Tesi sul tema "Suicide – prévention et contrôle – France"
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Demesmaeker, Alice. "La morbi-mortalité par suicide : de l'épidémiologie longitudinale à l'évaluation d'un dispositif de prévention". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS014.
Patients with a psychiatric disorder have a decreased life expectancy associated with a high rate of suicide and non-psychiatric diseases. In addition, patients who have attempted suicide (SA) are at particular risk for re-attempt and premature death. First, we tried to identify risk factors for re-attempt with novel statistical approaches. Thus, patients with an alcohol use disorder and with an acute alcohol use during their SA, patients with an anxiety disorder, those who had more than 2 SAs and those who consumed benzodiazepines and/or hypnotics had a high risk of re-attempt.Then, we estimated the rate of death by suicide after SA using a meta-analysis. Our results showed a rate of 2.8% at 1 year. Then, we searched for causes of death in the Vigilans cohort. One year after SA, the most common causes of death were suicide and cardiovascular diseases.Finally, we showed an example of an assessment of a suicide prevention program. We evaluated the effectiveness of training gatekeepers in nursing homes. Our results showed an improvement in knowledge about the suicidal crisis and a decrease in the number of SAs after the training.In conclusion, the reduction of the morbidity and mortality of those who have attempted suicide requires a global management: by suicide prevention, but also by the management of non-psychiatric diseases
Deschenau, Alice. "Prévention du suicide en détention : approche évaluative d'un programme de prévention en maison d'arrêt à partir des vécus et représentations des personnes incarcérées". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20143/document.
National and international studies and reports about preventing suicide in jail have been published, giving information about epidemiology, suicide risk profiles. They also provide prevention measures. More researches are required to improve knowledge of clinical aspects of suicidal behaviors in prison and to evaluate prevention programs. The study consisted in an assessment of 12 measures of a local preventing suicide program. We asked prisoners who had been jailed since one month for an interview. First they had to tell if they knew about the existence of a prevention program. Second, they evaluated the usefulness of each measure in (5 points - Likert scale). They freely explained their choices. We asked them about suicidal ideation’s presence since they had arrived in jail, their urgency degree at D0, D8 and D28, and the factors that contributed to these states. They filled the Reasons for Living Inventory of Linehan (RLIL) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Twenty of the 53 participants have had suicidal thoughts during the first month ; only 15 told they knew there was a suicide prevention program. Eight measures were noted as significantly useful. Four of them obtained a middle score : limitation of hanging points, cell doubling, special monitoring, special protection cell. The search for correlations have found different combinations of links between some measures, the suicidal states, use of the program, the RLIL and psychiatric disorders. We discuss about how psychological tools can be helpful to the evolution of each measure, to the adaptation of the global prevention program. Notably, the prisoners’ participation is in particular proposed. Moreover, preserving speaking time with freedom of expression in the application of the program was expected by the participants. At last, they proposed innovative methods that could serve as a lead for followup works
Cabanes, Christine. "Discours officiel et religieux sur la prévention du sida auprès des jeunes hétérosexuels en France". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M092.
Kopp-Bigault, Céline. "Etude exploratoire des déterminants psychosociaux et psychopathologiques à l'oeuvre dans les phénomènes suicidaires en pays Centre Ouest Bretagne : perspectives pour une prévention du suicide et des tentatives de suicide en pays COB et en Bretagne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG018/document.
The present thesis analyzes the role of psychosocial and psychopathological factors in the abnormally high rate of deaths by suicide in the “Pays COB” territory. It is based on the hypothesis according to which the interactions between the social conceptions of suicide and the personal trajectories hinders suicide prevention. We studied the structure of social representations of suicide (SR) with Vergès’method (double analysis of the evocation rank) and uncover specific SR in Brittany and in “Pays COB”. A study of the life trajectories highlighted the excessive rate of depressions and personality disorders. We also found amoung suicide victims a weak self-esteem, a difficulty to talk and to ask for help, transgenerational and current violent tendencies, an incestual climate and (self-) stigmatization related to the SR of suicide, depression and psychiatric services. A study about the effect of a suicide showed that it has an impact on the close relatives: individual and family psychic trauma, traumatic grief. Following these results, specific actions can be carried out in this territory to improve the prevention of suicide and of suicide attempts
Castanié, Sylvie. "Les positions des Français concernant les politiques de contrôle : alcool, tabac et jeux de hasard et d'argent". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20050.
