Tesi sul tema "Système d'aide à la décision locale"
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Belin, Bruno. "Conception interactive d'environnements urbains durables à base de résolution de contraintes". Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b33fac3a-1e3f-4508-ba1a-65e60252547e.
Testo completoThe design of more sustainable cities has emerged as a central society issue. A city, in the early stage of its design process, can be seen as a balanced set of urban shapes (residential, commercial, artisanal and industrial units, roads, schools, parks,. . . ). These shapes need to be spatially organized following complex rules based on a systemic view of the city, including social, economic, ecological and transportation aspects. In this thesis, we provide a computer-aided decision tool to assist urban planners and decision makers in the task of designing sustainable cities. We cast the urban planning problem as an optimization problem that we solve with local search techniques, by iteratively swapping the urban shapes. At this stage, our tool automatically organizes urban shapes over a given empty, spatially delimited territory. We extend this sequential algorithm with novel heuristics to improve the computation time, and propose a distributed version, efficient on large problems. Finally, we add interactive features that allow the experts to modify the spatial organization of the city, while maintaining on the fly the relations between shapes and informing the experts of the impacts of their choices. The benefits of our approach are highlighted by examples and feedbacks from experts in the domain, and open the way for new approaches to design the cities of the future
Bombenger, Pierre-Henri. "L'urbanisme en campagne : pratiques de planification des sols et d'aide à la décision dans des communes rurales françaises". Thèse, Tours, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4492/1/D2275.pdf.
Testo completoLaugel, Thibault. "Interprétabilité locale post-hoc des modèles de classification "boites noires"". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS215.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the field of XAI (eXplainable AI), and more particularly local post-hoc interpretability paradigm, that is to say the generation of explanations for a single prediction of a trained classifier. In particular, we study a fully agnostic context, meaning that the explanation is generated without using any knowledge about the classifier (treated as a black-box) nor the data used to train it. In this thesis, we identify several issues that can arise in this context and that may be harmful for interpretability. We propose to study each of these issues and propose novel criteria and approaches to detect and characterize them. The three issues we focus on are: the risk of generating explanations that are out of distribution; the risk of generating explanations that cannot be associated to any ground-truth instance; and the risk of generating explanations that are not local enough. These risks are studied through two specific categories of interpretability approaches: counterfactual explanations, and local surrogate models
Poirier, Laurence. "Système interactif d'aide à la décision pour la fonction personnel". Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090027.
Testo completoThis research has been done in three points : - analysis and description of manpower planning management (adminis- tration, employement, salary, social relations, communication). Then the study of main softwares of market, pointing out their advantages and defaults. - hypothesis that dss is the best answer to that kind of problems. It was a good opportunity to define and developpe this concept implies : data base, models base, iterative design, romc analysis. - demonstration of that hypothesis, using a particular case : the evaluation of foreign employees salary. The total answer for such problems seems to be a complete and specific dss including an appropriate expert system
Nkengue, Marc Junior. "Développement d'un vêtement intelligent pour le suivi et diagnostic en temps-réel de patients atteints de COVID-19 long". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CLIL0013.
Testo completoBased on the results (prototypes, sensors, algorithms) obtained in our previous projects (IOTFetMov (ANR), TexWeld (H2020)), this PhD thesis aims at designing a new intelligent garment, in order to detect and monitor in real time, the symptoms of long COVID-19 patient. We establish a pre-diagnosis by processing relevant signals using intelligent techniques. This intelligent garment, a close-fitting belt, integrates both a set of sensors, measuring physiological indices (skin temperatures, electrocardiogram) and embed a local decision support system allowing to estimate relevant parameters used for an automatic estimation of the connected patient health status, by learning from the measured signals and from the medical expert knowledge. A remote diagnosis can be carried out through interactions with the doctor via the e-textile and the patient's smartphone. In this way, a rapid worsening of symptoms will be detected early, and doctors will be able to react more quickly to manage patients
Tensaout, Mouloud. "Essai pour la construction d'un système intéractif d'aide a la décision". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100102.
