Tesi sul tema "Système dynamique complexe et hétérogène"
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Seppecher, Pascal. "Modélisation multi-agents d'une économie monétaire de production : un système dynamique et complexe d'interactions réelles et monétaires entre des agents multiples, hétérogènes, autonomes et concurrents". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693151.
Testo completoBen, Amira Ahmed. "Modélisation agile pour un système de fabrication complexe et dynamique". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0793/document.
Testo completoIn a full automation context with a strong Information Technology (IT) component, organizational transformations should always be accompanied by an evolution of the different information systems. In that sense, operational users of the information systems must recognize the use of information systems in terms of their functionality, and their ability to rapidly and continuously answer the requirements of the evolution of the organization.Having Information Systems (IS) which reflect businesses is not a luxury for companies. The shortfall for the company in the absence of alignment is the impact on the organization performance: The non-adequacy of the IS limits the daily tasks and degrades the potential benefits of full automation. Thus, the production system is conditioned by the IS. Beyond its functional necessity, alignment is also justified by the cost of its implementation compared to a non-alignment.This thesis aims at ensuring systematic and continuous Business / IT alignment in a complex and dynamic environment.Our study was led by the specificity of the case study and the literature review. We propose a methodology based on a "Reference Model" to minimize the Business / IT alignment gap. From a functional standpoint, the methodology relies on capturing user requirements in a Reference Model and finding acceptable compromises for the IT development, to reach the alignment incrementally. The methodology is applied on a “processability” case study in semiconductor manufacturing
Moukir, Sara. "High performance analysis for road traffic control". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG039.
Testo completoThe need to reduce travel times and energy consumption in urban road networks is critical for improving collective well-being and environmental sustainability. Since the 1950s, traffic modeling has been a central research focus. With the rapid evolution of computing capabilities in the 21st century, sophisticated digital simulations have emerged, accurately depicting road traffic complexities. Mobility simulations are essential for assessing emerging technologies like cooperative systems and dynamic GPS navigation without disrupting real traffic.As transport systems become more complex with real-time information, simulation models must adapt. Multi-agent simulations, which analyze individual behaviors within a dynamic environment, are particularly suited for this task. These simulations help understand and manage urban traffic by representing interactions between travelers and their environment.Simulating large populations of travelers in cities, potentially millions of individuals, has historically been computationally demanding. Advanced computer technologies allowing distributed calculations across multiple computers have opened new possibilities. However, many urban mobility simulators do not fully exploit these distributed architectures, limiting their ability to model complex scenarios involving many travelers and extensive networks.The main objective of this research is to improve the algorithmic and computational performance of mobility simulators. We aim to develop and validate generic and reproducible distribution models that can be adopted by various multi-agent mobility simulators. This approach seeks to overcome technical barriers and provide a solid foundation for analyzing complex transport systems in dynamic urban environments.Our research leverages the MATSim traffic simulator due to its flexibility and open structure. MATSim is widely recognized in the literature for multi-agent traffic simulation, making it an ideal candidate to test our generic methods.Our first contribution applies the "Unite and Conquer" (UC) approach to MATSim. This method accelerates simulation speed by leveraging modern computing architectures. The multiMATSim approach involves replicating several MATSim instances across multiple computing nodes with periodic communications. Each instance runs on a separate node, utilizing MATSim's native multithreading capabilities to enhance parallelism. Periodic synchronization ensures data consistency, while fault tolerance mechanisms allow the simulation to continue smoothly even if some instances fail. This approach efficiently uses diverse computational resources based on each node's specific capabilities.The second contribution explores artificial intelligence techniques to expedite the simulation process. Specifically, we use deep neural networks to predict MATSim simulation outcomes. Initially implemented on a single node, this proof-of-concept approach efficiently uses available CPU resources. Neural networks are trained on data from previous simulations to predict key metrics like travel times and congestion levels. The outputs are compared to MATSim results to assess accuracy. This approach is designed to scale, with future plans for distributed neural network training across multiple nodes.In summary, our contributions provide new algorithmic variants and explore integrating high-performance computing and AI into multi-agent traffic simulators. We aim to demonstrate the impact of these models and technologies on traffic simulation, addressing the challenges and limitations of their implementation. Our work highlights the benefits of emerging architectures and new algorithmic concepts for enhancing the robustness and performance of traffic simulators, presenting promising results
Benhani, El mehdi. "Sécurité des systèmes sur puce complexes hétérogènes". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES016.
