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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Systèmes biosourcés"
Duru, Michel, Pierre-Marie Aubert, Christian Couturier e Sylvai Doublet. "Scénarios de systèmes alimentaires à l’horizon 2050 au niveau européen et français : quels éclairages pour les politiques publiques ?" Agronomie, environnement & sociétés 11, n. 1 (15 giugno 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.54800/ssa050.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Systèmes biosourcés"
Granero-Fernandez, Emanuel. "Fluides supercritiques et solvants biosourcés : propriétés physicochimiques des systèmes expansés par du CO2". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23928/1/Granero%20Fernandez_Emanuel.pdf.
Testo completoAlibert, Adrien. "Optimisation de la rigidité et de la ténacité de systèmes polymères complexes à base d’amidon plastifié et de polyoléfines". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10178.
Testo completoStarch-based polymer blends were melt-compounded by extrusion aiming at combining high impact strength (> 20 kJ/m²) and reasonably high Young modulus (> 1000 MPa). At first, an elastomer, a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS), was associated with a starch-grafted polypropylene, the SEBS content increase in the mixture allowing a significant increase in elongation at break and impact strength (by a factor 7 and 2,5 respectively) at the expense of Young’s modulus (divided by 2). Then, a co-continuous structure between a plasticized starch/SEBS grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBSgMA) mixture and a polypropylene (PP) was developed to stabilize the blend and to promote the compatibility between the phases. The blend having optimized mechanical properties (values however still 33% lower than the targets) is made of 35% of plasticized starch, 15% of SEBSgMA and 50% of PP. Thereafter, in order to increase the biobased content and to improve mechanical properties, blends between plasticized starch, SEBS and polyolefins grafted maleic anhydride were developed. The best compromise was identified for an oil-based formulation including as polyolefin a copolymer PE/PP grafted with maleic anhydride, complemented by a polypropylene; in that case the biobased rate reaches 50%
Heintz, Juliette. "Systemic approach and decision process for sustainability in chemical engineering : Application to computer aided product design". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0087/document.
Testo completoIn a context where environmental issues are increasingly taken into account, the chemical related industry faces situations imposing a chemical product substitution. Computer aided molecular design methods, which consist in finding molecules satisfying a set of constraints, are well adapted to these situations. Using a systemic analysis of the needs and uses linked to this context, we develop a computer aided product design tool implementing a genetic algorithm. It is able to explore a wider solution space thanks to a flexible molecular framework. Besides, by allowing a very flexible setting of the problem to be solved, it enables the search of molecules sourced from renewable resources. Based on concepts from system and enterprise engineering, we formalize a decision making process dedicated to the product substitution in an industrial context. This multi-criteria decision process includes the phases of the requirements definition, of the generation of alternative solutions, of the selection of the best alternative and of the product application. It uses a model driven approach and decision making techniques that guaranty an operational alignment in addition to the strategic alignment across the chemical enterprise. Through a case study, we expose how the combination of our computer aided product design tool and our decision making process enables an environmentally compliant approach of product substitution which is both efficient and in adequacy with enterprise context
Ismail, Brahim. "Contribution au développement et optimisation d’un système composite biosourcé-enduit de protection pour l’isolation thermique de bâtiment". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3112.
Testo completoThe research work presented in this thesis focuses on the formulation, characterization and modeling of the physical and mechanical properties of bio-composite materials based on plant aggregates (cereal straw) for thermal insulation and energy rehabilitation of buildings. The objectives of this thesis, part of the PEPITE project, are the optimization of the thermal, mechanical and hydric performances of the bio-based materials developed within the framework of previous work and the development of a protective coating for a technical solution of thermal rehabilitation. The optimization of the formulation is obtained by using additives and other biodegradable and renewable natural waste, in order to create a higher porosity and to further decrease the thermal conductivity of the materials. Based on the results of experimental characterization, three formulations were selected. These materials are highly heterogeneous media with a rather complex behaviour and for which its understanding and prediction call for numerical homogenization methods in the framework of this work. The effect of the real microstructure (morphology, orientation of