is an effective antioxidant. Since rhubarb is the principle herb in these three prescriptions, we will first present a thorough review of the literature on the demonstrated effect (or lack of effect) of rhubarb and rhubarb-containing polyherbal preparations on lipid and weight control. We will then continue our research with an investigation of the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effect of TCCT, XCCT, TWCCT, and rhubarb extracts using two animal models. TWCCT lowered the serum triglyceride concentration as much as fenofibrate in Triton WR-1339-treated mice. Daily supplementation with XCCT and TWCCT significantly attenuated the high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. In addition, TWCCT also significantly lowered the high-fat-diet-induced hypertriglycemia. Although feeding high-fat diet rats with these extracts did not cause loose stools or diarrhea or other deleterious effects on renal or hepatic function. None of these extracts lowered the body weight of rats fed on high-fat diet. In conclusion, the results suggest that XCCT and TWCCT might exert beneficial effects in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Recent studies suggested that Traditional Chinese Medicine could play a beneficial role in conventional cancer treatment. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with Western medicine on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer identified from the Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital Cancer Registry Database in 2004–2014. Combining with the medical records of the study hospital, patients were classified into CHM users and CHM nonusers. Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to investigate the survival between CHM users and CHM nonusers. A total of 535 patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study with 147 of them were CHM users. The log-rank test for Kaplan–Meier survival curve revealed a statistically significant difference between the survival of CHM users and CHM nonusers (P=0.006). Results from multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CHM use was significantly associated with better survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.77). In addition, the CHM formulae Jia Wei Xiao Yao San, Zhi Bah Di Huang Wan, Ping Wei San, and Qui Pi Tang were significantly associated with better survival. In conclusion, findings from this retrospective cohort study indicated that integrated CHM and Western medicine could improve survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Additional research on integrating TCM with Western medicine to improve cancer survival is warranted.

Background This retrospective cohort study investigated the risk of major bleeding events during the concurrent use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and anticoagulants in clinical practice. Methods A total of 4,470 patients receiving anticoagulant drugs were selected from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Half (n = 2,235) were also using CHMs (CHM cohort); the other half were not (non-CHM cohort). Each cohort was matched 1:1 using the propensity score. Chi-square testing and the Student’s t-test were used to examine differences between two cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis assessed the risks for major bleeding events in each cohort, as well as bleeding risks associated with specific CHM formulas and herbs. Cumulative incidence curves for major bleeding events were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Compared with the non-CHM cohort, the CHM cohort had a lower risk of overall bleeding events (p < 0.001) including hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.008), gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (p < 0.001), urogenital bleeding (p ≤ 0.001) and nasal/ear/eye bleeding (p = 0.004). Single herbs, such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis et Rhizoma, Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng, Platycodon grandiflorum, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and formulas, such as Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang, Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang and Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan were associated with a lower risk of major bleeding events. Conclusion Using CHMs with anticoagulants appeared to decrease the risk of major bleeding, especially CHMs products containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis et Rhizoma, Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng, Platycodon grandiflorum and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Further investigations are needed to determine whether CHM can maintain the therapeutic efficacy of anticoagulants while simultaneously reducing potential side effects.

Aqueous manganese batteries based on deposition-dissolution of Mn2+/MnO2 reactions have aroused great attention due to their intrinsic low cost, high potential, and high energy.1, 2 However, the incomplete dissolution and exfoliated dead MnO2 would inevitably lead to capacity loss and poor cyclability at high areal capacity application.3, 4 Herein, we apply a redox mediator strategy to dissolve the accumulated MnO2 via a spontaneous chemical reaction between redox mediators iodide and MnO2.5,6 During the discharge process, the iodide (I–) could react with the residual MnO2 and be oxidized to I3 – that could be further reduced back to I– on the electrode, continuing this process until fully dissolved the accumulated MnO2. We will discuss detailed reaction mechanisms verified by ex-situ UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The zinc-manganese (Zn-Mn) battery with iodide mediator showed improved cycling stability at 2.5 mAh cm–2 (400 vs. 100 cycles, static mode) and 15 mAh cm–2 (225 vs. 60 cycles, flow mode). Areal capacity is one of the most important parameters determining system energy for deposition-based batteries.7 The Zn-Mn flow cell could demonstrate a high areal capacity application at 50 mAh cm–2 for 50 cycles. We will discuss how to expand this strategy to other manganese-based batteries and broaden the horizon of aqueous batteries. Acknowledgment This work is supported by a grant from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (project no. C1002-21G). Reference W. Chen, G. Li, A. Pei, Y. Li, L. Liao, H. Wang, J. Wan, Z. Liang, G. Chen, H. Zhang, J. Wang and Y. Cui, Nat. Energy, 2018, 3, 428-435. D. Chao, W. Zhou, C. Ye, Q. Zhang, Y. Chen, L. Gu, K. Davey and S.-Z. Qiao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2019, 58, 7823-7828. C. Liu, X. Chi, Q. Han and Y. Liu, Adv. Energy Mater., 2020, 10, 1903589. G. Liang, F. Mo, H. Li, Z. Tang, Z. Liu, D. Wang, Q. Yang, L. Ma and C. Zhi, Adv. Energy Mater., 2019, 9, 1901838. J. Lei, Y. Yao, Z. Wang and Y.-C. Lu, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 4418-4426. J. Lei, Y. Yao, Y. Huang and Y.-C. Lu, ACS Energy Letters, 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02524, 429-435. Y. Yao, J. Lei, Y. Shi, F. Ai and Y.-C. Lu, Nat. Energy, 2021, 6 (6), 582–588.

Abstract Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent urological carcinomas with a low overall 5-year survival rate, and its prognosis remains dismal. circular RNA (circRNA) has been discovered to be important regulators in ccRCC. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of circRNA and its impact on phenotypes require further in-depth research. Methods: circRNA microarray sequencing analysis was used in this study to explore the expression pattern of circRNA in ccRCC. circWSB1 was discovered, and we evaluated its derivation, potential diagnostic efficacy, and prognostic significance in ccRCC tissues using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and sanger sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH), RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to investigate the subcellular localization and regulation mechanism of circWSB1. In vivo and in vitro loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments were used to determine the biological functions of circWSB1. Results: Through RNA sequencing of five pairs of tumor and adjacent tissues, we discovered that circWSB1 is highly expressed in ccRCC. We identified that circWSB1 interacts with miR-182-5p and upregulates the expression of its host gene, WSB1. Through models in vivo and in vitro, we found circWSB1 increases WSB1 expression via the circWSB1/miR-182-5p/WSB1 axis, which promotes ccRCC cell proliferation and migration. The high expression of circWSB1 and WSB1 is correlated with poorer clinical prognosis and pathological grading. Conclusions: circWSB1 diminishes the inhibitory impact of miR-182-5p on WSB1, and increases WSB1 expression, thereafter promotes ccRCC development. Our findings provide a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC. Citation Format: Guyu Tang, Jing Liu, Xiaomei Gao, Wei Tang, Jiaxian Chen, Menghai Wu, Ye Zhang, Yi Cai, Lin Qi. circWSB1 promotes tumor progression in ccRCC via circWSB1/miR-182-5p/WSB1 axis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C088.

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip is a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly due to the primary symptom of pain in the weight-bearing joints. There is limited data that characterizes patients who experience moderate to severe pain despite analgesic treatment in China.Objectives:This study estimates the real-world prevalence of inadequate pain relief (IPR) among patients with knee and/or hip OA who have been prescribed analgesic therapy and characterizes this patient population. The study was conducted in China, the Philippines, Thailand, Russia, and Mexico. This abstract presents results from China.Methods:This is a multinational, multi-site, cross-sectional, observational study. Physicians managing patients with OA were recruited and asked to enroll patients over 50 years of age with knee and/or hip OA who had been prescribed topical and/or oral pain medication for at least 30 days prior to study visit. Patients completed a one-time assessment of pain, function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using patient reported outcome (PRO) instruments. Physicians abstracted data from patient charts. IPR was defined as an average pain score of >4/10 on Brief Pain Inventory Question #5 (average pain). Statistical tests including chi-square for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test for continuous variables were conducted to assess differences in demographic and clinical characteristics as well as PROs between patients with and without IPR. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between IPR and PROs.Results:571 patients treated at 10 hospital centers in China were enrolled. 73% were female, the mean (SD) age was 62 (8.32) years. The number of years with OA ranged from less than one year to over 37 years, suggesting a broad sample of patients. Most patients were impacted by knee OA only (90%). Almost half (43%) of the study population met the definition of IPR. Patients with IPR tended to be older, have greater prevalence of obesity, have more comorbidities, and had longer disease duration. The majority (98%) of patients were receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), followed by chondroprotective medications (23%). However, more patients with IPR mentioned being dissatisfied with treatment (38% vs. 21%). After adjusting for covariates, patients with IPR reported worse HRQOL, more functional limitations, and reduced work productivity compared to patients without IPR.Conclusion:IPR is highly prevalent among individuals with knee and/or hip OA in China and is associated with decreased HRQOL and work productivity, impaired function, and treatment dissatisfaction. Developing awareness among healthcare professionals about the presence and potential impact of IPR is important for the ultimate improvement of OA patient management.PROmean (SE)No IPR(N=328)IPR(N=243)EQ-5D Index0.72 (0.01)0.49 (0.02)EQ-5D VAS72.3 (0.85)65.5 (1.00)WOMAC Pain Subscale13.1 (0.78)22.7 (1.52)WOMAC Stiffness Subscale4.2 (0.27)7.4(0.51)WOMAC Physical Function Subscale44.8 (2.61)76.9 (5.07)Work Productivity Loss30.0 (4.07)47.5 (10.46)Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, year since OA diagnosis/follow-up, gender, BMI, number of medication classes, insurance, physician specialty/academic responsibilities, number of affected joints, diabetes, CVD, hyperlipidemia/hypertension, and depression. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except work productivity loss (p=0.11)Disclosure of Interests:Xiaofeng Zeng Consultant of: MSD Pharmaceuticals, Xiaomei Leng Consultant of: MSD Pharmaceuticals, Knightley Wei Employee of: Employed by MSD Pharmaceuticals (China), Wen Min Tang Employee of: Employed by MSD Pharmaceuticals (China), Cai Hua Tang Employee of: Employed by MSD Pharmaceuticals (China), Kaan Tunceli Shareholder of: Holds company stock at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Employee of: Employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Jyoti Aggarwal Consultant of: Merck & Co., Inc., Dena Ramey Shareholder of: Holds company stock at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Employee of: Employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Fidel Lozano Employee of: Merck & Co. salaried employee, Ishita Doshi Shareholder of: Holds company stock at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Employee of: Employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Cynthia Macahilig Consultant of: Consultant to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Shardul Odak Consultant of: Consultant to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kelly Johnson Employee of: Employed by Merck & Co., Inc.

Abstract In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the loss of androgen receptor (AR) dependence leads to clinically aggressive tumors with few therapeutic options. We used ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing), RNA-seq, and DNA sequencing to investigate 22 organoids, six patient-derived xenografts, and 12 cell lines. We identified the well-characterized AR-dependent and neuroendocrine subtypes, as well as two AR-negative/low groups: a Wnt-dependent subtype, and a stem cell–like (SCL) subtype driven by activator protein–1 (AP-1) transcription factors. We used transcriptomic signatures to classify 366 patients, which showed that SCL is the second most common subtype of CRPC after AR-dependent. Our data suggest that AP-1 interacts with the YAP/TAZ and TEAD proteins to maintain subtype-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic landscapes in this group. Together, this molecular classification reveals drug targets and can potentially guide therapeutic decisions. Citation Format: Fanying Tang, Duo Xu, Shangqian Wang, Chen Khuan Wong, Alexander Martinez-Fundichely, Cindy Lee, Sandra Cohen, Jane Park, Corinne Hill, Kenneth Eng, Rohan Bareja, Teng Han, Eric Minwei Liu, Ann Palladino, Wei Di, Dong Gao, Wassim Abida, Shaham Beg, Loredana Puca, Maximiliano Meneses, Elisa De Stanchina, Michael Berger, Anuradha Gopalan, Lukas Dow, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Himisha Beltran, Cora Sternberg, Ping Chi, Howard Scher, Andrea Sboner, Yu Chen, Ekta Khurana. Chromatin profiles classify castration-resistant prostate cancers suggesting therapeutic targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Epigenomics; 2022 Oct 6-8; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B026.