Testo completoIn the turbulent envitonment, planning is a basic activity requiring the coordination, the expertise and the judgement of a group of organisation members. A recent developement has been the use the specific decision support systems (dsss). However, a survey of dss designed to support oraganisational decision-making (mis, eis, brandaid, etc), since two decades, indicates many goals in the spcific dss field remain unfulfielled. Today's dss are based on conceptual frameworks developed in the early's '80s : a techno-rational approach to supporting human decision. We propose to build a systemic and interactive dss based on the recent developement theories (cognition science, learning school, socio-psychological approach and evolutionary theory). This systemic dss integrates organizational decision-making vertically (among strategic, tactical, and operational levels) and horizontally (among functional fields at the same level : marketing, finance, rpoduction and human ressource). On another words, it integrates several specific dss designed to support separate function's decision-making that exist within an organizational to coordonate and manage conflicts among the various subunits of the firm. This systemic dss focuses on the effectiviness rather than efficiency. It conceptually based on socio-psychological approach rather than techno-rational approach
Souply, Marc. "Un système d'aide à la décision pour les négoces de matériaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC204.
Testo completoThis thesis describes the implementation of a decision support system for the material trade. It describes the industrial context in which this trade operates, and justifies the two key areas where significant improvements can be made: demand prediction and replenishment optimization. Existing solutions in these two areas are explored, and the applicability of recent Industry 4.0 methods is discussed. It appears that small and medium-sized industries have neither the need nor the means to deploy Big Data models. For these reasons, this work proposes processes that save computing power, blending well-known traditional methods with more recent concepts to circumscribe forecasts and replenishments around what really matters for the material trade: reliable results on key products, obtained within realistic operational timescales. For these reasons, the study relies mainly on experiments such as forecasting with automated seasonality extraction and upstream selection of the best predictive model from four: the ARIMAX model, the random forest, the LSTM and a moving average. Optimization, on the other hand, is accelerated by a sequence of resolution methods supported by early-stopping and warm-start, while taking into account the numerous constraints specific to this trading field. Four optimization methods are compared: a greedy algorithm, a quadratic solver, simulated annealing and a genetic algorithm
Wang, Yiding. "Contribution à l’élaboration d'un système d'aide à la décision en conception initiale". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0113.
Testo completo[The design process of a mechanical abject is often characterised by design specifications. A first step in the design process involves the correct definition of the problem which consists in defining the functions to be satisfied and the underlying constraints. This yields to a functional design specification report. The choices to be made are obtained in an iterative way and with successive approximations by exploring the physical domain in order to identify the solutions. The design process is an multidisciplinary activity in which the intuitive decisions made by the designer play an important role. This thesis work presents the possible modellings and the decision making strategies based on the design theories, methodologies and available tools. We have finally elaborated a decision making system for conceptual design. The system is based on the axiomatic approach, logic reasoning and multi-criteria approach. The framework gives a way to model the iterative process in order to give an aid during the design project. The possible solutions are evaluated according to each criterion depending on the designer's judgement and on the context. ]
Montaut, Denis. "Un système interactif d'analyse des données comme outil d'aide à la décision". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090042.
Testo completoDecision-maker, data, models are the main concepts we are dealing with. The aim of this work is to give, thanks to the experience we have in classical data analysis softwares, and to well-known examples of interactive decision support systems, research elements for conceiving an interactive dss built on data analysis tools. We describe classical data analysis processes, and study the "D. S. S. " concept. An example of interactive data analysis software in built
Vidal, Jean Baptiste. "Système d'aide à la décision pour une planification industrielle et commerciale adaptative". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAC0016.
Testo completoThe Demand Driven Adaptive Enterprise (DDAE) approach, proposed by the Demand Driven Institute (DDI), has attracted growing interest among academics and professionals in recent years. The present research focuses on the strategic side of this model, specifically on the Adaptive Sales & Operations Planning (AS&OP) process. AS&OP is supposed to provide managers with visibility to control variability, improve ROI and adapt to frequent market fluctuations. Although these benefits have been claimed previously by other methodologies, many have failed to deliver on these promises. As a result, AS&OP has captured the attention of many professionals. However, little formal research has yet validated its effectiveness, and no operational tools have been established. This doctoral thesis evaluates the relevance and scope of the AS&OP process. The aim has been to identify the limitations of current methods in the literature, and to highlight perspectives to be explored further, such as risk, flow, finance, capacity, market, etc., as well as decision variables, coordination mechanisms, organizational structures, and performance indicators. In practice, this research presents the development of an AS&OP-DSS decision support system for dynamic simulation, including associated methodology and algorithmics. First, an aggregated model of the DDMRP (Demand Driven Requirement Planning) approach is developed and integrated within this system. Subsequently, a strategy for including uncertainties, risks and opportunities is proposed, while evaluating each scenario via ad hoc performance indicators. This system proposes to facilitate scenario generation and evaluation using dynamic simulation based on what-if planning. Finally, the proposal integrates a capability-based approach to planning in order to better support the strategic decisions to be taken. The results of this research are corroborated at each stage by field studies involving companies adopting the DDAE approach. Thus, the study is structured around two main axes: a theoretical dimension and a practical dimension
Yannacopoulos, Denis. "Mise en place et expérimentation d'un système interactif d'aide à la décision multicritère". Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090027.
