Tesi sul tema "Suivi de points de repère"
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Jacinto, Hector. "Positionnement automatique de points de repère anatomiques pour la plannification chirurgicale". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0077/document.
Testo completoNowadays, orthopedic surgeons utilize patient-specific systems based on custom cutting guides for total knee arthroplasty. Particularly, the chirurgical operation is prepared by using planning tools where the surgeon can manipulate virtual images of the patient, built from pre-surgical medical images. Identified anatomical landmarks provide various measurements on the virtual lower limb allowing to control the positioning of the cutting guides relative to the 3-D models of the knee bones. We propose a multi-atlas method for the automatic positioning of the pre-defined landmarks on the surface of the models of the femur and the tibia of the patient. We exploit a group of atlases (expert examples) consisting of multiple triangular meshes for which the defined landmarks have been placed by experts. We transfer identified landmarks from an expert example to the patient mesh by computing an initial coarse global registration with an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm where a curvature constraint serves as a supplementary dimension in order to improve robustness. Adaptive local rigid registrations refine the fit for the projection of reference landmarks onto the surface of the patient mesh. After the patient mesh has been processed with the group of atlases, we compute a definite position for each landmark using an automatic selection of a set of best transferred landmarks. We developed a Web framework for the construction of the 3-D models of the bones of the patient. Our positioning method is implemented in this system. We compare our positioning method against the manual positioning of trained operators and against the results of published scientific works on the domain
Dionne, Patrice. "Biofonctionnalisation de points quantiques pour le suivi de récepteurs synaptiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28940/28940.pdf.
Testo completoArnaud, Elise. "Methodes de filtrage pour du suivi dans des sequences d'images - Application au suivi de points caracteristiques". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00307896.
Testo completoNous proposons d'abord une modelisation originale du probleme. Celle-ci rend les images explicites et permet de construire des algorithmes sans information a priori. Les filtres associes a cette nouvelle representation sont derives sur la base des filtres classiques, en considerant un conditionnement par rapport a la sequence. Il est egalement presente comment ce nouveau schema permet de considerer des modeles simples, pour lesquels la fonction d'importance optimale est disponible.
Ensuite, nous nous interessons a la validation pratique de la modelisation proposee sur une application de suivi de points caracteristiques. Les systemes mis en oeuvre sont entierement estimes sur la sequence. Ils associent des mesures de similarite a une dynamique definie a partir d'un mouvement instantane estime par une methode differentielle robuste. Afin de controler l'importance des differents elements du systeme, les matrices de covariance de bruit des modeles sont estimees. Trois algorithmes de suivi de points sont ainsi construits et valides sur de nombreuses sequences reelles. Enfin, cette approche est etendue au suivi de motifs plans textures. Le modele considere introduit une information geometrique par homographie et amene a un algorithme robuste aux occultations totales.
Arnaud, Elise. "Méthodes de filtrage pour du suivi dans des équences d'images. Application au suivi de points caractéristiques". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10101.
Testo completoPrimet, Maël. "Méthodes probabiliste pour le suivi de points et l'analyse d'images biologiques". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669220.
Testo completoPrimet, Maël. "Méthodes probabilistes pour le suivi de points et l'analyse d'images biologiques". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05S009.
Testo completoThe subject of this thesis is the problem of object tracking, that we approached using statistical methods. The first contribution of this work is the conception of a tracking algorithm of bacterial cells in a sequence of image, to recover their lineage; this work has led to the implementation of a software suite that is currently in use in a research laboratory. The second contribution is a theoretical study of the detection of trajectories in a cloud of points. We define a trajectory detector using the a-contrario statistical framework, which requires essentially no parameter to run. This detector yields remarkable results, and is in particular able to detect trajectories in sequences containing a large number of noise points, while keeping a very low number of false detections. We then study more specifically the correspondence problem between two point clouds, a problem often encountered for the detection of trajectories or the matching of stereographic images. We first introduce a theoretically optimal model for the point correspondence problem that makes it possible to study the performances of several classical algorithms in a variety of conditions. We then formulate a parameterless point correspondence algorithm using the a-contrario framework, that enables us to define a new trajectory tracking algorithm
Sola, Yoann. "Contributions to the development of deep reinforcement learning-based controllers for AUV". Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0015.