Background:Hydrocephalus can be a rare neurological manifestation but lethal complication of various SAIDs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sarcoidosis, and primary vasculitis. The commonly used medical management programs based on the etiology of hydrocephalus are anti-inflammatory or anti infectious therapies, while surgical management such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts is effective most of the time (Wei Jetal.,2019).Objectives:To analyze the diagnosis and managment of hydrocephalus associated with autoimmune diseasesMethods:A retrospective case series study was conducted at Rheumatology department.Cairo university.Files were retrieved from the hospital archives by screening records from Jan 2014to Jan2019. Medical records were screened for data regarding the clinical manifestation and outcomeof hydrocephalus associated with autoimmune disease.Results:Case (1)Male patient 28 yrs old diagnosed a systemic lupus erythematosus The patient was controlled on low dose steroid and azathioprine. In 2019: the patient presented with headache and blurring of vision. Fundus examination showed grade 2 to 3 papilledema. MRI brain showed: Non obustrcutive hydrocephalus. MRA & MRV: normal laboratory investigation was done and showed consumed c3 & c4. ESR: 35 mm/hour. Hb: 12.3g/dl. WBC:6.38 cells/cm3. normal liver and kidney function. Neurosurgery consultation was done and recommended urgent ventriculo –peritoneal shunt. follow up fundus showed improvement of papilledema. The patient was discharged on steroids 30 mg and mycophenolate mofetyl: 2gram with improvement of his condition.Case (2)Female patient 22 yrs old diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus onset 2010. In 2018 she started to develop quadriparesis started in left side followed by Right side associated with attacks of Tonic colonic convulsions. MRI brain showed: Marked communicating hydrocephalus with markedly reduced cerebral hemisphere white matter. MRV & MRA: normal. Her laboratory investigation showed ESR: 49 mm/h. HB: 10.3 mg/dl, WBC: 5.9 cells/ mm3. Normal platelet count. normal liver & kidney function. Normal c3 & c4. neurosurgery consultation was done. Urgent ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done with improvement of her condition. The patient was discharged on solupred 20 mg along with azathioprine.Conclusion:VPS along with medical treatment with steroids and immunosuppresion represent an effective treatment protocol.References:[1]Wei J, Yin H, Wang L, Cui L, Wang R. Systemic autoimmune diseases complicated with hydrocephalus: pathogenesis and management. Neurosurg Rev. 2019 Jun;42(2):255-261.[2]Wei J, Yin H, Wang L, Cui L, Wang R. Systemic autoimmune diseases complicated with hydrocephalus: pathogenesis and management. Neurosurg Rev. 2019 Jun;42(2):255-261.[3]Tang SC, Lee CF, Lee CW, Jeng JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus flare up manifestations as cerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lupus 2011; 20: 1211-13[4]Kitching GB, Thompson JR, Hasso AN, Hirst AE. Angiographic demonstration of lupus cerebral phlebitis with communicating hydrocephalus. Neuroradiology 1977; 14: 59-63.[5]Mortifee PRS, Bebb RA, Stein H. Communicating hydrocephalus in systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1299-302.[6]Honda K, Matsumoto M, Kaneko T, KAmei I, Tatsumi H, Murai N, et al. Linear deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components on the dura in normal pressure hydrocephalus complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Neurosci 2004; 11: 561-63.[7]Koga H, Ooch IN, Osato S, Ishida I, Hirakata H, Okuda S, Fujishima M (1994) Case report: Wegener’s granulomatosis accompanied by communicating hydrocephalus. Am J Med Sci 307:278–281[8]Bertken RD, Cooper VR (1997) Wegener granulomatosis causingsellarmass,hydrocephalus,andglobalpituitaryfailure.WestJMed 1997; 167:44–47[9]Scarrow AM, Segal R, Medsger TAJ, Wasko MC (1998) Communicating hydrocephalus secondary to diffuse meningeal spread of Wegener’s granulomatosis: case report and literature review. Neurosurgery 1998;43:1470–1473Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Abstract Background: -HER2-positive breast cancer subtype accounted for around 15-20% of all breast cancer. -The introduction of HER2-targeted therapy such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab has remarkably increased the patients’ prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer. -However, resistance exists due to impaired drug binding to HER2 receptor and constitutive activation of HER2 downstream signaling pathways. -P95HER2 isoform is a truncated form of HER2 that retains the C terminal domain but lacks an N terminal trastuzumab binding site, leading to trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. -A new P95HER2 antibody is developed to target the extracellular domain of p95HER2 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HER2-positive breast cancer tissues by using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining method. Objectives: To evaluate the expression of P95HER2 and its clinicopathological characteristics in HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: We assessed 68 HER2-positive patients (IHC 3+ or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH]+) from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) who underwent breast cancer surgery and were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (taxane or anthracycline or combination) plus trastuzumab from 2014 to 2016. P95HER2 HE antibody is provided by Simcere Pharma. In this study, we compared 27 patients with primary trastuzumab resistance with 41 non-relapse breast cancer patients. 14 patients have not received trastuzumab targeted therapy. P95HER2 staining of either 1+, 2+ or 3+ observed in any tumor area in HE slides was considered to be P95 HER2 positive. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between P95HER2 expression of patients’ characteristics. The main outcome measures were disease free-survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) by using log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent factors related to prognosis. Results: From 2014 to 2016, we assessed the expression of P95HER2 expression in 68 HER2 positive breast cancer patients from FUSCC. Median follow-up was 45 months. In our study, 19 (27.9%) were P95HER2 positive. P95HER2 positive expression rate is higher in premenopausal patients than in postmenopausal patients (68.4% vs 38.8%, P= 0.028). Univariable analysis showed that higher T-stage (P= 0.018), higher N-stage (P= 0.001) and P95HER2 positive expression (P= 0.033) were associated with worse DDFS. Multivariable analysis showed that higher T-stage (hazard ratio, 6.019; 95% CI, 1.205-30.078; P= 0.029) and P95HER2 positive (hazard ratio, 2.349; 95%CI, 1.03-5.358; P= 0.042) independently predicted worse DDFS. P95HER2 positive was significantly associated with shorter 5-year DDFS (42.1% vs 67.6%, P= 0.028), but has no significant difference in DFS (36.8% vs 59.5%, P= 0.072) and OS (74.8% vs 81.2%, P= 0.685). Conclusions: P95HER2 positive was found more in premenopausal patients and was associated with a higher metastasis rate, indicating that P95HER2 expression tends to be a more aggressive isoform type of HER2-positive breast cancer. P95HER2 may serve as a therapeutic target for anti-HER2 therapy. Citation Format: Chih Wan Goh, Liyi Zhang, Wei-Ru Chi, Bingqiu Xiu, Jiajian Chen, Wenqing Yang, Chunxia Ao, Jianxing Tang, Jingyan Xue, Yayun Chi, Jiong Wu. P95HER2 Expression in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-53.

During the Song Dynasty in which Cai Xiang lived, Confucian ideology formed a powerful force in both public and private life. His calligraphy thought was also deeply influenced by this ancient philosophy, ethics and educational concept. Taking Confucianism as the starting point, this paper attempts to examine the influence of Confucianism on Cai Xiang's calligraphy thought and calligraphy creation. In the study of Cai Xiang's calligraphy thought, if it is only discussed from the simple aspect of calligraphy, it will inevitably be incomplete. Calligraphy is a unique art gradually conceived and developed in the soil of traditional culture. As a scholar-bureaucrat deeply influenced by Confucianism, Cai Xiang's calligraphy thought must have a profound and intricate relationship with Confucian cultural thought. From the perspective of Confucianism, to examine Cai Xiang's calligraphy thought and to seek the correlation among them can make Cai Xiang's image of a literati calligrapher more three-dimensional and comprehensive.In the thesis, relying on the evaluation of Cai Xiang's calligraphy by contemporaries and later generations, it illustrates Cai Xiang's position in the history of calligraphy and the rationality of his calligraphy thought from the side. Relying on Cai Xiang's own calligraphy theory, we then examine the meaning and value contained in his calligraphy thought. The paper mainly involves several parts: First of all, in the context of the sluggish calligraphy circle in the early Song Dynasty, Cai Xiang's advocacy of "methodology" and "ancient meaning". It makes the development of calligraphy in the early Song Dynasty to undertake the main line of Jin and Tang Dynasties again and return to Daotong. Secondly, while attaching importance to the value of "methods" in calligraphy, Cai Xiang also emphasized the pursuit of "charm" and "spirit" in calligraphy works. Personality spirit and artistic spirit are always complementary and unified in traditional aesthetics. The pursuit of "Charm" and "Spirit" is also a manifestation of the pursuit of the harmonious and unified realm of human and artistic environment. Thirdly, the inheritance and innovation of calligraphy under the thought of "Zhizhonghe". In his calligraphy theory, Cai Xiang showed his traditional Confucian mentality of "Zongyong" aesthetics, and at the same time, he highly praised the ideal realm of the beauty of neutrality in Wei and Jin calligraphy. Cai Xiang's grasp of the common laws of different calligraphic styles is also the embodiment of the Confucian "neutralization" thought in his creative practice. Cai Xiang completes his own personality cultivation in the seemingly contradictory but complete and unified calligraphy thought and creative practice. It is also the "unbiased" style of his calligraphy that established his key position in the calligraphy circle of the mid-Northern Song Dynasty. 蔡襄所生活的宋朝时期，儒家意识形态在公共和私人生活领域形成一股强大力量，其书学思想也深受这种古代哲学伦理和教化观念观的影响. 本文以儒家思想作为切入点，试图考察儒学对于蔡襄书学思想和书法创作的影响. 在对于蔡襄书学思想的研究中，若仅仅只是从单纯的书法方面去论述，难免会不够完善. 书法是在传统文化的土壤中逐渐孕育和发展出来的独特艺术，而蔡襄作为深受儒家思想影响的士大夫，其书学思想必然与儒家文化思想有着深刻而错综复杂的关系. 而从儒学的视角出发去考察蔡襄的书学思想，并寻求其中的相关性，则能使蔡襄的文人书家形象更加立体而全面的呈现出来. 论文中以时人和后人对蔡襄书法的品评为依托，说明了蔡襄在书法史的地位，以及从侧面佐证了其书学思想的合理性. 以蔡襄本人的书法理论为依托，进而考察其书学思想中所蕴含的意义和价值. 论文中主要涉及了几个部�

Aqueous proton-based batteries (APBs) as a good choice to respond battery diversity, delivering safety, cost, environmental friendliness and high-power necessary for renewable energy storage.1 However, most promising conventional aqueous battery anodes have relatively poor compatibility in acid. The limited existing anode options like Pb and MoO3 can hardly match the high-performance of advanced cathodes, leading low-voltage and unsatisfactory energy density of APBs.2-4 Therefore, the exploration of high-performance anode materials is thus of critical issue for the APB assembling. Sn metal should be one of the most suitable APB anode choices due to its relatively high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential, large theoretical capacity (451.6 mAh g−1) and negative redox potential (−0.14 V vs. SHE). With a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure and similar facet surface energy, Sn metal deposit in polyhedral morphology isotropically. This may cause serious “dead Sn” issue when deposition capacity increases because large Sn particle has limited contact with the substrate and easily to shed from the electrode, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan. We will present our efforts of developing Sn anode with high capacity and long lifespan by an interfacial alloying regulation approach. Smaller grain size and more uniform Sn deposition can be achieved by higher propensity for nucleation and Sn migration energy barrier. Extra interfacial interaction suppresses shedding of Sn polyhedron particles, thus prohibiting the formation of “dead” Sn. Based on the optimized Sn metal anode, we propose several promising designs for APBs, with high performance such as high output voltages, good specific energy densities, fast kinetics, and long life. References X. Wu, J. J. Hong, W. Shin, L. Ma, T. Liu, X. Bi, Y. Yuan, Y. Qi, T. W. Surta, W. Huang, J. Neuefeind, T. Wu, P. A. Greaney, J. Lu, X. Ji. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 123-130. W. Chen, G. Li, A. Pei, Y. Li, L. Liao, H. Wang, J. Wan, Z. Liang, G. Chen, H. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Cui. Nat. Energy 2018, 3, 428-435. Y. Liang, Y. Jing, S. Gheytani, K. Y. Lee, P. Liu, A. Facchetti, Y. Yao. Nat. Mater. 2017, 16, 841-848. X. Wang, Y. Xie, K. Tang, C. Wang, C. Yan. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 11569-11573.

Climate change has stimulated great interest in developing clean and renewable energy conversion and storage solutions. Emerging technologies for solutions, like unitized regenerative fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water electrolyzers, depend on the reliable catalyst materials suited for long-term application in alkaline environments[1]. In particular, the demanding reaction in these systems is the oxygen evolution reaction involving complex multielectron/proton transfer processes and thus sluggish kinetic.[2] At present, the state-of-the-art OER catalysts are IrO2 and RuO2. However, the high cost and scarcity of these materials severely prevent the wide-scale application of these systems.[3] Perovskite oxide (e.g., single perovskite expressed as ABO3) electrocatalysts are particularly considered next-generation OER catalysts due to their adjustable physicochemical properties and, as a consequence, their catalytic properties by substitution of ions in the A and B sites.[4] Via doping both at A and B site, double perovskite oxides structure can form (AA′B2O5+δ), which were shown to have stable structure during the OER due to proper O p-band center position relative to the Fermi level. The previous research shows that hexagonal perovskites exhibit enhanced catalytic activity rather than cubic or tetragonal perovskites, which is associated with the face-sharing octahedral unit. [5,6] In this work, we systematically investigate doping of parent La2CoMnO6 with Ba to tune the crystal structure and electronic structure. A series of the double perovskites with the chemical formula of La2-xBaxCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2) were fabricated via the modified Sol-Gel Pechini method. According to Goldschmidt tolerance factor, it is expected that when Ba amount increases in the A site, the crystal structure changes from cubic to hexagonal, which can contribute to electrocatalytic OER activity based above discussions. Furthermore, it is anticipated that increasing Ba content at the A site should result in higher valence state of transition metals due to stabilizing charge balance of the structure. It is widely reported that presence of higher valence state of transition metals is beneficial for OER. The crystal structure was confirmed by combining powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. The two-layer hexagonal structure of Ba2CoMnO6 (BCM) was further characterized by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The results show doping of Ba into parent La2CoMnO6 resulted in the hexagonal phase formation and BCM achieves a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at a low overpotential of 288 mV and has the highest intrinsic activity in the series of BaxLa2-xCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2). Furthermore, BCM exhibits outstanding stability of 12 h in a 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The electronic structure and surface work function values of the catalysts were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis revealed that valence state of Co and Mn increases through Ba amount in the structure, indicating the double perovskite oxide charge balance is maintained. In addition to valence state analysis, we performed work function analysis of the catalysts tested in this work. The result shows work function of the series of BaxLa2-xCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) substantially decreases with Ba content. Here, we show that the high intrinsic activity of BCM is not only related with the hexagonal structure and also may be related with exhibiting lower work function value in the series. In addition, our approach presents a new strategy, air quenching method, to synthesize a phase pure 2H-hexagonal double perovskite oxide. [1] Y. Zhou, X. Guan, H. Zhou, K. Ramadoss, S. Adam, H. Liu, S. Lee, H. Shi, M. Tsuchiya, D. Fong and S. Ramanathan, Nature, 534, 231-234 (2016). [2] X. Cui, P. Ren, D. Deng, J. Deng and X. Bao, Energy & Environmental Science, 9, 123-129 (2016). [3] X. Qiu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhu, C. Long, L. Su, S. Liu and Z. Tang, Advanced Materials, 33, 2001731 (2020). [4] W. Yin, B. Weng, J. Ge, Q. Sun, Z. Li and Y. Yan, Energy & Environmental Science, 12, 442-462 (2019). [5] L. Tang, W. Zhang, D. Lin, Y. Ren, H. Zheng, Q. Luo, L. Wei, H. Liu, J. Chen and K. Tang, Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 7, 4488-4497 (2020). [6] C. Chen, G. King, R. M. Dickerson, P. A. Papin, S. Gupta, W. R. Kellogg and G. Wu, Nano Energy, 13, 423-432 (2015).