Testo completoAliotti, Antoine. "Structuration et conception d'un système d'aide à la décision pour la chirurgie orthopédique". Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4021.
Testo completoThis work is about a tool of a making aid for orthopaedic surgeon works. The main object is to define the good prosthesis for the orthopaedic surgeons from the standard x ray images. Our approach is about the process of the GMCAO between the perception, the reflexion and the action. From the patient radiographies, the surgeon determines the each anatomical element like region of interest and the good prosthesis from a data base is defined. Also, our study deals with the ergonomic definition of our software. We use two methods. The first describes an laboratory study from fifty femoral bones to validate the software. And the second is a clinical one with our associated surgeons from patients. We compare the software and manually solutions. We also analyse the surgeon interest about the use of this software
Chusseau, Sébastien. "Système d'aide à la décision pré-opératoire en chirurgie orthopédique de la scoliose". Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e2be771b-f575-467e-9a09-a5dc303417c8.
Testo completoFrançois, Patrice. "Évaluation des systèmes informatiques d'aide à la décision médicale : étude du système Meninge". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE19007.
Testo completoOglaza, Arnaud. "Système d'aide à la décision pour la protection des données de vie privée". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10015/document.
Testo completoWe are using more and more devices connected to the Internet. Our smartphones, tablets and now everyday items can share data to make our life easier. Sharing data may harm our privacy and there is a need to control them. However, this task is complex especially for non technical users. To facilitate this task, we present a decision support system, named KAPUER, that proposes high level authorization policies by learning users' privacy preferences. This learning phase is based on a multi criteria approach. We have defined an innovative model of problem solving using meta-criteria to express the different level of abstraction existing in autorisation policies. We also present KAGOP, an aggregation operator using our model of problem solving to take into account interactions between criteria. KAPUER has been implemented in an Android based system and a simulator has been developed to test it
Wang, Yunfei. "Un système réactif d'aide à la décision pour le transport intermodal de marchandises". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0010/document.
Testo completoBarge transportation is an important research topic that started to draw increasing scientific attention in the recent decade. Considered as sustainable, environment-friendly and economical, barge transportation has been identified as a competitive alternative for freight transportation, complementing the traditional road and rail modes. However, contributions related to barge transportation, especially in the context of intermodal transportation, are still scarce. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to fill this gap by proposing a reactive decision support system for freight intermodal barge transportation from the perspective of the carriers. The proposed system incorporates resource and revenue management concepts and principles to build the optimal set of scheduled services plans at the tactical level. Carriers may thus benefit from transportation plans offering increased flexibility and reliability. They could thus serve more demands and better satisfy customers. One novelty of the approach is the application of revenue management considerations (e.g., market segmentation and price differentiation) at both operational and tactical planning levels. The optimization problems are mathematically formalized and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are proposed, implemented and tested against various network settings and demand scenarios, for each decision level. At the tactical level, a new solution approach, combining adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) and Tabu search is designed to solve large scale MILP problems. An integrated simulation framework, including the tactical and the operational levels jointly, is proposed to validate the decision support system in different settings, in terms of physical network topology, revenue management parameters and accuracy degree of demand forecasts. To analyze the numerical results corresponding to the solutions of the optimization problems, several categories of performance indicators are proposed and used
Boussetta, Slim. "Stratégies d'exécution de plans d'un système multiagent". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090042.
Testo completoNiang, Boubacar. "Gestion de tâches de diagnostic d'un système réparti : application à l'optimisation de la disponibilité d'un système éolien de production d'énergie". Troyes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TROY0024.