Testo completoThe marine environment is a very hostile setting for robotics. It is strongly unstructured, very uncertain and includes a lot of external disturbances which cannot be easily predicted or modelled. In this work, we will try to control an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in order to perform a waypoint tracking task, using a machine learning-based controller. Machine learning allowed to make impressive progress in a lot of different domain in the recent years, and the subfield of deep reinforcement learning managed to design several algorithms very suitable for the continuous control of dynamical systems. We chose to implement the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm, an entropy-regularized deep reinforcement learning algorithm allowing to fulfill a learning task and to encourage the exploration of the environment simultaneously. We compared a SAC-based controller with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller on a waypoint tracking task and using specific performance metrics. All the tests were performed in simulation thanks to the use of the UUV Simulator. We decided to apply these two controllers to the RexROV 2, a six degrees of freedom cube-shaped remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) converted in an AUV. Thanks to these tests, we managed to propose several interesting contributions such as making the SAC achieve an end-to-end control of the AUV, outperforming the PID controller in terms of energy saving, and reducing the amount of information needed by the SAC algorithm. Moreover we propose a methodology for the training of deep reinforcement learning algorithms on control tasks, as well as a discussion about the absence of guidance algorithms for our end-to-end AUV controller
Vincent, Garcia. "Suivi d'objets d'intérêt dans une séquence d'images : des points saillants aux mesures statistiques". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00374657.
Testo completoLa première méthode repose sur l'analyse de trajectoires temporelles de points saillants et réalise un suivi de régions d'intérêt. Des points saillants (typiquement des lieux de forte courbure des lignes isointensité) sont détectés dans toutes les images de la séquence. Les trajectoires sont construites en liant les points des images successives dont les voisinages sont cohérents. Notre contribution réside premièrement dans l'analyse des trajectoires sur un groupe d'images, ce qui améliore la qualité d'estimation du mouvement. De plus, nous utilisons une pondération spatio-temporelle pour chaque trajectoire qui permet d'ajouter une contrainte temporelle sur le mouvement tout en prenant en compte les déformations géométriques locales de l'objet ignorées par un modèle de mouvement global.
La seconde méthode réalise une segmentation spatio-temporelle. Elle repose sur l'estimation du mouvement du contour de l'objet en s'appuyant sur l'information contenue dans une couronne qui s'étend de part et d'autre de ce contour. Cette couronne nous renseigne sur le contraste entre le fond et l'objet dans un contexte local. C'est là notre première contribution. De plus, la mise en correspondance par une mesure de similarité statistique, à savoir l'entropie du résiduel, d'une portion de la couronne et d'une zone de l'image suivante dans la séquence permet d'améliorer le suivi tout en facilitant le choix de la taille optimale de la couronne.
Enfin, nous proposons une implémentation rapide d'une méthode de suivi de régions d'intérêt existante. Cette méthode repose sur l'utilisation d'une mesure de similarité statistique : la divergence de Kullback-Leibler. Cette divergence peut être estimée dans un espace de haute dimension à l'aide de multiples calculs de distances au k-ème plus proche voisin dans cet espace. Ces calculs étant très coûteux, nous proposons une implémentation parallèle sur GPU (grâce à l'interface logiciel CUDA de NVIDIA) de la recherche exhaustive des k plus proches voisins. Nous montrons que cette implémentation permet d'accélérer le suivi des objets, jusqu'à un facteur 15 par rapport à une implémentation de cette recherche nécessitant au préalable une structuration des données.
Calvet, Lilian. "Méthodes de reconstruction tridimensionnelle intégrant des points cycliques : application au suivi d’une caméra". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11901/1/Calvet.pdf.
Testo completoCalvet, Lilian. "Méthodes de reconstruction tridimensionnelle intégrant des points cycliques : application au suivi d'une caméra". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981191.
Testo completoGarcia, Vincent. "Suivi d'objets d'intérêt dans une séquence d'images : des points saillants aux mesures statistiques". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4059.
