Tesi: "Swine Reproduction"

1

Rhéaume, John. "Manganese nutrition in rat and swine reproduction". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74293.

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Experiments were conducted with littermate gilts maintained in stainless steel metabolism cages within environmentally controlled rooms and consuming a corn-soybean meal based diet. The objectives of these studies were to investigate the impact of different dietary levels of manganese (Mn) and/or stage of the reproductive cycle on mineral metabolism and more specifically Mn metabolism in primigravid gilts and rats. Nutritional status was assessed using conventional balance studies, the analyses of physiological fluids (urine, plasma, colostrum, milk), tissues of the dam and offspring, and by a radioisotope dilution-balance technique. Trace element retention in the first-litter gilt was not significantly altered by dietary Mn restriction (11 $ mu$g/g DM) or by different stages of the reproductive cycle. In contrast, among the macro elements, phosphorus and perhaps calcium retention were improved in late gestation, whereas magnesium and nitrogen retention were unchanged. The weight of the litter at birth from dams consuming the low Mn (LMn) diet was significantly less than high Mn (HMn) gilts (96 $ mu$g/g DM). The Mn concentration in the liver and kidney of HMn gilts were significantly higher than in LMn gilts at the end of lactation. Likewise, the bones from HMn piglets contained higher concentrations of Mn at birth, and the liver and kidney concentrations were greater at weaning. Dietary Mn intake did not influence the rate of $ sp{54}$Mn excretion by the gilt during late gestation. The endogenous fecal Mn component was of similar magnitude, averaging 0.26 and 0.21 mg/d for the HMn and LMn gilts, respectively. However, the endogenous contribution to total fecal Mn was almost 8 fold different, representing 0.12% and 0.82% of total fecal Mn for the HMn and LMn gilts, respectively. The biological half-life of Mn in the body of the gilt was not influenced by dietary Mn within the intake range of 26 to 210 mg/d and averaged 54 days. The turnover rate (TR) of Mn was es

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2

Jolley, David Buck Ditchkoff Stephen S. "Reproduction and herpetofauna depredation of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) at Fort Benning, Georgia". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/JOLLEY_BUCK_59.pdf.

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3

Trudeau, Vance L. "Influence of season and social environment on reproductive processes of the adult Landrace boar". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65367.

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4

Hansen, Christiane. "The presence of follicular fluid in the porcine oviduct and its contribution to the acrosome reaction /". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61855.

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5

Barahona, Roberto G. Suazo. "Intrauterine position in pigs: effects on conceptus development and fetal fluids steroid content". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43288.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine position and its possibly resultant steroid differential on conceptus growth and steroid content in allantoic and amniotic fluid of pigs. six conceptus variables (placental weight, placental length, fetal weight, fetal length, allantoic fluid volume and amniotic fluid volume) and seven steroids (progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, estrone and estrone sulfate) were evaluated. Four fetal positions were studied: females between females (f2F), females between males (fOF) , males between females (m2F) and males between males (mOF). Fetuses examined from ovariectomized (OVX) pregnenolone (PS)-treated gilts showed differences in placental weight, allantoic fluid estrone and androstenedione content and amniotic fluid androstenedione content as a result of intrauterine position. Fetuses from OVX gilts treated with either medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) I or progesterone (P4) showed differences in placental length due to intrauterine position. Allantoic and amniotic fluid content of any of the steroids studied from OVX MPA- and P4-treated gilts was not altered as a result of intrauterine position. Intrauterine position appears to have a definite influence on conceptus development and possibly on steroid content. However, discrepancies' of results among trials possibly as a result of differences in type and amount of exogenous precursor enable us to draw stronger conclusions on the intrauterine position effect.
Master of Science

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6

Jeantet, Meriella Anita. "In vitro progesterone and estrone synthesis by the porcine placenta and endometrium at 30, 60 and 90 days of gestation". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91126.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present studies were conducted to gain a better understanding of the effects of pregnenolone (P₅), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 3' 5', cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP) on porcine placental and endometrial production of progesterone (P₄), testosterone (T) and estrone (E₁) at 30, 60 and 90 days of gestation. Duplicate 300 mg samples of placenta, endometrium or both (co-incubation) were incubated in medium199 containing either no P₅, P₅, P₅ + hCG or P₅ + cAMP for either zero (control), .5, 1 or 2 h. The first study compared P₄ and E₁ production with or without addition of P₅. At d 30, 60 and 90, respectively, P₄ production (ng/g) increased significantly in the presence (vs absence) of P₅ in the incubation medium of placental (13.2 vs 7.5, 73.9 vs 42.7, 137.4 vs 113.5, respectively) coincubation (14.5 vs 10.0, 33.6 vs 22.3, 77.9 vs 49.4, respectively) and endometrial (16.0 vs 13.3, 23.0 vs 16.0, 17.1 vs 6.7, respectively) tissue. Presence of P₅ increased E₁ production in d 60 (1.3 vs .7 ng/g) and d 90 (51.7 vs 34.6 ng/g) placental tissue and d 90 endometrial tissue (9.8 vs 8.0 ng/g). In a second study, P₅ + cAMP increased (vs P₅ alone) P₄ in placental tissue at d 30 (11.6 vs 8.7 ng/g) and coincubation tissue at d 90 (103.7 vs 75.3 ng/g). Cyclic AMP stimulated increased P₄ synthesis ( vs P₅ alone), throughout the incubation period in d 60 and d 90 tissue. E₁ production by endometrial tissue at d 30 (4.1 vs 2.9 ng/g), and placental tissue at d 60 ( 1. 2 vs . 9 ng/g). Presence of hCG in the incubation medium had no overall effect on either P₄ or E₁ accumulation. Only trace amounts of T were detected in either study, suggesting rapid aromatization of C₁₉ steroids to estrogens.
M.S.

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7

Cassidy, Carrie. "Further evidence that prostaglandin F2-alpha is the obligatory eicosanoid in porcine ovulation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/MQ44139.pdf.

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8

Jiwakanon, Jatesada. "The porcine endosalpinx at different reproductive stages : morphology, immune cell infiltration and cytokine expression /". Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200912.pdf.

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9

Behan, John. "The utilisation of artificial insemination in swine at reduced sperm cell concentration, and the subsequent effect upon fertility and fecundity". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618281.

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10

Bailekae, Masenya Matshidiso. "Development of cryopreservation strategies for improved reproductive competence in South Africa pig genotypes". Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/145.

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Thesis (M. Tech. Agriculture) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2012
Frozen-thawed boar sperm has the potential to impact the future of the swine industry. The objectives of the study were to characterise semen of Kolbroek and Large White boars, find a suitable holding temperature and extender, determine the effect of breed and pregnancy rate following artificial insemination by frozen-thawed boar semen. A total of eight boars and 33 sows were used in this study. The 120 ejaculates were collected from each individual Kolbroek and Large White boars with the gloved-hand technique. Macroscopic and microscopic sperm characteristics were recorded. The bodyweight of Kolbroek (154.7 kg) was significantly lower compared to Large White (189.9 kg) boar. However, no significant differences were observed in Kolbroek and Large White boar semen volume (140 and 170 ml), sperm concentration (0.727 and 0.761 x 109 sperm/ml), and total sperm motility (95 and 91%). A positive correlation existed between bodyweight and semen volume of Kolbroek (r= 0.22) and Large White (r= 0.26). Conversely, the bodyweight of Large White was positively correlated to sperm concentration of Large White (r= 0.37) but negatively correlated to Kolbroek (r= -0.66). Storage time and temperature did not affect Large White boar sperm motility rate. However, Kolbroek sperm total motility rate (61.0%) was affected at 25°C after 24 hours. The highest total sperm motility rate was observed for semen diluted with Tris-based extender (74.1%) in Kolbroek boars at 48 hours of storage. Large White boar semen diluted with BTS (62.9%), Kobidil+ (69.3%) and Tris (65.1%) showed significantly higher sperm motility rate at 48 hours of storage, compared to Citrate (27.6%) extender. Cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility rate for Kolbroek (30.2%) and Large White (24.0%) boars. However, a high pregnancy rate was recorded in both sows of inseminated with raw diluted (100% vs. 81.3%) and frozen-thawed (50% vs. 50%) semen of Kolbroek and Large White boars. In conclusion, the bodyweight of Kolbroek and Large White boar was positively correlated with ejaculated semen volume. Kolbroek and Large White boar sperm stored at 18°C for 24 hours maintained the acceptable sperm motility rate. Kolbroek boar semen diluted with Tris-based extender maintained high sperm motility rate. Cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility rate regardless of breed; however, pregnancy rate from frozen-thawed semen was high for Kolbroek (50%) and Large White (50%) even though the frozen-thawed fertility was low.

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11

Cote, Fabienne. "Induction of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 in the follicles of equine chorionic gonadotropinhuman chorionic gonadotropin treated prepubertal gilts". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33741.

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Prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) is a key rate limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthetic pathway, and PG synthesis is required for ovulation in pigs. The objective of this study was to characterize the expression and regulation of PGHS-2 in porcine follicles prior to ovulation. The combination of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 750 IU) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 500 IU) 72 h later was used to induce ovulation in prepubertal gilts. Previous studies have shown that ovulation is generally induced between 40 and 44 h post-hCG in this model. Ovariectomies were performed at 0, 24, 30, 34 and 38 h post-hCG (n = 4 or 5 animals per time-point), and all follicles larger than 4 mm in diameter were isolated. The regulation of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses, whereas the regulation of PGHS-2 mRNA was studied by Northern blot. PG production was assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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12

Hadjisavas, Michael. "Induction of mitogenesis and cell-cell adhesion by porcine seminal plasma". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh1293.pdf.

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Includes list of publications by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-123) Evaluates the nature of the interactions occurring between semen and cells of the uterus that occur following mating in pigs. Describes a novel ability of porcine seminal plasma to induce dose dependent cell-cell adhesion and mitogenesis amongst peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.

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13

Mootoo, Judy E. (Judy Elizabeth). "Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the porcine ovulatory process". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22779.

