Tesi: "Suicidal thoughts and behaviours"

1

Miranda, Mendizabal Andrea 1987. "Suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adolescents and young adults : disentangling the role of gender and sexual orientation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668813.

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Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds. Male youths have higher risk for suicide compared to females, whereas females are at greater risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Mental disorders have been identified as one of the strongest predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). Among youth, sexual minority (LGB) individuals are a high-risk subpopulation for STB. Evidence about suicide risk and whether there are possible mechanisms by which some factors increase or diminish the risk according to gender or sexual orientation is scarce. The general aim of this thesis is to provide new evidence about the risk for STB and potential risk and protective factors for STB among adolescents/young adults; and how these vary according to gender and sexual orientation. To achieve this aim, we carried out a systematic review of the literature, followed by a meta-analysis, and analysed empirical data from a cohort study (UNIVERSAL: University and Mental Health) of Spanish university students. The results show that female adolescents/young adults are at greater risk for suicide attempts compared to males. As already well known through information provided by vital statistics registries, males are at higher risk for suicide. Risk and protective factors for STB differ by gender. Internalising disorders and interpersonal difficulties increase the risk among females, while externalizing disorders, hopelessness and some stressful life events (e.g. death of any of the parents) increase the risk for males. In addition, family and peer support are found to be protective factors for suicidal ideation, but only among females. LGB youth have higher risk for STB compared to heterosexuals. This risk is mediated by childhood maltreatment, bullying and a previous history of any mental disorders. Perceived sexual orientation discrimination increases the risk for any mental disorder, which, in turn, carries risk for suicidal ideation. This thesis has provided new evidence on a wide range of individual and community risk and protective factors for STB among adolescents and young adults, and has detected important differences across gender and sexual orientation with regard to STB risk. These results suggest that there is a need to combine preventive strategies focusing on individual risk factors (e.g. early diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders) with those with a public health population-level risk prevention approach (e.g. reinforcing community protective factors), as well as to consider the specific needs of high-risk groups.
El suicidio es la segunda causa principal de muerte entre los jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. Los hombres jóvenes tienen un mayor riesgo de suicidio en comparación con las mujeres, mientras que las mujeres tienen un mayor riesgo de ideación suicida e intentos de suicidio. Los trastornos mentales se han identificado como uno de los predictores más importantes de los pensamientos y la conducta suicida. Entre los jóvenes, los gais, lesbianas y bisexuales (LGB) son una subpoblación de alto riesgo para los pensamientos y la conducta suicida. La evidencia sobre el riesgo de suicidio y los posibles mecanismos por los cuales algunos factores aumentan o disminuyen el riesgo según el género o la orientación sexual es escasa. El objetivo general de esta tesis es proporcionar nueva evidencia sobre el riesgo de los pensamientos y la conducta suicida y sus posibles factores de riesgo y protección en los adolescentes/adultos jóvenes; y cómo estos varían según el género y la orientación sexual. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, seguida de un meta-análisis y se analizaron datos empíricos de un estudio de cohorte (UNIVERSAL: Universidad y Salud Mental) de estudiantes universitarios españoles. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres adolescentes/adultas jóvenes tiene mayor riesgo de intentos de suicidio en comparación con los hombres. Como se conoce a través de la información proporcionada por los registros de estadísticas de mortalidad, los hombres tienen mayor riesgo de suicidio. Los factores de riesgo y protección para los pensamientos y la conducta suicida difieren según el género. Los trastornos mentales internalizantes y las dificultades interpersonales aumentan el riesgo entre las mujeres, mientras que los trastornos externalizantes, la desesperanza y algunos eventos vitales estresantes (p. ej. la muerte de cualquiera de los padres) aumentan el riesgo en los hombres. Además, el apoyo familiar y de los pares son factores protectores para la ideación suicida, pero solo entre las mujeres. Los jóvenes LGB tienen un mayor riesgo de pensamientos y conducta suicida en comparación con los heterosexuales. Este riesgo está mediado por el maltrato infantil, el bullying y los antecedentes de cualquier trastorno mental. La discriminación debida a la orientación sexual aumenta el riesgo de cualquier trastorno mental, lo que, a su vez, conlleva un mayor riesgo de ideación suicida. Esta tesis proporciona nueva evidencia sobre una amplia gama de factores de riesgo y protección a nivel individual y comunitario para los pensamientos y la conducta suicida en los adolescentes/adultos jóvenes, y ha identificado diferencias importantes de acuerdo al género y la orientación sexual en el riesgo de los pensamientos y la conducta suicida. Los resultados sugieren que es necesario combinar estrategias preventivas centradas en factores de riesgo individuales (p. ej. Diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento de los trastornos mentales) con aquellas con un enfoque de salud pública y de prevención a nivel poblacional (p. ej. Reforzar los factores protectores a nivel de la comunidad), así como considerar las necesidades específicas de los grupos de alto riesgo.

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2

Kavalidou, Aikaterini. "The role of physical and mental health multimorbidity in the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30677/.