Testo completoThe problem of object tracking is a problem arising in domains such as computer vision (video surveillance for instance) and cinematographic post-production (special effects). There are two major classes of solution to this problem : region of interest tracking, which indicates a coarse tracking, and space-time segmentation, which corresponds to a precise tracking of the region of interest’s contour. In both cases, the region of interest must be selected beforehand on the first, and possibly on the last image of the video sequence. In this thesis, we propose two tracking methods (one of each type). We propose also a fast implementation of an existing tracking method using the programmation on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The first method is based on the analysis of temporal trajectories of salient points and provides a region of interest tracking. Salient points (typically of point of strong curvature of the isointensity lines) are detected in all the images of the sequence. The trajectories are built by matching salient points of consecutive images whose neighbourhoods are coherent. Our first contribution consists in the analysis of the trajectories on a group of pictures, which improves the motion estimation quality. Moreover, we use a space-time weighting for each trajectory which makes it possible to add a temporal constraint on the movement while taking into account the local geometrical deformations of the object ignored by a global motion model. The second method performs a space-time segmentation. The object contour motion is estimated using the information contained in an outer-layer centered on the object contour. Our first contribution is the use of this outer-layer which contains information about both the background and the object in a local context. The matching using a statistical similarity measure (residual entropy) allows to improve the tracking while facilitating the choice of the optimal size of the crown. Finally, we propose a fast implementation of an existing tracking method of region of interest. This method relies on the use of a statistical similarity measure : the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This divergence can be estimated in a high dimension space using k-th nearest neighbors distance. These calculations being computationally very expensive, we propose a parallel implementation of the exhaustive search of the k-th nearest neighbors using GPU programming (via the programming interface NVIDIA CUDA). We show that this implementation speeds-up the tracking process up to a factor 15 compared to a classical implementation of this search using data structuring methods
Dehais, Christophe. "Contributions pour les applications de réalité augmentée : suivi visuel et recalage 2D. Suivi d'objets 3D représentés par des modèles par points". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7244/1/dehais.pdf.
Testo completoCayla, Denise. "Errance et points de repère chez Wim Wenders : analyse de trois films : Alice dans les villes, Au fil du temps, l'Etat des choses". Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30038.
Testo completoGarcia, Vincent. "Suivi d'objets d'intérêt dans une séquence d`images : des points saillants aux mesures statistiques". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380372.
Testo completoLemonnier, Hippolyte Guillaume. "Des surfaces dont les lignes de courbure sont planes ou sphériques Suivi de Points d'inflexion et points Steiner dans les lignes de troisième ordre /". Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000275_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000275_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
Testo completoGélard, William. "Modélisation 3D et suivi visuel pour caractériser le phénotype de variétés de tournesol". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30207/document.
Testo completoThe constant increasing food and energy demand in the world associated to global warming and climate change issues, pushed the researchs in plant breeding to move towards the improvement of crops performance and development of a more sustainable agriculture. To meet these demands, the effort made by the researchers were focused on the development of high-throughput genotyping methods (i.e., the study of genome sequence of plants) and allowed the biologists to indentified the genotypes of a large amount of plants. Moreover, understanding the relationships that link the genotypes (DNA) to the phenotypes (visual characteristics) that evolve according environmental conditions like: light, water, drought, heat, etc. has become a main issue in agricultural research. While the genotyping methods were rapidly improved and automatized during the last decade, the phenotyping methods remain manual, sometimes destructive and non-replicable. The usual phenotyping methods consist to measure certain visual parameters of a plant such as: main stem heigh, number of leaves, leaf initiation angle or leaf area, but more importantly, be able to follow these parameters along the plant growth. Consequently, the number of plants to harvest is very important and the measurements are extremely time-consuming. The emergence and reliability of new technologies in computer vision and robotic have led the researchers to take an interest in them and to seek how they can be used in plant science. The thesis is focused on the design, development and validation of a high-throughput phenotyping method design for sunflower plant with an eye to amplify phenotyping capacities by Agronomists and Geneticists (and later varieties evaluators and seed producers). The aim is to improve, modernize and automatize the current phenotyping methods as a way to help the plant scientists to collect a large amount of data. Motivated by the wish to perform high-throughput plant phenotyping, we propose a 3D approach to automatically extract visual characteristics of sunflower plants grown in pot. First, a 3D point cloud of a plant is acquired with classical Structure-from-Motion techniques. A segmentation step is then proceeded to retrieve the main stem and the leaves. With the intention of following the visual characteristics during the plant growth, especially, the leaf area expansion rate of each leaf, a labelling step relying on the botanical model of a plant is performed to affect them a unique label that will not change over time. Finally, the visual characteristics are extracted and results obtained on sunflower plants demonstrate the efficiency of our method and make it an encouraging step toward high-throughput plant phenotyping
MAURIZOT, MARIETTE. "Analyse du mouvement fluide 2d dans des sequences d'images numeriques : localisation, caracterisation et suivi des points singuliers". Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10153.