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It is widely accepted that prostaglandins (PGs), produced via the cyclooxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid, are essential to the ovulatory process in the pig. In support of this, ovulation is preceded by an increase in follicular fluid (FF) PG concentration, indomethacin (INDO) suppresses both the PG increase and ovulation, and ovulation can be restored by administration of exogenous PGs (Downey and Ainsworth, 1980; Prostaglandins 19: 17-22). Recent studies in the rat have shown that ovulation is also preceded by a rise in ovarian concentrations of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), a product of the lipoxygenase pathway (Tanaka et al., 1989; Endocrinology 15: 1373-1377) and inhibition of this pathway suppresses ovulation (Reich et al., 1983; Prostaglandins 26: 1011-1020). Furthermore, INDO, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, inhibits 15-lipoxygenase as well as PG synthesis (Tanaka et al., 1989 Endocrinology 15: 1373-1377). The PMSG/hCG prepuberal gilt model was used to investigate the involvement of 15-HETE in the procine ovulatory process, and the effect of INDO on the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. Follicular fluid concentrations of 15-HETE were elevated 40 h post hCG (p $<$ 0.01). The effects of INDO and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an inhibitor of lipoxygenase activity, on ovulation rate, FF 15-HETE and FF PGF$ rm sb{2a}$ were investigated by intraovarian administration of INDO or NDGA. INDO inhibited ovulation rate (p $<$ 0.01) and PGF$ rm sb{2a}$ (p $<$ 0.01) as well as 15-HETE (p $<$ 0.01). NDGA also suppressed ovulation rate (p $<$ 0.01) but did not inhibit 15-HETE or PGF$ rm sb{2a}$ production. In in vitro experiments, 15-HETE production by both granulosa cell (GC) and theca interna cell (TIC) cultures 40 h post hCG was greater (p $<$ 0.01) than at 0 h post hCG. INDO inhibited 15-HETE production in 40 h post hCG TIC cultures (p $<$ 0.01) but not GC cultures, while NDGA inhibited 15-HETE production by both cell types (p $<$ 0.01). These results sugges

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14

Grant, Gerald F. "The association between prostaglandins and the plasminogen activator/plasmin system in the porcine ovulatory process /". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69759.

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The objectives were: (1) to determine the pre-ovulatory changes in plasminogen activator (PA) and (PA) inhibitor (PAI) activities in the porcine follicle, and, (2) to determine if changes in the PA/plasmin system associated with ovulation were prostaglandin (PG)-dependent. PA activity (change in absorbance/h/mg wet tissue weight, three gilts per treatment group) was elevated in both granulosa cells (GC) and theca interna cells (TIC) prior to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (0.582 $ pm$ 0.171 and 0.718 $ pm$ 0.221, respectively) but returned to basal levels in these two compartments (0.023 $ pm$ 0.013 and 0.052 $ pm$ 0.024, respectively) at 29 h post-hCG. PA activity remained basal thereafter in GC but increased approximately ten-fold in the TIC (0.549 $ pm$ 0.239) at the time of ovulation (three gilts at 41 h and one of three gilts at 38 h). PAI activity did not change in TIC over the pre-ovulatory period but increased in GC as ovulation approached. PAI activity in GC peaked at 38 h (being significantly different (p $<$ 0.05) to all other times except 41 h). Although indomethacin (INDO) effectively inhibited both PG synthesis (1.1 $ pm$ 0.2 vs. 9.2 $ pm$ 0.9 ng/ml in controls) and ovulation (0 vs. 27-61% in controls), elevated PA activity (0.801 and 0.349) was detected in the TIC of two out of nine INDO-treated gilts. Levels were basal (0.074 $ pm$ 0.028) in the other gilts. These inconclusive results are believed to reflect the occurrence of ovulation earlier than predicted, in as many as 40% of control gilts, and the short duration of increased PA activity at this time. In conclusion, elevated PA activity, in GC and TIC prior to ovulation induction, may play a role in follicular development. Elevated TIC PA activity may play an important role in the ovulatory process, but is probably PG-independent.

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15

Kwan, Ivy. "The effect of ACTH and steroidal antiinflammatory agents on prostaglandin F2a levels in vivo and in vitro using a spontaneously established porcine granulosa cell line /". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61233.

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In vivo experiments were conducted to determine if elevated plasma glucocorticoid concentrations would suppress intrafollicular prostaglandin F2$ alpha$ (PGF2$ alpha$) synthesis and, thereby, inhibit ovulation in the pig. Following ACTH administration, PGF2$ alpha$ concentrations in FF tended to be lower than in controls. Injections of betamethasone partially suppressed the preovulatory rise of PGF2$ alpha$ in FF at 40h, although the effect was less marked than that produced by indomethacin. While no ovulations occurred in the indomethacin-treated group at any time, betamethasone resulted in a lower number of ovulated follicles at 44h than in the control animals. Progesterone concentrations were unaffected by the treatments.
In vitro studies were conducted with a spontaneously established cell line developed through continuous culturing of primary granulosa cells collected from prepuberal gilts six hours after they had received PMSG. Characterization of these cells revealed that aromatase and steroidogenesis were functional but gonadotropin receptors were not present. When extracellular PGF2$ alpha$ levels were measured, dexamethasone was able to significantly suppress PGF$ sb{2 alpha}$ concentrations, but not as effectively as with indomethacin. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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16

Harper, Allen F. "An assessment of the effects of dietary folic acid supplementation on serum folates status, conceptus development and reproductive performance in gilts and sows". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39434.

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The effects of dietary folic acid supplementation on serum folate status, conceptus development and reproductive performance in gilts and sows was investigated in a series of experiments. The specific objectives of the study were to: 1) to study the serum folates profile following rapid consumption of a single meal containing different levels of supplemental folic acid; 2) to study the effects of maternal folic acid supplementation on conceptus survival, growth and development prior to mid-gestation in gilts and sows; and 3) to study the effects of multiple levels of dietary folic acid supplementation on sow reproductive performance over four successive parities. In the first experiment (Chapter III), gilts fed a single, rapidly consumed meal, had a rapid increase in serum folates concentration during the first hour postprandial. Within eight hours after feeding, serum folates in the gilts had returned to near prefeeding levels. The results also suggest that supplementing the diet with increasing levels of folic acid over a range of 0 to 4 ppm results in more rapid postprandial uptake and elimination of folic acid from general circulation. In the second experiment (Chapter IV), supplementing the diet of first parity and third parity breeding sows with 2 ppm folic acid had no effect on litter size at day 45 of gestation. However, several measurements associated with placental and fetal growth were increased with folic acid supplementation. Results of a fifth parity trial with four levels of supplemental folic acid were variable and inconclusive. The implications of increased placental and fetal growth up to day 45 of gestation in the first and third parity sows is discussed. In the third experiment (Chapter V), a decline in serum folate concentration in pregnant sows from mating to mid- to late gestation was clearly demonstrated. Supplementing the sow's diet with folic acid over a range of 0 to 4 ppm resulted in a linear increase in serum folate concentration at mating, during gestation and at weaning. However, under the conditions of this experiment, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on sow reproductive performance.
Ph. D.

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17

Faillace, Lawrence S. "Porcine intrauterine steroidogenesis: luteal vs. intrauterine progesterone as a mediator of prenatal survival, conceptus development and in vitro steroid production by the placenta and endometrium". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54522.

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This investigation is a series of four experiments that examine the role of intrauterine steroidogenesis in the pregnant gilt. In chapter 3, ovariectomy (OVX) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment at two stages of gestation (d19-29 or d59-69) resulted in maintained pregnancy, normal fetal survival rates, normal conceptus development, and typical plasma estrogens when compared to intact, control gilts. In chapter 4, intrauterine steroid synthesis was quantitated by incubating placenta (PLAC) and endometrium (ENDO) from the control and MPA-treated gilts of chapter 1. Placental P₄, estrone (E₁), and estrone sulfate (E₁SO₄) concentrations were significantly higher than ENDO. Progesterone (P₄) production increased between d30 and 70 of pregnancy while E₁ and E₁SO₄ decreased. The addition of pregnenolone (P₅) to the incubation medium enhanced P₄ but not E₁ or E₁SO₄ release. MPA-treatment had no effect on in vitro steroid production. In chapter 5, OVX gilts from 9 stages of gestation (d20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 55, 60, 80 and 90) were administered P₅ until undergoing hysterectomy (10d after OVX). Only 1 of 10 gilts OVX on d20 or 25 was able to maintain pregnancy for the entire treatment period. The pregnancy rate was variable (67-100%) for gilts OVX between d30-45 of gestation and 100% for gilts OVX subsequent to d45. All measures of whole litter survival and conceptus development for gilts that maintained pregnancy were equivalent to those expected under ovarian-intact, untreated conditions. Plasma steroid levels were relatively normal but allantoic P₄ failed to increase late in gestation. In chapter 6, in vitro steroid synthesis by PLAC and ENDO from gilts treated in chapter 5 was evaluated. Placental P₄ production increased as gestation progressed while ENDO P₄ production was low throughout. The addition of P₅ to the incubation medium resulted in increased P₄ synthesis for both tissues at most stages of gestation. Extending the incubation period also resulted in increased P₄ production at several stages of pregnancy. In vitro estrogen production increased markedly as gestation progressed past d65. The addition of P₅ and extended incubation time enhanced E₁ but not E₁SO₄ synthesis. Overall, data indicate that the PLAC and ENDO have a large capacity for steroid synthesis and estrogen synthesis can occur de novo in the absence of ovarian precursors.
Ph. D.

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18

Costi, Giancarlo [UNESP]. "Desempenho reprodutivo de fêmeas suínas submetidas à intervenção manual ao parto em granja comercial localizada no município de Rio Verde, GO". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143464.