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Background: The effects of physical illness and psychiatric disorders have been extensively investigated in fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour. Although different study designs have focused on the independent roles of physical and mental illness in suicidality, few studies have examined the relationship between co-occurring physical and mental health conditions (multimorbidity) and suicide risk. Considering the paucity of research, the present doctoral programme of research aimed to investigate if populations with physical/mental multimorbidity have an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours, compared to those with neither physical nor mental health conditions, and further investigate if this effect is stronger than either of the health conditions alone. Methods: Based on the well-established terms of comorbidity and multimorbidity, the effect of co-occurring health conditions in the risk of suicidality was investigated by undertaking an overview of reviews and a systematic review. Four empirical studies of existing datasets were conducted in order to explore if suicidality (suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts) varies as a function of physical/mental multimorbidity. Two national mental health surveys from the United Kingdom (National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2000, n = 8575; Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007, n = 7389) and one cohort study carried out in Scotland (West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, n = 4510) were used and both cross-sectional and prospective study designs were employed. Results: Findings indicated that those with physical/mental multimorbidity are more likely to have suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide, compared to those with neither physical nor mental health conditions. The results were consistent: having both physical and mental health conditions did not increase risk of suicidal thoughts or attempts, beyond the risk conferred by mental illness alone. Having only physical health conditions was not associated with either suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts. Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest a potential risk of suicidality for populations with physical/mental multimorbidity. Although multimorbidity was a predictor of suicidality, it did not increase the risk of any suicide-related outcome more than mental health conditions alone. The current findings highlight that health care professionals should focus on populations who have reached services for non-mental health issues, but subsequently develop mental illness, as this pattern of multimorbidity could potentially be a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Further research is needed to better understand the risk of suicide in individuals with physical/mental multimorbidity.

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3

Wilson, Coralie Joy. "Help-negation for suicidal thoughts in sub-clinical samples of young people". Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20041020.142725.

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4

Nichols, Erica. "Explaining the Relationship Between Borderline Personality Features and Suicidal Ideation". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699872/.

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Researchers have previously identified substance use and borderline personality disorder as factors that increase risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study explored the relationship between these factors in samples of students and individuals seeking outpatient treatment. Supplemental data collected via the internet (MTurk) also looked at experiential avoidance (EA) with the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Scale for Suicide Ideation, and Personality Assessment Inventory- Borderline Features Scale elicited information regarding severity and/or frequency of substance use, suicidal thoughts, and borderline features respectively. Additionally, the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire was administered to the UNT sample. The UNT sample analyses indicate substance use moderates, strengthening, the relationship between borderline features and current suicidal thoughts. However, severity of suicidal thoughts was lower for individuals high in both borderline features and substance use disorder symptoms compared to those low in borderline features and high in substance use symptoms. The MTurk sample analyses suggest substance use functions as a mediator. A robust relationship existed between substance use severity and EA, showing substance use as a behavioral marker for EA. In conclusion, concurrent treatment of substance use and borderline personality features would be beneficial in reducing risk for suicidal thoughts. Further investigation into the role and utility of addressing EA is warranted.

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5

Ahuja, Manik, Manul Awasthi, Kathie Records e Rabindra Raj Lamichhane. "Early Age of Alcohol Initiation and its Association with Suicidal Behaviors". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8842.

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Objective: The relationship between alcohol use and suicidal behaviors is well-accepted, but less is known about the contribution of its early initiation. This study was designed to test the association of early alcohol initiation versus later initiation with suicidal ideation and attempt in an ethnically diverse sample. Methods: The Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001-2003 (n = 20,013), database was used. A total of 13,867 participants were selected included 56.9% females and 43.1% males. Race and ethnicity were reported as 28.8% non-Hispanic White, 39.1% Black, 20.3% Latino, and 11.9% Asian. Logistic regression analyses tested the associations between early (< =14 years) and later (> =15) age alcohol initiation with suicide ideation and attempts. Alcohol initiation was indexed by self-report of the first time that any alcohol product was consumed. Potential confounders were controlled. Results: Early alcohol initiation was associated with higher odds (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI [2.51, 5.28]) of suicide ideation as compared with adults who had initiated > = age 15 (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI [1.46, 3.04]). Early age initiation was also associated with higher odds (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI [2.02, 7.18]) of lifetime suicide attempt versus later age initiators (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.08, 3.79]). Significant differences were found between early and later age of initiation. Conclusion: Early age of alcohol initiation has profoundly increased odds of suicide ideation or attempt. It is critical that effective prevention programs for children and their caregivers be implemented to prevent or delay alcohol initiation and lessen the risk for future suicidal behaviors.

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Thomas, Anisha L. "Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior among Black College Students: Examining the Impact of Distress Tolerance and Social Support on Suicidality". TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1531.

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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of distress tolerance in suicidality among Black college students. It was hypothesized that (1) individuals with low levels of distress tolerance would report higher levels of suicide ideation; (2) individuals with high levels of distress tolerance would report greater suicide attempts; (3) social support would moderate the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide ideation; (4) social support would moderate the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide attempts; and that (5) family and peer support would act as distinct buffers against suicidality. These hypotheses were tested by surveying 47 undergraduate university students (female = 49%; mean age = 22.45). Participants completed packets with self-report measures that included: the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Distress Tolerance Scale, the Child and Adolescent Social Support, and demographics. Results suggested that individuals with low levels of distress tolerance showed greater history of self-harm behavior when compared to individuals with high levels of distress tolerance. Results indicated that social support moderated the relationship between distress tolerance level and history of self-harm behaviors. Results also indicated that family support acted as significant protective factor against suicidality.

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Bauder, Christina Rose. "“We are not Minorities, we have been Minoritized”: Exploring sexual violence and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Ohio youth with oppressed identities using the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey". The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618490257273101.

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8

Blasco, Cubedo Maria Jesús. "Pensamientos y conductas suicidas en universitarios españoles : frecuencia, factores de riesgo y de protección". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666205.