Abstract BACKGROUND TROP2, a transmembrane glycoprotein widely expressed on epithelial cancers, has emerged as an attractive target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development. Sacituzumab govitecan, a TROP2 ADC conjugated to topoisomerase inhibitor (TOP1) SN-38, has been approved for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of a novel TROP2 antibody (R4702) and its ADC OBI-992, which is derived from the conjugation of R4702 with a TOP1 inhibitor exatecan. METHODS Clinical study: Prognostic roles of TROP2 and TOP1 in patients were accessed through the “Kaplan-Meier plotter” database from more than 1055 colon cancer patients. In vitro study: An ELISA study was conducted to investigate the binding epitope of R4702. Cell binding assay and Surface Plasmon Resonance were carried out to measure non-specific binding activity and binding affinity, respectively. DNA damage activity, cytotoxicity, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects of three TOP1 inhibitors exatecan, deruxtecan (Dxd), and SN-38, were evaluated. Cytotoxicity of OBI-992 along with other ADC was measured in both 2D and 3D spheroids cancer cells (gastric cancer NCI-N87, pancreatic cancer Capan1, and prostate cancer DU145). TROP2 and BCRP expression as well as potential mutations in TOP1 were investigated in TROP2 ADCs-induced resistant colon cancer cells. The synergistic effects of the combination of OBI-992 with PARP inhibitors were evaluated. RESULTS Clinical study: Positive correlations between high mRNA expressions of both TROP2 (p=0.0075) and TOP1 (p=0.043) with poor overall survival for colon cancer patients were found. In vitro: The R4702 antibody displayed different binding epitopes from sacituzumab and datopotamab. In addition, R4702 showed lower non-specific binding and better binding affinity to TROP2 antigen than datopotamab. The payload exatecan demonstrated excellent ICD effects. Relatively higher cytotoxicity was observed by exatecan when compared to that of Dxd and SN-38. OBI-992 exhibited excellent activities on cell growth inhibition in 2D cell cultures and 3D cell spheroids. TROP2 down-regulation and BCRP upregulation were not found in OBI-992-induced resistant cells. A mutation R364H was identified in TOP1 in the resistance study with OBI-992, which is critical for the binding to TOP1 inhibitors camptothecin analogs. Finally, a synergistic effect of OBI-992 and PARP inhibitors (talazoparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and olaparib) on the enhancement of cancer cell killing and DNA damage was observed. CONCLUSION High expression of both TROP2 and TOP1 is associated with poor survival in patients with colon cancer. R4702 is a novel TROP2 antibody with a unique binding epitope and low non-specific binding. Exatecan and exatecan-conjugated ADC OBI-992 showed high cytotoxic activities. Combination of OBI-992 with PARP inhibitors have potential in TROP2-expressing malignancies. Citation Format: Tzer-Min Kuo, Ting-Yu Chang, Jye-Yu Huang, Wei-Chien Tang, Chun-Jung Lin, Yi-Chen Wu, Chi-Huan Lu, Hao-Cheng Weng, Yu-Jung Chen, Yu-Hsuan Tsao, Cheng-Yen Wei, Lifen Shen, Wan-Fen Li, Ming-Tain Lai. In vitro characterization of a novel TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate OBI-992 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3130.

Abstract Background: The etiology of lung cancer among never-smokers is unclear despite 15% of cases in men and 53% in women worldwide are not smoking-related. Metabolomics provides a snapshot of dynamic biochemical activities, including those found to be driving tumor formation and progression. This study used untargeted metabolomics with network analysis to agnostically identify network modules and independent metabolites in pre-diagnostic blood samples among never-smokers to further understand the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Methods: Within the prospective Shanghai Women’s Health Study, we conducted a nested case-control study of 395 never-smoking incident lung cancer cases and 395 never-smoking controls matched on age. We performed liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry to quantify 20,348 unique metabolic features in plasma. Because metabolic features are expected to be highly correlated and more likely to be involved in biological processes as a network of intertwined features than individually, we agnostically constructed 28 network modules using a weighted correlation network analysis approach. The associations between metabolite network modules and individual metabolites with lung cancer were assessed using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for age, body mass index, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. We accounted for multiple testing using a false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.20. Results: We identified a network module of 122 metabolic features enriched in lysophosphatidylethanolamines that was associated with all lung cancer combined (p = 0.001, FDR = 0.028) and lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.002, FDR = 0.056) and another network module of 440 metabolic features that was associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.014, FDR = 0.196). Metabolic features were enriched in pathways associated with cell growth and proliferation, including oxidative stress, bile acid biosynthesis, and metabolism of nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, including 1-carbon compounds. Conclusions: Our prospective study suggests that untargeted plasma metabolomics in pre-diagnostic samples could provide new insights into the etiology of lung cancer in never-smokers. Replication and further characterization of these associations are warranted. Citation Format: Mohammad L. Rahman, Xiao-Ou Shu, Douglas Walker, Dean P. Jones, Wei Hu, Bu-tian Ji, Batel Blechter, Jason YY Wong, Qiuyin Cai, Gong Yang, Tu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan. A nested case-control study of untargeted plasma metabolomics and lung cancer risk among never-smoking women in the prospective Shanghai Women’s Health Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6056.

During the fungal forays for the collection of macro-fungi from different districts of Punjab province of Pakistan three specimens of Termitomyces were collected in the rainy seasons of the year 2021 and 2022s. After detailed morpho-anatomical studies, these specimens were recognized as T. umkowaan, which an edible taxon, and first time reported from two districts (Khanewal and Lahore) of Pakistan. In current study, taxonomic description, macrographs of basidiomata, illustrations and light micrographs of microscopic features are given. Morpho-anatomical comparison with similar species is also provided. REFERENCES Aryal HP, Budathoki U (2015). Systematics of Nepalese Termitomyces. Our Nature. 13: 31-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ on.v13i1.14207 Batra LR, Batra SWT (1979). Termite–fungus mutualism. Batra LR, Batra SWT editors. Insect-fungus symbiosis. New York, USA. https://lccn.loc.gov/78020640 Chakraborty I, Mondal S, Rout D, Islam SS (2006). A water-insoluble (1→ 3)-β-d-glucan from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus. Res. 341: 2990-2993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2006.09.009 FrØSlev TG, Aanen DK, Laessøe T, Rosendahl S (2003). Phylogenetic relationships of Termitomyces and related taxa. Res. 107: 1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756203008670 Heim R (1942). New descriptive studies on termitophilous agarics of tropical Africa. Nat. Hist. 6: 107-166. https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/archives-serie6/18/1/2 Hussain S, Afshan NS, Ahmad H, Khalid AN (2015). New report of edible mushroom, Termitomyces umkowaan from Pakistan. Sylwan. 159: 185-197. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292158545_Title_New_Report_of_edible_mushroom_Termitomyces_umkowaan_from_Pakistan Izhar A, Khalid AN, Bashir H (2020). Termitomyces sheikhupurensis nov.(Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan, evidence from morphology and DNA sequences data. Turk. J. Bot. 44: 694-704. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=botany Kansci G, Mossebo DC, Selatsa AB, Fotso M (2003). Nutrient content of some mushroom species of the genus Termitomyces consumed in Cameroon. Food/Nahrung. 47: 213-216. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12866626/ Karun NC, Sridhar KR (2013). Occurrence and distribution of Termitomyces (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Western Ghats and on the west coast of India. Mykol. 65: 233-254. http://www.czechmycology.org/_cmo/CM65207.pdf Khowala S, Ghosh AK, Sengupta S (1992). Saccharification of xylan by an amyloglucosidase of Termitomyces clypeatus and synergism in the presence of xylanase. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37: 287-292. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00210979 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of Fungi, 10th edn. CABI press, UK. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311424562_Dictionary_of_the_Fungi10th_ed Nobre T, Aanen DK (2012). Fungiculture or Termite Husbandry? The Ruminant Hypothesi. Insects. 3: 307-323. Ogundana SK, Fagade OE (1982). Nutritive value of some Nigerian edible mushrooms. Food chem. 8: 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(82)90028-0 Razaq A, Ishaq A, Ilyas S, Niaz S, Sadia S (2023). Termitomyces pakistanensis, a new mushroom species from Pakistan based on scanning electron microscopy and ITS‐rDNA barcoding. Res. Tech. 86: 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24265 Sultana K, Rauf CA, Riaz A, Naz F, Irshad G, Haque MI (2011). Checklist of agarics of Kaghan valley. Pak. J. Bot. 43: 1777-1787. Tang SM, He MQ, Raspe O, Luo X, Zhang XL, Li YJ, Su KM, Li SH, Thongklang N, Hyde KD (2020). Two new species of Termitomyces (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) from China and Thailand. Phytotaxa. 439: 231-242. 11646/PHYTOTAXA.439.3.5 Tibuhwa DD (2012). Termitomyces species from Tanzania, their cultural properties and unequalled basidiospores. J. Bio. Life Sci. 3: 2157-6076. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v3i1.1723 Usman M, Khalid AN (2020). Termitomyces acriumbonatus nov. (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan. Phytotaxa. 477: 217-228. Wei TZ, Tang BH, Yao YJ (2009). Revision of Termitomyces in China. Mycotaxon. 108: 257-285.

Abstract Background: The etiology of lung cancer among never-smokers has not been adequately elucidated despite that globally15% of lung cancer cases in men and 53% in women are not smoking-related. Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation (DNAm), have been suggested as possible underlying mechanisms. However, only a few prospective epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of lung cancer incidence have been conducted, all exclusively focused on DNAm in peripheral blood cells and included a minimal number of never-smokers. We aimed to investigate genome-wide DNAm associations and epigenetic age acceleration with future risk of lung cancer among never-smokers using pre-diagnostic oral rinse samples. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 80 never-smoking incident lung cancer cases and 83 comparable never-smoking controls nested in two large prospective cohorts: the Shanghai Women’s Health Study and Shanghai Men’s Health Study. DNAm was measured using the Illumina EPIC array. The top 50 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified from a discovery sample and tested for replication in a validation sample using robust linear regression models. We also conducted an EWAS in the pooled sample. We examined functional overlap enrichment across chromatin states and histone mark broadPeaks for the top 1000 DMPs using eFORGE and constructed enrichment biological pathways analyses. Results: Across discovery and pooled EWAS, we identified four DMPs associated with lung cancer at the epigenome-wide significance level of P&lt;8.0x10-8 (cg01411366: SLC9A10, P=7.23x10-08; cg00811020: NAA30, P=3.95x10-08; cg05658193: EIF2A, SERP1, P=5.02x10-08; and cg09198866: unannotated, P=5.39x10-09). The top 1000 DMPs were significantly enriched in epithelial regulatory regions and were associated with small GTPase-mediated signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, epigenetic age acceleration, measured by the GrimAge clock was prospectively associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR=1.19 per year of acceleration; 95% CI: 1.06-1.34) in logistic regression models. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first prospective EWAS of lung cancer among never-smokers using oral rinse samples. Our results show that DNAm in pre-diagnostic oral rinse samples can provide new insights into lung cancer etiology and risk factors. Citation Format: Mohammad L. Rahman, Charles E. Breeze, Xiao-Ou Shu, Jason YY Wong, Andres Cardenas, Xuting Wang, Bu-Tian Ji, Wei Hu, Batel Blechter, Qiuyin Cai, H Dean Hosgood, Gong Yang, Jianxin Shi, Jirong Long, Yu-Tang Gao, Douglas Bell, Wei Zheng, Qing Lan, Nathaniel Rothman. Epigenome-wide association study of lung cancer among never-smokers in two prospective cohorts in Shanghai [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3483.

