Tesi sul tema "Tâche comportementale"
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Bonnin, Camille. "Le contrôle du set associé à une tâche : étude comportementale du contrôle exécutif dans des épreuves de permutation de tâche et des tâches de type Stroop". Poitiers, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01339060.
To perform any cognitive task requires an appropriate organization of cognitive processes and mental representations, in order to act in accordance with task requirements. This internal configuration has been called task set (Monsell, 1996). In the present work, we studied control processes involved in establishing a task-set and mechanisms involved in the resolution of conflict between tasks-set, by using the task switching paradigm and ambivalent or conflict stimuli (Stroop-like stimuli) affording several tasks. The efficiency of control processes was indexed by switch cost and interference effects. The aim of this work was to determine (i) how control processes are adjusted according to contextual characteristics and how these adjustments reflect the implementation of different processes. An initial study explored the potential influence of a conflict context on task-set control. The results showed that the proportion of incongruent stimuli modulated the degree of conflict elicited by stroop-like stimuli, but did not influence task switching performance (switch cost). These results suggest that processes involved in the establishment of a new task-set and those involved in the resolution of conflict between task-sets are independent. A second study explored the role of task set control processes in maintaining a context-dependant balance between stability and flexibility. Results of experiment 2 showed that, in a context where the identity of the upcoming task is uncertain, a high frequency of task changes promoted flexibility. This suggests that task-set activation is not an all-or-none process, but rather a gradual process adjusted to context demand…
Suarez, del chiaro Isabel. "Le rôle de l'attention dans le contrôle de l'interférence : une approche comportementale et neuropsychologique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4785.
Controlling interference allows the selection of appropriate from irrelevant actions in order to achieve a goal. However, the question as to whether this process requires attentional resources remains. To clarify this issue, this thesis has been organized into two parts. The first part is based on a behavioral approach and focuses on the control of interference in situations of attentional restriction. The second part focuses on a neuropsychological approach examining the same control in individuals AD/HD.The thesis encompasses three studies based on the conflict paradigm. Additionally, methodological tools and analysis and distribution of electromyographic activity were used to separate the two components of interference i.e. the automatic triggering of inappropriate response and its inhibition.The first experimental contribution, consisting of four dual-task behavioral experiments, supported the idea that the mechanisms of inhibition are dependent on specific attentional resources. The second contribution highlights several interesting aspects of interference control in ADHD: a decline in interference control without a deficit in impulsivity or inhibition; that the interference effect could be a secondary manifestation of a general slowdown due to a lack of vigilance; and that the deficit of vigilance does not affect the ability to inhibit (unlike selective attention, as evidenced in the first part of the study). The third contribution demonstrates that adults with ADHD show no disorder of selective attention at least in the time domain but also that these individuals manifested a deficiency in alertness, thus confirming the hypothesis of the preceding contributions
Lefevre, Laura. "Importance des modifications de flairage dans l’acquisition d’une tâche de discrimination olfactive : approche comportementale et corrélats neuronaux". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1314.
Sensory modalities actively take part in collecting relevant information from the environment. In olfaction, active sampling amounts to sniffing in rodents (2-10 Hz). In behaving animals, sniffing is highly dynamic, notably in frequency and flow rate. Sniffing can be modulated by parameters related to the odorant stimulus, such as the physicochemical properties of the molecule or its concentration. It can also vary depending on “internal” parameters such as attention, emotions or motivation. Several studies highlighted the importance of the sniffing frequency in performance. First, I looked at the impact of olfactory learning on the acquisition of a specific sniffing pattern. For that purpose, I monitored sniffing activity in a non-invasive way, using a whole-body plethysmograph, on rats performing a two-alternative choice odor discrimination task. Second, I looked for neuronal correlates of the acquisition of such a sniffing pattern by simultaneously recording sniffing and neuronal activities (local field potentials) in olfactory, motor and limbic areas in behaving animals. I sought to characterize oscillatory activities in beta (15-30 Hz) and theta (2-10 Hz) ranges. I finally discussed to what extent they were related to learning and/or sniffing modulations
Wamain, Yannick. "Quel est le rôle fonctionnel du cortex moteur primaire dans la perception visuelle de traces graphiques ? : études comportementale et neurophysiologique". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1647/.