Testo completoThe thesis studies the security of the ARM TrustZone technology in the context of complex heterogeneous SoCs. The thesis presents hardware attacks that affect elements of the SoCs architecture and it also presents countermeasure strategies
Dumartineix, Cécile. "Modélisation et étude de la dynamique complexe d'un système bi-rotor aubagé couplé". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC049.
Testo completoTurbomachines optimization requires an excellent control of the vibration phenomena of the whole structure, especially in regards to the interactions between the different parts of the engine. The coupling between global dynamics and blade dynamics of a shaft line alters the vibration behavior of the bladed-disks, which are usually designed separately. The study of these phenomena comes with large sized models which require specific numerical tools with low-cost solving strategy. These energy exchanges are particularly difficult to predict in the case of a bi-rotor architecture coupled with a bearing system. When the equations of motion of both structures are written simultaneously, the rotating speed difference introduces time-periodic coefficients which yield expensive time resolution. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a new methodology for the projection of the equation of motion of a bladed bi-rotor system in order to restore a regular equation form compatible with classical frequency solving methods. Compared with time resolution taken as reference, this new approach gives accurate results when applied on simple finite element models submitted to mono- and multi-frequency excitation forces. This substantially time-saving method makes it possible to study the forced response of a characteristic system of two coupled bladed-disks, on a large range of rotation speeds. Two vibratory interaction phenomena are thus revealed, directly related to the occurrence of energy exchanges through the inter-shaft bearing. A graphic detection of unstable areas according to both rotation speeds is established and validated thanks to a double ring model. The proposed projection methodology of the equation of motion is then extended to consider two current industrial challenges. First, in the case of friction nonlinearity present on one bladed-disk, the harmonic balance method is adapted to fit the new form of equation obtained after projection. Finally, the impact of the coupling mechanism is studied by replacing the bearing with a gearbox
Martinez, Nicolas. "Etudes structurales et dynamiques du système de transport bactérien FhaB/FhaC et du complexe de réplication des Rhabdoviridae". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721739.
Testo completoSollelis, Lauriane. "Dynamique de la réplication de l’ADN et complexe pré-réplicatif chez Leishmania sp.. : apport du système CRISPR/Cas9". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT062/document.
Testo completoLeishmania, a protozoan parasite which causes a large range of diseases worldwide, is characterized by a constitutive 'mosaic aneuploidy', i.e. each cell in a population possesses a unique combination of mono-, di- and trisomies for each of its 36 heterologous chromosomes. Mosaic aneuploidy is generated and maintained via high rates of asymmetric chromosomal allotments during mitosis, leading to the gain or loss of whole chromosomes. This implies an unconventional regulation of the replication, followed by a permissive segregation.The main objective of this study was to unravel DNA replication dynamics and to map the replication initiation sites in Leishmania using DNA combing and ChIP-seq analyses. First, we have characterized DNA replication fork parameters. One of the major findings of this study was that Leishmania exhibits the fastest replication speed and the largest interorigin distances among the eukaryotes tested so far. We have also estimated that the Leishmania major genome possesses 168 origins of replication.To study the actors involved in DNA replication, we first had to develop novel genetic tools. The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR associated endonuclease 9) system is a recently discovered powerful technique for genome editing. In order to adapt this system to Leishmania, we have chosen a two-plasmid strategy: one for the expression of the single guide (sg) RNA and a second for the expression of the endonuclease CAS9. The proof of concept has been based on the disruption of the paraflagellar rod-2 (PFR2) loci by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In a second attempt, we have developed an inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system, both to obtain knock outs and to perform marker-free endogenous gene tagging. We used the system to investigate the function of Origin Recognition Complex proteins. Although the system was leaky, the genome was edited as expected. We thus deleted Orc1b and Orc1/Cdc6 and monitored the cell cycle progression of the parasite. We found that the depletion of these nuclear proteins lead to a growth defect and to the appearance of zoids (anucleated cells). The endogenous tagging of Orc1b confirmed the localization previously obtained using an episomal expression vector, and will allow further investigation on the role of this protein.In total, we have shown the presence of original replication dynamics parameters in Leishmania, and using CRISPR Cas9, we have demonstrated that Orc1b and Orc1/Cdc6 are involved in the nuclear duplication of Leishmania, in agreement with their putative in DNA replication
Lucas, Iris. "Dynamique et contrôle d'un marché financier avec une approche système multi-agents". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH39/document.