Testo completoWithin the framework of distributed equipment subjected to reduction of the downtimes and costs linked to maintenance activities, the search for maximum availability requires a computer based decision-support modelling of the preventive maintenance based on an optimal management of the diagnosis activities on the embedded processors. There are various diagnosis methods and approaches for detecting, isolating and identifying faults in industrial processes, using models or not. When the units to be monitored are multiple with several tasks to being deployed for the diagnosis, management difficulty arises due to intrinsic and extrinsic constraints linked to environment, operating condition, etc. We propose a real-time management model of diagnosis tasks and a genetic algorithm for scheduling the tasks on distributed processors. The algorithms are equivalent to diagnosis agents. The objective is to schedule set of tasks combinations on the distributed processors while minimizing the total execution time (makespan) under the specified constraints. The formulated problem has been proved NP-hard. Hence, we sought solutions based on the approximate methods which, in the best case, ten towards the optimum within reasonable search times. A Monte Carlo simulation applied to a plant of wind energy production unites is then carried out, and have enabled evaluating the impact of our scheduling solution on the availability of the set of monitored units
Marest, Philippe. "Eléments pour l'information de la composante management du système d'information". Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090050.
Testo completoRomero, Ramirez Fernando Constante. "Design d'un système d'aide à la décision à l'évaluation de la sous-traitance industrielle". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/79/1/ROMERO_Fernando.pdf.
Testo completoSahraoui, Sofiane Ahmed. "Un système d'aide à la décision pour une amélioration optimisée de la performance industrielle". Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS018.
Testo completoIncreasing productivity implies major socio-economical stakes and confers a key role to industrial performance diagnosis and improvement tasks in the framework of production systems control and organization management. Actually, these problems of performance improvement and performance management require of multi criteria decision-making support systems, in our case, it is based with the methodology PETRA. In our framework, industrial performances are thus defined in terms of numerous and multi-level criteria to b synthesized for overall improvement purposes. The overall performance is modeled as the aggregation elementary performances. A fuzzy Choquet integral aggregation operator is introduced. It allows expressing an overall performance according to the relative importance of criteria and interactions between elementary expressions. A decision-making support is proposed to quantify performances improvement, diagnose explain why an improvement failed, reach the expected objectives in an optimal way. These formal issues are then derived into multi criteria decision-making mathematical problems related to industrial performance management and diagnosis. The related solving methods are integrated into the software tool GeniPlus. GeniPlus is an original contribution to performances management in terms of information processing. GeniPlus has been tested at Bosch Rexroth SAS Fluidtech group specialized in pneumatics and hydraulics
Adzakpa, Pelope. "MAINTENANCE DES SYSTÈMES DISTRIBUÉS : MÉTHODES D'AIDE À LA DÉCISION TEMPS-RÉEL". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371543.
Testo completoMeyer, Claudie. "Le changement du processus de décision à la suite de l'introduction d'un système interactif d'aide à la décision : étude empirique". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20256.
Testo completoSaad, Ihsen. "Conception d'un système d'aide à l'ordonnancement tenant compte des impératifs économiques". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECLI0007.
Testo completoOur works deal with the implementation of methodologies for production resolution and optimization taking into consideration economic imperatives, which are important parts in industrial manufacturing control. For the flexible job-shop problem, five criteria are considered : Makespan, the workload of the critical machine, the total workload of machines, the penalties of earliness/tardiness and the production cost. In this direction, the decision and evaluation problems are introduced and studied, and three integrated approaches, based on genetic algorithms, improving evolutionary approaches which exist in the literature, are presented : static method based on Choquet's integral, approached method based on the Pareto-optimality concept as well as the method based on the concept of ε-dominance Pareto-optimality. The proposed approaches are used to generate a variety of optimal solutions needed to help the decision-maker, when he can not give a particular preference to one of the objective functions. Proposed results, obtained globally for the overall of criteria, are successfully compared with those obtained by other existing approaches on several benchmarks presenting different complexities
Berrouachedi, Abdelkader. "Réflexions sur l'ajustement d'un système de gestion à travers la réalisation d'un système d'information à composante informatique : cas du système de gestion de la voirie urbaine". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0109.
Testo completoThe introduction of the data-processing in an organization seems to pose some dilemmas that are due to the encounter of factors of two natures: some classics had to all action of change, the other individuals had to the nature of the abject of the change: the data-processing, first, if for reduce the effect of the change, the best remedy seems the plug in account of the culture of the organization in its largest meaning (know-how, human reports. . . ), how can one lessen nevertheless to imagine the methodical integration of the behavior and the reasoning of the man to the conception of a technical tool ? On the other hand, the reality of ail activity, notably operational as urban management, is characterized naturally by a high detail rate and unforeseen emanating so from men that things, how in this case to establish the relationship between this moving character of reality and the conception of a rational and algorithmic tool? finally, if the concrete conduct of a process of conception, computer applications in our case, cannot happen formalized methods, it remains that the passage of the method to the action in the reality is not always all rest ; there equally the same question : what report would maintain the method with its application ? The thesis plans to approach this problematical through a concrete case, namely the installation of a geographic information system in a given professional world, in the occurrence the direction of the roads of the urban community of Lyon. This enterprise, although amply technical, does not notice solely a technical step. The human aspect translated in the organization and the culture, notably the technical culture, is very important and represents thereby a factor to take into account. The choice of a concrete case is not fortuitous, because it has seemed us difficult to approach a such subject outside of a real context, we have, through our active presence in this context, observed the process of conception of the information system and tried to formalize it
Desgagné-Lebeuf, Alexandre, e Alexandre Desgagné-Lebeuf. "Outils de planification pour l'industrie de la construction : aperçu et système d'aide à la décision". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36965.