Testo completoParisot, Pascaline. "Suivi d’objets dans des séquences d’images de scènes déformables : de l’importance des points d’intérêt et du maillage 2D". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT012H/document.
Testo completoWe deal with object tracking in videos of non-rigid scenes with two main purposes. We aim at determining the transformations of an object, from one frame to the next, when it may be distorted or moved and when the camera focus may change (movement, zoom...). To do this, we were inspired by the Jurie and Dhome algorithm, which enables the tracking of plane rigid objects. On the one hand, we improve its performance. On the other hand, we generalize it to non-rigid objects. The first goal consists in improving the performance of the Jurie and Dhome algorithm, in terms of accuracy and robustness. The tracking is based on a set of interest points, which has a great effect on the algorithm’s performance. These interest points come from a selection among the points extracted with some common detectors: SIFT, KLT, SUSAN, HARRIS, and MORAVEC.With various pictures classes, we have studied and implemented some selection heuristics based on statistical or algebraic approaches. We show that : • there is no universal detector, • the statistical approach is the best in all cases. The second goal is a proposal of a new tracking algorithm based on a 2D mesh of the video frames. This algorithm generalizes the Jurie and Dhome one for non-rigid scenes. It is based on : • elementary (nodal), direct or inverse, mesh transformations that we geometrically and analytically characterize, • generalized barycentric coordinates to approximate the composition of two mesh transformations. This algorithm gives similar results to the hexagonal matching algorithm of Nakaya and Harashima while being faster
Irrera, Paolo. "Traitement d'images de radiographie à faible dose : Débruitage et rehaussement de contraste conjoints et détection automatique de points de repère anatomiques pour l'estimation de la qualité des images". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0031/document.
Testo completoWe aim at reducing the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) dose limits for images acquired with EOS full-body system by means of image processing techniques. Two complementary approaches are studied. First, we define a post-processing method that optimizes the trade-off between acquired image quality and X-ray dose. The Non-Local means filter is extended to restore EOS images. We then study how to combine it with a multi-scale contrast enhancement technique. The image quality for the diagnosis is optimized by defining non-parametric noise containment maps that limit the increase of noise depending on the amount of local redundant information captured by the filter. Secondly, we estimate exposure index (EI) values on EOS images which give an immediate feedback on image quality to help radiographers to verify the correct exposure level of the X-ray examination. We propose a landmark detection based approach that is more robust to potential outliers than existing methods as it exploits the redundancy of local estimates. Finally, the proposed joint denoising and contrast enhancement technique significantly increases the image quality with respect to an algorithm used in clinical routine. Robust image quality indicators can be automatically associated with clinical EOS images. Given the consistency of the measures assessed on preview images, these indices could be used to drive an exposure management system in charge of defining the optimal radiation exposure
Ait, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif basé région". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932263.
Testo completoAit, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif base région". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2143/.