Introduction: Using a scenario-based technique, this study explored and charted, the positions of the French concerning policies to control tobacco, alcohol and gambling. Method: A sample of 344 adults (including health professionals and lawyers) were polled on the acceptability of the policies of control via a presentation of 54 cases. Each one of them aims at a policy of control relative to potentially addictive consumption (tobacco, alcohol or gambling), including preventive measures, regulation and sanctions. Results: As a result of the typological analysis, eight qualitatively different positions were found. They are presented on a continuum – from total rejection of any policy of control or weak regulation, to favouring strong regulation and severe sanctions. These eight positions are: never acceptable (9%), weak or moderate regulation (5%), moderate regulation associated with strong prevention (11%), moderate or strong regulation (11%), strong regulation with strong prevention (23%), moderate sanctions (9%), severe sanctions (9%) and always favourable (9%). Some participants (14%) are described as « undecided ». These positions were associated with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their political opinions and their consumption habits of potentially addictive products. Conclusion: This study confirms that these practices - smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling - are no longer considered private but rather have come to be seen as public issues. They are viewed as choices made by society, with implications for the overall social order. A majority of participants agree with the regulations currently applied in France. The type of measure preferred by respondents varies according to the product under consideration as well as the respondent's own consumption patterns (e.g. the more the respondent is a consumer of addictive products, the less favourable he / she is to strong control measures). The analysis of the results shows a convergence in the treatment of these areas of consumption. All participants are in favour of prevention, regardless of the product under consideration. In general, participants confirmed an acceptance of strong regulatory measures, especially for gambling, as well as severe penalties with respect to the consumption of alcohol
Fabre, Pascal. "Le contrôle des associations par les mairies françaises : étude comparative portant sur les secteurs sports, culture et prévention de la délinquance". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE0507.
Provost, Laurence. "La lutte contre la peste en France au cours des siècles". Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1005.
Bénard, Victoire. "Étude Multi-Échelles de Profils de Patients avec Risque de Suicide". Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S010.
In the current scientific literature, the studies have been highlighted by a transdiagnostic approach, implementation of clinical, biological and genetic factors, suicidal behavior independent of a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in Axis I or II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Mental Disorders (DSM) (1-3). In addition, the endurance of psychiatric disorder is not discriminating to define certain types of profiles of patients at risk of suicide (4-6). In fact, suicide can affect both people in crisis but it is widely recognized that psychiatric pathologies remain at high risk of suicide, including mood disorders such as bipolar disorder and unipolar depression, and especially with psychotics (7,8). In addition, specific suicide risk factors were found in these different populations (9,10). Thus, with this modern conception of suicide, it seems relevant to study suicidal risk in various suicidal populations, with or without psychiatric problems, and using an epidemiological approach, dynamic with actigraphy, and biological (3, 11 , 12).For this, there are several different assessments of vulnerability of suicide in a transdiagnostic and targeted way in the problems of the united and bi-polar moods
Lehalle, Sandra. "Le contrôle social des établissements de détention : les cas de la France et du Canada". Thèse, Pau, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6782.
Kessentini, Imed. "La prévention et le règlement non juridictionnel des litiges fiscaux : contribution à l'étude des voies de prévention et règlement non juridictionnel des litiges fiscaux en droit fiscal interne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020082.
As part of the ongoing search for the reinforcement of consent to taxation and, more broadly, to legitimize taxing authority action in general, the public authorities have created and accumulated various processes designed to prevent and resolve the amicable settlement oftax disputes in the domestic order. The aim ofthis is this thesis is the study of the roles of modes of prevention and the non-jurisdictional resolution of tax disputes following the public authorities approach which tend to reinforce the taxpayer's situation in its relationship with the tax administration. lt is specifically designed to demonstrate their contribution in the constant process that wishes to establish a relationship of trust between these actors, while revealing their limitations proved in their implementation and the major issues that will face the taxpayer who resorts to them. The first part will be dedicated to present the development of the modes of prevention and amicable resolution of tax disputes to be an expression of the movement toward improvement of the relationship between the taxpayer and the administration. The second part will deal with the limits of these procedures and the conceivable prospects for their improvement, in particular to counter their drawbacks and thereby protecting the taxpayer
Le, Vu Stéphane. "Estimation de l'incidence de l'infection par le VIH en France à l'aide d'un test biologique d'infection récente". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T013.