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Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar as características de partos submetidos à intervenção manual e avaliar os efeitos dessa intervenção na taxa de remoção e no desempenho reprodutivo subsequente. Dados de 5.257 partos foram divididos em grupo Controle (n=1.433) e Intervenção (n=3.824). O critério para a intervenção manual nas fêmeas de ordem de parto 1 (OP1) foi determinado pela distocia, enquanto nas demais ordens de parto (OP), somente quando o intervalo entre o nascimento dos leitões foi maior que 10 minutos. Nas fêmeas de OP1, o percentual de partos submetidos à intervenção manual foi de 7,6%. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) na ocorrência de intervenções de acordo com as classes de tamanho de leitegada (<12, 12-15 e >15 leitões). A proporção de intervenção manual foi maior (P<0,05) no 2º trimestre e menor (P<0,05) no 4º trimestre. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) no 1º e 3º trimestres. A proporção de OP1 do grupo intervenção foi maior para partos com ao menos 1 natimorto (P<0,001), na taxa de natimortos (P<0,001) e na taxa de mumificados (P<0,05). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para nascidos totais (NT) e nascidos vivos (NV). A taxa de remoção foi maior (P<0,001) para o grupo intervenção. A remoção não reprodutiva foi maior (P<0,05) para o grupo intervenção; enquanto a remoção reprodutiva, para o grupo controle (P<0,05). No desempenho reprodutivo subsequente, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para o intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), taxa de retorno ao estro (TRE), taxa de abortamento (TA), taxa de parto (TP), taxa de parto ajustada (TPA), NT, NV, natimortos (NM) e mumificados (MM). Nas fêmeas de ordem de parto maior que 1 (OP>1), a OP2 teve o menor percentual (P<0,001) de intervenção, enquanto a OP6-10, o maior (P<0,001). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para as fêmeas OP3-5. Na classe de tamanho de leitegada, o grupo controle apresentou um maior percentual (P<0,05) de fêmeas na categoria <12 leitões, enquanto nas leitegadas >15 o grupo intervenção resultou em um maior percentual (P<0,05) de fêmeas. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para a categoria 12-15 leitões. Quanto à classe período do ano, a proporção de fêmeas do grupo controle foi maior (P<0,001) no 1º trimestre e do grupo intervenção no 3º trimestre (P<0,001). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) no 2º e 4º trimestres. Nas fêmeas de OP>1, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos no percentual de fêmeas com pelo menos 1 natimorto. As fêmeas com intervenção apresentaram maior média de OP (P<0,001), NT (P<0,05) e NV (P<0,05). Não foi observada diferença (P>0,05) para NM, MM, taxa de remoção, taxa de remoção reprodutiva e taxa de remoção não reprodutiva. Houve diferença (P<0,001) na OP média das fêmeas removidas. No desempenho reprodutivo subsequente das fêmeas de OP>1, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos para as variáveis IDE, TRE, TA, TP, TPA, NT, NV e MM. Foi encontrada diferença apenas nos NM (P<0,05) e média de OP (P<0,001).
The aim of this study were to determine the characteristics of farrowing submitted to manual intervention and evaluate the effects of this intervention on the removal rate and the subsequent reproductive performance. Data from 5,257 farrowing were divided into control group (n=1,433) and intervention group (n=3,824). The criterion for manual intervention in sows on the parity order 1 (PO1) was determined by dystocia while in the other parity orders, (PO) when the interval between the birth of the piglets was higher than 10 minutes. In sows of PO1, the percentage of farrowing submitted to manual intervention was 7.6%. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the event of interventions according to litter size classes (<12, 12-15 and >15 piglets). The proportion of manual intervention was higher (P<0.05) in 2nd quarter and lower (P<0.05) in 4th quarter. There was no difference (P>0.05) on the 1st and 3rd quarters. The proportion of PO1 in the intervention group was higher for farrowing to at least one stillborn (P<0.001), stillborns rate (P<0.001) and mummified rate (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) for total born (TB) and born alive (BA). The removal rate was higher (P<0.001) for the intervention group. The non-reproductive removal rate was higher (P<0.05) in the intervention group while reproductive removal rate, for the control group (P<0.05). In the subsequent reproductive performance, there was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for weaning to estrus interval (WEI), return to estrus rate (RER), abortion rate (AR), farrowing rate (FR), adjusted farrowing rate (AFR), TB, BA, stillborns (SB) and mummified (MM). In PO sows greater than 1 (PO>1), PO2 had the lowest percentage (P<0.001) while the intervention PO6-10, the greatest (P<0.001). There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for sows in the OP3-5. In litter size class, the control group had a higher percentage (P<0.05) of sows in the category <12 piglets while in litters >15 intervention group resulted in a higher percentage (P<0.05) of sows. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for the category 12-15 piglets. As the class, period of the year, the proportion of sows in the control group was higher (P<0.001) in the 1st quarter and the intervention group in 3rd quarter (P<0.001). There was no difference (P>0.05) on the 2nd and 4th quarters. In sows PO>1, there was no difference (P>0.05) between the groups in the percentage of sows with at least one stillborn. Sows with intervention had higher average of PO (P<0.001), TB (P<0.05) and BA (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) in SB, MM, removal rate, reproductive removal rate and non-reproductive removal rate. There were differences (P<0.001) in the PO average of removed females. In the subsequent reproductive performance of PO>1 sows, there was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for variables, WEI, RER, AR, FR, AFR, TB, BA and MM. A difference was found only in SB (P<0.05) and PO mean (P<0.001).

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Tarraf, Charbel G. "Effects of intrauterine dynamics on steroidogenesis and conceptus development in the porcine". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40191.

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20

Kim, Yoo Yong. "Selenium metabolism and toxicity of inorganic and organic Selenium sources and levels on growth, reproduction and other mineral nutrients in Swine". Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228150866.

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21

Simões, Vasco Jorge Gaspar. "Variations in the vulvar temperature of sows as determined by infrared thermography and its relation to ovulation". Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4822.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
The productive results of a pig’s herd are closely related to the reproductive performance of their animals. Although in the last years several techniques were implemented to improve the reproductive efficiency of pig production, such as artificial insemination (AI) and estrus synchronization, the prediction of ovulation continues to be made with some degree of uncertainty due to the lack of an accurate, practical and fast technique. In this experimental study, we tested the applicability of infrared thermography (IRT) for ovulation prediction, based on the variations observed in the vulvar skin temperature (VST) during the proestrus and estrus period. The group tested was composed by 36 crossbred Large White x Landrace females, of which 6 gilts and 30 multiparous sows. Estrus detection was performed twice daily in the morning and afternoon, starting one day after weaning (day 1). Temperature measurements were performed every 6 hours at 0000h, 0600h, 1200h and 1800h, from day 1 to day 7. Temperature was obtained from the vulvar area and from two marked spots in the gluteal area (GST), which worked as a control. A third variable (VGT) was obtained from the differential temperature between VST and GST. Ovary ultrasonography was performed in days 5 and 6, in order to detect ovulation; however, the exams were inconclusive and so a theoretical diagnosis of ovulation had to be established based on the weaning-to-estrus interval and the duration of estrus. The statistical analysis focused mainly in the VGT of two sub-groups of animals, starting estrus at days 4 and 5. The VGT increased progressively during the proestrus (p = 0.003 and p=0.017), reaching a peak 61 ± 10.8 h and 82 ± 6.6 h before expected time of ovulation (eOv) in group D4 and D5, respectively. After this point, it decreased significantly (p = 0.002), reaching a lowest point 25 ± 10.8 h and 28 ± 6.6 h before eOv. Although the occurrence of ovulation could not be determined but only estimated, we believe the variations found in the VGT reflect the variations in the estradiol blood levels that will, indirectly, lead to the occurrence of ovulation. Even if no statistical relationship between vulvar temperature and ovulation could be established, the results suggest that these temperature variations may be indirectly related to the occurrence of ovulation.
RESUMO - VARIAÇÕES NA TEMPERATURA VULVAR EM PORCAS DETERMINADAS POR TERMOGRAFIA DE INFRAVERMELHOS E A SUA RELAÇÃO COM OVULAÇÃO - Os resultados produtivos de uma exploração de suínos estão intimamente relacionados com o desempenho reprodutivo dos seus animais. Apesar de nos últimos anos várias técnicas terem sido implementadas com vista a melhorar a eficiência deste sector, como inseminação artificial e sincronização do estro, prever a ocorrência de ovulação continua a envolver um certo grau de incerteza, dada a inexistência de uma técnica precisa, prática e rápida. Neste estudo experimental foi testada a aplicabilidade da termografia de infravermelhos (IRT) para predição da ovulação, tendo por base as variações de temperatura registadas ao nível da região vulvar (VST) ao longo do pró-estro e estro. O grupo-teste era composto por 36 porcas cruzadas Large White x Landrace, das quais 6 eram marrãs e 30 porcas multíparas. A detecção do estro iniciou-se 1 dia após o desmame (dia 1), sendo realizada duas vezes por dia, de manhã e à tarde. As medições de temperatura foram realizadas a intervalos de 6 horas, às 0000h, 0600h, 1200h e 1800h, entre o dia 1 e dia 7. Foi avaliada a temperatura vulvar e de 2 pontos marcados na região gluteal (GST) que desempenharam o papel de controlos. Uma terceira variável (VGT) foi obtida a partir do diferencial de temperatura entre a VST e GST. Com vista a detectar a ovulação, foram realizadas ecografias aos ovários durante os dias 5 e 6; no entanto, os resultados foram inconclusivos, pelo que a ocorrência de ovulação foi estimada a partir do intervalo desmame-estro e duração do estro. A análise estatística centrou-se sobretudo na variável VGT de dois sub-grupos, compreendendo animais com início de estro no dia 4 e dia 5. A VGT aumentou durante o pró-estro (p=0.003 e p=0.017 para os grupos D4 e D5), atingindo um pico 61 ± 10.8 h and 82 ± 6.6 h antes da ocorrência estimada de ovulação (eOv). De seguida, diminuiu significativamente (p=0.002), atingindo um valor mínimo 25 ± 10.8 h e 28 ± 6.6 h antes da ocorrência estimada da ovulação. Ainda que a ovulação não possa ter sido determinada com rigor, entendemos que as variações observadas na VGT reflectem as variações nos níveis sanguíneos de estradiol que, indirectamente, vão levar à ovulação. Assim, apesar não ter sido demonstrada uma relação inequívoca, os nossos resultados apontam para uma possível relação indirecta entre as variações de temperatura vulvar e a ovulação.

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Werlang, Rafael Faraco. "Efeitos da cobertura no segundo estro ou após tratamento hormonal com altrenogest pós desmame no desempenho reprodutivo subsequente de primíparas suínas". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29548.