Abstract Background:KAZ954 (KAZ), a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, is a potent, selective inhibitor of anti-ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (ENTPD2). Preclinical data show that KAZ blocks the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, enhances immune activation in the tumor microenvironment, and augments the efficacy of PDR001 (PDR, anti-PD-1), and NIR178 (NIR, adenosine A2aR inhibitor). Methods: This is an open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation (ESC)/expansion study (NCT04237649). We present the dose-ESC results of KAZ single-agent (SA) and with PDR or NIR in patients (pts) with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Dose ESC was guided by Bayesian logistic regression models and comprised 3 arms: (1) SA KAZ administered intravenously (IV) at 30, 50, 100, and 150 mg biweekly (Q2W) flat dosing; KAZ 100 mg priming dose followed by 300, 600, and 1200 mg experimental dose; (2) KAZ 100 mg priming dose followed by 300, 600, and 1200 mg experimental dose with PDR 400 mg IV every 4 weeks; and (3) KAZ 100 mg priming dose followed by 300 and 600 mg experimental dose with NIR 160 and 240 mg twice daily orally. Primary objectives were to evaluate safety and tolerability and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended dose for expansion (RDE). Secondary objectives were to assess antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK). Tumor biopsies and blood samples were taken for biomarker analysis. Results: As of March 20, 2023, 77 pts were enrolled in ESC KAZ (n=43), KAZ+PDR (n=18), and KAZ+NIR (n=16) arms. Tumor types enrolled were microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (37, 48%), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (27, 35%), cholangiocarcinoma (10, 13%), and esophageal cancer (3, 4%). At data cutoff, 43 (100%), 15 (83.3%), and 11 (68.8%) pts discontinued treatment, and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 37 (86%), 12 (66.7%), and 13 (81.3%) pts in KAZ, KAZ+PDR, and KAZ+NIR arms, respectively. KAZ had an acceptable and manageable safety profile. Given the occurrence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) observed with cycle 1 day 1 (C1D1), prophylactic premedication with acetaminophen, antihistamine, and corticosteroid, together with a priming dose on C1D1, was established as the recommended regimen to administer KAZ. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported in 9 pts(20.9%) in KAZ, most commonly CRS and decreased lymphocyte count (n=2 each); 7 pts(38.9%) in KAZ+PDR, most commonly lymphopenia and increased aspartate aminotransferase (n=2 each); and 2 pts(12.5%) in KAZ+NIR (asthenia and lymphopenia [n=1 each]). No MTDs were reached in any treatment arm explored. Although no objective responses were observed, 12(27.9%), 2(11.1%), and 2(12.5%) pts showed stable disease in the KAZ, KAZ+PDR, and KAZ+NIR arms, respectively. Conclusions: KAZ was considered to be safe and well tolerated at all doses, and PK/PD analysis suggest effective ENTPD2 inhibition from a dose range of 150 to 1200 mg Q2W. Although a biologically active dose range was established, further dose-exploration studies are required to establish an RDE. Citation Format: Devalingam Mahalingam, Chia-Chi Lin, Philippe L. Bedard, Massimo Di Nicola, Zev Wainberg, Patricia LoRusso, Shubham Pant, Brigette B.Y. Ma, Wei-Peng Yong, Mia C. Weiss, Alessio Amatu, Kentaro Yamazaki, Lisa Nardi, Jong Bong Lee, Mike Roy, Anhthu Dang, Shu Yang, Bernard Pereira, Javier A. Otero, Teresa Macarulla. A Phase 1/1b study of KAZ954 alone and in combination with spartalizumab (PDR001) and taminadenant (NIR178) in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B114.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal human cancers, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 10.8%. Early detection is critical for improving pancreatic cancer prognosis, but biomarkers for early detection are lacking. We conducted a two-stage study to identify circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer early detection using pre-diagnostic plasma samples, collected within 5 years prior to cancer diagnosis, from case-control studies nested in five prospective studies. The discovery stage included 185 case-control pairs from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. Replication stage samples comprised 277 case-control pairs from diverse cohorts: Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies, Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), and Multiethnic Cohort. Controls were individually matched on age at enrollment, sex, recruitment site (SCCS), race/ethnicity, and date of blood draw in each cohort. Cell-free small RNAs were extracted from plasma samples and miRNAs were measured by the NanoString nCounter Analysis System using the Human v3 miRNA Expression panel (a total of 798 miRNAs). Normalized miRNAs were categorized by decile. For miRNAs that have ≥10% samples with an undetectable level (0), the non-zero level was categorized by approximately 10% increment. Associations of circulating miRNAs with pancreatic cancer risk, measured in odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per decile change, were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses in discovery and replication studies, separately within each cohort, and results meta-analyzed. We identified three miRNAs, hsa-miR-199a-3p+/hsa-miR-199b-3p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-767-5p, being consistently associated with pancreatic risk in both discovery and replication sets, with combined ORs (95% CIs) of 0.89 (0.84-0.95), 0.90 (0.85-0.95), and 1.08 (1.02-1.13), and P of 9.09E-05, 6.95E-05 and 4.03E-03, respectively. Adjustment for age, BMI, smoking, diabetes and family history of pancreatic cancer did not change the associations. Stratified analyses by age at diagnosis found five additional replicated miRNAs: hsa-miR-640, hsa-miR-1299, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-874-5p, and hsa-miR-449b-5p among those 65 years or older, with combined ORs (95% CIs) of 1.33 (1.16-1.52), 1.28 (1.12-1.46), 0.76 (0.65-0.89), 1.25 (1.09-1.43), and 1.22 (1.07-1.39), and P-value ranging from 4.75E-05 to 0.003. These results suggest that circulating miRNA biomarkers may be useful in identifying individuals with high risk of developing pancreatic cancer for close surveillance and/or a screening test. Citation Format: Cong Wang, Hui Cai, Qiuyin Cai, Jie Wu, Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, Clair Zhu, Yu-Tang Gao, Jordan Berlin, Fei Ye, Wei Zheng, Veronica W. Setiawan, Xiao-Ou Shu. Circulating miRNA as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer early detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB109.

We demonstrate a passive Q-switched at 2 um region by integrating Bismuth (III) Telluride (Bi2/Te3) embedded in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). Bi2Te3 was embedded in PVA by solution casting approach to develop a Bi2/Te3-PVA film and integrated in the laser cavity with ring configuration to generate pulse laser. The experimental works show that the proposed passive saturable absorber operates at input pump power ranges from 637 mW to 784 mW with central wavelength of 1957.6 nm. We observed the tunable repetition rate from 12.6 kHz to 26.1 kHz with the shortest pulse width of 2.22 us. The laser produces maximum instantaneous output peak power and pulse energy of 0.42 W and 0.94 uJ, respectively. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Qi, Y. Chen, Z. Wang, S. Wen, and D. Tang, "Ultra-short pulse generation by a topological insulator based saturable absorber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 211106 (2012). CrossRef Z. C. Luo, M. Liu, H. Liu, X.-W. Zheng, A.-P. Luo, C.-J. Zhao, H. Zhang, S. C. Wen, and W.-C. Xu, "2GHz passively harmonic mode-locked fiber laser by a microfiber-based topological insulator saturable absorber", Opt. Lett. 38, 5212 (2013). CrossRef J. Lee, J. Koo, Y. M. Jhon, and J. H. Lee, "A femtosecond pulse erbium fiber laser incorporating a saturable absorber based on bulk-structured Bi2Te3 topological insulator", Opt. Express 22, 6165 (2014). CrossRef M. Jung, J. Lee, J. Koo, J. Park, Y. W. Song, K. Lee, S. Lee, and J. H. Lee, "A femtosecond pulse fiber laser at 1935 nm using a bulk-structured Bi2Te3 topological insulator", Opt. Express 22, 7865(2014). CrossRef Y. H. Lin, C. Y. Yang, S.-F. Lin, W. H. Tseng, Q. Bao, C. I. Wu, and G.R. Lin, "Soliton compression of the erbium-doped fiber laser weakly started mode-locking by nanoscale p-type Bi2Te3 topological insulator particles", Laser Phys. Lett. 11, 055107(2014). CrossRef J. Lee et al., "All-fiberized, passively Q-switched 1.06 ?m laser using a bulk-structured Bi2Te3 topological insulator", Journal of Optics 16, 085203(2014). CrossRef Y. Chen, et al., "Large Energy, Wavelength Widely Tunable, Topological Insulator Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 20, 315(2014). CrossRef M. Wu et al., "Nanosecond Q -Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser With Wide Pulse-Repetition-Rate Range Based on Topological Insulator", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 50, 393(2014). CrossRef J. Lee et al., "Dry Etched Waveguide Laser Diode on GeOI", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 21, 31(2015). CrossRef J. Li et al., "3-?m mid-infrared pulse generation using topological insulator as the saturable absorber ", Optics Letters 40, 3659(2015). CrossRef Z. Luo et al., "Topological-Insulator Passively Q-Switched Double-Clad Fiber Laser at 2 ?m Wavelength", IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron 20, 0902708 (2014). CrossRef M. C. Paul, A. Dhar, S. Das, A. A. Latiff,M. T. Ahmad,and S. W. Harun, "Enhanced Erbium?Zirconia?Yttria?Aluminum Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier" IEEE Photonics Journal 7, 7100408 (2015). CrossRef H. Liu et al., "Femtosecond pulse generation from a topological insulator mode-locked fiber laser", Optics Express 22, 6868 (2014). CrossRef Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, "Ultrafast lasers mode-locked by nanotubes and graphene", Physica E 44, 1082(2012). CrossRef J. Lee, M. Jung, J. Koo, C. Chi, and J. Lee, "Dry Etched Waveguide Laser Diode on GeOI", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 21, 0900206 (2015). CrossRef H. Ahmad, A. Z. Zulkifli, K. Thambiratnam, and S. W. Harun, "2.0-?m Q-Switched Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser With Graphene Oxide Saturable Absorber", IEEE Photonics Journal5, 1501108(2013). CrossRef

Abstract Background: Exogenous sex hormone supplements had been associated with increased lung cancer mortality in a large clinical trial. No study to date has evaluated temporal trajectories of circulating sex hormones and aromatase activity and their associations with lung cancer survival. Objective: To characterize temporal changes in prediagnostic levels of circulating sex hormones and aromatase activity and to evaluate their associations with overall survival in lung cancer patients. Methods: Included in the analysis were 385 incident lung cancer patients identified in a large prospective cohort among postmenopausal women who had never used cigarette products nor exogenous sex hormone supplements. Concentrations of sex hormones were quantitated using LC-MS/MS assays in prediagnostic plasma samples. The product-substrate molar ratio of estrone to androstenedione was used as an index of aromatase activity (IAA). A multivariable Cox model with restricted cubic spline functions was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival. Results: Of 385 patients with lung cancer, 308 died during a median follow-up of 18.1 years. Initial analyses in all patients showed that higher levels of circulating estrone and IAA and lower levels of androstenedione and testosterone were associated with poorer overall survival after adjusting for nonclinical covariates. In analyses restricted to those with clinical data (n=281), stronger associations were found after further adjustment for tumor stage and treatment regimens. Compared with patients at the median level of IAA, adjusted HRs (95% CI) for total mortality in those at the 30th, 70th, 90th and 95th percentiles were 0.98 (0.84-1.13), 1.05 (0.94-1.16), 1.28 (1.06-1.54), and 1.64 (1.27-2.12), respectively, with P-overall &lt; 0.001. A similar positive association was observed for estrone. In contrast, inverse associations were seen for androgens. For example, compared with the median level of testosterone, HRs (95% CI) for those at the 5th, 10th, 30th, 70th percentiles were 2.10 (1.43-3.09), 1.69 (1.29-2.23), 1.45 (1.19-1.76), and 0.86 (0.78-0.94), respectively, with P-overall = 0.001. Further, we found that circulating levels of sex hormones changed during disease progression. The closer the hormone measurement to cancer diagnosis the higher the IAA and estrone levels (P-overall &lt; 0.001 for both), and the temporal change plateaued 10 years before cancer diagnosis (P-nonlinearity &lt; 0.001 for both). An opposite temporal pattern was found for testosterone. Moreover, the significant association between sex hormones and lung cancer survival was only observed when sex hormones were measured within 10 years before diagnosis. Conclusions: Findings from our study, for the first time, demonstrate temporal changes in circulating sex hormones and their associations with lung cancer survival in postmenopausal women. Citation Format: Yingya Zhao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Yu-Tang Gao, Mark M. Kushnir, Qiuyin Cai, Hui Cai, Qing Lan, Nathaniel Rothman, Wei Zheng, Gong Yang. Temporal changes in circulating sex hormones and aromatase activity and associations with lung cancer survival in postmenopausal women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6491.

Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal cancers and currently used biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis are not adequate for early detection. Therefore, new biomarkers for PDAC early detection are urgently needed. We conducted a large-scale study to prospectively evaluate the association of circulating miRNAs with PDAC risk. Specially, we aimed to examine whether the associations of miRNAs expression levels and changes of those levels from blood collection to cancer diagnosis (BCCD) with PDAC risk. We used pre-diagnostic plasma samples of 1307 PDAC cases from 5 cohort studies (290 from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, 395 from the Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies, 154 from the Southern Community Cohort Study, and 468 from the Multiethnic Cohort). Cancer free controls (n=1307) were selected and individually matched to index cases in each cohort. All miRNAs were measured by the NanoString nCounter Analysis System using the Human v3 miRNA Expression panel (798 miRNAs total). Data were pooled and quantile normalized prior to analysis. Associations of circulating miRNAs with PDAC risk were assessed by odds ratio per decile change in miRNA levels using conditional logistic regression. Fold-change of miRNA for cases versus controls by BCCD was analyzed via linear regression. Median time of BCCD was 7.13 years (range: 0.03-19.61 years). We first conducted the association analysis stratified by BCCD: &lt; 5 years, 5-10 years, and &gt;10 years. We found 20 miRNAs were significantly associated with PDAC risk in the &lt;5 years after FDR correction. In the analysis of regressing fold-change of these 20 miRNAs on BCCD, we found the fold change of miR-155-5p was inversely associated with BCCD (β=-0.04, P&lt;0.01), i.e., the case-control difference was larger when blood was drawn closer to PDAC diagnosis, suggesting its potential utility as disease biomarkers for early detection. Conversely, the fold-change of miR-93-5p (β=0.04, P=0.01), miR-223-3p (β=0.03, P=0.02), let-7i-5p (β=0.03, P&lt;0.01), and miR-191-5p (β=0.05, P&lt;0.01) were positively associated with BCCD, i.e., the case-control difference increased with an increasing the time interval of BCCD, indicating they are more likely biomarkers for PDAC risk. Ingenuity pathway analyses of these five significant miRNAs revealed that they were significantly enriched in ribonucleotide reductase signaling pathways at p&lt;0.05. Notably, the silencing of ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit suppresses tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer by deactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, further supporting our findings. Findings of this large-scale multiethnic study suggest that changes in circulating levels of let-7i-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-191-5p, and miR-223-3p may help identify individuals at an elevated risk of developing PDAC, allowing for screening tests and close surveillance. Citation Format: Hui Cai, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Xingyi Guo, Jie Wu, Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon, Claire Zhu, Yu-Tang Gao, Jordan Berlin, Fei Ye, Qiuyin Cai, Wei Zheng, Xiao-ou Shu. Associations of circulating miRNAs with pancreatic cancer risk differ by years between blood collection & and cancer diagnosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 468.

Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), as a major type of energy storage devices besides rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, holds excellent properties such as high power density and ultra-long cycling stability[1-3]; however, its fast self-discharge process has become the major issue that impedes its development and application. Even though research on EDLCs’ self-discharge has demonstrated that the fast self-discharge rate can be tuned even repressed through modifying certain structural properties of electrodes or electrolytes[4-9], to the end of realizing full control over the self-discharge process requires unveiling the fundamental relation between structural parameters (i.e., the pore structure, the surface functionalities, the electrolytic ion size and shape, and etc.) and the self-discharge performance. Carbon, due to its superior chemical stability, high surface area, natural abundance, etc.[4,10], has become one of the main types of electrode materials under extensive research interest for developing advanced EDLCs. Herein, we focus on tuning the pore size, one of the major structural properties of carbon materials relating to its electrochemical performance, to study its effects on self-discharge process and to learn how to construct the optimal pore structure with respect to certain application requirements. In this work, porous carbon materials with designed pore structure are prepared via soft-template method to analyse the self-discharge performance. Through investigating the effects of pore size, as the single variable, on the self-discharge process, as well as on the micro-electrochemical process on the electrode/electrolyte interface, underlying mechanism between pore size and the self-discharge performance has been constructed. These findings should provide guidance on how to locate the optimal pore size for a chosen electrolyte and to realize control over self-discharge, which will serve as solid references for designing the next-generation EDLCs with high performance and controllable self-discharge rates. Reference [1] X. Chen, R. Paul, L. Dai, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2017, 4(3), 453-489. [2] G. Wang, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev ., 2012, 41, 797-828. [3] Y. Liu, Y. Shen, L. Sun, J. Li, C. Liu, W. Ren, F. Li, L. Gao, J. Chen, F. Liu, Y. Sun, N. Tang, H. Cheng, Y. Du, Nat. Commun., 2016, 7, 10921. [4] Q. Zhang, C. Cai, J.W. Qin, B.Q. Wei, Nano Energy., 2014, 4, 14-22. [5] T. Tevi, H. Yaghoubi, J. Wang, A. Takshi, J. Power Sources., 2013, 241, 589-596. [6] L. Chen, H. Bai, Z. Huang, L. Li, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 1750-1759. [7] G. Shul, D. Bélanger, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 19137-19145. [8] M. Xia, J. Nie, Z. Zhang, X. Lu, Z.L. Wang, Nano Energy., 2018, 47, 43-50. [9] J. Menzel, E. Frackowiak, K. Fic, Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 332, 135435. [10] D.P. Dubal, O. Ayyad, V. Ruiz, P. Gomez-Romero, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 1777–1790. Figure 1

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin and prone to early hematogenous metastases. The 5-year overall survival of metastatic OS is only approximately 20% to 30%. Therefore, it is still clinical dilemma in the treatment of OS. Thus,understanding the molecular features of metastatic osteosarcoma become increasingly important. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded or fresh tissues and matched blood samples were collected from OS patients for whole exome sequencing using next-generation sequencing at OrigiMed (Shanghai, China), a College of American Pathologists accredited and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments certified laboratory. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations (SNVs), short and long insertions/deletions (INDELs), copy number variations (CNVs), and gene rearrangements were assessed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the number of tumor neoantigens (NEO) were also measured. Results In total, 38 patients including 29 males and 9 females were recruited with a median age of 19.5 years. Among them, 12 patients had first metastases to bone (group B). The metastatic sites included femur, fibula, pelvis, ribs, sacrum, and spine. The median age of group B was 19.5 years. Twenty-six (26) patients had first metastases to lung (group L). The median age of group L was 14 years.The most frequently mutated genes in OS was TP53 (55.3%), followed by MYC (36.8%), MUC16 (26.3%), PTK2 (21.1%), RAD21 (21.1%), and CDK4 (18.4%). However, genetic features between Groups B and Group L patients were different. In group B patients, the median percentage of SNVs and short INDELs was 94.7% of the overall mutations, and the median percentage of CNVs was 4.3%. In contrast, the median percentage of SNVs and short INDELs in group L was 58.8%, and the median percentage of CNVs was 36.7%. The mutations patterns were clearly different between Group B and Group L with a predominant SNV & INDEL in Group B and a mixture feature of SNV & INDEL and CNV in Group L. Inaddition the median TMB in group B was significantly higher than that in group L (4.85 muts/Mb vs 2.4 muts/Mb, P&lt;0.05). Also, the median number of tumor NEO in group B was nearly 6 times higher than that in group L (743 vs 128.5, P=0.0016). Conclusion Our study identified different molecular features of patients with OS firstly metastasizing to lung and to bone. OS with first bone metastases had a predominant SNV and short INDEL, high TMB level, and high NEO counts, while OS with first lung metastasis had an increased CNV, low TMB, and low NEO counts. Our results suggest that metastatic OS that firstly spread to bone and to lung may be two distinct subgroups and may adopt different treatment strategies. Citation Format: Lu Xie, Zhenyu Cai, Xiaodong Tang, Wei Guo, Fanfei Meng, Xin Zhang, Xiaoliang Shi, Fei Pang. Distinct genetic features between osteosarcomas firstly metastasizing to bone and to lung [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5669.

Abstract Untreated prostate cancers rely on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for growth and survival, forming the basis for the initial efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Yet the disease can relapse and progress to a lethal stage termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Reactivation of AR signaling represents the most common driver of CRPC growth, and next-generation AR signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) are now used in combination with ADT as first-line therapy. However, ARSIs can result in selective pressure, thereby generating AR-independent tumors. The transition from AR dependence frequently accompanies a change in a phenotype resembling developmental transdifferentiation or “lineage plasticity”. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which lacks a defined pathologic classification, is the most studied type of lineage plasticity. However, most AR-null tumors do not exhibit neuroendocrine features and are classified as “double-negative prostate cancer”, the drivers of which are poorly defined. Lineage plasticity studies in CRPC are limited by the lack of genetically defined patient-derived models that recapitulate the disease spectrum. To address this, we developed a biobank of organoids generated from patient biopsies to study the landscape of metastatic CRPC and allow for functional validation assays. Proteins called transcription factors (TFs) are drivers of tumor lineage plasticity. To identify the key TFs that drive the growth of AR-independent tumors, we integrated epigenetic and transcriptomic data generated from CRPC models. We generated ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing) and RNA-seq data from 22 metastatic human prostate cancer organoids, six patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), and 12 derived or traditional cell lines. We classified the 40 models into four subtypes and predicted key TFs of each subtype. Besides the well-characterized AR-dependent (CRPC-AR) and neuroendocrine subtypes (CRPC-NE), we identified two novel AR-negative/low groups, including a Wnt-dependent subtype (CRPC-WNT), driven by TCF/LEF TFs, and a stem cell-like (SCL) subtype (CRPC-SCL), driven by the AP-1 family of TFs. To apply the subtype classification to patient samples, we derived RNA-seq signatures from the organoids and applied them to 366 patient samples from two independent CRPC cohorts. The generated signatures recapitulated the four-subtype classification and revealed that CRPC-SCL is the second most prevalent group. Patients from CRPC-SCL are also associated with shorter time under ARSI treatment compared to CRPC-AR, indicating that the ARSI treatments were less effective for CRPC-SCL patients. Additional chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis indicated that AP-1 (FOSL1) collaboratively binds with TEAD and transcription coactivators, YAP and TAZ. Knocking down of AP-1 (FOSL1), YAP/TAZ decreased cell growth of CRPC-SCL and showed a decrease of chromatin accessibility at CRPC-SCL-specific open chromatin sites and down-regulation of YAP/TAZ target gene expression. In addition, the expression of AP-1 (FOSL1) decreased upon YAP/TAZ knockdown suggesting a positive feedback loop as well as YAP/TAZ as actional targets in CRPC-SCL. We used two small-molecule inhibitors, verteporfin and T-5224, that act on the YAP/TAZ/AP-1 pathway for their potential use as therapeutics for CRPC-SCL tumors, both inhibited the growth of samples from CRPC-SCL but not CRPC-AR. By overexpressing an AP-1 family gene (FOSL1) in AR-high cells, we observed an increase in chromatin accessibility at CRPC-SCL-specific open chromatin sites as well as significant up-regulation of CRPC-SCL signature genes, suggesting that AP-1 functions as a pioneering factor and master regulator for CRPC-SCL. All this work was recently published in Science (Tang, Xu et al. Science, 2022) where I am the co-first author. In summary, by using a diverse biobank of organoids, PDXs, and cell lines that recapitulate the heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer, we created a map of the chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic landscape of CRPC. We validated the CRPC-AR and CRPC-NE subtypes and report two novel subtypes of AR-negative/low samples, CRPC-SCL and CRPC-WNT, as well as their respective key TFs. Additional analysis revealed a model in which YAP, TAZ, TEAD, and AP-1 function together and drive oncogenic growth in CRPC-SCL samples. In addition, we proposed small inhibitors of YAP and TAZ that can potentially be used to treat CRPC-SCL patients. Overall, our results show how the stratification of CRPC patients into four subtypes using their transcriptomes can potentially inform appropriate clinical decisions. Citation Format: Fanying Tang, Duo Xu, Shangqian Wang, Chen Khuan Wong, Alexander Martinez-Fundichely, Cindy J. Lee, Sandra Cohen, Jane Park, Corinne E. Hill, Kenneth Eng, Rohan Bareja, Teng Han, Eric Minwei Liu, Ann Palladino, Wei Di, Dong Gao, Wassim Abida, Shaham Beg, Loredana Puca, Maximiliano Meneses, Elisa de Stanchina, Michael F. Berger, Anuradha Gopalan, Lukas E. Dow, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Himisha Beltran, Cora N. Sternberg, Ping Chi, Howard I. Scher, Andrea Sboner, Yu Chen, Ekta Khurana. Chromatin profiles classify castration-resistant prostate cancers suggesting therapeutic targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr NG10.

Background:Denosumab is effective for osteoporosis, but discontinuation leads to rapid reversal of its therapeutic effect[1].Objectives:To estimate the risk for fracture among users of denosumab who delayed subsequent dosages compared with users who received dosages on time.Methods:Population-based cohort study. We included patients aged over 45 years who initiated denosumab for osteoporosis from UK THIN database, 2010 to 2019. Observational data were used to “emulate a hypothetical trial”[2, 3] with three dosing intervals: subsequent denosumab injection 24-28 weeks after prior dose (“on time”), delay by 4-16 weeks (“short delay”), and delay by over 16 weeks (“long delay”). The primary outcome was a composite of all fracture types. Secondary outcomes included major osteoporotic fracture, vertebral fracture, and hip fracture.Results:The rate of composite fracture per 1000 person-years was 58.9 for on-time, 61.7 for short delay, and 85.4 for long delay of subsequent denosumab injections. Compared to on-time injections, short delay had a hazard ratio (HR) for composite fracture 1.03 (95% CI 0.63-1.69) and long delay HR 1.44 (95% CI 0.96-2.17; p for trend 0.093). For major osteoporotic fractures, short delay had an HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.57-1.55) and long delay an HR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.01-2.83; p for trend 0.056). For vertebral fractures, short delay had an HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.58-3.79) and long delay 3.91 (95% CI 1.62-9.45; p for trend 0.005).Conclusion:While delayed subsequent denosumab dosages over 16 weeks was associated with an increased risk of vertebral and major osteoporotic fracture compared to no delay, composite fracture risk was not increased with longer delays.References:[1]Cummings SR, Ferrari S, Eastell R, et al. Vertebral Fractures After Discontinuation of Denosumab: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized Placebo-Controlled FREEDOM Trial and Its Extension. J Bone Miner Res, 2017.[2]Hernán MA. How to estimate the effect of treatment duration on survival outcomes using observational data. BMJ 2018.[3]Hernán MA, Robins JM. Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available. Am J Epidemiol 2016.Table.Rates and Adjusted Hazard Ratios of FractureOn-timeShort delayLong delayP for linear trendComposite FractureRate (per 1000 person-years)5961.785.4-Unadjusted HR (95 %)Ref1.05 (0.62, 1.76)1.45 (0.95, 2.21)0.097Adjusted HR (95% CI)†Ref1.03 (0.63, 1.69)1.44 (0.96, 2.17)0.093Major Osteoporotic FractureRate (per 1000 person-years)34.831.958-Unadjusted HR (95 %)Ref0.92 (0.55, 1.53)1.67 (0.98, 2.84)0.074Adjusted HR (95% CI)†Ref0.94 (0.57, 1.55)1.69 (1.01, 2.83)0.056Vertebral FractureRate (per 1000 person-years)4.97.319.4-Unadjusted HR (95 %)Ref1.47 (0.58, 3.71)3.93 (1.59, 9.72)0.006Adjusted HR (95% CI)†Ref1.48 (0.58, 3.79)3.91 (1.62, 9.45)0.005Hip FractureRate (per 1000 person-years)10.29.618.3-Unadjusted HR (95 %)Ref0.94 (0.43, 2.04)1.78 (0.80, 3.97)0.18Adjusted HR (95% CI)†Ref0.97 (0.44, 2.12)1.75 (0.81, 3.79)0.173†Adjusted model: adjusted by age, sex, baseline CCI index, major osteoporotic fracture, oral BP duration (years), 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture, prior denosumab doses.Acknowledgments:We acknowledge Dr. Dani Prieto-Alhambra for kindly providing Read codes.Disclosure of Interests:Houchen Lyu: None declared, Kazuki Yoshida: None declared, Sizheng Steven Zhao: None declared, Xabier García-Albéniz: None declared, Jie Wei: None declared, Chao Zeng: None declared, Sara Tedeschi: None declared, Benjamin Leder Grant/research support from: Research funding from Amgen, Guanghua Lei: None declared, Peifu Tang: None declared, Daniel Solomon Grant/research support from: Funding from Abbvie and Amgen unrelated to this work