Testo completoThis thesis suggests reflection in studying financial markets through complex systems prism.First, an original mathematic description for describing agents' decision-making process in case of problems affecting by both individual and collective behavior is introduced. The proposed method is particularly applicable when studied system is characterized by non-linear, path dependent and self-organizing interactions. An application to financial markets is proposed by designing a multi¬agent system based on the proposed formalization.In this application, we propose to implement a computational agent-based financial market in which the system is described in both a microscopie and macroscopic levels are proposed. The agents' decision-making process is based on fuzzy logic rules and the price dynamic is purely deten-ninistic according to the basis matching rules of a central order book as in NYSE-Euronext-Paris. We show that, while putting most parameters under evolutionary control, the computational agent- based system is able to replicate several stylized facts of financial time series (distributions of stocks returns showing a heavy tau l with positive excess kurtosis and volatility clustering phenomenon).Thereafter, with numerical simulations we propose to study three system's properties: self-organization, resilience and robustness. First a method is introduced to quantify the degree of selforganization which ernerges in the system and shows that the capacity of self-organization is maximized when the agents' behaviors are heterogeneous. Secondly, we propose to study the system's response when market shock is simulated. in both cases, numerical results are presentedI and analyzed, showing how the global market behavior emerges from specific individual behavior interactions.Our results notably show that the emergence of collective herding behavior when market shock occurs leads to a temporary disruption on the system self-organization. Finaily, numerical simulations highlight that our artificial financial market can be able to absorb strong mono-shock but be lead to the rupture by low but repeated perturbations
Ndiaye, Jean-Luc. "Une activité dynamique au sein d'un système complexe : rôle et place de la transformation artisanale dans le "système pêche maritime" au Sénégal : étude de géographie économique". Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30070.
Testo completoSmall-scale fish processing remains a part of the fishing system in senegal which is relativaly unknow. However, this activity plays an important part within the system : in the past, it enabled some traditionnal communities to specialized in marine activities ; nowadays, it still plays an important role in the development of the fishery and in the valorization of sea products. The activity provides a regular income to a large number of men and women all along the coast, as well as to traders who sell the products in senegal and aboard. Finally, dried and smoked fishes are basic food for both rural and urban populations for whom they are one of the cheapest source of animal protein
Baleh, Rachid. "Flambage plastique quasi-statique et dynamique de structures tubulaires métalliques sous sollicitations simple et complexe - système d'absorption d'énergie - via un nouveau dispositif expérimental". Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0012.
Testo completoIn this work, the plastic buckling of three metallic tubular structures (copper, aluminium and mild steel) is experimentally investigated under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. Under quasi-static state, the geometric parameters effect on the behavior of such materials is studied leading hence to proposing two new solutions. They aim to maximize the absorbed energy. The principal idea of this work focalizes on a new development of a special mechanical rig capable to transform a uniaxial compression to a biaxial loading of compression-torsion. The rate of change of torsional component effect on the plastic flow of these structures is appropriately examined. An increase of the absorbed energy of 30% in copper and aluminium cases is hence recorded in comparison with uniaxial case. In the dynamic case, the speed of loading effect on uniaxial response of these materials is first treated. The biaxial dynamic behavior is then examined in order to determine the effects of the geometry and the physical mechanisms on the energy dissipation. The behavior change shows sensitivity to the loading nature. Thus, an energy dissipation increase with the loading complexity is obviously demonstrated. For the aluminium, the gain is more than 150% with respect to uniaxial case
Lopes, Christelle. "Dynamique d'un système hôte-parasitoïde en environnement spatialement hétérogène et lutte biologique Application au puceron Aphis gossypii et au parasitoïde Lysiphlebus testaceipes en serre de melons". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003399.
Testo completoLopes, Christelle. "Dynamique d’un système hôte-parasitoïde en environnement spatialement hétérogène et lutte biologique : application au puceron Aphis gossypii et au parasitoïde Lysiphlebus testaceipes en serre de melons". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3399/01/these-Lopes.pdf.