Testo completoObject segmentation and tracking is a challenging area of ongoing research in computer vision. One important application lies in robotics where the ability to accurately segment an object of interest from its background is crucial and particularly on images acquired onboard during robot motion. Object segmentation technique consists in separating the object region from the image background according to a pre-defined criterion. Object tracking is a process of determining the positions of moving objects in image sequences. Several techniques can be applied to ensure these operations. In this thesis, we are interested to segment and track objects in video sequences using active contour method due to its robustness and efficiency to segment and track non-rigid objects. Active contour method consists in making a curve converge from an initial position around the object to be detected towards this object boundary according to a pre-defined criterion. We employ criteria which depend on the image regions what may impose certain constraints on the characteristics of these regions as a homogeneity assumption. This assumption may not always be verified due to the heterogeneity often present in images. In order to cope with the heterogeneity that may appear either in the object of interest or in the image background in noisy images using an inadequate active contour initialization, we propose a technique that combines local and global statistics in order to compute the segmentation criterion. By using a radius with a fixed size, a half-disk is superposed on each point of the active contour to define the local extraction regions. However, when the heterogeneity appears on both the object of interest and the image background, we develop a new technique based on a flexible radius that defines two half-disks with two different radius values to extract the local information. The choice of the value of these two radii is determined by taking into consideration the object size as well as the distance separating the object of interest from its neighbors. Finally, to track a mobile object within a video sequence using the active contour method, we develop a hybrid object tracking approach based on region characteristics and on motion vector of interest points extracted on the object region. Using our approach, the initial active contour for each image will be adequately adjusted in a way that it will be as close as possible to the actual boundary of the object of interest so that the evolution of active contour based on characteristics of the region will not be trapped by false contours. Simulation results on synthetic and real images validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Pujet, Alphonse Christophe. "Des quadratures Suivi de Sur les mouvements simultanés d'un système de points matériels assujettis à rester constamment dans un plan passant par l'origine des coordonnées /". Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000277_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000277_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
Testo completoHadjou, Tayeb. "Analyse numérique des méthodes de points intérieurs : simulations et applications". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES062.
Testo completoYang, Liming. "Recalage robuste à base de motifs de points pseudo aléatoires pour la réalité augmentée". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0025.
Testo completoRegistration is a very important task in Augmented Reality (AR). It provides the spatial alignment between the real environment and virtual objects. Unlike tracking (which relies on previous frame information), wide baseline localization finds the correct solution from a wide search space, so as to overcome the initialization or tracking failure problems. Nowadays, various wide baseline localization methods have been applied successfully. But for objects with no or little texture, there is still no promising method. One possible solution is to rely on the geometric information, which sometimes does not vary as much as texture or color. This dissertation focuses on new wide baseline localization methods entirely based on geometric information, and more specifically on points. I propose two novel point pattern matching algorithms, RRDM and LGC. Especially, LGC registers 2D or 3D point patterns under any known transformation type and supports multipattern recognitions. It has a linear behavior with respect to the number of points, which allows for real-time tracking. It is applied to multi targets tracking and augmentation, as well as to 3D model registration. A practical method for projector-camera system calibration based on LGC is also proposed. It can be useful for large scale Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR). Besides, I also developed a method to estimate the rotation axis of surface of revolution quickly and precisely on 3D data. It is integrated in a novel framework to reconstruct the surface of revolution on dense SLAM in real-time
Morlot, Thomas. "La gestion dynamique des relations hauteur-débit des stations d'hydrométrie et le calcul des incertitudes associées : un indicateur de gestion, de qualité et de suivi des points de mesure". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU029/document.