Testo completoL’industrie de la construction est un des plus importants secteurs d’emploi au Canada. Cependant, son inertie rivalise avec sa taille, et cette constatation est visible par l’écart de productivité qui se creuse chaque année par rapport aux autres secteurs. Parmi les nombreuses recommandations à travers le monde et les années, l’augmentation de la présence des technologies revient régulièrement, notamment par l’adoption de méthodes et d’outils logiciels de conception, de planification et de gestion de projet plus avancées que le diagramme de Gantt sur papier. Cette maitrise se veut à la fois une entrée en matière pour les acteurs de la construction, et une base sur laquelle établir les prochaines avancées académiques dans le domaine de la planification des chantiers de construction. Afin d’y parvenir, quatre étapes ont été réalisées: une revue systématique de la littérature de 2008 à 2018, suivie d’une classification en trois figures des 28 outils trouvés, puis des entrevues semi-structurées sur les travaux réalisés jusqu’à maintenant et leurs suites. Finalement, un système d’aide à la décision a été conçu sur Excel afin d’accompagner les acteurs de l’industrie à travers les résultats de la recherche. Les contributions de ce mémoire sont : 1) Une revue systématique de la littérature de 2008 à 2018 sur les outils de planification assistée par ordinateur ; 2) Un répertoire d’idées et d’outils concernant la planification assistée par ordinateur dans l’industrie de la construction ; 3) Un outil convivial et portatif pour accéder aux résultats de cette recherche
The construction industry is one of the most important employment sectors in Canada. However, its inertia rivals its size, and this observation is visible in the productivity gap that widens each year compared to other sectors. Among the many recommendations around the world and over the years, an increase in the use of technologies is a recurring theme, particularly through the adoption of more advanced computer assisted design, planning and project management methods than the Gantt chart on paper. This Masters’ thesis is intended to be both an introduction for construction stakeholders and a basis on which to establish the next academic advances in the field of construction site scheduling. To achieve this, four steps were carried out: a systematic literature review from 2008 to 2018, followed by a three-figure classification of the 28 tools found, and semi-structured interviews on the work done up to date and its follow-up. Finally, a decision support system was set up in Excel to support industry players with research results. The contributions of this thesis are: 1) A systematic literature review from 2008 to 2018 on computer-assisted scheduling tools; 2) A directory of ideas and tools for computer-assisted scheduling in the construction industry; 3) A user-friendly and portable solution to browse the results of this research.
The construction industry is one of the most important employment sectors in Canada. However, its inertia rivals its size, and this observation is visible in the productivity gap that widens each year compared to other sectors. Among the many recommendations around the world and over the years, an increase in the use of technologies is a recurring theme, particularly through the adoption of more advanced computer assisted design, planning and project management methods than the Gantt chart on paper. This Masters’ thesis is intended to be both an introduction for construction stakeholders and a basis on which to establish the next academic advances in the field of construction site scheduling. To achieve this, four steps were carried out: a systematic literature review from 2008 to 2018, followed by a three-figure classification of the 28 tools found, and semi-structured interviews on the work done up to date and its follow-up. Finally, a decision support system was set up in Excel to support industry players with research results. The contributions of this thesis are: 1) A systematic literature review from 2008 to 2018 on computer-assisted scheduling tools; 2) A directory of ideas and tools for computer-assisted scheduling in the construction industry; 3) A user-friendly and portable solution to browse the results of this research.
Dindeleux, Eric. "Proposition d'un modèle et d'un système interactif d'aide à la décision pour la conduite d'atelier". Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7eb1e5a1-69e9-467c-bd71-e564dd69b236.
Testo completoBruel, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à la conception d'un système multi-modèles d'aide à la décision en analyse financière". Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10050.