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El objetivo general de esta tesis es estudiar la frecuencia (prevalencia, incidencia y persistencia) de los pensamientos y conductas suicidas entre los universitarios españoles, así como aportar evidencia sobre su asociación con una amplia gama de factores de riesgo y protección. Presentamos los resultados de las encuestas en línea basal (T1) y de seguimiento 12 meses (T2) del proyecto de investigación UNIVERSAL “Universidad y Salud Mental”, del que se han analizado 2.118 estudiantes de primer año de 5 universidades españolas. La prevalencia a los 12 meses es del 9,9% para idea suicida, 5,6% plan y 0,6% intento. La incidencia a los 12 meses de idea suicida por primera vez en la vida es del 3,2%; y la persistencia del 21,2% de los casos con ideas suicidas previas. El principal factor asociado con la idea suicida es la presencia de un posible trastorno del estado de ánimo los últimos 12 meses, junto con: psicopatología de los padres, haber sufrido maltrato emocional o negligencia en la infancia o sufrir una agresión sexual o violación. Las relaciones positivas en la infancia y el sentido de pertenencia a la universidad se asociaron con una menor presencia de idea suicida. Los resultados de esta tesis señalan una elevada prevalencia e incidencia de pensamientos y conductas suicidas en universitarios de primer año en España. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de llevar a cabo estrategias de motorización y prevención dirigidas a tanto a los estudiantes con posibles trastornos del estado de ánimo como al conjunto de la población de universitarios de primer año.
The main objective of this thesis is to assess the frequency (prevalence, incidence and persistence) of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Spanish university students, as well as to provide evidence about their association with a wide range of risk and protective factors. Baseline (T1) and 12-month follow-up (T2) online surveys data from the UNIVERSAL research project "University and Mental Health" were used for this thesis. A total of 2,118 first-year students from 5 Spanish universities were analyzed. Prevalence at 12 months is 9.9% for suicidal ideation, 5.6% for plan and 0.6% for attempt. 12-month first-onset incidence is 3.2%; and persistence of suicidal ideation among those with previous suicidal ideation is 21.2%. The main factor associated with suicidal ideation is presence of a possible mood disorder in the previous 12 months, along with: parents’ psychopathology, having suffered emotional abuse or neglect in childhood, or suffering a sexual assault or rape. Positive childhood relationships and a higher sense of university membership are associated with a lower likelihood of suicidal ideation. Results from this thesis show that there is a high prevalence and incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among first-year Spanish university students. These results suggest to the need to carry out motorization and prevention strategies focused on students with mood disorders as well as on the entire population of first-year university students

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9

Karasouli, Eleni. "Suicidal behaviours and physical illness". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522952.

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Cheung, Yee-tak. "Suicidal behaviours among illicit drug users". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39556992.

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11

張懿德 e Yee-tak Cheung. "Suicidal behaviours among illicit drug users". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39556992.

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12

Mudry, Amandine. "Facteurs de risque associés aux idéations suicidaires au travail : exemple chez les vétérinaires français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC032.