Testo completoDealer or owner operator of electricity production structures, EDF is responsible for their operation in safe condition and for the respect of the limits imposed by the regulations. Thus, the knowledge of water resources is one of EDF main concerns since the company remains preoccupied about the proper use of its facilities. The knowledge of streamflow is one of its priorities to better respond to three key issues that are plant safety, compliance with regulatory requirements, and optimizing the means of production. To meet these needs, EDF-DTG (Division Technique Générale) operates an observation network that includes both climatic parameters such as air and temperature, then the precipitations and the snow, but also the streamflow. The data collected allows real time monitoring of rivers, as well as hydrological studies and the sizing of structures. Ensuring the quality of the stream flow data is a priority. Up to now it is not possible to measure continuously the flow of a river since direct measurements of discharge are time consuming and expensive. In common cases the flow of a river can be deduced from continuous measurements of water level. Punctual measurements of discharge called gaugings allow to develop a stage-discharge relationship named rating curve. These are permanently installed equipment on rivers for measuring levels that are called hydrometric station. It is clear that the whole process constitutes an indirect way of estimating the discharge in rivers whose associated uncertainties need to be described. Quantification of confidence intervals is however not the only problem of the hydrometer. Fast changes in the stage-discharge relationship often make the streamflow real time monitoring quite difficult while the needs of continuous high reliability data is obvious. The historical method to produce the rating curve based on a construction from a suffcient number of gaugings chronologically contiguous and well distributed over the widest possible range of discharge remains poorly adapted to fast or cyclical changes of the stage-discharge relationship. The classical method does not take suffciently into account the erosion and sedimentation processes as well as the seasonal vegetation growth. Besides, the ability to perform gaugings by management teams generally remains quite limited. To get the most accurate streamflow data and to improve their reliability, this thesis explores an original dynamic method to compute rating curves based on historical gaugings from a hydrometric station while calculating the associated uncertainties. First, a dynamic rating curve assessment is created in order to compute a rating curve for each gauging of a considered hydrometric station. After the tracing, a model of uncertainty is built around each computed rating curve. It takes into account the uncertainty of gaugings, but also the uncertainty in the measurment of the water height, the sensitivity of the stage discharge relationship and the quality of the tracing. A variographic analysis is used to age the gaugings and the rating curves and obtain a final confidence interval increasing with time, and actualizing at each new gauging since it gives rise to a new rating curve more reliable because more recent for the prediction of discharge to come. Chronological series of streamflow data are the obtained homogeneously and with a confidence interval that takes into consideration the aging of the rating curves. By taking into account the variability of the flow conditions and the life of the hydrometric station, the method can answer important questions in the field of hydrometry such as « How many gauging a year have to be made so as to produce stream flow data with an average uncertainty of X\% ? » and « When and in which range of water flow do we have to realize those gaugings ? »
Jacob, Christel. "Étude de l’effet structurant des éléments d’un jardin thérapeutique sur la navigation dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : apprentissage de trajet et acquisition des connaissances spatiales". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0378.
Testo completoThe originality of this research is to focus on the characteristics of the physical environment and their impact on navigation and spatial memory capabilities. This field, until then little investigated, represents a societal stake for the autonomy and the well-being of the person. In particular, navigation difficulties have been described in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the early stage. However, the physical environment can support individuals' spatial abilities/skills, or, on the contrary, disrupt them.The aim of the present study is to assess the structuring effect of the elements of a real environment rich in landmarks, the “art, memory and life” healing garden of the CHRU of Nancy, on route learning, and on the acquisition of the spatial knowledge, in a population of subjects with AD. Indeed, the spatial organization of this garden has been designed to contribute, among other things, to alleviate the difficulties of these people in terms of spatial cognition.All the elements of the garden have been listed and integrated into a classification inspired by the works of Lynch (1960) and Zeisel and Tyson (1999). Thirty subjects with mild to moderate AD and 30 matched healthy subjects underwent the following protocol: (1) route learning (forward and return trips), during which the verbal description of the route was recorded; (2) a series of tasks assessing the acquisition of spatial knowledge of the garden as well as (3) standard cognitive tests. The speech was transcribed verbatim and subjected to a content analysis.The results show a significant residual route learning ability in the MA group, both on the forward and return trips. The repetition of the route and the richness of the environmental landmarks seem to have contributed to this result. Experimental task performances were cross-checked with discourse analysis and standard cognitive tests. The results highlight a preponderant role of certain characteristics of environmental elements, such as saliency and affordance, on the learning performances of route and spatial memory, and this even more markedly in the subjects of the MA group.The structuring effect of the elements of the environment is discussed on the one hand in healthy older subjects with regard to cognitive processes involved in the navigation and acquisition of spatial knowledge and on the other hand preserved and dysfunctional processes in the course of Alzheimer’s disease
Demarcq, Guillaume. "Le signal monogène couleur : théorie et applications". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583117.
Testo completoBaguet, Sébastien. "Stabilité des structures minces et sensibilité aux imperfections par la Méthode Asymptotique Numérique". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593941.
Testo completoMartin, Lucile. "Contribution à la localisation d'un drone par vision stéréoscopique en intérieur texture". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066472.