Testo completoThe necessity of delimiting a financial or and economic situation in a simple clear rapid way without being an expert has led us to define the multimodal financial analyser. In order to facilitate the working out of the diagnosis, this new tool, which is fully integrated with all the office automation software and the great databases, makes it possible to achieve a complete continuous chain. Starting from any common raw data concerning a firm, an economic sector or a group, the chain rapidly and effortlessly results in a synthesis related either to algorithmic methods or heuristic ones
Hugrel, Charlotte. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un outil d'aide a la décision multicritère pour la mise en place de la politique environnementale des collectivités locales". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0078.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to contribute to the achievement of a multicriteria decision aid tool for the stating of local communities environmental policy. The procedure finally proposed allows local communities to identify their goals regarding specific environmental stakes of their own territory along with the stakes related to other territories and future generations. A general characterization of environmental problems is done through the concept of use conflicts. The environment state assessment criteria are based on an analysis of environmental uses. This allows: - to work out the list of locally relevant criteria in close collaboration with the population, - to give intelligible results that make each citizen enable to express his own point of view with full knowledge of the facts on the community environmental priorities. Some elements of the procedure are illustrated with the case of water and air on the area of the urban community of Lyon
Guessoum, Yasmine. "La dynamique de convergence en Méditerranée : un système d'évaluation basé sur l'analyse multicritère". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24004.
Testo completoQuestions regarding to long-term growth and development outlook such as economic policy orientation and reformation programs require a decision-making support system able to take into account multidimensional aspects. Our results show that multicriteria analysis formerly applied to a microeconomic level can also be used at a country scale for macroeconomic estimations. More precisely, a software tool based on Electra methodologies is implemented to evaluate cross-country convergence with respect to predefined profiles (benchmarking process) and to get a snapshot through a comparative approach (rating process)
Solignac, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamique d'un modèle critique dans ses rapports au modèle dominant : enjeux et exigences des ruptures épistémologiques dans la recherche : au sein de la démarche de l'Aide à la Décision Politique (ADP), le modèle critique du Sujet Local entre Théorie et Pratique". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20096.
Testo completoSounny, Slitine Hamza. "Un système à base de règles pour la gestion du dialogue dans les systèmes interactifs : une étape vers l'intégration de l'aide à l'utilisation et à l'évaluation". Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10063.
Testo completoAboud, Talal. "Développement d'un système interactif d'aide à la decision utilisant un raisonnement approximatif : dans le cadre de la problématique de tri". Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090024.
Testo completoAdam, Mickaël. "Génération automatique d'un observateur réalisé par simulation d'un système de production". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDN0001.
Testo completoIn a competitive environment with short-life productsand a growing need for customization, the level of flexibility added to production facilities is a key factor in ensuring business competitiveness. In order to manage such production systems, certain tools helping the decision making process have been gradually coming into sight. These tools, such as the Decision Support Systems (DSS) atthe operational level, follow the same logic of increasing complexity of the system for which they are used. To accomplish their role, DSS need data from the production system in order to know the state of the system and make a proper decision. Due to these increased complexity in today’s systems, the necessary information for the DSS is no longer as easily identified as before. Thus theproblems of implementation and integration of DSS begin to appear. Cardin has proposed the use of the observer to solve the integration problem of DSS, however, this solution suffers of a design complexity problem. These studies try therefore to propose an approach to simplify the process of designing the observer. For this reason, the first chapter presents the context control of production systems addressing control structures, approaches on decision making and DSS. The second chapter focuses on the issue of DSS’s data collection and formalizes different approaches found in literature. The third chapter will review the literature on automatic generation of both; control and simulation. The fourthchapter focuses on the proposed approach for the automatic generation of the observer, first in a generic manner then adapted to conveying systems. The last chapter validates the approach through its performance in an actual utilization case
Besombes, Beatrix. "Un système d'aide à la conduite d'atelier flexible basé réseaux de Pétri colorés". Lyon 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/85/00/89/PDF/1990_Besombes_Beatrix.pdf.
Testo completoBezzazi, Mohammed. "Étude des plans de masse de bâtiments par une approche système interactif d'aide à la décision". Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL12014.
Testo completoLe, Gall Anne. "Un système interactif d'aide à la décision pour l'ordonnancement et le pilotage en temps réel d'atelier". Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30183.
Testo completoForay, Geneviève. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un système d'aide à la formulation de liants hydrauliques pour la stabilisation/solidification de déchets". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0057.