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De quelle manière le travail influence-t-il la suicidalité des individus ? La littérature cherche à répondre à cette question en explorant les traits de personnalité, en mesurant l’impact des stresseurs professionnels, ou encore en investiguant l’effet déclencheur des événements de leur vie personnelle. La part relative de ces facteurs n’est que rarement identifiée. La plupart de ces études sont athéoriques et de nature transversale, ce qui ne permet pas d’établir des liens de causalité, ou de saisir la dynamique temporelle des processus. La présente thèse vise à identifier la part des différents facteurs de risque : stresseurs professionnels, burnout, événements de vie négatifs hors-travail et facteurs de personnalité, séparément et conjointement, pour mesurer leur effet respectif sur les idéations suicidaires d’un groupe professionnel, celui des vétérinaires français. Une méthodologie exploratoire a été utilisée. Nous avons tout d’abord mené une pré-enquête qualitative par entretiens auprès de 39 vétérinaires français dans le but d’identifier les stresseurs et les ressources de leur pratique, de questionner leur état de santé perçu, ainsi que leur suicidalité. Puis nous avons réalisé une étude quantitative longitudinale de 33 mois en trois temps de collecte par auto-questionnaire. Celle-ci avait pour premier objectif de mesurer les stresseurs perçus par les vétérinaires (Vet-SQ), le burnout (MBI-GS), les facteurs de personnalité (addiction au travail et évaluations fondamentales de soi) et les événements de vie rencontrés en dehors du travail. Le second objectif consistait à mesurer l’impact respectif et conjoint de ces différentes variables sur les idéations suicidaires transversales et longitudinales des vétérinaires. Deux théories psychosociales du suicide, la théorie Défaite-Piège, et la Théorie Interpersonnelle du Suicide ont également été mobilisées pour tester leur pouvoir prédicteur sur les idéations suicidaires au travail. Les résultats montrent que les vétérinaires sont particulièrement vulnérables aux idéations suicidaires. Les analyses factorielles révèlent 8 stresseurs professionnels : la surcharge de travail, l’exposition à la négligence des propriétaires, les exigences émotionnelles de la profession, les inquiétudes financières, les conflits entre collègues, la peur des erreurs professionnelles, la peur d’être blessé au travail, et le fait d’avoir un travail morcelé. Ces stresseurs prédisent 14 % de la variance des idéations suicidaires concomitantes des vétérinaires (n = 3324), et 10 % de leurs idéations suicidaires à 33 mois (n = 289). Le burnout médiatise partiellement l’effet des stresseurs professionnels sur les idéations suicidaires. Les théories du suicide expliquent conjointement 31 % de la variance des idéations suicidaires ultérieures. L’effet de la crainte de commettre des erreurs médicales engendre chez les vétérinaires des sentiments de défaite, de piège, de fardeau et d'appartenance contrariée, expliquant l’apparition d’idéations suicidaires ultérieures. Les événements de vie négatifs hors du travail ont également un effet significatif sur les idéations suicidaires concomitantes et à distance dans le temps. L’analyse du rapport au travail des vétérinaires a permis d’identifier des profils d’addiction associés aux idéations suicidaires, les travailleurs workaholiques étant les plus affectés. Les évaluations fondamentales de soi prédisent également les idéations suicidaires à T1 et à T3. L’étude de l’effet conjoint des variables sur les idéations suicidaires à distance montre un effet prépondérant des évaluations fondamentales. Ces résultats conduisent à redéfinir la place des évaluations fondamentales de soi, qui témoignent d’une image de soi impactée par l’effet des stresseurs du travail, à l’origine d’idéations suicidaires ultérieures. L’ensemble de ces processus permet donc de mieux appréhender l’effet des variables liées au travail sur les idéations suicidaires des vétérinaires
Abstract : How does work influence individuals' suicidality? Literature typically seeks to answer this question by exploring personality traits, by measuring the impact of occupational stressors, or investigating the triggering effects of personal life events. However, the relative contribution of these factors is rarely identified. Most of the studies are atheoretical and cross-sectional, which limits the comprehension of causal links and fails to capture the temporal dynamics of these processes.Considering this context, we designed the present thesis to identify the contribution of various risk factors: occupational stressors, burnout, negative life events, and personality traits, both separately and jointly, to measure their respective effects on the suicidal ideations of a professional group - namely, French veterinarians.An exploratory methodology was employed. First, we conducted a preliminary qualitative study through interviews with 39 French veterinarians, to identify the stressors and resources of their practice, assess their perceived health, and inquire about their suicidality. Subsequently, we carried out a longitudinal quantitative study over 33 months, comprising three data collection stages by online self-questionnaires. The first objective was to measure the stressors perceived by veterinarians (Vet-SQ), burnout (MBI-GS), personality factors (work addiction and core self-evaluations), and negative life events. The second objective was to measure the respective and joint impacts of these variables on the veterinarians' cross-sectional and longitudinal suicidal ideations. Two psychosocial theories of suicide, the Defeat-Entrapment Theory and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, were also chosen to test their predictive power on suicidal ideations at work.Consistent with the literature, the results indicate that veterinarians are particularly affected by suicidal ideations. Factorial analyses revealed eight occupational stressors: workload and its effect on work-life imbalance, exposure to neglect and abuse from animal owners, emotional demands of the profession, financial worries, colleague conflicts, fear of making professional mistakes, fear of being harmed at work, and experiencing fragmented work.These stressors, particularly perceived workload overload and fear of professional mistakes, account for 14% of the variance in concurrent suicidal ideations among veterinarians (n = 3,324) and 10% of their suicidal ideations at 33 months (n = 289). Burnout (emotional exhaustion and cynicism) partially mediates the effect of occupational stressors on suicidal ideations, highlighting one of the processes by which work stress contributes to their suicidality.The suicide theories jointly explain 31% of the variance in subsequent suicidal ideations. The fear of making medical errors leads veterinarians to experience feelings of defeat, entrapment, burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness, which chronologically explains the emergence of subsequent suicidal ideations.Negative life events (changes in mental health status, conflicts and relationship breakups, and threatened physical integrity) also have a significant effect on both concurrent and distant suicidal ideations (33 months).Veterinarians' relationship to work revealed profiles of work addiction, which are linked to their suicidal ideations, with workaholics’ veterinarians being the most affected. Core self-evaluations also predict suicidal ideations at T1 and T3.The study of the joint effect of all variables on distant suicidal ideations reveals a predominant effect of fundamental self-evaluations. These results necessitate a redefinition of the role of these self-evaluations, which reflect a self-image impacted by the effects of workplace stressors, leading to subsequent suicidal ideations.Overall, these processes contribute to a better understanding of the impact of work-related stressors on veterinarians' suicidal ideations

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Torraville, Margaret Ann. "Adolescent suicidal behaviours : a phenomenological study of mothers' experiences /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62436.pdf.

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14

Quigley, Jody. "The social norms of suicidal and self-harming behaviours". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24847.

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Background and Aims: The current thesis explored whether the social norms approach might be applicable to suicidal and self-harming behaviours (SSHBs). A thorough literature review and three empirical studies were conducted. The review indicated that children's and adolescents' SSHBs appear to be related to SSHB in people they know, but the literature assumed accurate knowledge of others' behaviour, and individual behaviours and reference groups were not always well-defined. Study 1: A social norms survey indicated that undergraduate students tend to believe that those close to them are less likely to engage in SSHBs than they reported doing, but that more distal groups are more likely to do so. Proximal groups were also perceived as less likely to approve of SSHBs. Perceived proximal group norms tended to predict reported norms directly, while perceived distal group norms tended to show negative associations with reported norms. Study 2: Similar results were found in an adolescent social norms survey, with proximal groups perceived as less likely to engage in and approve of SSHBs, and distal groups perceived as more likely to do so. Conversely, close friends' norms were perceived similarly to distal group norms. Perceived norms again predicted reported norms, with close friends' norms showing particular importance. Study 3: The final study used qualitative methods to explore the beliefs and experiences behind undergraduates' normative perceptions. A range of knowledge, experience, judgements, and perceived causes, motivations and outcomes of SSHBs were identified, and conceptualisation was complex and often contradictory. Social desirability appeared to impact reported attitudes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the social norms approach may well be applicable to SSHB, but in different ways to behaviours previously studied. Consideration of target population, reference group and moral/ethical judgements of SSHB is imperative. Implications for the development of theory and directions for further research are discussed.

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Dykxhoorn, Jennifer. "Early Life Predictors of Adolescent Suicidality". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32083.

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Background: Suicidal thoughts affect 12% of Canadian adolescents. Previous research has linked many factors to suicidality but has not considered how these factors may act together or their effect on non-mental health outcomes. Methods: I used the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth to construct predictive models for suicidal thinking. Recursive partitioning models were constructed and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for suicidal thoughts and secondary outcomes was calculated. I tested the models in the Avon Longitudinal Survey of Parents and Children. Results: Predictive model sensitivity was 24.2%, specificity was 89.8%, PPV was 24.7%, and NPV was 89.5% and had similar accuracy in the second dataset. The models were better at predicting other adverse outcomes compared to suicidal ideas. Conclusion: Exposure to multiple risk factors is predictive of several poor outcomes in adolescence including suicidal thoughts.