heterogeneities) on the effective thermal properties and the non-linear mechanical behavior of these materials was also highlighted in this study. The comparison of numerical and experimental results confirmed the predictive capacity and the potential of the approach used to guide the formulation of materials based on thermal performance criteria. A detailed characterization of the hydric properties of the optimal formulations (water vapor permeability, sorption-desorption curves, MBV) was carried out in order to understand the relationship between the properties of these materials and the notion of hygro-thermal comfort of the building. Excellent hydric properties were obtained for the three bio-composites studied. In order to evaluate their long-term performance, the materials were exposed to accelerated ageing in the laboratory through humidification-drying and freeze-thaw tests. This environmental assessment revealed a significant reduction in mechanical properties after the cycles considered. Finally, a protective coating for bio-based materials was developed in this study with the aim of proposing a complete thermal renovation solution. The coating with optimised behaviour proposed here by combining an experimental and numerical approach was the subject of a physical and mechanical characterization in order to measure its impact on the performance of biocomposites. The characteristics obtained for the optimal formulations proposed meet perfectly the regulatory requirements relating for thermal insulation coatings
Lorenzetti, Jean-Valère. "Composés phénoliques du liège vierge (Quercus suber L.) : extraction, caractérisation et application aux retardateurs de flamme intumescents pour le bois". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CORT0021.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the search for new sustainable fire-retardant solutions, in response to the increasing fire risks worldwide. The growing use of wood in construction, combined with climate change and environmental and health challenges, underscores the need to develop environmentally friendly fire-retardant agents. In this context, intumescent systems, which form an expansive insulating layer when exposed to heat, show significant promise. These systems rely on a condensation reaction between an acid-releasing agent and a hydroxyl-rich agent, making the incorporation of natural compounds feasible. This thesis aims to assess the potential of valorizing phenolic compounds extracted from virgin cork (Quercus suber L.), an underutilized forestry by-product, in bio-based intumescent formulations.The first phase of the work involved the extraction and chemical characterization of phenolic compounds from virgin cork. After comparing different techniques, pressure-assisted extraction proved the most effective, with an extraction rate 64 times faster than mechanical maceration and a 79% reduction in solvent use. The aqueous extract, which exhibited good thermal resistance (54% residual mass at 600 °C) and high polyphenol content, was selected for further study. HPLC-MS analysis identified and quantified major compounds in the extract, including ellagitannins (castalagin, vescalagin) and phenolic acids (ellagic acid, gallic acid). Gallic acid was selected and used as a reference standard to compare the performance of fire-retardant systems.In the second phase, natural virgin cork extracts were integrated into intumescent formulations, combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid precursor. Thermogravimetric analyses allowed the development of a performance index based on the thermal degradation of the formulations, demonstrating a strong synergy between the cork extracts and APP. Macroscopic observation of the intumescence revealed significant expansion of the char layers produced by the system incorporating cork extract rich in phenolic compounds.The final phase of the research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the formulations in intumescent coatings applied to spruce wood. Cone calorimeter tests at 50 kW.m-2 showed a notable improvement in the wood's fire performance when incorporating cork extract. Ignition was delayed by 40 seconds, and the first heat release peak was reduced by 65%. The bio-based formulations also stood out for their better expansion kinetics compared to control systems, a key advantage for protection against high-intensity, fast-spreading wildfires. To assess this potential, innovative large-scale tests against a semi-controlled vegetation fire (full scale – EXPLORII platform) were conducted. These tests highlighted the superior ability of bio-based systems, compared to optimized control systems, to limit wood heating, presenting a promising valorization pathway.In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the potential of virgin cork as a source of bio-based compounds for fire-retardant formulations. While further improvements are needed, particularly in terms of extract purification and formulation optimization, this work opens the door to the sustainable valorization of bioresources for fire safety applications, contributing to a circular economy
Chlela, Robert. "Durabilité d'un système composite biosourcé (matrice époxy-fibres de lin) pour applications de renforcement structural : approches expérimentale et fiabiliste". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2076.