Underwater acoustic signature identification has been employed as a technique for detecting underwater vehicles, such as in anti-submarine warfare or harbour security systems. The underwater sound channel, however, has interference due to spatial variations in topography or sea state conditions and temporal variations in water column properties, which cause multipath and scattering in acoustic propagation. Thus, acoustic data quality control can be very challenging. One of challenges for an identification system is how to recognise the same target signature from measurements under different temporal and spatial settings. This paper deals with the above challenges by establishing an identification system composed of feature extraction, classification algorithms, and feature selection with two approaches to recognise the target signature of underwater radiated noise from a research vessel, Ocean Researcher III, with a bottom mounted hydrophone in five cruises in 2016 and 2017. The fundamental frequency and its power spectral density are known as significant features for classification. In feature extraction, we extract the features before deciding which is more significant from the two aforementioned features. The first approach utilises Polynomial Regression (PR) classifiers and feature selection by Taguchi method and analysis of variance under a different combination of factors and levels. The second approach utilises Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) selecting the optimised parameters of classifier via genetic algorithm. The real-time classifier of PR model is robust and superior to the RBFNN model in this paper. This suggests that the Automatic Identification System for Vehicles using Acoustic Signature developed here can be carried out by utilising harmonic frequency features extracted from unmasking the frequency bandwidth for ship noises and proves that feature extraction is appropriate for our targets. 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Background:Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis, and accumulating evidence have shown that exposure to air pollutants was associated with the development of ILD. Autoimmune diseases are highly correlated with ILD, including connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD) as well as interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), and the development of ILD is a crucial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune diseases. One recent Taiwanese study reported that exposure to air pollutants was associated with incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the impact of air pollutants on the development of ILD among patients with autoimmune diseases remains unknown.Objectives:The study aimed to address the impact of accumulating exposure to air pollutant above moderate level, defined by Air Quality Index (AQI) value higher than 50, on the development of ILD in patients with autoimmune diseases including SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).Methods:We used a National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan to enroll patients with SLE (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code 710.0, n=13,211), RA (ICD-9 code 714.0 and 714.30–714.33, n=32,373), and primary SS (ICD-9 code, 710.0, n=15,246) between 2001 and 2013. We identified newly diagnosed ILD cases (ICD-code 515) between 2012 and 2013 and selected age, sex, disease duration and index-year matched (1:4) patients as non-ILD controls. The hourly levels of air pollutants one year prior to the index-date were obtained from 60 air quality monitoring stations across Taiwan, and the air pollutants in the present study consisted of particulate matter <2.5 μm in size (PM2.5), particulate matter <10 μm in size (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3). We used a spatio-temporal model built by a deep-learning mechanism to estimate levels of air pollutants at 374 residential locations based on data of 3 air quality monitoring stations near the location (8). Notably, we used cumulative exposed hours to air pollutants higher than modest level, defined by AQI criteria, given that daily mean level of air pollutants might possibly underestimate the triggered inflammatory effect by a temporary exposure of high-level air pollutant. A conditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between exposure to air pollutant and the development of ILD, adjusting age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), urbanization, family income, and medications for autoimmune diseases.Results:A total of 272 patients with newly diagnosed ILD were identified among patients with autoimmune diseases, including 39 with SLE, 135 with RA, and 98 with primary SS. We found that the duration of exposure to PM 2.5 higher than modest level was associated with the risk of ILD development in patients with SS (adjOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13), and similar trends were also found in patients with SLE (adjOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95–1.12) and RA (adjOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.07). Intriguingly, we observed an inverse correlation between the duration of exposure to O3 and the development of ILD in patients with SS (adjOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99); however, the finding was not found in patients with SLE (adjOR 1.13, 95% CI 0.92–1.37) and RA (adjOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87–1.11).Conclusion:In conclusion, we identified that longer exposure to PM2.5 higher than modest level tended to be associated with the development of ILD in patients with autoimmune diseases, mainly SS.References:[1] Araki T, Putman RK, Hatabu H, Gao W, Dupuis J, Latourelle JC, et al. Development and Progression of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016;194:1514-1522.[2] Tang KT, Tsuang BJ, Ku KC, Chen YH, Lin CH, Chen DY. Relationship between exposure to air pollutants and development of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:1288-1291.Disclosure of Interests:Hsin-Hua Chen: None declared, Wen-Cheng Chao: None declared, Yi-Hsing Chen Grant/research support from: Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan Department of Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, GSK, Pfizer, BMS., Consultant of: Pfizer, Novartis, Abbvie, Johnson & Johnson, BMS, Roche, Lilly, GSK, Astra& Zeneca, Sanofi, MSD, Guigai, Astellas, Inova Diagnostics, UCB, Agnitio Science Technology, United Biopharma, Thermo Fisher, Gilead., Paid instructor for: Pfizer, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Lilly, Astra& Zeneca, Sanofi, Astellas, Agnitio Science Technology, United Biopharma., Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Abbvie, Johnson & Johnson, BMS, Roche, Lilly, GSK, Astra& Zeneca, Sanofi, MSD, Guigai, Astellas, Inova Diagnostics, UCB, Agnitio Science Technology, United Biopharma, Thermo Fisher, Gilead., Der-Yuan Chen: None declared, Ching-Heng Lin: None declared

Este segundo número do nono volume da revista Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia traz dezoito textos com diferentes contribuições para se pensar sobre questões relativas à Linguística, à Literatura, à Educação e às Tecnologias, especialmente as digitais livres. Destacam-se nos textos publicados a noção de leitura em tempos de cibercultura, incluindo novos estilos e modos de ser que emergem das práticas sociais, que levam à necessidade de novos letramentos; as vantagens da criatividade na utilização de recursos digitais no ensino de línguas; as contribuições de diferentes métodos de pesquisa e análise e as aplicações nos cenários apresentados; análise dos usos de softwares livres na educação, mostrando como eles são relevantes para uma educação aberta e crítica; e as questões peculiares na produção de material didático e sua adequação ao contexto, como no caso da inclusão e do trabalho com multimodalidades.No primeiro eixo temático ou trilha deste número, Linguística e Tecnologia, temos seis artigos publicados. EmContrastes entre a crítica literária especializada e amadora: os booktubers e os discursos sobre o livro e a leitura, Danilo Vizibeli analisa uma notícia midiática para elencar e compreender as formações discursivas sobre o leitor comum e o leitor profissional, mostrando limites entre eles na construção do perfil de leitura e leitor na época da cibercultura. O conceito de booktubers retorna no artigo de Claudia Souza Teixeira e Andressa Abraão Costa, Movimento booktubers: práticas emergentes de mediação de leitura, que investiga as práticas de mediação de leitura desenvolvidas por booktubers, jovens que utilizam o YouTube para compartilhar informações sobre livros e interagir com outros leitores, mostrando características dessas práticas e tipos de livros mais comentados. Paula Daniele Pavan, em “O que é uma obra?”: entre a estabilidade e o deslize em tempos de internet, discute a noção de obra, entre a estabilização ao deslizamento de sentidos, a partir dos efeitos de sentido gerados no discurso oficial e no discurso de debate – materializados nas Leis de Direitos Autorais 5.988, de 14 de dezembro de 1973, e 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, e em textos produzidos durante o processo de reformulação da Lei de Direitos Autorais 9.610/1998. Em A interatividade na poesia digital: palavra, imagem e som em movimento, Simone Dália de Gusmão Aranha e Olivia Rodrigues Borborema discutem sobre características da poesia digital e níveis de interatividade presentes em manifestações desse gênero discursivo, mostrando em cada caso a participação prevista ao hiperleitor, de participação passiva a mais ativa. As autoras Maria José Bocorny Finatto, Monica Stefani, Aline Evers e Bianca Franco Pasqualini, em Vocabulário, complexidade textual e compreensão de leitura em ambientes digitais de ensino: uma investigação inicial com alunos do ensino médio, relatam uma investigação inicial que pretendeu qualificar a elaboração e a facilidade de uso de recursos didáticos para Educação a Distância (EAD) na área de Letras/Língua Portuguesa e Leitura.O artigo espanhol Intertextualidad y coherencia en una crónica de João Ubaldo Ribeiro: abordajes en lectocomprensión, de Carlos Alberto Pasero, nos ensina sobre parâmetros de textualidade como formas de acesso ao texto e que contribuem para a construção de sentido. Para isso, ele recorre a uma crônica literária de caráter argumentativo em língua portuguesa, “Questões gramaticais”, de João Ubaldo Ribeiro. Para fechar essa trilha, em Olhares sobre a linguagem em redes sociais e suas interfaces com a educação crítica e pluralista, Eliane Fernandes Azzari e Rosineide de Melo analisam duas postagens no Facebook a fim de estabelecer possíveis diálogos entre os conceitos de cronotopo e arquitetônica. Elas observam que os letramentos contemporâneos são constituintes de e constituídos por práticas de construir, curtir e compartilhar textos/enunciados permeados pela pluralidade cultural.No outro grande eixo da revista Texto Livre, Educação e Tecnologias, temos seis artigos compartilhados. Elivelton Henrique Gonçalves, Fernanda de Oliveira Costa e Adelma Lúcia de Oliveira Silva Araújo, no texto Formação técnica de professores do ensino médio para uso do tablet educacional: uma pesquisa-ação, buscamcompreender a importância da formação continuada dos professores do Ensino Médio do CESECAugusta Raquel da Silveira, em Lagamar-MG, como uma forma de possibilitar a adoção de novas tecnologias, especificamente o Tablet Educacional, em suas propostas pedagógicas. Maria Carolina Coelho Chimenti e Heloísa Andreia de Matos Lins discutem, em Uma pesquisa-ação no ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa para crianças com uso de tecnologias digitais, as contribuições que subsídios pedagógicos à utilização de tecnologias digitais podem trazer no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa, em duas turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública municipal em Campinas. Elas chegam à conclusão de que é importante nos dias atuais a aprendizagem na infância de um idioma estrangeiro, num cenário em que possam ser (cri)ativas. Também por reflexões sobre o ensino de língua estrangeira, no texto Contribuições do sociointeracionismo para a aprendizagem de um idioma em plataformas digitais, Renata Santos de Morales, Noeli Reck Maggi, André Luis Marques da Silveira e Juliana Figueiró Ramiro apresentam, a partir de um breve estudo de caso que tem como objeto a plataforma de ensino da Língua Inglesa My English Online, considerações iniciais sobre as possíveis contribuições da teoria sociointeracionista para um melhor desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Josiane da Cruz Lima Ribeiro, Ricardo José Rocha Amorim e Rodrigo dos Reis Nunes discutem, em Selfies, emojis, likes: representações voláteis e leituras líquidas na era digital, as funções que códigos de hipermídia têm desempenhado como representações e leituras de si e do outro na era digital, e como a escola tem se portado diante desse novo panorama de tratar a informação e a comunicação voláteis. Com o texto Ética hacker, campos de experimentação e as possibilidades da educação aberta, Ana Carolina Sampaio Coelho coloca em questão os conceitos de “educação aberta” e “educação bancária”, a partir de conceitos tomados de alguns teóricos, como o de “rizoma”, de Deleuze e Guatarri,e “linhas de errância”, de Deligny. Fechando essa trilha, Dayse Garcia Miranda publica o texto Material didático digital: nova forma de o aluno surdo “ler” e “interagir” com os conteúdos educacionais?, pondo em discussão a elaboração de material didático acessível e/ou adaptado a alunos surdos, apoiando-se no argumento de que o contexto educacional contemporâneo é marcado pela diversidade e flexibilidade, como também pela necessidade de atender às diferentes demandas de ordens linguísticas, culturais, sociais e regionais.Na trilha Software Livre Educacional, este número traz à luz duas importantes contribuições. No primeiro artigo, Software livre na educação: uma experiência em cursos de formação docente, Daniele da Rocha Schneider, Sérgio Roberto Kieling Franco e Paulo Francisco Slomp abordam a utilização de um sistema operacional livre e de softwares livres em um curso de formação inicial de docentes. Para isso, eles questionam e dão dicas para o que chamam “desenvolvimento de fluência tecnológica digital”, ou seja, habilidades contemporâneas, conceitos fundamentais e capacidades intelectuais. Também com discussões no nível do ensino superior, Adauto Lúcio Caetano Villela, em Software livre e de código aberto no ensino de programas de apoio à tradução: Omegat, uma alternativa viável, problematiza os Programas de Apoio à Tradução (PAT), discussão que ele considera essencial a todos os cursos que visem preparar os alunos para o efetivo exercício da profissão, em especial aqueles que atuarão em áreas técnicas, principalmente a de localização. Para isso, ele compara e discute como escolher softwares proprietários gratuitos e softwares livres, como o Omegat, a cada situação de uso.No eixo Ensino Superior e Tecnologia, Siane Paula de Araújo, Luhan Dias Souza e Maurício Silva Gino buscam refletir, no artigo Linguística cognitiva e produção/avaliação de objetos de aprendizagem em dança, sobre como a Linguística Cognitiva – no que tange à teoria da metáfora conceitual ao conceito de embodiment –auxilia os processos de delineamento, produção e avaliação de um material didático virtual destinado à disciplina Anatomia para o movimento, do curso de Licenciatura em Dança da Escola de Belas Artes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.Na trilha Resenha, Lígia Cristina Domingos Araújo e Carlos Alexandre Rodrigues de Oliveira apresentam a obra Letramentos na web: gêneros, interação e ensino, de autoria de Júlio César Araújo e Messias Dieb. Os autores da resenha consideram que os quinze artigos propostos são de grande interesse para os estudantes de licenciaturas, professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio e pesquisadores da área de Linguística Aplicada e, embora sendo uma obra de 2009, os assuntos tratados, e como são abordados, continuam atuais e muito relevantes para a prática docente.Por fim, na trilha Cadernos do STIS, Elodia Honse Lebourg e Valdete Aparecida Fernandes fecham as discussões deste número com o artigo O copo meio cheio: a rede como um campo de possibilidades de valorização de professores, em queapresentam o projeto rede Professores transformadores.Desde 2015, o projeto busca, digitalmente, troca de conteúdos, de diálogos e de formação entre professores, pedagogos, gestores, estudantes de licenciatura e interessados por uma Educação mais reflexiva e engajada. Os envolvidos na rede buscam refletir sobre possibilidades de superação das adversidades e de alguns dos dilemas da Educação brasileira.Assim, com essa sucinta apresentação de cada contribuição deste número, esperamos aguçar a curiosidade do leitor e levá-lo a “clicar” sobre os títulos e ler com mais cuidado cada um dos textos que lhe interessar. Desejamos, mais uma vez, uma produtiva leitura a todos!