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Chundu, Mwanja. "Perceived parenting style and suicidal/Non-suicidal self-Injury in students at the University of Cape Town". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33601.

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Background: Low- and middle-income countries like South Africa carry the greatest suicide burden, with local general population suicide attempt rates of 2.9–22.7%, in comparison to 0.7–9% in international literature. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) commonly co-occurs with suicidal behaviours and estimates range from 5.5% internationally to 19.4% in South Africa. As a subgroup of the general population, university students are at higher risk both of suicidal behaviours and NSSI (S/NSSI). Risk factors for S/NSSI include parenting style; however, very little is known about the relationship between parenting styles and S/NSSI in university students in the South African context. Objectives: In this dissertation we set out to perform a literature review relating to explanatory models and risk factors associated with S/NSSI and then proceeded to collect novel data from students at the University of Cape Town. This research study aimed to describe the rates of S/NSSI behaviours and to explore the relationship between the Baumrind parenting style typography and S/NSSI in university students. The study hypothesised that authoritative parenting would negatively correlate with S/NSSI. No a priori hypotheses were made about the other parenting styles investigated. Methods: In chapter 1, we performed a literature review of peer-reviewed publications on Pubmed, Psychinfo via EBSCOHost and MEDLINE via EBSCOHost identified through search terms that were relevant to the focus of the study. In chapter 2 novel data were collected. Students from all faculties at the University of Cape Town were invited to complete an anonymous, online electronic survey. Data collection included a socio-demographic questionnaire, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and Self-Harming Behaviours Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics quantified parenting styles, suicidal behaviours and NSSI. Spearman's correlation coefficients examined the association between parenting style and S/NSSI. Results: Literature review provided a topline review of explanatory models and risk factors associated with S/NSSI and identified relevant literature about parenting styles using the Baumrind typology. In the electronic survey of university students, the rate of suicidal attempts was 6.3% and of NSSI was 22.7%. Suicide threats, suicidal thoughts, and thoughts of dying were reported by 5.9%, 35.7% and 50.7% respectively. No significant differences were seen between male and female students. We observed no significant association between authoritative parenting and suicidal behaviours, but authoritative mothers and fathers were significantly associated with a history of NSSI. Both permissive mothers and fathers were associated with suicide attempts, threats, and thoughts, whereas only permissive mothers were associated with NSSI. Conclusion: This study replicated previously reported high rates of S/NSSI in South African university students in comparison to general population and international data. Contrary to our hypothesis, authoritative parenting style was positively correlated with NSSI, but not with suicidal behaviours. Further studies are warranted to examine parenting style, and permissive parenting, in particular, in relation to S/NSSI

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Mackenzie, J. M. "Researching suicidal behaviours by offenders serving community based sentences : a near-lethal approach". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9961w/researching-suicidal-behaviours-by-offenders-serving-community-based-sentences-a-near-lethal-approach.

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Suicide, a global problem, affects individuals from diverse backgrounds. Higher at-risk groups include vulnerable populations, such as offenders and prisoners. Most suicide research focuses on prisoners with little focus on probation populations. The lived experiences of probation clients who have made suicide attempts has not previously been explored. Furthermore, research on experiences of probation staff managing suicidal offenders is limited. Consequently, the current research explored the experiences of probation clients who made near-lethal attempts, as well as the experiences of staff managing these clients, and strategies to prevent suicide. Study 1 explored probation staff experiences of managing suicidal clients through in-depth interviews. Findings indicate that staff felt inadequate in managing these issues, but training and experience facilitated better management techniques. Studies 2a & 2b explored the perspective of individuals serving probation sentences who had made near-lethal attempts. Findings suggest that the suicidal state was experienced in relation to perceived loss of control, which often related to their probation process. Clients felt that non-judgmental listening prevented suicide attempts. However, disclosure was sometimes unlikely due to a fear of being judged or lacking trust in others. Study 3 employed 3-6 month follow-up interviews to explore changes in clients’ perspectives. Findings suggest that following reflection on their attempts, clients’ time perception fluctuated. For example, time leading up to the attempt was perceived as slow whilst the actual attempt was quick and impulsive, and following the attempt time slowed down. This slowness in time prior to the suicide attempt could be an opportunity for interventions. Findings highlight the need for extra support regarding negative coping strategies in order to prevent offending and suicide. Moreover, clients receiving support for their suicidal feelings and maladaptive coping mechanisms did not make further attempts. Study 4 compared the experiences and views of probation clients with staff. Findings demonstrate similar views in terms of when and why suicides occur, and what can be done to prevent suicide. However, poor communication between the two parties was a barrier to suicide management. The unique contribution of this program of research lies in its understanding of suicide from the perspectives of probation clients who have experienced it; providing unique understandings about clients at high risk of suicide, ways of preventing suicide, and what barriers exist for clients who need help.

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18

McGirr, Alexander. "The role of impulsive and impulsive aggressive behaviours in the risk for suicide and the familial transmission of suicidal behaviours /". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116037.

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One of the most difficult and serious challenges facing the mental health professional is the prevention of suicide. Efficient prevention, however, depends on early detection of patients at risk for suicidal behaviour, which in turn depends on a better understanding of the predisposing factors. Over the last years, based on a large volume of data, it has become increasingly clear that subjects who commit suicide present high levels of impulsive and impulsive-aggressive behaviours.
In the first approach, we investigate whether levels of the impulsive aggressive diathesis were more important in suicide occurring at different life stages. In the second, we investigate whether levels of the diathesis predicted when during the course of major depressive disorder suicide occurs.
Family studies have consistently indicated that suicidal behaviour tends to cluster in families. However, relatives also present increased risk for psychiatric morbidity, and therefore, the critical question is whether or not the liability to suicidal behavior is given by the same predisposition to the coexistent psychiatric disorders.
Therefore, in the third study, we examined the independence of familial liability using a three group design. The relatives of deceased suicide probands who died in the context of a major depressive episode are compared to the relatives of living depressed subjects without a history of suicide and to the relatives of healthy controls screened for the absence of major depression and suicide.