Testo completoNatural ecosystems are unavoidably spatially structured and the induced heterogeneity affects various processes of ecological systems. In many cases, the influence of spatial heterogeneity on population dynamics remains unclear. This thesis contributes to a better theoretical understanding of the effects of such heterogeneity on host-parasitoid interactions. In this way, three spatial approaches were developed and adapted to the aphid pest Aphis gossypii and one of its parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes in a melon greenhouse. The importance of spatial structure was tested by comparing a non-spatial model with a spatially explicit model (a lattice one). Our results showed that considering space is essential to describe the spatial heterogeneous distribution of populations Observed in the field. The way in which space should be considered was tested by comparing the spatially explicit model with a new implicit approach, which describes the level of plant infestation by a continuous variable corresponding to the number of plants with a given density of pests at a given time. When the explicit model needs as many equations as plants in the greenshouse, our novel approach has only a partial differential equation. We could infer from the comparisons between the two spatial models that the predicted host-parasitoid dynamics were similar under most conditions; and the differences were due to local dispersal (considered only in the explicit model), because it could have a strong impact on population dynamics but did not change the conclusions for crop protection. The new implicit model thus generated relevant predictions with a more synthetic formalism than the common plant-by-plant model. This implicit model was used to test biological control strategies. We showed that (i) preventive releases are less efficient than curative ones, if the cost of infestation detection is not too high; (ii) strategies with several releases are always better than single releases strategies. As a conclusion, we demonstrated that the effectiveness of a biological control depends on the functional response of the parasitoids, the initial distribution of pests (that determines the infestation process) and the costs affected to each type of strategies
Grasseau, Nicolas. "Architecture, dynamique et modélisation sismique synthétique d'un système fluvio-deltaïque syntectonique : le complexe deltaïque éocène moyen du Sobrarbe, bassin d'avant-pays sud-pyrénéen (Aragon, Espagne)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30029.
Testo completoIn the South-Pyrenean foreland basin, the exceptional continuity of middle Eocene Sobrarbe deltaic complex deposit environments allows to observe the stratigraphic and sedimentary architecture of a syntectonic river-dominated delta system at different scales. The main objective of this study is to determine the origin of allogenic and/or autogenic factors that control the distribution of deposits of such sedimentary system in a compressive setting, in order to compare it to other deltaic systems that accumulate in different geological contexts. This study is based on the acquisition of detailed geological mapping and about sixty measured sections. The database is complemented by updating chronostratigraphic data from the literature and additional magnetostratigraphic data. Sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis of the sedimentary system leads to an accurate description of geometry, facies and physical processes of different depositional environments distributed along two sedimentary models: a high energy river-delta system developed during progradational phases, a low energy mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system characterizing the aggrado-progradational and transgressive phases. Three dip sections analysis allows the identification of three nested order sequence: fifth-order sequences, fourth-order sequences and third-order sequences. The complex organization of fourth and third-order sequences systems tracts reflects accommodation variations caused mainly by structural deformation at different scales, secondary by eustatic changes. An advanced systems tract analysis leads a discussion of interrelationships between three main parameters that control the dynamics in time and space of sedimentary system: changes in the accommodation rate, sediment input and the influence of sedimentary processes. These elements provide semi-quantitative information regarding to the sediment accumulation within the different depositional environments (source to sink). Summary of results leads to the sequential reconstruction of the Sobrarbe deltaic complex paleogeography. Subsidence analysis of the Ainsa basin permits to reconstruct the sedimentation and sedimentary basin evolution from Lutetian to Oligocene times. An integrated study of outcrop-forward seismic modelling-real seismic analog provides an architectural and dimensional data combination used to improve seismic interpretation of river-deltaic reservoir systems. Such studies greatly reduce the uncertainties associated with the resolution of subsurface data, enabling better economic assessment of reservoirs
En la cuenca de antepais surpirenaica, la continuidad extraordinaria de los ambientes de deposito del complejo deltaico eoceno medio del Sobrarbe permite la observacion de la arquitectura estratigrafica y sedimentaria de un sistema fluvio-deltaico sintectonico a diferentes escalas. El objetivo principal del estudio presentado es la determinacion del origen de los factores alogenicos y/o autogenicos que controlan la distribucion de los depositos de dicho sistema sedimentario en contexto compresivo, para poder compararlo con otros sistemas deltaicos acumulados en contextos geologicos diferentes. Este estudio se basa en la adquisicion de una cartografia geologica detallada y de una sesentena de columnas sedimentarias. La base de datos se completa mediante la actualizacion de los datos cronoestratigraficos originarios de la literatura y la adquisicion puntual de datos magnetoestratigraficos. El analisis sedimentologico y estratigrafico del sistema sedimentario ha dado lugar a una descripcion exacta de las geometrias, las facies, y de los procesos fisicos que caracterizan