Since 80's, lots of behavioral studies demonstrated that motor representation participate to visual perception of biological motion or of its results. In the same time, with the discovery of mirror neuron system, another research field revealed that stimuli perception implying motion activate motor cortical region like primary motor cortex (M1). Although the combination between these two literatures is simple and allows us to speculate on the direct role of M1 on visual perception of motion implied stimuli, this relationship remain to be directly tested. To investigate the functional role of M1 in visual perception, we used a dual-task paradigm (perceptual and motor task) in order to manipulate the level of activation of M1. Consequences of this manipulation on visual perception of graphic traces were measured both at behavioral (studies 1 and 2) and neurophysiological levels (studies 3 and 4). Behavioral studies revealed that during the visual discrimination task of graphic traces, the discrimination sensitivity evolved as function of two parameters: participants own motor preferences in production of graphic traces, but also M1 "availability" during perceptual task. Neurophysiological studies manage to highlight that the level of M1 activity during visual observation of letter is related to the motor familiarity of the letter observed. Moreover, thanks to the motor familiarity concept, we revealed that the M1 activity impacts visual processing of letter. This impact occurs around at 300 ms after letter presentation. Together, these results give strong evidence of the involvement of M1 in visual processing of graphic traces
Sun, Huichao. "L'amélioration de la performance du produit par l'intégration des tâches d'utilisation dès la phase de conception : une approche de conception comportementale". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712072.
Hay, Julien. "Caractérisation de la spécialisation hémisphérique de l'attention spatiale et ses facteurs de variabilité au cours d'une tâche de jugement de bissection de ligne chez le sujet sain : évaluations comportementale et fonctionnelle (IRMf)". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN3143.
Using a line bisection judgment task, we studied the hemispheric specialization (HS) for spatial attention and its factors of variability. In first part of this work, we computed indices of attentional bias, which are relevant markers of the HS for spatial attention. These indices revealed the existence of pseudoneglect, a phenomenon considered as the behavioural manifestation of HS. Given that attentional biases exhibited variability in both direction and magnitude, we investigated factors that might be associated to this variability. Based on a population of 303 healthy volunteers (including 153 left-handers), we showed that pseudoneglect was associated with manual preference strength, gender, asymmetry of manual skill and volume of the posterior part of the corpus callosum. In the second part of this work, we studied using fMRI the neural bases of this HS and showed that line bisection judgment involved a rightward asymmetric occipito-parieto-frontal network. By using hemispheric functional lateralization indices (HFLI) that offer a global measure of HS for spatial attention, we showed that an increase of pseudoneglect was associated with a stronger hemispheric rightward functional lateralization for spatial attention. Moreover, we also showed that asymmetry of manual that asymmetry of manual skill that interacted with pseudoneglect was also associated with HS for spatial attention
Duchatelle, Edith. "Acquisition d'une tâche opérante chez le rat blanc : aspects comportementaux et cognitifs". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30103.
Bertrand, Mathilde. "Le rôle du noyau sous-thalamique dans la prise en charge des composantes motrice, cognitive et émotionnelle du comportement chez le primate non-humain sain et parkinsonien". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2023GRALV043.pdf.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is essentially characterized by motor symptoms, but non-motor symptoms of a cognitive or emotional type are also found. To date, only symptomatic treatments are proposed to patients. Among them, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a surgical treatment that significantly improves motor symptoms but may induce cognitive or emotional side effects. These collateral effects highlight the complex role that the STN can play in the realization of behavior. Thus, a better understanding of the role of this nucleus would allow a better patient management. The first objective of our study is therefore to characterize the involvement of the STN in the motor, cognitive, and emotional components of behavior. We developed a behavioral task that was performed by non-human primates allowing to highlight a bipartite anatomo-functional organization of the STN. Based on electrophysiological analyses, it appears that beta oscillations, associated with the motor component, are mainly present in dorsolateral recordings, whereas theta oscillations, related to the cognitive component, are more represented in ventromedial recordings. These two territories may be weighted by the emotional component, characterized by the presence of gamma and theta oscillations throughout the STN. Then, we used a progressive model of PD to correlate the activity of the STN with the appearance of the different symptoms of the pathology. Thus, we highlighted a hierarchy in the onset of the behavioral symptoms with first emotional, then cognitive and finally motor impairments. We also found specific electrophysiological modifications of each behavioral impairment in the STN. These changes appeared before the symptoms of the same component, thus predicting its appearance. Finally, we compared the effects of DBS by applying a high frequency stimulation (HFS), commonly used for treatment, and a low frequency stimulation (LFS), to try to manage non-motor symptoms. Thus, this study allows us to consider that a DBS treatment combining HFS in the dorsal part of the STN and LFS in the ventral part could allow the management of motor, cognitive and emotional symptoms of PD
Spiess, Jeanne. "Régulation neurocognitive de biais perceptifs élémentaires dans des tâches logico-mathématiques : Données comportementales, psychophysiologiques et d'imagerie cérébrale". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H057.