Introduction & Objective: While current guidelines for T2DM emphasize the importance of achieving glycemic control and weight management goals, it’s worth noting that the perspectives of people with T2DM (PWD) on achieving these goals remain unclear in China. This study aims to describe demographics and clinical experiences of PWD in China and to understand their perspectives on stringent glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 6.5%) and weight loss (≥ 10%). Methods: This cross-sectional mobile web survey was conducted in a representative sample of PWD across China from July to August 2023. Participants aged ≥ 18 years with diagnosed T2DM and aware of their latest HbA1c within past 6 months were enrolled as the study sample. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: The study sample comprised of 495 participants with the mean (SD) age 58.02 (12.44) years and the majority being male (60.20%), overweight/obese (56.37%) and having the latest HbA1c &gt; 6.5% (71.31%). This sample indicated that achieving stringent glycemic control would be extremely (82.83%) or moderately (12.12%) important. Most of the study sample (90.10%) perceived achieving stringent glycemic control could bring positive impact to physical health. More than half of the sample (62.83%) perceived ≥ 10% weight loss as beneficial or neutral. Out of 231 participants who perceived beneficial, 117 (50.65%) and 84 (36.36%) indicated that ≥ 10% weight loss was extremely or moderately important, respectively. Moreover, around 70% of the study sample preferred treatments with higher rates of achieving both stringent glycemic control and weight loss, when safety profiles were similar. Conclusion: This study underscored that the majority of PWD recognized paramount importance of stringent glycemic control and weight loss in China. Their treatment preferences, which reflected their perceptions, may have implications for decision-making of diabetes treatments in clinical practice. Disclosure J. Zhang: None. A. Li: None. J. Quan: None. J. Wu: None. H. Cai: None. Y. Ding: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Tang: Employee; Lilly Diabetes. X. Ma: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Zhang: None. Funding Eli Lilly and Company, Shanghai, China