los diferentes ambientes de depositos dentro de dos modelos sedimentarios: un sistema fluvio-deltaico de alta energia desarrollado durante fases progradantes, un sistema mixto detritico-carbonatado caracterizando fases agrado-progradantes y transgresivas. El analisis de tres paneles de correlacion, de orientacion proximal-distal, ha permitido la distincion de tres ordenes de secuencialidad: secuencias de quinto orden, de cuarto orden y de tercer orden. La organizacion compleja de diferentes cortejos de deposito de secuencias de cuarto y tercer orden refleja variaciones de acomodacion provocadas principalmente por la deformacion estructural a diferentes escalas y por variaciones eustaticas. Un analisis detallado de los cortejos sedimentarios permite una discusion sobre interrelaciones entre los tres parametros mayores que controlan la dinamica del sistema sedimentario en el espacio y en el tiempo: las variaciones de la tasa de acomodacion, del flujo sedimentario y la influencia de procesos sedimentarios. Dichos elementos proporcionan informacion semicuantitativa sobre la acumulacion sedimentaria en los ambientes de deposito (source to sink). La sintesis de los resultados llega a la reconstruccion de la paleogeografia del complejo deltaico del Sobrarbe. Finalmente, el analisis de la subsidencia de la cuenca de Ainsa ha permitido de reconstruir la evolucion de la sedimentacion y de la cuenca sedimentaria entre el Luteciense y el Oligoceno. Un estudio integrado afloramiento-modelizacion sismica sintetica-analogo real de subsuelo proporciona una combinacion de datos arquitecturales y dimensionales util para mejorar interpretaciones sismicas de sistemas reservorios fluvio-deltaicos. Dichos estudios reducen de manera considerable incertidumbres asociadas a la resolucion de los datos de subsuelo, lo que permite una mejor evaluacion economica de los reservorios
Blanc, Jean-luc. "Transmission de l'information et complexité des activités de populations neuronales". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4720/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we address the problem of transmission and information processing by neuronal assemblies, in terms of the interdisciplinary approach of complex systems by referring mainly to the formalisms of information theory and dynamical systems. In this context, we focus on the mechanisms underlying sensory information representation by neuronal activity through neural coding. We explore the structure of this code under several scales through the study of different neuronal population electrophysiological signals (singel unit, LFP and EEG). We have implemented various indices in order to extract objectively information from neural activity, but also to characterize the underlying dynamics from finite size time series (the entropy rate). We also defined a new indicator (the mutual information rate), which quantifies self-organization and relations of coupling between two systems. Using theoretical and numerical approaches, we analyze some characteristic properties of these indices and propose their use in the context of the study of neural systems. This work allows us to characterize the complexity of different neuronal activity associated to information transmission dynamics
Réné, Lydie. "La dynamique des interactions au cœur d'un dispositif de formation à distance, vu comme un système complexe de communication, focus sur les représentations et les communications des acteurs". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666436.
Testo completoRéné, Lydie. "La dynamique des interactions au coeur d'un dispositif de formation à distance, vu comme un système complexe de communication : focus sur les représentations et les communications des acteurs". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30059.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to show how interactions can influence a complex system of distance training communication, and reveal its limits. The main aim is to show that dropping out can be explained by loss of grips from the representations and communication dynamics of involved actors, and how some limits of the system favor this loss of grips. The end purpose of this thesis is to number these limits by defining a category of communicational drop out. This qualitative research is based on the Palo Alto theory of pragmatic communication, to analyze interactions between actors, as well as the theory of social representations by translating the evolution of representations into images, over one year. The concept of “grip” creates a link between communicational events and dropping out. It confronts actors' shared landmarks with their personal perception of lived events, which in turn, accounts for their level of commitment and action
Morel, Pascal. "Modélisation des amplificateurs optiques à semi-conducteurs : du composant au système". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556006.
Testo completoGres, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'épistémologie de la conception sûre pour l'exploration spatiale habitée. Applications aux missions à longue distance et de longue durée à mener en autonomie dans un environnement à demi connu : le cas Mars". Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1758.
Testo completoThe thesis is a contribution to safety design in technology applied to Human space exploration involving international cooperation. Co-ordinating security and safety by means of centralized control could become very hazardous in the case of an autonomous complex technological system such as a long duration Mars mission. The work in this thesis is situated in a multidisciplinary context : Human sciences coupled with engineering sciences and identifies the problems posed by the design of an autonomous space system which is interacting with an unknown environment and which is coupled with the on-board team of astronauts. The methodology generates a process of continuous questioning that increases consciousness of dangers and risks. This creates a dynamical learning process of robust safety. The epistemology of safety design makes it possible to transform the design process away from a system-centred design towards a cooperative design that motivates all the authors of the project