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É relatado que em um alto percentual de granjas comerciais há uma queda de produtividade no segundo parto com relação ao primeiro, conhecida como a síndrome do segundo parto. Com o objetivo de analisar alternativas para aumentar o desempenho reprodutivo de secundíparas, um total de 663 primíparas foram desmamadas em média com três semanas de lactação e divididas em três tratamentos: T1, primíparas cobertas no primeiro estro após o desmame; T2, primíparas cobertas no segundo estro após o desmame; e T3, primíparas submetidas à hormonioterapia com altrenogest por cinco dias após o desmame e cobertas no primeiro estro após a retirada do produto. As fêmeas foram alocadas nos tratamentos conforme linhagem genética, leitões nascidos totais, leitões desmamados, escore corporal visual e duração da lactação anterior. Primíparas do T1 e T3 perderam peso no intervalo desmame e cobertura (4,5 e 2,0%, respectivamente), havendo ganho de peso nas primíparas do T2 (1,3%), sendo as perdas de peso diferentes entre os tratamentos (P<0,05). As primíparas do T1 e T2 apresentaram maior porcentagem de fêmeas em estro até 10 dias após o desmame ou retirada do altrenogest (94,1 e 95,0%, respectivamente) do que o T3 (86,4%, P<0,05). O intervalo desmame-estro foi semelhante entre T1 e T2, sendo maior que o intervalo retirada do altrenogest-estro do T3 (P<0,05). A taxa de parto e a taxa de parto ajustada foram mais altas (P<0,05) no T2 (94,3 e 95,7%) seguida pelo T1 (87,0 e 88,0%) e T3 (69,1 e 69,1%). O número de leitões nascidos totais e vivos foram maiores (P<0,05) no T2 (13,5 ± 0,2 e 12,7 ± 0,2), seguido pelo T1 (11,0 ± 0,2 e 10,4 ± 0,2) e T3 (9,8 ± 0,3 e 9,3 ± 0,3). Houve recuperação corporal e bons resultados reprodutivos das fêmeas cobertas no segundo estro quando fornecida uma quantidade de ração padronizada no IDCOB (4.0 kg/dia), além de ser uma técnica viável na prática, como evidenciado pelo alto percentual de fêmeas retornando à ciclicidade. Parece que para que haja um bom desempenho em primíparas tratadas com altrenogest é necessário um tratamento mais prolongado (12 a 18 dias). A perda de peso devido ao catabolismo lactacional persiste após o desmame como demonstrado pela perda de peso do grupo controle e do tratado com altrenogest no período entre o desmame e a cobertura.
In a high percentage of commercial farms, it is reported that productivity decreases during the second farrowing compared to the first, known as the second litter syndrome. In order to compare commonly used management in farms (breeding at the first estrus post-weaning) with breeding at the second estrus (“skip a heat”) or after the utilization of a progestagen analogue (altrenogest) post-weaning, a total of 663 primiparous were weaned on average at three weeks of lactation and divided into three treatments: T1, breeding at the first estrus post-weaning; T2, breeding at the second estrus post-weaning; and T3, primiparous treated with altrenogest five days after weaning and breeding at the first estrus after altrenogest withdrawal. Sows were allocated according to the genetic line, total born, weaned piglets, visual body condition score and previous lactation length. The percentage of weight loss between weaning and insemination was different among treatment groups (P<0.05), considering that T1 and T3 primiparous lost weight. T1 and T2 had greater percentage of females showing estrus within 10 days after weaning/altrenogest withdrawal (94.1 and 95.0% respectively) than T3 (86.4%, P<0.05). The altrenogest withdrawal to insemination interval was smaller than T1 and T2 weaning to estrus interval (P<0.05). Farrowing rate and adjusted farrowing rate were higher (P<0,05) in T2 (94,3 and 95,7%) followed by T1 (87,0 and 88,0%) and T3 (69,1 and 69,1%). The number of total piglets born and alive were higher in T2 (13,5 ± 0,2 and 12,7 ± 0,2), followed by T1 (11,0 ± 0,2 and 10,4 ± 0,2) and T3 (9,8 ± 0.3 and 9,3 ± 0,3). There were body recovery and better reproductive performance in females breed at second estrus, besides being a viable technique in practice, as evidenced by high percentage of females showing second estrus. It appears that for a better performance in primiparous treated with altrenogest is necessary longer (12 to 18 days) period of treatment than five days. The weight loss due lactational catabolism persists after weaning as demonstrated by control and altrenogest treated group weight loss between weaning and insemination.

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Ulguim, Rafael da Rosa. "Inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em leitoas e porcas desmamadas com o uso de hormonio luteinizante suíno através de diferentes vias de aplicação". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108163.

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A redução do número de doses inseminantes por fêmea coberta utilizando protocolos de uma única inseminação em tempo fixo (IATF) permitem reduzir o número de células espermáticas por fêmea coberta e otimizar os programas de inseminação artificial (IA). Considerando a grande variabilidade no intervalo entre o início do estro e a ovulação, os protocolos de IATF exigem hormonios para a sincronização da ovulação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes dosagens de hormônio luteinizante suíno (pLH) aplicado no início do estro em leitoas e porcas, através de diferentes vias de aplicação, para sincronização da ovulação e definição de um protocolo de IATF. O primeiro estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes dosagens de pLH aplicado em leitoas no início do estro por via intramuscular (i.m.), sobre o intervalo início estro e a ovulação. Desta forma foram realizados três tratamentos: controle - sem aplicação de pLH no início do estro; pLH2,5 - uso de 2,5 mg de pLH no início do estro via i.m.; pLH5 - uso de 5 mg de pLH no início do estro via i.m. Não foram observadas diferenças no intervalo início do estro e a ovulação (IOEO) entre os diferentes tratamentos (P>0,05). De forma semelhante a distribuição de frequência do IOEO não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Em um segundo estudo, foi avaliado uma rota alternativa de aplicação de pLH e a performance reprodutiva de leitoas submetidas a uma única IATF. Assim, os seguintes tratamentos foram realizados: Controle - sem aplicação de hormônio no inicio do estro e realização de protocolos de múltiplas IAs; VS2.5FTAI - uso de 2,5 mg de pLH aplicado no início do estro via submucosa vulvar (v.s.) e realização de uma única IATF 16 h após; IM5FTAI - uso de 5 mg de pLH aplicado no inicio do estro via i.m. e realização de uma única IATF 16 h após. Em média foram observadas diferenças no IOEO entre os tratamentos (P<0,05) e maior frequência de leitoas ovuladas até 24 h após o inicio do estro no grupo VS2.5FTAI em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,05). A taxa de parto ajustada (AFR) não diferiu entre tratamentos (P>0,05), porém o total de leitões nascidos (TPB) foi menor no grupo VS2.5FTAI em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,05). Com objetivo de ajustar o protocolo de IATF em leitoas para uma melhor aplicabilidade prática na rotina das granjas e avaliar o uso do pLH via v.s. em porcas desmamadas, o terceiro estudo foi conduzido através de dois experimentos. Nas leitoas foram realizados dois tratamentos: controle-G - sem uso de pLH no início do estro e realização de múltiplas inseminações ao longo do estro; FTAI-G - aplicação de 2,5 mg de pLH via v.s. no início do estro e realização de uma única IATF 12 h após. O IOEO foi menor nas leitoas do grupo FTAI-G comparado ao controle-G (P<0,05), no entanto a distribuição de frequência do IOEO não foi diferente entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). A AFR foi menor para o grupo FTAI-G quando comprado ao controle-G (P<0,05). Diferenças no TPB não foram observadas entre tratamentos (P>0,05). Nas porcas desmamadas, foram realizados três tratamentos: Controle-S - sem aplicação de pLH no início do estro e realização de múltiplas inseminações; FTAI-NH - sem aplicação de pLH no início do estro e realização de uma única inseminação 24 h após; FTAI-pLH - uso de 2,5 mg de pLH no início do estro via v.s. e realização de uma única inseminação 24 h após. Os resultados deste estudo não asseguraram diferença quanto a AFR e TPB entre os distintos tratamentos (P>0,05).
The reduction in the number of semen doses used per sow served through of a single fixed-time insemination (FTAI) allows sperm cell reduction per sow served, optimising the artificial insemination (AI) programs. Considering the large variability in the interval between oestrus onset and ovulation the ovulation time, the FTAI protocols require hormones to synchronise ovulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different dosages of porcine luteinising hormone (pLH) given at oestrous onset in gilts and sows through different routes of application to synchronise the ovulation and to define a protocol of FTAI. The first study evaluated the effect of different dosages of pLH applied at oestrous onset by intramuscular route (i.m.) in gilts on interval between oestrus onset to ovulation. In this way three treatments were performed: control - without pLH application at oestrous onset; pLH2.5 - use of 2.5 mg of pLH given at oestrous onset by i.m. route; pLH5 - use of 5 mg of pLH given at oestrus onset by i.m. route. Differences in the interval onset of oestrus to ovulation (IOEO) among treatments (P>0.05) were not observed. Similarly the frequency distribution of IOEO did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). In a second study, was evaluated an alternative route of pLH application and the reproductive performance of gilts submitted to a single FTAI. Thus, the following treatments were performed: control – without pLH application at oestrous onset and use of multiple AI; VS2.5FTAI – use of 2.5 mg of pLH injected at oestrus onset by vulvar submucosal route (v.s) and use of a single FTAI 16 h later; IM5FTAI – use of 5 mg of pLH injected at oestrous onset by i.m. and use of a single FTAI 16 h later. On average differences in the IOEO among treatments (P<0.05) were observed and more VS2.5FTAI gilts ovulated up to 24 h after oestrous onset in relation to control (P<0.05). Adjusted farrowing rate (AFR) did not differ among treatments (P>0.05), however the total piglets born (TPB) was lower in the group VS2.5FTAI compared to control (P<0.05). In order to adjust the FTAI protocol in gilts for a practical use in the routine of the farm and to evaluate the use of pLH by v.s. route in weaned sows, the third study was conducted through two experiments. In gilts two treatments were performed: control-G - without pLH injection at oestrous onset and use of multiple AI during the oestrous; FTAI-G – 2.5 mg pLH applied by v.s. route at oestrous onset and use of a single FTAI 12 h later. The IOEO was shorter in the FTAI-G gilts compared to control-G (P<0.05), but the frequency distribution of IOEO did not differ between treatment (P>0.05). The AFR was lower to FTAI-G group compared to control-G (P<0.05). Differences on TPB between treatments were not observed (P>0.05). In the weaned sows three treatments were performed: control-S - without pLH application at oestrous onset and use of multiple inseminations; FTAI-NH - no hormone application and a single FTAI 24h after the onset of oestrus detection; FTAI-pLH - use of 2.5 mg pLH at oestrous onset by v.s. route and use of a single FTAI 24 h later. The results of this study did not insure difference on the AFR and TPB among treatments (P>0.05).

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Sá, Nilo Chaves de. "Efeito da restrição alimentar em a marrãs de reposição sobre parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2004. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5037.