Knowledge of HIV incidence is essential to provide a timely picture of the HIV epidemie, in arder to target and evaluate prevention efforts. However, current methods of HIV incidence estimation can hardly provide data on current transmission patterns. A new approach based on biological procedures that discriminate recent from long-standing HIV infection has been developed since the mid 1990s. Its major advantage is that it can provide incidence estimates from a single population sample without the need for a longitudinal follow-up. The French national HIV/AIDS case reporting system has included aroutine testing for recent infection since its debut in 2003. The objective of this PhD thesis is to estimate population-based HIV incidence in France by using HIV case reporting data and results from recent infection testing. Its first part is a review of laboratory-based methods for HIV incidence estimation. The second part is dedicated to the calibration of the test for recent infection used in France using a reference sample of population. The third partis giving estimates of population-based HIV incidence in France. Based on this new method applied at a national scale, HIV incidence will be tracked over time in arder to monitor the HIV transmission dynamics in the various risk groups of the population and to better target prevention
Consoloni, Julia-Lou. "Approche intégrative des facteurs biologiques et psychologiques associés au pronostic des troubles de l'humeur". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0615/document.
Mood disorders are frequent and heterogeneous psychiatric illnesses associated to a huge functional, social and economic burden. Different factors such as a higher risk of suicide, the higher frequency of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities are worsening the prognosis of these diseases. Within a preventive approach, it is essential to identify biological, psychological or environmental factors that might influence or predict such prognosis. This thesis focused on major elements of the prognosis of the two main mood disorders: major depression and bipolar disorder. Firstly, using a candidate-gene approach, we have tried to identify a biomarker of suicide risk in patients with a major depressive episode. We have found that SLC6A4 (gene coding for the serotonin transporter protein) mRNA expression levels extracted from the peripheral blood was able to predict the worsening of suicidal ideation in a 30 weeks follow-up. Secondly, we explored the clinical and neuropsychological factors associated to medication adherence in euthymic bipolar patients. The results of our study highlighted that bipolar patients who experienced a higher number of adverse side effects and a smaller number of previous hospitalizations are more likely to be low adherent. Moreover, in the older bipolar patients only, poor executive functioning predicted low adherence
Mbaye, Elhadji Mamadou. "De la contradiction en politiques publiques : l'action publique en direction des migrants vivant avec le VIH/sida en France". Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21021.
The public action among migrants living with Aids is at the crossroads of a social policy and a restrictive policy. The stakeholders in the junction of these two policies are always oblige to take into account the opposite logics if these two policies. Our aim is to analyze the acting of stakeholders in the junction of these two policies. This analyze involve many issues. In the origin and host countries, the bonds between these two policies question's the migration of patients living with AIDS in search of the last therapeutic projections or treatments essential to their survival. In the countries of origin particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, the link between health and migration question's the push factors of "health tourism". The social and political contexts in those countries encourage people to leave their own countries. Some of them know their Aids status before leaving their countries but a lot of them ascertain their Aids status in host countries. What is the scope of health tourism concerning Aids in France? Who are these patients who emigrate (statute, sex, level of studies. . . ) which is the place of health in their migration project? In the host countries the arrival of foreign patients living with Aids in efficient health. Systems but nevertheless in crisis, also question's the Universalist aiming of the health system particularly in France. These issues and the debates which they cause are often put, at the political agenda by politicians, in terms of costs of their health care and the increase of the number of new recipients in medical benefits. On the level of the implementation of the policy against Aids, the issue of migrants living with Aids also question's the working and logics of the health services witch are not adapted to these immigrant populations in terms of cultural and social issues? Which are the problems raised by health care of migrants living with Aids in the France? Which are the strategies and programs implemented to improve health care among migrants living with AIDS? The inscription on the political agenda of the issue of migrants living with AIDS and in precarious situation, requires an important social and medical treatment? How this specific care is organized in hospitals? How the social professionals are integrated in care for migrants living with AIDS? Which are the resources mobilized for this socio-medical care? The care of migrants asks also the question of cultural dimensions of health care among these populations. Some organizations recruit cultural mediators to improve the health care of migrants. How those professionals are integrated in health services? Which are their roles? ln this context of development of immigration policy control, the health and AIDS sector seems to escape from the restrictions of foreigners rights
Bonnet, François. "La production organisée de l'ordre : contrôler des gares et des centres commerciaux à Lyon et à Milan". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0034.