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19

Goodfellow, Benjamin. "Terms and Definitions for Suicide: Steps Towards the Elaboration of an International and Intercultural Nomenclature for Suicidal Behaviours". Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382741.

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Variability in terms and definitions to describe suicidal behaviours and ideation may have led researchers to duplicate their efforts in suicidology thereby possibly wasting valuable resources in a field where funding is scarce. Published nomenclatures appear not to reach a global use. This situation pushed some scholars to advocate for the use of a common nomenclature and a common classification to describe suicidal behaviour that would appeal to the majority of users, whatever their background and whichever their country. A first step towards a universal nomenclature could be to assess the variability of use of definitions and terms. The aims of this dissertation are to describe the published background in the field of nomenclatures, definitions and classifications, and provide a historical and cultural context to the use of terms and definitions to describe suicidal behaviours and ideation. The experimental part of this research consists in a worldwide study of definitions and terms for suicidal behaviours, the results of which were used to elaborate a universal English-language nomenclature of suicidal behaviours. A systematic literature review of contemporary English language nomenclatures found them to be logically organized according to outcome and intent. It appeared that the range of the nomenclatures was fundamental in how the nomenclature were logically organized. A systematic review of terms and definitions was performed based on the four most common characteristics of the definition of suicide found in the literature, i.e. outcome, intent, knowledge of the consequences of the act, and agency (self- or other-inflicted). These four characteristics appeared to cover the vast majority of the concepts underpinning existing definitions, enabled an explanation of the variability of published definitions and were considered for use as tool for research. Intent to die in the definition of suicide was quite agreed upon. However, some authors suggested that intent should refer to something other than death. A systematic review of contemporary classifications of suicidal behaviour revealed they were becoming increasingly precise and operational for clinical and research purposes. On the other hand, the development of new classification systems despite lack of international consensus on definitions and terms related to suicidal ideation and behaviour could potentially lead to an increased level of confusion. An examination of historical context revealed that the term ‘suicide’ appeared in Europe in a period of deep moral change during the seventeenth century, when attitudes toward suicide became more tolerant. A review in the Pacific Islands suggested that local traditional terms often referred to a method having close ties with the cultural context. The methodology of the Worldwide Study of Definitions and Terms for Suicidal Behaviors© (WSDTSB) was then described. The study rationale was to overcome the confusing landscape and poor agreement among authors of nomenclatures, definitions, terms, and classifications in the field of suicidology. The study questionnaire was developed on the basis of the four main criteria of the definition of suicidal behaviour: outcome, intent, knowledge (of the consequences of the act), and agency (self- or other-inflicted). Two types of participants were invited in the study. ‘Experts’, each representing a country, were recruited through international organizations. IASP members that were not national representatives comprised the comparison sample. Methodological limitations were that the study was conducted in the English-language only, and ‘experts’ were designated among IASP national representatives and in six cases among other international associations; in some cases, it is possible that these persons did not have more expertise than IASP members. The results of the WSDTSB were then analysed. Levels of agreement to statements enabled comparison between responses of samples (‘experts’ vs. IASP members), and countries’ language and income background groups, occupation and professional background groups. Regarding the definition of suicide, the highest levels of agreement and similarities between samples and groups were found for fatal outcome, non-clear-cut statements regarding intent and knowledge, and self-infliction. Regarding non-fatal suicidal behaviour and ideation, the highest levels of agreement and similarities between samples and groups were found for definitions of ‘suicide attempt’, ‘suicidal ideation’, ‘death wishes’, ‘suicide plan’, and ‘interrupted suicide attempt’. The results of the WSDTSB were discussed and a nomenclature of suicidal behaviours and ideation was proposed as a baseline for further steps towards a universal classification of suicidal behaviours and ideation. Other limitations of this study were a relatively low participation rate and the low representation of low- and middle-income countries, especially those of the African continent. The necessity to go further in the search of a universal nomenclature was discussed. It was suggested that further research should move on with the aim of elaborating a universal classification of suicidal behaviours possibly based on the results of the present study. Suggestions were made regarding further steps to take.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Aust Inst Suicide Res&Prevent
Griffith Health
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20

Thomas, Peter F. "Functions of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors within adolescent inpatients". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9731/.

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The primary interest of this investigation concerned the self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) of inpatient adolescents. Previous researchers have provided descriptive information regarding either automatic (or intrinsic) and social components using the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI). However, the presence and trends of these components have not firmly been established, suggesting the need to explore this area further. Eighty-two adolescent inpatients were selected and interviewed using the SITBI to evaluate the predictive ability of self-reported self-injurious behavior with regard to social and automatic, negative and positive functions. Results showed that depending on the type of thought or behavior displayed one could discern the motivation behind their actions. Automatic-Negative was seen to have the strongest relationship across all SITB behaviors while Automatic-Negative was not found to be relatively low compared to other SITB behaviors. Both Social-Positive and Social-Negative were found to be present in moderate relationships compared to Automatic in general.

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Girling, Emma. "The impact of mental health problems on childrens' ability to discriminate amongst thoughts, feelings and behaviours, and to link thoughts and feelings". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410033.

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22

Dean, Reem Olivia. "An exploration of teachers' thoughts, feelings and behaviours when working with selectively mute children". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/38173/.