Adults' basic perceptual blases question linear and cumulative conceptions of cognitive development (like Piaget's) that consider adults to be radically différent from children. Thèse biases indicate indeed that our behaviour is often guided by heuristic stratégies which may be adaptive or not depending on situations and which coexist with other, more analytic stratégies. Hère, thé overall aim is to identify neurocognitive mechanisms underlying young adults' ability to overcome such biases during logico-mathematical tasks. Our first study, using functional Magnetic Résonance Imaging, shows that thé « lengfh-equals-number » strategy that accounts for children's failure on Piaget's conservation of number task (until 7-years-old) persists in adults. Results indicate that adults overcome thé interférence induced by this strategy by recruiting an executive prefrontal network involved in conflict monitoring. They also use stratégie adjustments characterized by an interindividual variability présent both at thé behavioural and neural levels. Some subjects rely on a counting strategy and recruit a leftward asymmetric network, while others use a visuospatial strategy associated with a network showing a rightward asymmetry. The second study consists in a training paradigm based on two logically isomorphic tasks of deductive reasoning. Results show that adults' ability to correct a robust matching bias relies on inhibitory and metacognitive factors. It is also associated with a somatic state indexed by an increase of Skin Conductance Response
Leroux, Gaëlle. "Imagerie cérébrale de la résolution d'une tâche numérique adaptée de Piaget chez le jeune adulte : mesures comportementales, hémodynamiques (IRMf) et électrophysiologiques (EEG)". Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2039.
Breton, Françoise. "Etude de l'organisation des étapes prédecisionnelles de traitement de l'information visuelle au cours de tâches de discrimination (approche électrophysiologie et comportementale)". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100034.
This research aims at developing models of information processing and attempts to specify the temporal organization of perceptive stages preceding response choice, in normal adults. Referring to Sanders ‘model (1980), we tested, by means of the additive factors method, the serial nature of the first three stages (pre-processing, feature extraction and identification) and studied the stability of this organization in different kinds of tasks. Reaction time (RT) and evoked potentials (ep) were recorded from 10 subjects during two visual discrimination tasks based on different response decision criteria: shape identity (physical discrimination) and group identity (categorical discrimination. Four different stimulus variables were manipulated: the intensity of the visual stimulus, the addition of visual noise, the familiarity and similarity of the items. The RT data obtained in a task of physical discrimination support the hypotheses of two different and successive stages i. E. Feature extraction and identification. However, the interactions obtained within both tasks show evidence for a third processing stage in parallel to the other two. The ep data analysis is consistent with these above defined stages. However, for either task, these results are more in favor of a cascade-like model, since the ep changes produced by the experimental variables partly overlap. Moreover, the pattern of interactions obtained suggest that the processing of the familiarity variable (involving long term memory) depends on the stimulus characteristics as well as on the task
Gontier, Emilie. "Analyse de la spécificité temporelle des indices électrophysiologiques corticaux rapportés aux performances comportementales dans des tâches de discrimination de durées". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL609.
Our research focuses on the participation of cortical structures in temporal processing and try to answer to the following questions: Does the prefrontal cortex involvement in decision-making is specific to temporal discrimination? Does the involvement of fronto-parietal network depends on the cognitive load and the nature of the stimulus to discriminate? Is there a hemispheric asymmetry in the temporal treatment? Our data have shown that 1) The involvement of prefrontal structures in the decision-making is not specific to temporal processing 2) Encoding and comparison of temporal information are based on a parieto-frontal functional loop, which determines the temporal performances of subjects 3)The parieto-frontal network reflects plasticity toward the cognitive load 4) Temporal discrimination periods depends on the integrity of the functions assured by the right hemisphere
Ramdani, Beauvir Céline. "Effets de la vigilance sur le contrôle de l'erreur chez l'homme : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5019/document.