Introdução: O padrão ouro atual para detectar o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 é por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real de transcrição reversa (RT-rtPCR) em swabs nasofaríngeos (NPS). Por esse motivo, a demanda pelos NPS aumentou e sua escassez se tornou uma realidade em muitos países. Com isso o uso da saliva se mostra uma alternativa promissora na triagem epidemiológica além de ser de fácil coleta e não invasiva. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar o uso da saliva como um espécime alternativo para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: A pesquisa sistemática foi realizada em sete bancos de dados (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar) usando a variação dos termos de pesquisa (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV) AND "Saliva" no ano de 2020, recuperando 5480 publicações. Resultados: Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 411 textos foram conduzidos para leitura integral e 30 publicações foram consideradas para avaliação qualitativa do artigo. Conclusão: A saliva se apresenta um método alternativo eficaz para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2 e diagnóstico de COVID-19.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Betacoronavirus; Saliva; Diagnóstico.ReferênciasHuang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.Wang L, Wang Y, Ye D, Liu Q. A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. J Antimicrob Agents 2020;105948.Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V. 2020. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5:536-544.Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, et al. The incubation period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:577-82.To KK, Tsang OT, Chik-Yan Yip C, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC, et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;149:5734265.Xu R, Cui B, Duan X, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yuan Q. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:11.Khurshid Z, Asiri FYI, Al Wadaani H. Human Saliva: Non-Invasive Fluid for Detecting Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17.Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Slowey PD, Almas K. Human Saliva Collection Devices for Proteomics: An Update. 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Oral Dis. 2020;13365.Chan JFW, Yip CCY, To KKW, Tang THC, Wong SCY, Leung KH, et al. Improved molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by the novel, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay validated in vitro and with clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58:5.Chen L, Zhao J, Peng J, Li X, Deng X, Geng Z, et al. Detection of 2019-nCoV in saliva and characterization of oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Lancet. 2020;3556665.Cheng VC, Wong SC, Chen JH, Yip CC, Chuang VW, Tsang OT, et al. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41:493-498.Han P, Ivanovski S. Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak. Diagn. 2020;10:290.Iwasaki S, Fujisawa S, Nakakubo S, Kamada K, Yamashita Y, Fukumoto T, et al. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva. J Infect. 2020;20:30349.Krajewska J, Krajewski W, Zub K, Zatoński T. COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;1-13.Lalli MA, Chen X, Langmade SJ, Fronick CC, Sawyer CS, Burcea LC, et al. Rapid and extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva with colorimetric LAMP. medRxiv. 2020;7273276.Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10:101-108.Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, Tang SL, Tang CK. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspective. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;105951.McCormick-Baw C, Morgan K, Gaffney D, Cazares Y, Jaworski K, Byrd A, et al. Saliva as an Alternate Specimen Source for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients Using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;01109-20.Pasomsub E, Watcharananan SP, Boonyawat K, Janchompoo P, Wongtabtim G, Suksuwan W, et al. Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;20302780.Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG, Siqueira WL. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clinical oral investigations. 2020;1-3.Sapkota D, Thapa SB, Hasséus B, Jensen JL. Saliva testing for COVID-19?. BDJ. 2020;228:658-659.Sharma S, Kumar V, Chawla A, Logani A. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: Can an endodontist take the lead in point-of-care COVID-19 testing?. Int Endod J. 2020;13317.Tang YW, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58(6).Tatikonda SS, Reshu P, Hanish A, Konkati S, Madham S. A Review of Salivary Diagnostics and Its Potential Implication in Detection of Covid-19. Cureus. 2020;12(4).To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:565-574.Vinayachandran D, Saravanakarthikeyan B. Salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: Future research implications. J Dent Sci. 2020;7177105.Williams E, Bond K, Zhang B, Putland M, Williamson DA. Saliva as a non-invasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;00776-20.Wyllie AL, Fournier J, Casanovas-Massana A, Campbell M, Tokuyama M, Vijayakumar P, et al. Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs. Medrxiv. 2020;20067835.Yoon JG, Yoon J, Song JY, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Seong H, et al. Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(20).Zheng S, Yu F, Fan J, Zou Q, Xie G, Yang X, et al. Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen for SARS-CoV-2 by a PCR-Based Assay: A Diagnostic Validity Study. 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Background: HER2-positive breast cancer is a breast cancer that tests positive with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) promotes the proliferation of breast cancers cells. This research aimed to find the bioactive compounds from Allium sativum for inhibiting HER2 enzyme by using molecular docking method. Materials and method: The protein tyrosin kinase HER2 structure was obtained from Protein Data Bank. Compounds were collected from previous publications of Allium sativum and these structures were retrieved from PubChem database. Molecular docking was done by Autodock vina software. Lipinski’s rule of 5 is used to compare compounds with drug-like and non-drug-like properties. Pharmacokinetic parameters of potential compounds were evaluated using the pkCSM tool. Results: Based on previous publication of Allium sativum, we have collected 55 compounds. The results showed that 2 compounds have HER2 inhibitory activity stronger than the reference compounds including biochanin A và cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside. The Lipinski’s rule of Five showed that these two compounds had propietary drug-likenesss. Moreover, predict ADMET of these compounds was also analyzed. Conclusion: Therefore, biochanin A and cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside may be potential natural product compounds for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. Keywords: Allium sativum, tyrosin kinase HER2, breast cancer HER2 positive, in silico, molecular docking. References [1] S. Libson, M. Lippman. A review of clinical aspects of breast cancer. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 26(1) (2014) 4.[2] D.J. Slamon, G.M. Clark, S.G. Wong, W.J. Levin, A. Ullrich, W.L. McGuire. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235(4785) (1987) 177.[3] U. Krishnamurti, J.F. Silverman. 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In post-socialist China, gender norms are marked by rising divorce rates (Kleinman et al.), shifting attitudes towards sex (Farrer; Yan), and a growing commercialisation of sex (Zheng). These phenomena have been understood as indicative of market reforms unhinging past gender norms. In the socialist period, the radical politics of the time moulded women as gender neutral even as state policies emphasised their feminine roles in maintaining marital harmony and stability (Evans). These ideas around domesticity bear strong resemblance to pre-socialist understandings of womanhood and family that anchored Chinese society before the Communists took power in 1949. In this pre-socialist understanding, women were categorised into a hierarchy that defined their rights as wives, mothers, concubines, and servants (Ebrey and Watson; Wolf and Witke). Women who transgressed these categories were regarded as potentially dangerous and powerful enough to break up families and shake the foundations of Chinese society (Ahern). This paper explores the extent to which understandings of Chinese femininity have been reconfigured in the context of China’s post-1979 development, particularly after the 2000s.The popular television dramas Chinese Style Divorce (2004, Divorce), Dwelling Narrowness (2009, Dwelling), and Divorce Lawyers (2014, Lawyers) are set against this socio-cultural backdrop. The production of these shows is regulated by the China State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT), who has the power to grant or deny production and distribution permits. Post-production, the dramas are sold to state-owned television stations for distribution (Yu 36). Haiqing Yu summarises succinctly the state of Chinese media: “Chinese state manipulation and interference in the media market has seen the party-state media marketized but not weakened, media control decentralized but not reduced, and the media industry commercialized but not privatized” (42). Shot in one of the biggest cities in Shandong, Qingdao, Divorce focuses on Doctor Song Jianping and his schoolteacher wife Lin Xiaofeng and the conflicts between Song and Lin, who quits her job to become a stay-at-home mom after her husband secures a high-paying job in a foreign-invested hospital. Lin becomes paranoid and volatile, convinced that their divorced neighbour Xiao Li is having an affair with Song. Refusing to explain the situation, Song is willing to give her a divorce but fights over guardianship of their son. In the end, it is unconfirmed whether they reconcile or divorce. Divorce was recognised as TV Drama of the Year in 2004 and the two leads also won awards for their acting. Reruns of the show continue to air. According to Hui Faye Xiao, “It is reported that many college students viewed this TV show as a textbook on married life in urban settings” (118). Dwelling examines the issue of skyrocketing housing prices and the fates of the Guo sisters, Haizao and Haiping, who moved from rural China to the competitive economically advanced metropolis. Haiping is obsessed with buying an apartment while her younger sister becomes the mistress of a corrupt official, Song Siming. Both sisters receive favours from Song, which leads to Haiping’s success in purchasing a home. However, Haizao is less fortunate. She has a miscarriage and her uterus removed while Song dies in a car accident. Online responses from the audience praise Dwelling for its penetrating and realistic insights into the complex web of familial relationships navigated by Chinese people living in a China under transformation (Xiao, “Woju”). Dwelling was taken off the air when a SARFT official criticised the drama for violating state-endorsed “cultural standards” in its explicit discussions of sex and negative portrayals of government officials (Hung, “State” 156). However, the show continued to be streamed online and it has been viewed and downloaded more than 100 million times (Yu 34). In Lawyers, Luo Li and Chi Haidong are two competing divorce lawyers in Beijing who finally tie the knot. Chi was a happily married man before catching his wife with her lover. Newly divorced, he moves into the same apartment building as Luo and the drama focuses on a series of cases they handle, most of which involve extramarital affairs. Lawyers has been viewed more than 1.6 billion times online (v.qq.com) and received the China Huading award for “favourite television drama” in 2015. Although these dramas contain some conventional elements of domestic melodramas, such as extramarital affairs and domestic disputes, they differ from traditional Chinese television dramas because they do not focus on the common trope of fraught mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationships.Centred on the politics of family ethics, these hugely popular dramas present the transformation in gender norms as a struggle between post-socialist and pre-socialist understandings of femininity. On the one hand, these dramas celebrate the emergence of a post-socialist femininity that is independent, economically successful, and sexually liberated, epitomising this new understanding of womanhood in the figures of single women and mistresses. On the other hand, the dramas portray these post-socialist women in perpetual conflict with wives and mothers who propound a pre-socialist form of femininity that is sexually conservative and defined by familial relationships, and is economically less viable in the market economy. Focusing on depictions of femininity in these dramas, this paper offers a comparative analysis into the extent to which gender norms have been reconfigured in post-socialist China. It approaches these television dramas as a pedagogical device (Brady) and pays particular attention to the ways through which different categories of women interrogated their rights as single women, mistresses, wives, and mothers. In doing so, it illuminates the politics through which a liberal post-socialist femininity unleashed by market transformation is controlled in order to protect the integrity of the family and maintain social order. Post-Socialist Femininity Unleashed: Single Women and Mistresses A woman’s identity is inextricably linked to her marital status in Chinese society. In pre-socialist China, women relied on men as providers and were expected to focus on contributing to her husband’s family (Ebrey and Watson; Wolf and Witke). This pre-socialist positioning of women within the private realm of the family, though reinterpreted, continued to resonate in the socialist period when women were expected to fulfil marital obligations as wives and participate in the public domain as revolutionaries (Evans). While the pressure to marry has not disappeared in post-socialist China, as the derogatory term “leftover women” (single women over the age of 27) indicates, there are now more choices for single women living in metropolitan cities who are highly educated and financially independent. They can choose to remain single, get married, or become mistresses. Single women can be regarded as a threat to wives because the only thing holding them back from becoming mistresses is their morals. The 28-year-old “leftover woman” Luo Li (Lawyers) is presented as morally superior to single women who choose to become mistresses (Luo Meiyuan and Shi Jiang) and therefore deserving of a happy ending because she breaks up with her boss as soon as she discovers he is married. Luo Li quits to set up a law firm with her friend Tang Meiyu. Both women are beautiful, articulate, intelligent, and sexually liberated, symbolising unleashed post-socialist femininity. Part of the comic relief in Lawyers is the subplot of Luo’s mother trying to introduce her to “eligible” bachelors such as the “PhD man” (Episodes 20–21). Luo is unwilling to lower her standards to escape the stigma of being a “leftover woman” and she is rewarded for adhering to her ideals in the end when she convinces the marriage-phobic Chi Haidong to marry her after she rejects a marriage proposal from her newly divorced ex-lover. While Luo Li refuses to remain a mistress, many women do not subscribe to her worldview. Mistresses have existed throughout Chinese history in the form of concubines and courtesans. A wealthy and powerful man was expected to have concubines, who were usually from lower socio-economic backgrounds (Ebrey and Watson; Liu). Mistresses, now referred to as xiaosan, have become a heated topic in post-socialist China where they are regarded as having the power to destroy families by transgressing moral boundaries. Some argue that the phenomenon is a result of the market-driven economy where women who desire a financially stable life use their sexuality to seek rich married men who lust for younger mistresses as symbols of power. Ruth Y.Y. Hung characterises the xiaosan phenomenon as a “horrendous sex trade [that is] a marker of neoliberal market economies in the new PRC” (“Imagination” 100). A comparison of the three dramas reveals a transformation in the depiction of mistresses over the last decade. While Xiao Li (Divorce) is never “confirmed” as Song Jianping’s mistress, she flirts with him and crosses the boundaries of a professional relationship, posing a threat to the stability of Song’s family life. Although Haizao (Dwelling) is university-educated and has a stable, if low-paying job, she chooses to break up with her earnest caring fiancé to be the mistress of the middle-aged Song Siming who offers her material benefits in the form of “loans” she knows she will never be able to repay, a fancy apartment to live in, and other “gifts” such as dining at expensive restaurants and shopping at big malls. While the fresh-faced Haizao exhibits a physical transformation after becoming Song’s mistress, demonstrated through her newly permed hair coupled with an expensive red coat, mistresses in Lawyers do not change in this way. Dong Dahai’s mistress, the voluptuous Luo Meiyuan is already a successful career woman who flaunts her perfect makeup, long wavy hair, and body-hugging dresses (Episodes 12–26). She exudes sexual confidence but her relationship is not predicated on receiving financial favours in return for sexual ones. She tells Dong’s wife that the only “third person” in a relationship is the “unloved” one (Episode 15). Another mistress who challenges old ideas of the power dynamic of the rich man and financially reliant young woman is the divorced Shi Jiang, Tang Meiyu’s former classmate, who becomes the mistress of Tang’s husband (Cao Qiankun) without any moral qualms, even though she knows that her friend is pregnant with his child. A powerful businesswoman, Shi is the owner of a high-end bar that Cao frequents after losing his job. Unable to tell his wife the truth, he spends most days wandering around and is unable to resist Shi’s advances because she claims to have loved him since their university days and that she understands him. In this relationship, Shi has taken on the role traditionally assigned to men: she is the affluent powerful one who is able to manipulate the downtrodden unemployed man by “lending” him money in his time of need, offering him a job at her bar (Episode 17), and eventually finding him a new job through her connections (Episodes 23–24). When Cao leaves home after Tang finds out about the affair, Shi provides him with a place to stay (Episode 34). Because the viewers are positioned to root for Tang due to her role as the female lead’s best friend, Shi is immediately set up as one of the villains, although she is portrayed in a more sympathetic light after she reveals to Cao that she was forced to give up her son to her ex-husband in America (who cheated on her) in order to finalise her divorce (Episode 29).The portrayal of different mistresses in Lawyers signals a transformation in the representation of gender compared to Divorce and Dwelling, because the women are less naïve than Haizao, financially well-off because of their business acumen, and much more outspoken and determined to fight for what they want. On the surface these women are depicted as more liberated and free from gender hierarchies and sexual oppression. Hung describes xiaosan as “an active if constrained agent . . . whose new mode of life has become revealingly defensible and publicly acceptable in socioeconomic terms that reflect the moral changes that follow economic reforms” (“State” 166). However, the closure of these storylines suggest that although more complex reasons for becoming a mistress have been explored in the new drama, mistresses are still regarded as a threat to social stability and therefore punished, challenging Hung’s argument about the “acceptability” of mistresses in post-socialist China. Post-Socialist Femininity Restrained: Wives and MothersCountering these liberal forms of post-socialist femininity are portrayals of righteous wives and exemplary mothers. These depictions articulate a moral positioning grounded in pre-socialist and socialist understandings of a woman’s place in Chinese society. These portrayals of moral women check the transgressive powers of single women and mistresses with the potential to break families up. More importantly, they remind the audience of desired gender norms that retain the integrity of the family and anchor a society undergoing rapid transformation.The three dramas portray wives who are stridently righteous in their confrontations with women they perceive as a threat to their families. These women find moral justification for the violence they inflict on transgressors from cultural understandings of their rights as wives. Lin Xiaofeng (Divorce) repeatedly challenges Xiao Li to explain the “logic” underlying her actions when she discovers that Xiao accompanied Song Jianping to a wedding (Episode 14). The “logic” Lin refers to is a cultural understanding that it is her right as wife to accompany Song to public events and not Xiao’s. By transgressing this moral boundary, Xiao accords Lin the moral authority to cast doubt on her abilities as a doctor in a public confrontation. It also provides moral justification for Lin to slap Xiao when she suggests that Lin is an embarrassment to her husband, an argument that underscores Lin’s failure and challenges her moral authority as wife. Jiang Miaomiao (Dwelling) draws on similar cultural understandings when she appears at the apartment Haizao shares with Song Siming (Episode 33). Jiang positions herself in the traditional role of a wife as a household manager (Ebrey) whose responsibilities include paying Song’s mistresses. She puts Haizao into a subordinate position by arguing that since Haizao is less than a mistress and slightly better than a prostitute, she is not worth the money Song has given her. When Haizao refuses to return the money a tussle ensues, causing Haizao to have a miscarriage. Likewise, Miao Jinxiu (Lawyers) draws on similar cultural understandings of a wife’s position when she laments popular arguments that depict mistresses such as Luo Meiyuan as usurping the superior position of wives like herself who are less attractive and able to navigate the market economy. Miao describes these arguments as “inverting black into white” (Episode 19). She publicly humiliates Luo by throwing paint on her at a charity event (Episode 17) and covers Luo’s car with posters labelling Luo a “slut,” “prostitute,” and “shameless” (Episode 18). Miao succeeds in “winning” her husband back. The public violence Miao inflicts on Luo and her success in protecting her marriage are struggles to reinforce the boundaries defining the categories of wife and mistress as these limits become increasingly challenged in China. In contrast to the violent strategies that Lin, Jiang, and Miao adopt, Tang Meiyu resists Shi Jiang’s destructive powers by reminding her errant husband of the emotional warmth of their family. She asks him, “Do you still remember telling me what the nicest sound is at home?” For Cao, the best sounds are Tang’s laughter, their baby’s cries, the sound of the washing machine, and the flushing of their leaky toilet (Episode 43). The couple reconciles and even wins a lottery that cements their “happy ending.” By highlighting the warmth of their family, Tang reminds Cao of her rightful place as wife, restrains Shi from breaking up the couple, and protects the integrity of the family. It is by drawing on deeply entrenched cultural understandings of the rights of wives that these women find the moral authority to challenge, restrain, and control the transgressive powers of mistresses and single women. The dramas’ portrayals of mothers further reinforce the sense that there is a need to restrain liberal forms of post-socialist femininity embodied by errant daughters who transgress the moral boundaries of the family. Lin Xiaofeng’s mother (Divorce) assumes the role of the forgiving wife and mother. She not only forgives Lin’s father for having an affair but raises Lin, her husband’s love child, as her own (Episode 23). On her deathbed, she articulates the values underlying her acceptance of this transgression, namely that one needs to be “a little kinder, more tolerant, and a little muddleheaded” when dealing with matters of the family. Her forgiveness bears fruit in the form of the warm companionship and support she enjoys with Lin’s father. This sends a strong pedagogical message to the audience that it is possible for a marriage to remain intact if one is willing to forgive. In contrast, Haizao’s mother (Dwelling) adopts the role of the disciplinary mother. She attempts to beat Haizao with a coat hanger when she finds out that her daughter is pregnant with Song Siming’s child (Episode 31). She describes Haizao’s decision as “the wrong path” and is emphatic that abortion is the only way to right this wrong. She argues that abortion will allow her daughter to start life anew in a relationship she describes as “open and aboveboard,” which will culminate in marriage. When Haizao rejects her mother’s disciplining, her lover dies in a car accident and she has a miscarriage. She loses her ability to speak for two months after these double tragedies and pays the ultimate price, losing her reproductive abilities. Luo Li’s mother (Lawyers), Li Chunhua, extends this pedagogical approach by adopting the role of public counsellor as a talk show host. Li describes Luo’s profession as “wicked” because it focuses on separating the family (Episode 9). Instead, she promotes reconciliation as an alternative. She counsels couples to remain together by propounding traditional family values, such as the need for daughters-in-law to consider the filial obligations of sons when managing their relationship with their mothers-in-law (Episode 25). Her rising ratings and the effectiveness of her strategy in bringing estranged couples like Miao Jinxiu and Dong Dahai back together (Episode 26) challenges the transgressive powers of mistresses by preventing the separation of families. More importantly, as with Haizao’s and Lin’s mothers, the moral force of Li’s position and the alternatives to divorce that she suggests draw on pre-socialist and socialist understandings of family values that underscore the sanctity of marriage to the audience. By reminding errant daughters of deeply embedded cultural standards of what it means to be a woman in Chinese society, these mothers are moral exemplars who restrain the potentiality of daughters becoming mistresses. ConclusionMarket reforms have led to a transformation in understandings of womanhood in post-socialist China. Depictions of mistresses and single women as independent, economically successful, and sexually liberated underscores the emergence of liberal forms of post-socialist femininity. Although adept at navigating the new market economy, these types of post-socialist women threaten the integrity of the family and need to be controlled. Moral arguments articulated by wives and mothers restrain the potentially destructive powers of post-socialist womanhood by drawing on deeply embedded understandings of the rights of women shaped in pre-socialist China. It is by disciplining liberal forms of post-socialist femininity such that they fit back into deeply embedded gender hierarchies that social order is restored. 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Знание величины коэффициента теплопроводности полупроводникового материала необходимо для оценки возможности использования его в качестве термоэлектрика. Абсолютным стационарным методом продольного теплового потока в интервале 50–300 K исследована теплопроводность природных минералов галенита (PbS), халькопирита (CuFeS2), а также керамики ZnS.Образцы были однородными, имели малое содержание примесей (химический состав образцов контролировался ренгенофлюоресцентным методом) и характеризовались высокими значениями удельного электрического сопротивления (r > 9·10–2 Ом·м при комнатной температуре). Это соответствует электронной составляющей теплопроводности ke < 1·10–4 Вт/(м·К). Результаты измерений теплопроводности представлены графически и в табулированном виде. Все зависимости являются убывающими. Величины теплопроводности (Вт/(м·К)) при 50 К составляют 10.9 для PbS, 62 для CuFeS2 и 73–98 для ZnS. При 300 К соответствующие величины равны 2.48, 10.5 и 18.6–18.8 Вт/(м·К).Все исследованные материалы значительно хуже проводят тепло, чем пирит FeS2. Проведено сравнение полученных данных с литературными. Температурная зависимость теплопроводности галенита является слабой, его низкая теплопроводность благоприятна для термоэлектрических приложений. Выявленная в настоящей работе теплопроводность халькопирита оказалась наивысшей из соответствующих литературных данных. Высокая теплопроводность сульфида цинка коррелирует с ее широкой вариабельностью в зависимости от структурных особенностей материала. Рассчитаны температурные зависимости средней длины свободного пробега фононов. Оцененные для температуры плавления значения этой характеристики для PbS и особенно для ZnS значительно превосходят размеры элементарной кристаллической ячейки, что необычно. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Самофалова Т. В., Семенов В. Н., Нитута А. Н., Звягина О. В., Проскурина Е. Ю. 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