Testo completoIn France, the built heritage of civil engineering and building structures is vast and ageing. Recent reports prepared by experts highlight this alarming situation and point out the need to significantly increase the resources allocated to the rehabilitation of this heritage. In this context, structural reinforcement by externally bonded composites has become an attractive solution for the rehabilitation of structures and the extension of their lifespan. This thesis, funded by the French Research Agency (ANR), aims to develop a new composite reinforcement system with a reduced environmental footprint, on one hand, and to build an original reliability approach to estimate the lifetime of reinforcement systems and their failure probability at any time, on the other hand. In this manuscript, the main phases of development of the bio-based system are first recalled. In particular, it is recalled that the formulation of the bio-sourced epoxy matrix was based upon the specifications and characteristics of the Foreva® TFC matrix, and the criteria that guided the choice of the unidirectional flax fibre reinforcement fabric are also presented. The second part of the manuscript presents all the experimental results obtained within the framework of the durability study on the bio-based strengthening system. This test campaign relies on a Design of Experiment optimized by Hoke’s matrix. Laminated composite plates and concrete slabs reinforced with these composites were subjected to accelerated ageing under hygrothermal conditions, and to natural ageing on an outdoor exposure site in Lyon as well, for a total duration of 24 months. In a first step, the results of various physico-chemical characterizations that were periodically conducted on the bio-based composites, highlighted the relative contributions of mechanisms involved in microstructural evolutions and degradation phenomena of both the polymer matrix and fiber/matrix interfaces. In a second step, the changes in the main performance indicators related to the composite and the concrete-composite interface subjected to the various ageing environments, are presented and interpreted in the light of the previous physico-chemical characterizations. In a third step, a comparison is made between the bio-based composite system and a traditional carbon fibre strengthening system. The last part of the manuscript is devoted to the implementation of the reliability approach, relying on the experimental database previously collected for the bio-based system. A statistical analysis by the ANOVA method is first carried out on all experimental data. Two degradation models were then developed to describe the evolutions of performance indicators over time for any hygrothermal ageing condition: an analytical model with explicit terms related to quadratic effects and coupling between temperature and relative humidity, and a physical model based on Eyring's law.In a next step, these models were used to estimate the lifetime of the bio-based strengthening system under accelerated ageing conditions. End-of-life criteria were first defined based on specifications proposed by different design guidelines, in particular by ACI and AFGC reports.In order to evaluate the lifetime under actual service conditions, a specific procedure was then proposed to apply the analytical model in the case of natural ageing. Finally, a probabilization of the analytical model is carried out in order to determine the probability of failure of the bio-based strengthening system at any time during its lifetime
Tran, Kelly. "Hybride associant polymère biosourcé et un système renforçant les propriétés de tenues au feu : analyse de la morphologie des mélanges et de leur structure pour l'optimisation des propriétés fonctionnelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES017.
Testo completoThe objective of this research is to develop a biopolymer / geopolymer hybrid material with good fire resistance and reaction properties, obtained by a continuous extrusion process. For, it was necessary to carry out a rheokinetic study in order to better understand the geopolymerization reaction and thus to avoid the risks of crosslinking in the twin screw extruder. The principle of reaction time - temperature superposition was developed in order to predict both the setting time as well as the moduli of the geopolymer paste during the reaction. The Takayanagi parallel series model was also used to describe the evolution of the network structure during geopolymer formation. This study highlights a process allowing to combine both the processing of the thermoplastic hybrid material based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and the generation of geopolymer in situ of a twin-screw extruder. This thesis led to the development of a new hybrid material exhibiting improved fire resistance properties either in terms of the heat release rate or the retardation of the ignition of the material. The presence of geopolymer within the TPS matrix allows the formation of a calcination residue with an alveolar, expanded and cohesive structure that can act as a physical barrier to the heat diffusion
Baccour, Mohamed. "Monolithes à porosité multi-échelle comme supports pour la réduction enzymatique du CO2 en molécules d'intérêts". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0004.
Testo completoCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that results, in part, from human activities and causes global warming and climate change. According to the International Energy Agency, global CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion reached a record high of 31.3 gigatonnes in 2011. The concept of the methanol economy, advocated by Nobel laureate Prof. George A. Olah back in the 1990s, hinges on the chemical recycling of CO2 to methanol and derived, suggesting methanol as a key substitute fuel and starting material for valuable chemicals. The recycling conversion of CO2 could be a rational way to develop an anthropogenic short-term carbon cycle. With this aim, The design of functional porous architectures depicting hierarchical and interconnected pore networks has emerged as a challenging field of research. Particularly, porous monoliths offer many advantages and can be employed as flow-through reactors for separation, catalysis and biocatalysis. This study focuses on the design of monoliths with hierarchical porosity and high surface area. Firstly, silica monoliths with both homogeneous macro- and mesopores were prepared using sol-gel chemistry and spinodal decomposition using PEO polymers. Macropore (up to 30 microns) and mesopore (up to 20 nm) diameters of the monoliths were controlled by modifying various experimental parameters (PEO molecular weight, addition of surfactants, different basic post-treatments, different temperatures, etc.). Secondly, carbonaceous replica have been prepared through hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose, subsequent pyrolysis and silica etching. These materials present large interconnected flow-trough macropores, a bimodal mesoporosity, a high surface area (up to 1400 m2 g-1) and high meso- and macropore volumes.Different enzymes were immobilized onto the monoliths amongst which formate dehydrogenases. Flow-through reactors were engineered and continuous flow biocatalysis was performed. In such systems, straightforward processes for the in situ regeneration of the enzyme cofactor, i.e. 1,4-NADH wrer developped. Flow-through reactors and their use for the enzymatic reduction of carbon dioxide into formate were designed