To study the impact of a vigilance decrease on error monitoring mechanisms in healthy participants, electromyogram and electroencephalogram were recorded during a choice reaction time task. The aim of experiment one was to decipher which indices of error monitoring at the behavioral and electrophysiological levels, were altered by sleep deprivation. In experiments two and three, decreases in vigilance were obtained through pharmacological treatments. We attempted to selectively inhibit one arousal system (either by acting on the histaminergic or on the dopaminergic pathway), so as to determine whether indices of error monitoring would be affected in the same way than after extended wakefulness. Proactive (implemented before an error execution) and reactive modes (implemented after an error execution) of error monitoring were distinguished. Within each mode, we further distinguished on-line (implemented within-trial) and off-line (between-trials) processes.Proactive off-line monitoring was unaffected by the decrease in vigilance, whether this caused by extended wakefulness, histaminergic depeltion or dopaminergic depletion). Sleep deprivation affected proactive on-line and off-line monitoring and reactive control. Histaminergic depletion affected only reactive control and reactive control seemed insensitive to dopaminergic depletion.As sleep deprivation, both histaminergic and dopaminergic depletion induced decrease in vigilance. However, effects of sleep deprivation on error monitoring were entirely reproduced neither by histaminergic nor by dopaminergic depletion, suggesting specific influences of the corresponding systems on error monitoring
Bonhomme, Emilien. "Identification des marqueurs comportementaux et physiologiques capables de prédire la qualité de la reprise en main du véhicule d'une conduite autonome de niveau 3". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0065.
The development of conditionally automated driving systems is expanding quickly. The partial delegation of the driving activity in an autonomous vehicle questions the driver's ability to takeover the vehicle in a risky situation.The objective of our work is to identify physiological and behavioral markers capable to predict response time (TOT) and the takeover quality. 32 volunteers (43 ± 16 years 16 men) carried out simulated driving where events (object on the road, bad weather, absence of road markings) required a takeover. Before each takeover request (TOR), drivers performed various non-driving tasks (NDRT) such as listening to the radio, reading a book, watching a video...Electrocardiographic (ECG), electroencephalographic (EEG) and oculomotor (OM) markers were recorded 2 minutes before the takeover and analyzed. These markers, age, gender and nature, duration, solicitation of the hands and gaze of NDRTs were included in our statistical models (binary logistic regressions, automatic linear models, Youden index, ROC curves).Takeovers are qualified in 4 ways. Qualification 1 (Q1) is based on the time to collision (TTC, time separating the vehicle from the obstacle when the lane change is engaged) and the presence or absence of a collision. Qualification 2 (Q2) uses the previous 2 criteria and the velocity of the steering wheel rotation. Qualification 3 (Q3) includes the first 2 criteria and the verification of the mirrors. And qualification 4 (Q4) by the presence or not of a collision, and the inappropriate line crossing (ILC).Our results show that TOT depends neither on age nor gender of the drivers. The longest TOTs are observed when the NDRT has a strong manual component or requires a strong solicitation of the head position during the takeover. In the case of a takeover with a lane change, the TOT is the main factor influencing the takeover quality: the longer the TOT, the poorer the quality of the takeover. The nature and duration of the NDRT do not change the takeover quality. Age has an impact on the takeover quality in Q2 and Q3: older drivers are less successful at takeover than younger ones because they have more unstable lateral control of the vehicule (higher standard deviation of the velocity of steering wheel rotation) and poorer analysis of the scene (lack of mirrors verification). On the other hand, age does not influence either longitudinal control (TTC) or the presence of collisions. In the case of a takeover without lane change, the takeover quality (Q4) is mainly determined by age: older subjects perform less well than younger subjects due to poor lateral control. It is above all age that determines the quality of recovery (Q4): elderly subjects (61-75) are less successful than younger subjects because of a worse lateral control.None of our models can predict TOT or Q1 takeover quality. The combination of OM parameters (duration of fixations, and pupil diameter) and EEG (Frontal Theta) are the markers that allow better predicting of take over quality in Q2. The OM parameters (frequency and duration of fixations, and distance of saccades) allow the prediction of the quality of recovery in Q3. Associated EEG markers (LFHF ratio, High Beta band in Cz, Theta / Beta ratio in frontal) and OM (mean pupil diameter), can predict the quality of recovery in Q4.Our results will make it possible in the future to improve new models (braking, steering or steering / braking model) capable of better explaining and / or predicting the behavior of the driver during takeover in level 3 autonomous driving
Carrier, Emond Fannie. "Les liens entre l’impulsivité et la coercition sexuelle : les apports d’un modèle multidimensionnel et de tâches comportementales". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22681.