This work addresses the issues of security, social control and focuses on the problem of the production of order in urban spaces sucha as railway stations and shopping centers. Which actors follow which security policies towards which social groups and why ? The answer is based on fieldwork carried out in four sites : two railway stations and two shopping centers in Lyon and Milan. The thesis is therefore organized around three problems. The first problem is that of the actors of the production of order and and the stakes which animate the definition of the security policies and they implement. The second problem is that of the power relationships on each space. The third problem is that of the relationship between the production of order and immigration. In Lyon and Milan, in both shopping centers and both railway stations, the population considered as threatening by the police and commercial stakeholders are invariably the immigrants in Italy and the children of immigrants in France
Fassier, Christian. "Travail policier en commissariat : épreuves psychiques et dégagements". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC020.
In French Police the number of suicides among policemen (50 in 2017, probably more than 55 in 2019) is one of the most enlightening revealers of the actual policeman social unrest. Based on the activity analysis, the research conveys on process behind suicide acting out of some policemen. In Police institution, with a strong historical culture, it could be noticed a double regulation : control regulation and autonomous regulation, with a lack of dialogue between both. While that the job transmission is realized in the field activity and that an old hand role is essential for well-done work. Today it could be observe a deficiency of job rules development and debate. The norm production would be a condition of social integration, which is, itself, a condition of acting power and of suicide risk prevention. A crisis linked with the discovery by policemen of powerlessness and vulnerability feelings, is arousing a strong collective anxiety for the majority, and anguish until mental distress for some. The majority fight this unrest, by strategies of disengagement like operational retreat, tactics accommodation or deviancy. Process by collective narration and practical rules formulation are encountered in rare teams, where is visible a well-being status at work. Occupational psychology will contribute to fund a primary prevention by developing necessary conditions to a regulation activity in work debate spaces, social integration will be maintained for all
Meerpoël, Matthieu. "L'évolution du cadre juridique du déclenchement de l'action publique préventive dans le domaine des risques naturels et technologiques". Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20017.
Preventive management of natural and technological hazards is a major issue for state authorities, in regards to the people, property and the environment or in regards to the cost represented by the realization of such risks. Therefore, policy makers legally bound to protect these interests are required to initiate a preventive public action after evaluating and qualifying the risks. The level of hazard and the appropriateness and proportionality of preventive measures will be determined within a complex decision-making process. The policymakers then strive to reach the best possible compromise between freedom and security objectives within the framework of a delicate cost/benefit analysis. The law attempts to regulate this decision-making process by leaving a large and necessary margin of discretion to the public policy makers in determining the acceptability of the risk. This thesis will explore the process to reach this compromise, and in particular how the law governs it, manages this delicate issue and potentially controls the endorsed decisions
Jestin, Kevin. "La notion d'abus de convention fiscale : réflexions à la lumière des droits français et américain". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0461.
Contemporary international fiscal law is undergoing a period of upheavals regarding the use of tax treaties. The research will lead to an interest in the different type of abuse that, thanks to the work devoted by the BEPS, are under the spotlight. It was necessary to shed some new light on the notion of tax treaty abuse that had long remained in the background. Faced with the absence of an unanimously adopted approach, many characteristics will be highlighted by insisting on the functional dimension of the notion which follows the form of a standard. In the context of a comparative analysis conducted in the light of French and American law, the object of the research is to analyse its several aspects from a new perspective by defining precisely the modalities of controlling abusive schemes. How judges deal with tax treaty avoidance strategies will be analysed. The various internal and international anti-abuses mechanisms will be discussed, highlighting the points of divergence and convergence of U.S. and French tax treaty policies. Attention will be paid to the conflicts of law regarding the juxtaposition of different tax order. The idea that under the effect of the multilateral instrument the notion of tax treaty abuse has acquired a distinct individuality will be defended. It will be important to specify what are the consequences for the application of the notion by the French judge
Gagné, Marie-Pier. "L'effet des législations canadiennes entourant le contrôle des armes à feu sur les homicides et les suicides". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7412.