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This work was developed to determine the effects of feed restriction on rearing gilts on their reproductive efficiency as primiparous sows. Were used 80 gilts C40 (Dalland, Pietran x Large White), with 149.8 ± 3.2 days and 93.1 ± 6.0 kg of live weight, divided in eight lots of 10 animals, being each lot housed in collective pens of 15m2. The animals were submitted to two different treatments during 150 days of age until seven days after first mating. In treatment 1, gilts received 2,6 kg of feed (2945 Kcal ME, 14% CP, 0.6 lysine) a day, while in the treatment 2 the gilts received 2,2 kg (feed restriction 15%) of the same feed a day. Seven days before the first mating gilts of both treatments received 3,0 kg of lactation feed a day (flushing). The gilts had the backfat thickness (BF) measured at 170, 190 and 210 days and were weighted at 210 days of age. At 215,6 ± 6,7 days gilts were artificially inseminated. There were no differences (P>0,05) on BF at 170 (12,3 ± 1,6 vs 11,6 ± 1,3 mm), 190 (12,8 ± 1,3 vs 12,2 ± 1,1 mm) and 210 (13,4 ± 1,3 vs 12,9 ± 1,1 mm) days, as well as in the weight at 210 days of age (131,4 ± 7,1 vs 128,6 ± 9,8 kg) among the animals of the treatments 1 and 2, and both treatments were effective in preparing the replacement gilts inside the patterns of weight and BF at the first breeding. The treatment did not influence the rate of estrus return, but gilts of treatment 1 had a better (P <0,05) performance as primiparous sows than gilts of treatment 2 (11,6 ± 1,6 vs 10,6 ± 2,3 total piglets born). Feed restriction 15%, resulting in a daily intake of 6479 kcal ME and 13.2 g lysine, showed negative effects on reproductive performance, although it was not accompanied of alterations in the weight and in BT at 210 days. The parameters weight and BF were not safe to determine the reproductive efficiency of gilts as primiparous sows, once different results were observed at first farrow under same weight and BF patterns at first mating. Gilts s metabolic status at the insemination seems to be as important as the weight and BF at first mating.
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar os efeitos da restrição alimentar em marrãs de reposição sobre sua eficiência reprodutiva ao primeiro parto. Foram utilizadas 80 marrãs C40 (Dalland, Pietran x Large White), com idade média de 149,8 ± 3,2 dias e peso vivo médio de 93,1 ± 6,0 quilos, divididas em oito lotes de 10 animais, sendo cada lote alojado em baias coletivas de 15m2. Os animais foram submetidos a dois tratamentos distintos dos 150 dias de idade até 7 dias antes da cobertura. No tratamento 1, as marrãs receberam 2,6 kg de ração (2945 Kcal EM, 14% PB, 0,60 lisina digestível) por dia, enquanto no tratamento 2 as marrãs receberam 2,2 kg (restrição alimentar de 15%) da mesma ração por dia. A partir de sete dias antes da cobertura as marrãs de ambos os tratamentos receberam 3,0 kg de ração lactação por dia (flushing). As marrãs tiveram a espessura de toucinho (ET) mensurada aos 170, 190 e 210 dias e foram pesadas aos 210 dias de idade. Aos 215,6 ± 6,7 dias as marrãs foram artificialmente inseminadas. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,05) na ET aos 170 (12,3 ± 1,6 vs 11,6 ± 1,3 mm), 190 (12,8 ± 1,3 vs 12,2 ± 1,1 mm) e 210 (13,4 ± 1,3 vs 12,9 ± 1,1 mm) dias, bem como no peso aos 210 dias de idade (131,4 ± 7,1 vs 128,6 ± 9,8 kg) entre animais dos tratamentos 1 e 2, sendo que os dois tratamentos foram eficazes em preparar a fêmea de reposição dentro dos padrões de peso e ET à primeira cobertura. O tratamento não influenciou a taxa de repetição de estro, porém as marrãs do tratamento 1 tiveram um melhor (P<0,05) desempenho ao primeiro parto em relação as marrãs do grupo 2 (11,6 ± 1,6 vs 10,6 ± 2,3 total de leitões nascidos). A restrição alimentar de 15%, resultando em um consumo diário de 6479 Kcal de energia metabolizável e 13,2 g de lisina digestível, mostrou ter efeitos negativos no desempenho reprodutivo das marrãs ao primeiro parto, embora não fosse acompanhada de alterações no peso e na ET aos 210 dias. Os parâmetros peso e ET não foram seguros em determinar a eficiência reprodutiva das marrãs ao primeiro parto, uma vez que foram observados diferentes resultados ao primeiro parto sob mesmos padrões de peso e ET à cobertura. O status metabólico da marrã ao momento da inseminação parece ser tão importante quanto o peso e a ET à primeira cobertura.

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25

Silva, Bruno Alexander Nunes. "Efeito do resfriamento do piso da maternidade sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de porcas em lactação no verão". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5604.

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An experiment was realized with the objective of evaluating the effects of cooling the cage floor under the lactating sow on its productive and reproductive performance in conditions of high temperature. Forty crossbred sows (Landrace x Large White) with different parturition orders were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental block design, in agreement with the parturition order (1º, 2º, 3º to the 5º and 6º to the 7º) and body weight in two treatments with 20 repetitions, being each animal considered the experimental unit. Treatment 1 corresponded to the cooled floor that was under the sow and the Treatment 2, the witness group (without cooling). The data of the temperature of dry bulb, humidity bulb and black globe were registered in the experimental period and converted in to the index of temperature of black globe and humidity (ITGU), which was used to characterize the thermal environment in which the sows were maintained. The duration of the lactation was of 21 days, and during this period the sows were fed ad libitum with a same diet. It was observed effect (P<0.01) of the treatments on the performance of the sows. The sows submitted to Treatment 1 showed larger (P<0.01) feed intake (6.474 x 5.605 kg/day). Although the females maintained on the cooled floor showed a larger feed intake they also showed a larger loss (P<0.01) of body weight and of corporal protein during the lactation, this fact can probably be attributed to the increase on the milk production capacity. The intake of 61.5 and 53.2 g of daily lysine by the sows fed with the experimental diet, attended to the minimum value of 46 g/day necessary for sows to show minimum of weight loss during the lactation without compromising its performance and the litter s performance. It was also observed difference (P<0.01) among the treatments for the physiologic parameters, with the animals submitted to the cooled floor presenting smaller values in all the evaluated variables (rectal temperature, superficial temperatures and respiratory frequency). The sows maintained on the cooled floor had an increase (P<0.01) on there milk production, consequently, this increase influenced the larger weight gain of the piglets and the litter, as also it was observed smallest (P<0.01) number of days to return to estrus after weaning. It was concluded that cooling the floor under the lactating sow, improves its productive and reproductive performance as well as the performance of its litter.
Foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do resfriamento do piso da maternidade sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo da porca lactante durante o verão. Utilizaram-se 40 porcas mestiças Landrace x Large White de diferentes ordens de parto. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, de acordo com a ordem de parto (1º, 2º, 3º ao 5º e 6º ao 7º) e o peso corporal, em dois tratamentos com 20 repetições, sendo cada animal considerado a unidade experimental. O Tratamento 1 correspondeu ao resfriamento do piso da maternidade que fica sob a porca e o Tratamento 2, ao grupo-testemunha (sem resfriamento). Os valores de temperatura de bulbo seco, bulbo úmido e globo negro foram registrados durante o período experimental e convertidos no índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade (ITGU), que foi usado para caracterizar o ambiente térmico em que as porcas foram mantidas. A duração da lactação foi de 21 dias, e durante esse período as porcas foram alimentadas ad libitum com uma mesma ração. Observou-se efeito (P<0,01) dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho das porcas, em que aquelas mantidas no piso resfriado apresentaram maior (P<0,01) consumo de ração (6,474 x 5,605 kg/dia). Apesar do maior consumo de ração, as fêmeas mantidas em piso resfriado sofreram maior perda (P<0,01) de peso e de proteína corporal durante a lactação, fato atribuído provavelmente ao aumento da capacidade de produção de leite. Os consumos de 61,5 e 53,2 g de lisina diários pelas porcas alimentadas com a ração experimental atenderam ao valor mínimo de 46 g/dia para que porcas apresentem mínima perda de peso durante a lactação, sem comprometimento do seu desempenho e de sua leitegada. Os tratamentos influenciaram (P<0,01), também, os parâmetros fisiológicos dos animais submetidos ao piso resfriado, exibindo menores valores em todas as variáveis avaliadas (temperatura retal, temperaturas superficiais e freqüência respiratória). As porcas mantidas em piso resfriado apresentaram aumento (P<0,01) da produção de leite e, conseqüentemente, maior ganho de peso dos leitões e da leitegada, bem como menor (P<0,01) número de dias para o retorno do cio fértil após a desmama. Concluiu-se que o resfriamento do piso da maternidade melhora o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo da porca em lactação, bem como o desempenho de sua leitegada.

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26

Muniz, Adriana. "Efeito da adição do óleo de soja, óleo de linhaça, óleo de coco babaçu e sebo bovino nos parâmetros produtivos e reprodutivos de fêmeas suínas em lactação". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-28082007-095434/.

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O objetivo do experimento foi verificar o efeito da adição do óleo de soja, óleo de linhaça, óleo de coco babaçu e sebo bovino na ração de fêmeas suínas lactantes. As dietas eram energeticamente altas, sendo uma dieta basal acrescida em 8% por diferentes fontes de energia, (1) óleo de soja, (2) óleo de linhaça, (3) óleo de coco e (4) gordura animal, tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 respectivamente. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Santa Rosa, Leme, SP. As variáveis avaliadas foram peso inicial, aos 100 dias de gestação (PI), peso à desmama (PD), espessura de toucinho aos 100 dias de gestação (ETI), espessura de toucinho à desmama (ETD), mudanças corporais no período lactacional como perda de peso (PP), perda de espessura de toucinho (PET), produção de leite (PL) e peso dos leitões (Ple) nos dias 7, 14 e 21 da lactação, intervalo desmama estro (IDE), duração do estro (DE) e concentrações de estrógeno (Es) à desmama, 48 horas após a desmama e no estro. A espessura de toucinho foi medida no P2. A técnica de PL foi realizada pela técnica de peso dos leitões antes e depois das mamadas. O manejo para diagnóstico do estro foi realizado duas vezes ao dia. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas em 3 ocasiões à desmama (Dia 1), 48 horas após a desmama (Dia 2) e na comprovação do estro (Dia 3). As análises da (Es) foram realizadas pela técnica de radioimunoensaio. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os resultados foram analisados através do programa computacional Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., 1985) submetidos à análise de variância pelo procedimento GLM (PROC GLM). Para os valores de peso, espessura de toucinho, bem como das mudanças no período não houve diferença significativa, e os resultados foram para PI 257,7; 259,3; 265,0 e 267,0 quilos e para PD 231,3; 217,4; 224,9 e 225,0 quilos para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Os valores de 17,0; 16,5; 16,5; 16,0 milímetros foram para ETI e 13,2; 12,13; 12,5 e 12,0 mm para ETD nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. A PP durante a lactação foi de 44,4; 41,9; 40,1 e 39,1 para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Já a PET apresentou médias de 3,8; 4,2; 4,0 e 4,0 mm nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para PL, bem como para os diferentes dias de mensurações tendo como resultados no 7º dia 10,13; 9,43; 8,98 e 8,85 Kg para os diferentes tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. No 14º dia os valores médios para os tratamentos foram de 10,12; 11,20; 10,26 e 8,79 Kg, respectivamente, e os valores de 11,34; 10,47; 10,56 e 10,76 Kg para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente para o 21º dia. O peso dos leitões não foi significativo entre os tratamentos, mas apresentou significância nos três diferentes tempos (P < 0,01) e os valores médios foram de 2,87; 2,95; 2,83 e 2,9 Kg para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente para o 7º dia de amamentação, de 5,01; 4,88; 4,8 e 4,75 Kg nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente para 14º dia. Já para o 21º dia os valores nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente foram de 6,80; 6,58; 6,56 e 6,82 Kg. O IDE e DE não apresentaram diferença significativa e tiveram como médias nos respectivos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 de 74,0; 68,0; 70,3 e 78,7 horas para IDE e 57,6; 62,0; 64,0 e 72,0 para DE. Para as médias de Es não houve significância e estas apresentaram os seguintes valores de 10,25; 12,82; 9,65 e 8,71 pg/ml nos respectivos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 no dia 1. Para o dia 2 os valores nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4 foram de 25,8; 27,39; 24,64 e 32,12 pg/ml respectivamente, e os valores de 83,6; 79,14 e 77,64 pg/ml para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente referentes ao dia 3.
Twenty-four Dalland C40 sows were used in one experiment to study the effect of dietary vegetable oil or tallow on productive and reproductive parameters. All sows were fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 8% soybean (T1), linseed (T2), coconut (T3) oil or tallow (T4) from day 100 of gestation and throughout the lactation period. Sow initial weight and backfat thickness were determined at day 100 of gestation (ISW and IBT, respectively), and at weaning (WSW and WBT, respectively). Sow weight and backfat thickness losses (WL and BTL, respectively) were calculated, and milk yield (MY) was estimated at day 7, 14 and 21 of lactation by weighing the litter before and after suckling. Interval weaning estrus (IWE), and estrus duration (ED), and piglet weight (PW) were recorded. Blood samples were taken at weaning (day 1), and 48 hours after weaning (day 2), and at onset of estrus (day 3) for estradiol (E2) determination. There were no treatment effects for the parameters studied. The means for E2 were 10.25; 12.82; 9.65 e 8.71 pg/ml (day 1), and 25.8; 27.39; 24.64 e 32.12 pg/ml (day 2), and 83.6; 79.14 e 7764 pg/ml (day 3) for treatment 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectively. Means for E2 on day 3 were higher than values observed on day 1 and 2.