Testo completoThe literature review completed shows that there is a Jack of complete and consistent data on waste I binder interactions. The gathering of those information under a data base format gives an easy access to research history. Data base provides a full answer fitting the technical problem, a set of possible formulations, some drawbacks to be aware of, and a list of references to consult. However, the variety of the context is a barrier towards the next step of this work: development of a knowledge based system on SIS binder formulation. Heuristics have to be derived from a homogenous and consistent set of data, an extensive lab program was therefore developed. This applied part has two targets: understanding the mechanisms involved in S/S of heavy metals for each type of binder and rating their capacity to fix heavy metals. Our experimental procedure relies on two suspension and pure paste. Results confirm whether the pollutant modifies the hydration or not, give access to the extent of 'binder stabilization' without taking into account the solidification part, and enlighten the mechanisms involved. A binder / waste interaction card is drawn associated to an index of stabilization / solidification efficiency. Synthetic forms of heavy metals as well as height commercial binder are selected to illustrate the purpose and validate the methodology. This works provides the basis for the development of a knowledge based expert system. It still has to be implemented with more waste and more binders as each case is specific
Martins, Carolina Lino. "Système d'aide à la décision multicritère orienté Web pour la répartition des ressources des universités publiques brésiliennes". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10065/document.
Testo completoThe allocation of scarce resources is a complex problem, especially when it comes to budget constraints. Thus, this work aims to propose a multicriteria web-based Decision Support System for resource allocation in the context of higher education organizations, more precisely, public universities that have budget constraints, such as Brazilian federal universities. To do so, a Brazilian federal university was chosen as an end-user to make a numerical application to validate the multicriteria model for resource allocation proposed and, afterward, a web-based DSS was developed. For the MCDM resource allocation model, an additive value function was considered to set the percentage of the total budget that every alternative should receive. The problem was seen as a special case of project portfolio selection problem because its approach is deemed to be appropriate for a resource allocation decision context. For the web-based DSS, the analysis was carried out by developing a DSS Database model to store and retrieve data, defining the user’s interface based on his detailed requirement analysis and using a web platform to transform the prototype into a web-based system. The results were achieved. The system provided a clear vision on how the resource allocation procedure works, the entire process became more transparent to the ones that are affected by it, to the decision makers and to the government, enabling them to take safer and reliable decisions, seeking to reduce uncertainties and to maximize their results. The multicriteria web-based DSS presented here could be extended and applied by other federal universities in Brazil or other countries, adapting the alternatives and criteria for each specific internal allocation model and to the DM needs
Miresco, Edmond T. "Conception et réalisation d'un système interactif d'aide à la décision basé sur la connaissance pour la gestion de projets de construction de bâtiments". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090029.
Testo completoBrullot, Sabrina. "Mise en oeuvre de projets territoriaux d'écologie industrielle en France : vers un outil méthodologique d'aide à la décision". Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0003.
Testo completoWaste from some used as resources by others… industrial symbiosis is based on this idea and is the subject of this thesis. Implementation of industrial ecology is in fact not really forthcoming, especially in France, despite potential economic advantages provided by this new way of territorial development that can be considered as a kind of industrial district. Moreover, thanks to industrial symbiosis, local industrial activity development is more sustainable concerning environmental aspects. To promote operational achievement of industrial symbiosis in France and in industrialized countries, this work presents a decision-making methodology whose original feature is to define an implementation strategy according to the specific organizational, economic, social and political context of the chosen territory: STRATIS (STRATegy for Industrial Symbiosis). Thanks to the theory of Proximity, we show that industrial ecology project implementation results from a dynamic process of participants’ coordination. Choice of the most relevant scale of territory, ideal com-position of the project team, these aspects are revealed by the nature of the ways of coordination between actors. These ways of coordination are indeed evolving progressively from a geographical proximity to an organised proximity as the approach continues in time
Guy, Daniel. "La surdetermination des facteurs d'aide a la decision politique et judiciaire. Le cas du juge prud'homme concu comme sujet-local". Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20067.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis deals with the system of the real and contradictory conditions that are placed under (sub-jet) the decision process dynamic - the concept of local-subject. The firts part is a study of the factors in decision help in the context of pratical intervention : political decision help (a. D. P. ) in local development matters, where the principal vector is the text of the expert advisor report, wich is given to the financier at the outcome of the situation study, from where originates the demand for decision help. The principal objective of this part is to establish the anchorage points of our conceptual net work, that is to say : - show the heuristic gain that the local-subject concept represents as opposed to the individual or collective conceptions of the decision. - show that the efficient method of the decision help factors is the relation of "surdetermination" between all the contradictions of a pratical complex system and the text of the expert advisor report
Lecomte, Catherine. "Un système à base de règles d'aide à l'ordonnancement d'un atelier travaillant à la commande". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0319.