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The purpose of the current research was to explore teachers’ experiences of working with selectively mute children in primary and nursery school settings. In particular, participants’ experiences were organised into the concepts, thoughts, feelings and behaviours and whether there were mediating factors which influenced the kind of experiences teachers had. The research also explored if these experiences changed and developed over time. The design was a semi-structured interview technique. The sample consisted of 20 primary and nursery teachers in England and Wales who had previous (N= 9) and current experiences (N= 11) of working with a selectively mute child. The data were coded using Nvivo software and analysed using Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The data indicated that thoughts consisted of teachers’ causal attributions for the development of Selective Mutism, their expectations, their perceptions of the selectively mute child, their parents and siblings, and their perceptions of their professional role and that of the educational psychologist (EP). Frustration and anxiety were the most frequently cited feelings and therefore it may be argued that working with a selectively mute child is a stressful experience when teachers are uncertain of the best course of action and when they feel unsupported. Teachers’ behaviours consisted of the strategies they used to communicate with the child and to enable the child to access the curriculum. Thoughts, feelings and behaviours changed and developed over time. Several factors were identified which served to mediate teachers’ experiences including levels of teacher-child attachment, levels of pupil and parental engagement, the context and involvement from outside agencies.

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Erwin, Peggy. "COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) FOR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) ON VETERANS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SUICIDAL THOUGHTS". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/634.

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This research project demonstrates the importance of the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its relationship to the frequency of suicidal thoughts in veterans through the use of the positivist paradigm. The correlation that was found showing that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy does reduce the frequency of suicide ideation through the collection of quantitative data, and the understanding of Cognitive Learning Theory it is this study offers clinicians another tool to combat suicide in veterans.

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Caldeira, Francisco José Videira. "O suicídio dos idosos no Alentejo : o caso do Concelho de Portalegre". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21020.

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Os comportamentos suicidários, entendidos no seu conjunto como qualquer acto através do qual um indivíduo causa lesão a si mesmo, são um fenómeno muito antigo. Este tipo de comportamento, foi desde sempre estudado a partir de várias perspectivas diferenciadas por especificidades históricas, filosóficas e sociológicas que analisaram os registos deste tipo de óbito. Este trabalho tem como objectivo, a exposição dos resultados de um estudo exploratório sobre o fenómeno social do suicídio no Concelho de Portalegre, entre os anos de 2004 e 2008 inclusive, em idosos com 65 anos ou mais, ou seja, contribuir para a compreensão do suicídio na área geográfica em análise. A partir da recolha de dados através do método de entrevista, aplicada a familiares dos suicidados que foram identificados após pesquisa no Cartório Notarial de Portalegre, nos Autos de Notícia da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) e ainda nos Autos de Notícia da Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) daquela Cidade, procura-se entender o fenómeno social do suicídio à luz da bibliografia de referência, descrevendo o e estabelecendo regularidades, recorrências e tendências da sua ocorrência. Do estudo efectuado sobre o suicídio no Concelho em análise, ressaltam vários aspectos, que de forma transversal, contribuíram para a ocorrência do fenómeno, destacando-se de entre esses a depressão e as doenças físicas/mentais. Por outro lado, de um modo geral, as pessoas que se suicidaram viviam com dificuldades de natureza económica, normalmente das suas parcas pensões de reforma, contudo, eram pessoas calmas e afáveis embora com personalidades e modos de ser próprios, que à medida que foram surgindo os problemas de saúde e, consequentemente, de dependência física e de bebidas alcoólicas no caso dos homens, foram-se isolando, apresentando elevados níveis depressivos que os levaram a cometer o suicídio. - ABSTRACT: Suicidal behaviours, known in their whole as an action through which an individual causes himself injury, are a very ancient phenomenon. This kind of behaviour has always been studied from several perspectives, differentiated by historical philosophical and sociological specificities that have analysed the records of this kind of death. The aim of this work is to show the results of an exploitative study about the social phenomenon of suicide in the area of Portalegre, from 2004 to 2008 inclusive, in what 65 old people (or more) are concerned, that is to contribute to understand suicide in the geographical area in study. lt was gathering together the information through the method of interview to the suicide's relatives identified after research in the registry office in Portalegre, in the legal papers of Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) as well of those of Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) in this town. We try to understand the social phenomenon of suicide in the light of reference bibliography, describing this phenomenon and establishing regularities, recurrences and tendencies of its circumstances. From the study about suicide in the area studied, there are several! aspects to consider, which contributed in a transversal way to this phenomenon. Depression and physical/mental diseases are the most important ones. On the other hand, people who committed suicide had a difficult economic situation. However, they were calm and sympathetic, although with different personalities and their own way of being, which as far as their health problems carne and consequently physical dependency and alcohol addiction, in what men are concerned, started an isolation process, showing high depressive levels which lead them to commit suicide.

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Bush, Steven. "An exploratory study of time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy for adolescents with an emphasis on the management of suicidal thoughts and actions". Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536955.

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Starling, Jean. "Depression, Thoughts of Self-Harm and Suicidal Ideation in a Twenty One Year Clinic Cohort: Changes in Prevalence and Predictors of Disorder". University of Sydney. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/805.