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27

Menezes, Tila de Alcantara. "Avaliação da temperatura de armazenamento e uso de antimicrobianos na qualidade de doses seminais de suínos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179696.

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A bacteriospermia pode prejudicar a qualidade das doses de sêmen suíno. Desta forma, a adição de antimicrobianos (ATM) aos diluentes de sêmen é imprescindível para a manutenção da qualidade das doses inseminantes. Contudo, a crescente ocorrência de resistência bacteriana tem impulsionado a redução do uso de ATM na suinocultura. Nesse sentido, o armazenamento das doses inseminantes em baixas temperaturas pode ser uma alternativa para a remoção dos ATM dos diluentes comerciais. Sendo assim, no presente estudo, foram realizados dois experimentos para avaliar a qualidade espermática e a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL) de doses de sêmen suíno submetidas a baixas temperaturas de armazenamento, na ausência ou presença de ATM. No experimento 1, as motilidades (total e progressiva) das doses com ATM foram maiores conforme aumentou a temperatura de armazenamento (P<0,01). Nas doses sem ATM, as motilidades foram inferiores nas mantidas a 5 °C do que nas demais (P<0,05). O número de UFC/mL foi menor nas doses sem ATM mantidas a 5 e 10 °C do que a 17 °C (P<0,05), mas não houve diferença entre as temperaturas de armazenamento nas doses com ATM (P>0,05). As integridades de acrossoma e de membrana plasmática não foram afetadas (P>0,05) pelo uso de ATM, mas foram influenciadas pela temperatura de armazenamento (P<0,0001) No experimento 2, os machos foram categorizados em BONS e RUINS de acordo com a motilidade progressiva das doses com ATM armazenadas a 5 °C nas 120 h, sendo investigado o efeito dessas categorias sobre as variáveis estudadas. A motilidade total das doses armazenadas a 17 °C foi superior à das mantidas a 5 °C diluídas sem ATM (P<0,05). Os percentuais de motilidade progressiva e de acrossomas normais foram superiores nas doses mantidas a 17 °C do que nas mantidas a 5 °C, com ou sem ATM (P<0,05). O número de UFC/ml foi maior nas doses diluídas sem ATM do que nas demais (P<0,05). Após a categorização dos machos, as motilidades (total e progressiva) foram maiores nos machos BONS do que nos RUINS (P<0,05), sem diferença significativa (P>0,05) nas integridades (acrossomal e de membrana plasmática). Apesar de a qualidade espermática ter sido afetada negativamente pelas baixas temperaturas, o armazenamento das doses de sêmen suíno a 5 °C é possível, uma vez que foi mantida a viabilidade espermática in vitro, por até 5 dias, acima do nível mínimo considerado adequado para a inseminação artificial. Contudo, o uso de doses sem antimicrobianos ainda precisa de otimização, posto que que as baixas temperaturas de armazenamento reduzem, mas não inibem por completo o crescimento bacteriano.
Bacteriospermia can impair boar semen dose quality. Thus, the addition of antibiotics (ATB) is indispensable for maintaining semen doses quality. Nevertheless, growing bacterial resistance occurrence have had driven to a reduction in use of ATB in pig industry. In this sense, storage of semen doses at low temperature may be an alternative to removal ATB of commercial semen extenders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess sperm quality and number of colony-forming units (CFU mL-1) in boar semen doses stored at low storage temperatures with or without ATB, in two experiments. In experiment 1, in semen doses with ATB, total and progressive motility increased as the storage temperature increased (P<0.01). In semen doses without ATB, total and progressive motility were observed to be lower when stored at 5 °C than at 10 and 17 °C (P<0.05). The number of CFU mL-1 was lower in semen doses without ATB stored at 5 and 10 °C than at 17 °C (P<0.05), but there was no difference among storage temperatures in doses with ATB (P>0.05). Acrosome and sperm membrane integrity were not influenced (P>0.05) by using ATB, but they were influenced by storage temperature (P<0,0001) In experiment 2, boars were grouped in GOOD and POOR according to progressive motility in doses stored for up to 120 h at 5 °C. So, the effect of this classification on assessed variables, was investigated. Total motility was higher in doses stored at 17 °C than in doses without ATB stored at 5 °C (P<0.05). The percentages of progressive motility and normal acrosomes were higher in doses stored at 17 °C than in doses stored at 5 °C, with or without ATB (P<0.05). The number of CFU mL-1 was higher in doses without ATB than in remaining ones (P<0.05). Total and progressive motility were observed to be higher in GOOD than in POOR boars (P<0.05). There was no difference between groups of boars in acrosome and membrane integrity (P>0.05). Despite sperm quality was negatively affected by low temperatures, the storage of boar semen doses at 5 °C is possible, since sperm viability in vitro was maintained for up to 5 days, fulfilling the requirements of semen quality to be used in artificial insemination. Nevertheless, the use of semen doses without ATB will need optimization, since low storage temperatures decreased bacterial growth, but not completely inhibit it.

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28

Córdoba, Terreros Sarai. "Genetic and molecular basis of reproductive efficiency in swine". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377433.

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En els darrers anys, la caracterització del transcriptoma s'ha convertit en un tema candent a la recerca genòmica, ja sigui en humans o en animals. En aquests últims, els avanços en transcriptòmica tenen com a principal objectiu entendre millor els caràcters amb major impacte econòmic. Una de les espècies més importants en la producció ramadera és la porcina. Els caràcters reproductius com la prolificitat poden afectar directament la seva rendibilitat, però la gran variabilitat genètica existent entre races porcines i la baixa heretabilitat d'aquest caràcter han fet de la seva selecció tot un repte. Això posa de manifest la importància d'estudiar les interaccions gèniques i els mecanismes de regulació que afecten el tamany final de la camada en aquesta espècie. En aquesta tesi, oferim una visió global del transcriptoma de l'endometri de dues races porcines que difereixen significativament en els seus nivells de prolificitat, donant una llista de més d'un centenar de gens diferencialment expressats la funció dels quals està associada amb etapes crítiques per a la supervivència embrionària durant la gestació. Aquestes diferències d'expressió han estat validades per 12 gens que constitueixen una llista de nous candidats a exercir un paper clau en l'arquitectura genètica de caràcters relacionats amb l'eficiència reproductiva en el porc. Donat que les microRNAs (miRNAs) són coneguts reguladors post-transcripcionals de l’expressió génica, vam pensar que les diferències observades en el nivell d'expressió d'aquests gens podia respondre a un patró d'expressió de microRNAs diferent. Per validar aquesta hipòtesi, es va analitzar el perfil d'expressió de miRNAs en l'endometri de truges gestants amb nivells de prolificidad divergents, identificant 10 miRNAs madurs diferencialment expressats. Tot i que després de la seva quantificació relativa els nivells d'aquests microRNAs van resultar ser similars, es van trobar correlacions significatives entre l'expressió dels miRNAs ssc-miR-92a i ssc-miR-133a i els gens candidats MMP8, PTGS2, PTHLH i SCNN1G. A més, es va dur a terme la caracterització funcional de nou miRNAs altament implicats en reproducció identificant un total de 13 polimorfismes (SNPs) a les seves seqüències precursores. Per determinar l'efecte d'aquestes variants en l'eficiència reproductiva de les truges, es va realitzar un estudi d'associació que va revelar que el genotip per a les variants identificades a la seqüència de ssc-mir-27a, ssc-mir-29b-2 i ssc-mir-106 era determinant tant per als nivells d'expressió del miRNA madur com per als valors d’EBV. Aquests resultats suggerien que les variants genètiques a la seqüència de miRNAs precursors juguen un paper clau en els caràcteres relacionades amb la reproducció porcina. Finalment, es va dur a terme la validació funcional de la regulació dels gens ADM, HTRA3, PTHLH i VEGFA per part dels seus microRNAs diana ssc-miR-181d-5p, ssc-miR-101-3p, ssc-miR-144 i ssc-miR-195-5p respectivament, que ens va permetre establir una relació directa entre aquestes interaccions i una disminució en els seus nivells d'expressió.
In recent years, transcriptome characterization has seen a remarkable rise, becoming a hot topic in genomic research either in human or animal genetics. In this last, advances in transcriptomics have addressed the goal to better understand those traits with higher economic impact. One of the most important species in livestock production are pigs. Reproductive traits such as prolificacy can directly impact porcine profitability, but large genetic variation and low heritability have been found regarding litter size among porcine breeds. This highlights the importance to perform expression profiling experiments in porcine breeds with extreme prolificacy phenotypes, to better understand those gene interactions and regulatory mechanisms affecting litter size in pigs. In this thesis, we provide a global view of the endometrial transcriptome of two porcine breeds that differ significantly in their prolificacy levels, giving a list of more than one hundred differentially expressed genes associated with critical steps of embryonic survival during sow’s gestation. These expression differences have been validated for 12 genes providing a list of new candidate genes that may play key role on the genetic architecture of prolificacy-related traits in pigs. We hypothesized that the observed differences in the expression level of these genes between Iberian x Meishan F2 sows with divergent prolificacy phenotypes might respond to a different expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs), known to function as post-transcriptional down-regulators of gene expression. To validate this hypothesis, we explored the endometrial miRNA expression profile by RNA-seq identifying 10 differentially expressed miRNAs. Expression levels appear to be similar after relative quantification, despite significant correlations were found between the expression of ssc-miR-92a and ssc-miR-133a and candidate genes MMP8, PTGS2, PTHLH and SCNN1G. We functionally characterized nine reproduction-related miRNAs identifying a total of 13 SNPs in their precursor sequences. To determine the effect of these variants in the reproductive efficiency of the pregnant sows, we performed an association study that revealed that the genotype for the variants in ssc-mir-27a, ssc-mir-29b-2 and ssc-mir-106a was determinant for the mature miRNA expression levels and the EBVs. Finally, a functional validation of the miRNA-mediated regulation of ADM, HTRA3, PTHLH and VEGFA upon they target miRNAs ssc-miR-181d-5p, ssc-miR-101-3p, ssc-miR-144 and ssc-miR-195-5p respectively, allowed us to find a direct relationship between these interactions and decreased levels of gene expression.