Testo completoJezequel, Julie. "Impact of psychotomimetic molecules on glutamatergic N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors surface trafficking". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0232/document.
Testo completoGlutamatergic N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in many physiological processes, and their implication in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders is now well established. Multiple lines of evidence converge towards a dysregulation of the NMDAR in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the molecular and cellular deficits underlying NMDAR dysfunction remain misunderstood. By tightly controlling NMDAR synaptic localization, surface trafficking represents a powerful regulator of synaptic transmission. Could an alteration of NMDAR surface trafficking underlie NMDAR dysfunction and contribute to the emergence of psychotic disorders? To tackle this question, my PhD project aimed at investigating the impact of different psychotomimetic molecules on NMDAR surface trafficking. In the first part of my project, I explored the impact of NMDAR autoantibodies (NMDAR-Ab) from SCZ and healthy subjects. My results revealed that NMDAR-Ab from SCZ patients rapidly disturb NMDAR synaptic trafficking and distribution, through a loss of NMDAR-EphrinB2 receptor interaction, eventually preventing the induction of synaptic plasticity. In the second part of my PhD project, I showed that psychotomimetic NMDAR antagonists also alter NMDAR synaptic mobility and localization. Downregulation of PSD proteins expression prevented NMDAR antagonists-induced deficits, suggesting that such alterations ensue from modifications of NMDAR intracellular interactions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that psychotomimetic molecules profoundly impact NMDAR surface trafficking, supporting a pathogenic role of this unsuspected process in the emergence of psychotic symptoms
Yureidini, Ahmed. "Reconstruction robuste des vaisseaux sanguins pour les simulations médicales interactives à partir de données patients". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010973.
Testo completoTremblay, Mariane. "Points de repère, matières sensibles : pour la contemplation d'un temps éphémère". Thèse, 2012. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2607/1/030571594.pdf.
Testo completoTremblay, Marianne. "Points de repère, matières sensibles : pour la contemplation d'un temps éphémère". Thèse, 2012. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2607/1/030571594.pdf.
Testo completoRacine, Noële. "Loin devant ; suivi de La notion de repère dans la poèsie de Jacques Brault". Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17225.
Testo completoRacine, Jade. "Le cimetière informel de Cobern Street (1750-1827) à Cape Town, Afrique du Sud : ré-examen de sa diversité biologique à l’aide de la morphométrie géométrique". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19269.
Testo completoThe Cape region in South Africa shows unique and high levels of biological diversity, through past and present times. This phenomenon dates back to the colonial period when labour forces came, willingly or not, from three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe. The capetonian population was hence shaped by the encounter and admixture of various groups (slaves, settlers, locals). The Cobern Street historic burial ground (1750-1827) in Cape Town provides a rare bioarchaeological opportunity to study a population affected by slavery in an African context. The diverse origins of the individuals buried there were already explored through funerary archaeology, isotopic analyses, dental morphology and "traditional" craniometry. However, geometric morphometrics, considered as a more precise approach, has not been applied to this population. This project thereby aims to reevaluate the biological affinities of 21 individuals from Cobern Street using a 3D method based on a series of craniofacial landmarks. They were compared to a sample of 479 individuals originating from numerous regions and/or ethnic groups from Africa (West, Central and East Africa; Coloured and Khoisan), Madagascar, Asia (East, Southeast and the Indian subcontinent) and Europe. Three types of multivariate analyses were performed on an intra- and interpopulational scale: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA). All the results confirm the high levels of phenotypic diversity present in the Cobern Street sample. In agreement with historical sources, affinities were observed with groups from Africa (n = 8), Asia (n = 4), Madagascar (n = 2) and the Indian subcontinent (n = 2). The African component was predominant. This fact agrees with traditional craniometry (Ribot et al. 2017), but not with dental morphology which indicated more Asian input (Manyaapelo 2007). Furthermore, by comparing the various data from both geometric morphometrics and isotopic analyses (Cox 1999), at least five individuals were possibly identified as of mixed ancestry because of their very diverse affinities. This study supports the presence in Cape Town, since the 18th century, of an ethnic mosaic already rather complex.