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Tesi sul tema "Systèmes photoactivables"
Xu, Jianan. "Nanoparticules de silice et leur fonctionnalisation avec des systèmes photoactivables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0063.
Testo completoMesoporous silica is a versatile support widely applied in biomedical and catalysis field because of its desirable properties. In this work, mesoporous silica was first utilized as support for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. PDT is achieved by the excitation of a photosensitizer (PS) with visible light at certain wavelengths, and then the excited PS may either drive electron-transfer reactions to/from biological molecules (type I mechanism) or, alternatively, transfer its energy to molecular oxygen, thus generating singlet oxygen (1O2, type II mechanism).Methylene blue (MB) is a known photosensitizer with desirable ability to generate singlet oxygen. The main active species is the monomeric form. However, this dye tends to self-aggregate to form dimers and higher aggregates, which are less active for 1O2 generation. Two different strategies (one-pot and post-synthesis) were designed to incorporate methylene blue into silica nanoparticles (NPs). The design of the synthesis is a key parameter to avoid both leaching of the dye and its self-aggregation. The negatively charged silica matrix allows the incorporation of the dye, which is cationic, with no leaching, whereas the presence of phenyl functions in the matrix favors the monomeric form of MB. We observe that both dimeric and monomeric forms of MB can generate 1O2 species in aqueous solution when confined inside a silica matrix, improving the activity compared to the bare dye in solution.Matrix effect in 1O2 generation was then investigated with a series of mesoporous silica NPs of 80-100 nm diameter with various morphologies. The procedure of preparation of silica NPs was optimized considering the requirements of high colloidal stability in aqueous media for the application in PDT. Zwitterion functionalization and lipid-coating of silica NPs were attempted to improve colloidal stability but these two strategies did not meet the expectation. The results showed that the colloidal stability of all the silica NPs kept in aqueous solutions was better than that of the silica NPs previously dried after surfactant extraction and then redispersed in water. The incorporation of MB was then performed on aqueous surfactant-free samples using a fixed molar ratio between MB and silica. Water and methanol were used as solvents for 1O2 generation tests, and all the samples displayed photocatalytic activity.Initial exploratory tests on photodynamic activity were carried out with the MB-functionalized nanoparticles, using A549 lung cancer cell lines. The killing effect is slightly improved when compared to the free methylene blue at the same concentration.Preliminary antibacterial tests were also performed with positive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and negative Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa. The results showed that silica itself and MB-containing samples had antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.Finally, the mesoporous silica systems here prepared were also used as a support for Ru complexes, to build heterogeneous catalysts for different organic transformations. Preliminary heterogeneous catalytic tests were conducted on alcohol coupling reactions of the borrowing hydrogen type and also on photoactivated alcohol oxidation. The ruthenium functionalized nanoparticles show in some cases improved efficiency when compared to the analogous homogeneous catalysts
Guillo, Pascal. "Développement de nouveaux catalyseurs à base de ruthénium pour l'oxydation : vers des systèmes photoactivables". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV042.
Testo completoThis the sis deals with the development of new homo and heterodinuclear complexes. At fIrst, with the objective to use chiral properties of tris-diimine ruthenium complexes in asymmetric catalysis, modifIed manganese salen complexes constituted by the assembly of a ruthenium and Mn or Zn-salen fragments were synthesized and fully characterized. More particularly, a Ru(II)-Mn(IV) species was characterized and a very efficient electron transfer has been also observed from the excited state of the ruthenium to the manganese. Ln the second part of the thesis, the photo sensitive and the catalytic properties of ruthenium complexes were both associated within a unique complex. Two chromophore catalyst dyad families were synthesized and fully characterized. Both of them showed high abilities to convert sulfIdes into sulfoxides under light exposure, using water as the only source of oxygen atom and a Co(III) salt as electron acceptor. Ln the context of sustainable development, we have shown that the association of a photosensitizer and solar energy allow soft conditions to perform oxidation reactions
Daou, Dania. "Intégration de moteurs moléculaires photoactivables dans des gels supramoléculaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF021.