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Grigoriadis, Dimitris F. "Reproductive behaviour of pigs in a dynamic service system". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=191661.

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The behaviour, welfare and reproductive efficiency of sexually mature pigs kept in groups rather than singly has recently become important because of new EU legislation to ban sow stalls and tethers. Four studies were undertaken to examine the behavioural, welfare and economic implications of a Dynamic Service System (DSS) for gilts. The DSS is a semiintensive variant of 'group mating'. In DSS, the female population is changed on a regular basis while the boars, forming a team, are resident. In total, 1402 gilts and 38 boar teams were used to establish behavioural parameters and reproductive output (i.e. conception rate and litter size) in such a system. The behaviour of the sexual partners was continuously recorded for 6,288 hours (i.e. 262 days). The results indicated that male sexual behaviour differed significantly between and within boar teams. Social dominance failed to significantly affect male sexual behaviour and a comparison of the male social and sexual hierarchies showed that they were poorly correlated. Gilt reproductive behaviour and performance were not affected by the number of heat periods experienced prior to service, at a controlled age. There were no detrimental influences on gilt productivity of halving the size of the boar teams from 4 to 2 individuals. Overall, the reproductive performance of gilts in a DSS was at least as good as in other conventional mating systems. The Dynamic Service System was shown to be compatible with good welfare and acceptable behavioural patterns, and is clearly a valuable alternative in future pig production.

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30

Isler, Bradley J. "An investigation of the associations between several candidate genes and reproductive traits in swine". Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1041948102.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 250 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-250). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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31

Petrone, Rosalie Catherine. "Using Commercially Available Hormones to Enhance Swine Reproductive Efficiency in Batch Management Systems". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54594.

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The U.S. hog industry's shift to vertically-integrated, intensively-managed operations brought about a variety of management systems for breeding herds, including batch farrowing. In this system, groups of sows are weaned in 2- to 5- week intervals, making estrus synchronization of new gilts and sows critical to maintaining reproductive efficiency in the herd. The use of commercially available hormones to synchronize estrus in this system has not been extensively studied. This experiment was conducted to determine whether the use of commercially available hormones (MATRIX® and P.G. 600®; Merck Animal Health, De Sota, KS) in a 5-week batch management system had a positive impact on reproductive efficiency in gilts and sows over the course of 3 parities. Gilts were allocated to an Entry Group (A, B, or D) and then assigned to a treatment, Hormone-Assisted (HA) (5 mL P.G. 600 injection 5 days and/or fed 15 mg/day of MATRIX for 14 consecutive days prior to the breeding week) or Control (no exogenous hormones). Gilts and sows were checked daily for estrus with a mature boar, and a group was bred using AI during a 7-day breeding period every 5 weeks and allowed to farrow up to 3 parities. Among groups, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for more HA than control gilts to display estrus and be mated on schedule. For gilts within Group A, more (P < 0.01) HA than control females displayed estrus and were mated. Body weight at first service for gilts in Groups A and B were higher than Group D (P < 0.01). Overall, there was no effect of treatment on (P = 0.20) non-productive days. There was a strong tendency for HA sows to have a greater (P = 0.07) number of parities completed than control sows; Total pigs born (P < 0.05) and total pigs born alive (P < 0.05) were greater for HA sows than control sows. In Parity 1, Group D sows had a lesser number of pigs born (P < 0.01) and pigs born alive (P < 0.02) than Groups A and B; The number of pigs weaned differed between entry groups (P < 0.05) (Group B > Group A > Group D); Control sows weaned more pigs (P < 0.02) and had a greater litter weaning weight (P < 0.01) than HA sows; HA sows had a lower (P < 0.05) wean-to-estrus interval than control sows. No significant effects of group or treatment were observed in Parities 2 and 3. The use of exogenous hormones to synchronize estrus had a positive impact on reproductive efficiency in HA gilts/sows in a 5-week batch management system.
Master of Science

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32

Tummaruk, Padet. "Reproductive performance of purebred Swedish Landrace and Swedish Yorkshire gilts and sows : a retrospective study with special reference to age at first mating, season, parity and weaning-to-first-service interval /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5921-4.pdf.

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33

Tornimbene, Barbara. "Epidemiological investigation of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRS) in small and medium scale swine farms in the Cambodian Meking lowland region". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618314.

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34

Bathgate, Roslyn. "Studies on the cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa and its integration into assisted reproductive technologies". Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1279.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 2005.
Title from title screen (viewed 13 January 2009). Degree awarded 2005; thesis submitted 2004. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Veterinary Science. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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35

Wong, Yue-ling. "Molecular characterization of the Chinese isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the construction and characterization of the DNA vaccines /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?

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36

Li, Yick-yeung, e 李亦揚. "Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29297102.

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37

Li, Yick-yeung. "Molecular characterization and co-infection of North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558174.

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38

Wong, Yue-ling, e 王如玲. "Molecular characterization of the Chinese isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and theconstruction and characterization of the DNA vaccines". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226899.

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39

Lee, Sang-Myeong. "Interactions of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with innate immune responses". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5817.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
"December 2005" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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40

lee, kang mi. "Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses of Swine Exposed to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus or a GP5 Subunit Vaccine". NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07052007-104723/.

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Developing effective vaccines against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has proved difficult, highlighting the need for basic information on the nature of the immune response against this virus and the mechanisms of resistance that the virus employs. In this investigation our goal was to characterize the immune response against the major outer membrane protein of the virus, GP5, in pigs experimentally infected with a North Carolina isolate of PRRSV known as the NC Powell strain. In addition, we compared this response with the immune response seen after vaccination with purified recombinant GP5 (rGP5) protein. Humoral immune responses were monitored by western blot and immunofluorescence while T cell responses were monitored using proliferation assays and flow cytometry. Our results show strong humoral recognition of rGP5 protein during both natural and vaccine induced Ab responses. In addition, epitope mapping via western blot revealed that Ab responses were directed largely against the C-terminal endodomain of rGP5 protein in both experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs. We also investigated T cell responses to rGP5 protein. Our experiments revealed that T cells from vaccinated animals also responded to both rGP5 protein and inactivated NC Powell strain of PRRSV suggesting that T cells may play an important role in vaccine-induced resistance. Interestingly, we found that the inactivated NC Powell strain of PRRSV caused a strong proliferative response in naïve T cells from control animals, perhaps indicating the presence of a superantigen as a component of this highly virulent strain of PRRSV.

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41

Wong, Lai-yin Charles, e 王禮賢. "PRRSV-webtool: a web-based database and phylogenetic tool to study molecular epidemiology and evolution ofporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and related tooland algorithm". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534269.

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes the disease - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) which is one of the most economically important diseases for pig farmers. Since it was discovered in the United States and Europe, it has quickly affected the swine industry all over the world. Studying and controlling PRRSV has become an important issue in swine industry and scientific community, and has raised the concerns of governments like US and China. By using different bioinformatics and phylogenetics tools, scientists could understand the epidemiology and evolution of PRRSV from genomic data. However, a well-designed database for PRRSV sequence and relevant meta-information are generally required for the tools to produce insightful results. Therefore, I would like to introduce an easily accessible web platform for PRRSV analysis - PRRSV-Webtool. The core component of PRRSV-Webtool is phylogenetic reconstruction. Instead of using traditional phylogenetic reconstruction, a new method of reconstruction was introduced - Reconstruction by Addition of Taxon (RAT). RAT could build a phylogenetic tree from known existing phylogeny. Simulation tests were performed to evaluate the accuracies of RAT using PRRSV dataset. The percentages of correct branch reconstruction are 73.81% for type 1 PRRSV dataset and 80.68% for type 2 PRRSV dataset. Another important function of PRRSV-Webtool is genotyping. RAT could correctly identify the genotype of all sequences in the testing datasets. PRRSV-Webtool combined three main components: database, phylogenetic tool and World Wide Web. By using PRRSV-Webtool, the users can study their own PRRSV genome data easily via the web browser. Tools in PRRSV-Webtool can allow users to know more about their PRRSV isolates related to other field samples. With our PRRSV-Webtool, scientists and veterinaries can help to improve their understanding of PRRSV and help to control the virus by accelerating the process of virus surveillance and field sampling.
published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy

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42

Niederwerder, Megan C. "Clinical disease and host response of nursery pigs following challenge with emerging and re-emerging swine viruses". Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20491.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Raymond R. R. Rowland
Emerging viral diseases cause significant and widespread economic losses to U.S. swine production. Over the last 25 years, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have emerged or re-emerged, costing the industry billions through increased mortality and clinical or subclinical reductions in growth. Nursery pigs are greatly affected by these viruses due to high susceptibility to primary and secondary infections after weaning. However, clinical disease occurs in only a subpopulation of infected pigs and can vary drastically from sudden death to poor growth performance. This thesis documents a series of 4 studies where nursery pigs were challenged with either PRRSV/PCV2 or PEDV; the associations between clinical outcome and several factors affecting viral pathogenesis were investigated. In the first study, the administration of PRRS modified live virus vaccine prior to co-challenge with PRRSV/PCV2 was shown to protect against PRRS but enhance PCV2 replication and pathogenesis. This study provides insight into the role that PRRS vaccination has in both the control and potentiation of clinical disease. In the second study, microbial populations were compared between pigs with the best and worst clinical outcome following PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. Increased fecal microbiome diversity was associated with improved clinical outcome; however, worst clinical outcome pigs had prolonged and greater virus replication, highlighting the host response to viral challenge as a primary determinant of clinical outcome. In the third study, 13 clinical phenotypes were compiled for >450 pigs after PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. Duration of dyspnea and the presence of muscle wasting had the strongest associations with reduced weight gain. This study highlights the opportunity to improve animal welfare and production through improvements in clinical health. In the fourth study, clinical disease was mild to moderate and occurred within the first week after pigs were challenged with PEDV. However, PEDV was detected weeks after clinical disease had resolved and may implicate nursery pigs as an important source of viral carriage and transmission. Overall, the goal of this thesis was to develop models for understanding the impact of emerging and re-emerging viruses to improve recognition and control of disease.