Testo completoTorres, Delgado José Fidel. "Un système interactif d'aide à la décision pour la régulation de charges de travail dans les ateliers". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144253.
Testo completoLa, Tela Albert. "Système intéractif d'aide à la décision, S. I. A. D. : analyse statistique dynamique des bases de données". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30087.
Testo completoTaghezout, Noria. "Conception et développement d'un système multi-agent d'aide à la décision pour la gestion de production dynamique". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1471/.
Testo completoAn effective decision making is often based on control information in time. This action aims to capture the current state of the most important information elements updated in different ways. For Decision Support Systems (DSS), the software agents' integration provides an automated, cost-effective means for making decisions. The agents in the system autonomously plan and pursue their actions and sub-goals to cooperate, coordinate, and negotiate with others, and to respond flexibly and intelligently to dynamic and unpredictable situations. In real-time production management, the DSS memorizes the current state-of the workshop. It knows constantly all possible decisions and the possible events involved. We distinguish 3 contexts for the decision-making aid: (1) Decision-making aid in the context of an acceptable sequence; (2) Assistance for the admissibility covering; and (3) negotiation support among different decision-making centers in a dynamic context. The present thesis proposes an agent architecture-based DSS in order to solve some uncertainty problems in dynamic production system scheduling. The proposed DSS gives the decision centers the opportunity to make decisions in a dynamical context. Specifically, Integrated Station of Production agents (ISP) will be equipped with a sufficient behavior to carry out practical operations and simultaneously react to the complex problems caused by the dynamic scheduling in real situations. These agents express their preferences by using ELECTRE III method in order to solve differences. The negotiation mechanism is based on the Contract Net Protocol (CNP). The coordination protocol developed on JADE provides message exchanges between agents and offers them predefined behaviors. The approach is tested through simple scenarios
Daihani, Dadan Umar. "Définition de propositions méthodologiques pour l'intégration des principales fonctions décision dans un système de production". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30037.
Testo completoZieba, Stéphane. "Contribution à la résilience d'un système coopératif Homme-robot par une gestion de l'autonomie ajustable". Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3f74c80f-6c02-4f77-94d1-1a55eea2030f.
Testo completoThese research works concerns the definition of a mode of human-machine interaction placing the human operator and the robot at the same decisional level and its contribution to the resilience of the system by the management of the adjustable autonomy. Resilience is the property of a system to recover or maintain a stable state continuous operation of the system despite the occurrence of disturbances. A definition of autonomy is proposed, which distinguishes semantic aspects (skills, capacities and prescriptions) for three levels of activity (achievement of a task, selection of an alternative, definition of an action plan). The formalism associated with this definition allows modelling the conditions for applying the forms of human-machine cooperation (augmentative, integrative and debative). Work then focus on the modelling of activity levels through the implementation of algorithms of decision making and planning methods based on hierarchical methods. These allow the decomposition of tasks and assigning agents to subtasks according to the criteria of resilience following: efficiency, adaptability, border-line functioning, interactions. The proposed model of cooperative control is assessed by an experimental protocol carried out on a micro-world that has been developed for this purpose. The analysis of results leads to an assessment of the resilience of the proposed solutions for the management of disruptions and their acceptance by the human operator. The proposed model is validated as well as the criteria for resilience that are properly perceived and assessed by the operators
Boubenider, Mohamed Yazid. "Système interactif d'aide à la planification de projets logiciels : une application de la theorie de la decision". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0016.
Testo completoEllouze, Rached. "Système interactif d'aide à la décision en matière d'évaluation d'une entreprise pour la création, l'audit ou l'attribution de crédit". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090069.
Testo completoThe decision support system constitutes an approche fundamental in the matter of design and realization of the computer-based business applications. This new notion permits to resolve the problems of the development and maintenance of the software with the help of a powerful technology of the programming: the dss generator. The softwares issues of this approche represent the product flexible and not fixed named the specific dss and offers it to the end-user in order to make the specific decision. We have been attached in course of this work to use the new approche across a generator caosg for the realization of a specific dss destined to the creator of the enterprise, to the to the controller of the management and to the financial organism