Testo completoThis thesis explored the integration of light-driven synthetic molecular motors in supramolecular gel networks. The main goal was to achieve reversible macroscopic motion by exploiting both the unidirectional rotation of molecular motors and the reversible nature of supramolecular interactions. Highly functionalized molecular motors have been synthesized and integrated as crosslinking units in supramolecular gel networks of diphenylalanine and poly(γ- benzyl-L-glutamate) peptides, as well as DNA oligonucleotides. Activation of the unidirectional rotation of molecular motors by light, allowed the production of nanomechanical work which is sufficient to disrupt supramolecular interactions in peptide-based gel networks leading to contraction or melting of the gel material at the macroscopic scale. Thanks to the reversible supramolecular interactions, the initial gel material was recovered in the dark, either spontaneously or by applying a thermal stimulus. The systems studied in this thesis represent a novel class of materials operating in dissipative out-of-equilibrium conditions, holding promise of applications in various fields such as biology, medicine and material science
Harmand, Lydie. "Nouveaux systèmes catalytiques au cuivre pour la cycloaddition de Huisgen : synthèse et étude de la réactivité de catalyseurs supramoléculaires photoactivables pour la chimie « click »". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14626/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the development of catalysts for the copper-catalyzed reaction between alkynes and azides (CuAAC), one of the most important reactions of modern chemistry. As a first step, we have shown that the copper(II) complex [Cu(C186-tren)]Br2 could be used as catalyst for this reaction, and this without adding an external sacrificial reductant such as sodium ascorbate. Spectroscopic studies (EPR, UV-visible) suggest that the alkyne serves as the "internal reductant" In a second step, the use of a tren ligand (tBuBz3tren) bearing three tert-butylbenzene groups allowed to obtain supramolecular copper(II) complexes that were soluble in water by formation of inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrins. These complexes proved to be good catalysts for CuAAC, particularly if using sodium ascorbate as the reductant. We then prepared the copper(II) complex, [Cu(tBuBz3tren)ketoprofenate]ketoprofenate, whose counter-ion is the ketoprofenate anion which contains a benzophenone function as a photosensitizer. Under irradiation at 365 nm, the complex is very effectively reduced to copper(I) by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Our studies have shown that the copper(II) precatalyst can be very efficiently activated by light to generate a highly active copper(I) catalyst for the CuAAC. The control over the catalytic activity of the complex was tested in methanol or toluene for the reaction between various azides and alkynes. The corresponding triazoles were isolated with excellent yields by simple filtration. In addition, once the reaction is initiated photochemically, it is possible to instantly stopped it by introducing air into the reaction medium. Overall, this is the first example of a photoactivatable catalyst for click chemistry
Colard-Itté, Jean-Rémy. "Synthèses et études physico-chimiques de matériaux à base de moteurs moléculaires rotatifs photoactivables". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF044.
Testo completoThis manuscript describes the gram-scale synthesis of a light-driven rotary molecular motor. It is shown that the target molecule can be integrated into a PEG chains network, and that the UV irradiation of the obtained material leads to its macroscopic contraction. These collective molecular movements are then able to convert light energy to produce a mechanical work of eight orders of magnitude beyond their scale. A combination of rheology and small angle neutron scattering studies defined the of gel formation parameters to obtain maximum contraction, but also the experimental observation that motor rotation initiates PEG chain windings, which is responsible of the contraction of the material.In addition, the synthesis of a modulator unit and its integration into these materials is described. The resulting gels present reversible contraction properties and the out-of-equilibrium behavior of the entire system is then discussed
Bernardi, Dan. "Synthèse d'analogues photoactivables du glutathion : pour l'étude du système cellulaire du glutathion". Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Bernardi.Dan.SMZ0515.pdf.
Testo completoThe ubiquitous glutathione (GSH or GSSG) is the topic of many researchs. In most cancers, overexpression of glutathione-dependent enzymes is often found. The aim of this work is to design probes which will be used to better understand the mechanism of apoptosis or to inhibit the glutathione-dependent enzymes in order to sensitise cells to anti-cancer agents. To do that, we have for the first time synthetised photoactivatable N-substituted conjugated analogues of GSH. We have also synthetised new photoactivatable analogues of GSSG with photoactivation wavelengths non-destructive for biological systems. Moreover we have reached key intermediates in the synthesis of other photoactivatable analogues of GSH. The preliminary results of inhibition assays as well as of photolabeling assays performed with some of these analogues allowed us to show that some could serve as probe or as inhibitor of the glutathione-dependent enzymes