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43

Peters, James C. "Evaluating the efficacy of dietary organic and inorganic trace minerals in reproducing female pigs on reproductive performance and body mineral composition". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141661190.

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44

李亦揚 e Yick-yeung Li. "Molecular characterization and co-infection of North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in HongKong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558174.

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45

Widén, Frederik. "Porcine cytomegalovirus : studies on the viral genome and development of novel diagnostic techniques /". Uppsala : Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för veterinärmedicinsk mikrobiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6388-2.pdf.

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46

Sattler, Tatjana, Eveline Wodak, Sandra Revilla-Fernández e Friedrich Schmoll. "Comparison of different commercial ELISAs for detection of antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in serum". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158536.

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Background: In recent years, several new ELISAs for the detection of antibodies against the porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV) in pig serum have been developed. To interpret the results, specificity and sensitivity data as well as agreement to a reference ELISA must be available. In this study, three commercial ELISAs (INgezim PRRS 2.0 - ELISA II, Priocheck® PRRSV Ab porcine – ELISA III and CIVTEST suis PRRS E/S PLUS - ELISA IV, detecting PRRSV type 1 antibodies) were compared to a standard ELISA (IDEXX PRRS X3 Ab Test - ELISA I). The serum of three pigs vaccinated with an attenuated PRRSV live vaccine (genotype 2) was tested prior to and several times after the vaccination. Furthermore, serum samples of 245 pigs of PRRSV positive herds, 309 pigs of monitored PRRSV negative herds, 256 fatteners of assumed PRRSV negative herds with unknown herd history and 92 wild boars were tested with all four ELISAs. Results: ELISAs II and III were able to detect seroconversion of vaccinated pigs with a similar reliability. According to kappa coefficient, the results showed an almost perfect agreement between ELISA I as reference and ELISA II and III (kappa > 0.8), and substantial agreement between ELISA I and ELISA IV (kappa = 0.71). Sensitivity of ELISA II, III and IV was 96.0%, 100% and 91.5%, respectively. The specificity of the ELISAs determined in samples of monitored PRRSV negative herds was 99.0%, 95.1% and 96.4%, respectively. In assumed negative farms that were not continually monitored, more positive samples were found with ELISA II to IV. The reference ELISA I had a specificity of 100% in this study. Conclusions: All tested ELISAs were able to detect a PRRSV positive herd. The specificity and sensitivity of the tested commercial ELISAs, however, differed. ELISA II had the highest specificity an ELISA III had the highest sensitivity in comparison to the reference ELISA. ELISA IV had a lower sensitivity and specificity than the other ELISAs.

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47

Sattler, Tatjana, Jutta Pikalo, Eveline Wodak e Friedrich Schmoll. "Ability of ELISAs to detect antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in serum of pigs after inactivated vaccination and subsequent challenge". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-216172.

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Background: In this study, six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), intended for routine porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) herd monitoring, are tested for their ability to detect PRRSV specific antibodies in the serum of pigs after vaccination with an inactivated PRRSV type 1 vaccine and subsequent infection with a highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV field strain. For this reason, ten piglets (group V) from a PRRSV negative herd were vaccinated twice at the age of 2 and 4 weeks with an inactivated PRRSV vaccine. Ten additional piglets (group N) from the sameherd remained unvaccinated. Three weeks after second vaccination, each of the piglets received an intradermal application of an HP PRRSV field strain. Serum samples were taken before first vaccination as well as before and 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after HP PRRSV application. All serum samples were tested for PRRSV RNA by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) as well as for PRRSV antibodies with all six study ELISAs. Results: At the beginning of the study (before vaccination), all of the piglets were PRRSV antibody negative with all study ELISAs. They also tested negative for PRRSV RNA measured by RT-qPCR. From day 3 after HP PRRSV application until the end of the study, a viremia was detected by RT-qPCR in all of the piglets. On day 0 (day of HP PRRSV application), nine out of ten piglets of the pre-vaccinated group tested PRRSV antibody positive with one of the tested ELISAs, although with lower S/P values than after infection. On day 10 after HP PRRSV application, all study ELISAs except one had significantly higher S/P or OD values, respectively more positive samples, in group V than in group N. Conclusions: Only one of the tested ELISAs was able to detect reliably PRRSV antibodies in pigs vaccinated with an inactivated PRRSV vaccine. With most of the tested ELISAs, higher S/P values respectively more positive samples after PRRSV infection were seen in the pre-vaccinated group than in the non-vaccinated.

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48

Cao, Qian. "Novel approaches to enhance the protective immune responses of vaccines against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92694.

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Since late 1980s, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has emerged as the most economically important swine pathogen affecting pig industries worldwide. Vaccination is the principal means that have been used for prevention of PRRSV infection. However, the currently available vaccines for PRRSV are generally considered as not very effective. One of the major obstacles for developing an effective modified live-attenuated vaccine (MLV) with broad protection is the delayed and insufficient immune responses mounted by PRRSV, and the problem is further exacerbated by the antigenic variations of the constantly-evolving field strains of PRRSV. In order to boost the immune response induced by the MLV vaccine virus, we evaluated the immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of recombinant PRRSV MLVs expressing porcine IL-15 or IL-18 as adjuvants. The cytokine genes were fused with a GPI modification signal so that they are anchored onto the cell surface upon infection with the recombinant MLV. Both cytokines are successfully expressed on the cell membrane of porcine alveolar macrophage (PAMs) after recombinant MLVs infection in vitro. Subsequently, pigs vaccinated with cytokine-expressing recombinant PRRSV MLVs had an improved antiviral response of cytotoxic lymphocytes including natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, characterized by increased IFN-γ secretion and/or enhanced CD107a expression. The results offer a novel strategy to incorporate cytokine genes into PRRSV genome as potent bio-active adjuvants expressed by the vaccine virus itself. Since we showed that PRRSV VR2385 down-regulated swine leukocyte antigen class I surface expression, naturally the next logical question is which viral protein is responsible for this down-regulation. To answer the question, we cloned and expressed all known PRRSV structural and non-structural proteins and examined which protein(s) is involved in SLA-I downregulation. Our results identified the newly-discovered nonstructural protein Nsp2TF of PRRSV as the main mediator in down-regulating SLA-I expression. We also demonstrated that the Nsp2TF-knockout mutant virus lost its function of negatively modulating SLA-I presentation compared to the wild-type virus. The results suggest that disruption of the Nsp2TF's ability to down-regulate SLA-I expression may improve the existing PRRSV vaccines towards a better CMI response against the virus.
PHD

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49

Sattler, Tatjana, Eveline Wodak e Friedrich Schmoll. "Evaluation of the specificity of a commercial ELISA for detection of antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in individual oral fluid of pigs collected in two different ways". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-167323.

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Background: The monitoring of infectious diseases like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) using pen-wise oral fluid samples becomes more and more established. The collection of individual oral fluid, which would be useful in the monitoring of PRRSV negative boar studs, is rather difficult. The aim of the study was to test two methods for individual oral fluid collection from pigs and to evaluate the specificity of a commercial ELISA for detection of PRRSV antibodies in these sample matrices. For this reason, 334 serum samples from PRRSV negative pigs (group 1) and 71 serum samples from PRRSV positive pigs (group 2) were tested for PRRSV antibodies with a commercial ELISA. Individual oral fluid was collected with a cotton gauze swab from 311 pigs from group 1 and 39 pigs from group 2. Furthermore, 312 oral fluid samples from group 1 and 67 oral fluid samples from group 2 were taken with a self-drying foam swab (GenoTube). The recollected oral fluid was then analysed twice with a commercial ELISA for detection of PRRSV antibodies in oral fluid.

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50

Sattler, Tatjana, Eveline Wodak, Sandra Revilla-Fernández e Friedrich Schmoll. "Comparison of different commercial ELISAs for detection of antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in serum". BioMed Central, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13068.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: In recent years, several new ELISAs for the detection of antibodies against the porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV) in pig serum have been developed. To interpret the results, specificity and sensitivity data as well as agreement to a reference ELISA must be available. In this study, three commercial ELISAs (INgezim PRRS 2.0 - ELISA II, Priocheck® PRRSV Ab porcine – ELISA III and CIVTEST suis PRRS E/S PLUS - ELISA IV, detecting PRRSV type 1 antibodies) were compared to a standard ELISA (IDEXX PRRS X3 Ab Test - ELISA I). The serum of three pigs vaccinated with an attenuated PRRSV live vaccine (genotype 2) was tested prior to and several times after the vaccination. Furthermore, serum samples of 245 pigs of PRRSV positive herds, 309 pigs of monitored PRRSV negative herds, 256 fatteners of assumed PRRSV negative herds with unknown herd history and 92 wild boars were tested with all four ELISAs. Results: ELISAs II and III were able to detect seroconversion of vaccinated pigs with a similar reliability. According to kappa coefficient, the results showed an almost perfect agreement between ELISA I as reference and ELISA II and III (kappa > 0.8), and substantial agreement between ELISA I and ELISA IV (kappa = 0.71). Sensitivity of ELISA II, III and IV was 96.0%, 100% and 91.5%, respectively. The specificity of the ELISAs determined in samples of monitored PRRSV negative herds was 99.0%, 95.1% and 96.4%, respectively. In assumed negative farms that were not continually monitored, more positive samples were found with ELISA II to IV. The reference ELISA I had a specificity of 100% in this study. Conclusions: All tested ELISAs were able to detect a PRRSV positive herd. The specificity and sensitivity of the tested commercial ELISAs, however, differed. ELISA II had the highest specificity an ELISA III had the highest sensitivity in comparison to the reference ELISA. ELISA IV had a lower sensitivity and specificity than the other ELISAs.

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