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Introduction. Recent studies have suggested a secular increase in the prevalence of self-harm, suicidal ideation and depression in young people. This study aims to report the changes in prevalence of psychological disturbance over time in a clinic population. Method: Data on the prevalence of psychological symptoms was measured by the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), in a 21-year clinic cohort of adolescents aged from 12 to 17. This data was analysed to investigate secular changes and predictors of disorder. Results: Significant secular increases were demonstrated in parent reports of self-harm and suicidal ideation, of 5percent and 4percent per cohort year respectively, but there was no significant change in the anxious/depressed sub-scale. There were no changes demonstrated in self-reports of self-harm, suicidal ideation or anxiety/depression. Self-harm and suicidal ideation, both parent reported and self-reported, significantly increased with increasing age, female gender, drug use, anxiety/depression and other clinically significant scores on the YSR and CBCL sub-scales. The YSR was a more accurate predictor of both self-harm and suicidal ideation than the CBCL. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there has not been a significant increase in psychological disorder in this population. There was, however, an apparent increase due to increasing parental awareness of some symptoms, particularly self-harm and suicidal ideation. While parents have a higher rate of reporting disorder, young people's self-reports remain a more accurate predictor of specific symptoms, including self-harm and suicidal ideation.

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Caesar, Nilsson Lina, e Birkeland Nicklas Hag. "Att leva med schizofreni : En narrativ studie baserad på självbiografier". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16847.

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Quakley, Sarah Michelle. "An investigation into children's developing ability to identify and link thoughts, feelings and behaviours : implications for cognitive behaviour therapy for children". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247209.

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There is increasing evidence supporting the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy as a treatment for a wide range of adult psychological disorders. The use of cognitive behavioural therapy with young children has however been questioned, as it is deemed that they lack the cognitive abilities required to engage with this treatment approach. There is however no empirical evidence to support this assumption and recent research has focused upon identifying core skills which young children may require to engage with cognitive behavioural therapy. The current research examines the presence of core cognitive behaviour therapy skills in a non-clinical population of 96 children aged 4-7 years. It examines young children's abilities to distinguish thoughts from feelings and behaviour and the effect of providing visual cues to assist with this task. Children were read 6 stories and asked to sort different parts of the stories into categories of 'thought' 'feeling' and 'behaviour'. Half of the children were provided with visual cue post boxes to assist with this task and half were not. The research also examines young children's abilities to link thoughts to feelings and thoughts to behaviours in the context of prior experience. Children were told 8 stories, elaborated with picture cards, and asked to explain why focal characters felt a particular emotion or performed a certain action / behaviour at the end of the stories, when they saw a cue which reminded them of a previous experience. All of the measures used in this study were designed specifically to test the abilities being researched, apart from shortened forms of standardised intelligence tests (WISC III UK and WPPSI-R UK) to measure ability level. The results indicated increased competence in these skills between the age of 4 and years. In particular children aged 6 and 7 possessed considerable skill at these tasks. The findings also demonstrated that visual cues significantly improved children's scores on a task requiring them to distinguish thoughts, feelings and behaviours. The effects of visual cues and age band remained after adjusting for the effect of IQ on all of the tasks. It is suggested that cognitive behavioural therapy may be an appropriate form of treatment for young children, once cognitive tasks have been adapted to the child's developmental needs. The findings are discussed with reference to a broad range of clinical and theoretical implications and further research ideas are proposed.

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Turner-Moores, Tamara Joy. "Relationships between sexual thoughts and sex offending behaviours : The reports of adult male sexual offenders, non-sexual offenders and non-offenders". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511189.

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30

Eastwood, Lynne. "The impact of mental health problems on young children's ability to distinguish among thoughts, feelings and behaviours and generate post event attributions". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426859.

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31

Tagger, Harvinder Singh. "The abilities of children referred to CAMHS to distinguish thoughts, feelings and behaviours and generate post event attributions : implications for cognitive behaviour therapy with children". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439827.

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32

Fjellstad, Benedicte, e Johnny Karlsson. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser vid omhändertagandet av patienter med suicidnära tankar prehospitalt : en intervjustudie". Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2992.

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Suicid och suicidförsök är ett folkhälsoproblem världen över och bara i Sverige tar ca 1500 människor sitt liv varje år, vilket blir ca fyra per dag. Suicidförsök är vanligare bland kvinnor, däremot fullföljer män oftare sin suicid. Att omhänderta en person med suicidnära tankar är bland det svåraste, mest emotionella och påfrestande arbetsuppgifterna som sjuksköterskan prehospitalt kan ställas inför. Personer med suicidnära tankar har ofta svårt att känna förtroende för andra människor och de har många negativa tankar om livet. Sjuksköterskan bör alltid sträva efter att förstå patientens livssituation samtidigt som de gör allt för att förhindra att patienten tar sitt liv. För att mötet med patienten ska bli så bra som möjligt krävs att sjuksköterskan fortlöpande ökar sin kompetens, bearbetar sina attityder och får den kunskap som behövs för att bemöta mångfalden i den problematik som omhändertagandet av personer med suicidnära tankar innebär. Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskornas upplevelser vid omhändertagandet av patienter med suicidnära tankar prehospitalt. En kvalitativ ansats valdes med intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod för att fånga sjuksköterskans upplevelser. Elva sjuksköterskor inom ambulanssjukvården intervjuades. Materialet spelades in med hjälp av en diktafon och transkriberades sedan av författarna. Analys av det insamlade intervjumaterialet gjordes genom en manifest, kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom fyra huvudkategorier: Beredskap för uppdraget, Det som skapar förutsättningarna, Mötet i en utsatt situation och Emotionella utmaningar – att gå vidare. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskan inför uppdraget med en suicidnära patient inte förberedde sig på något speciellt sätt mer än att de diskuterade olika scenarion med sin kollega. Att sjuksköterskan var verbalt rustad och kände sig bekväm i sig själv som person, skapade goda förutsättningar för ett bra möte med patienten. Flera sjuksköterskor upplevde att de inte hade tillräcklig utbildning inom psykiatri, utan de arbetade utifrån sina egna och kollegans tidigare erfarenheter. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att en stor del av omhändertagandet inte bara handlade om patienten utan även om dess närstående. Att omhänderta patienter med suicidnära tankar kunde väcka många starka känslor som kunde påverka sjuksköterskan negativt och vissa beskrev att de minns vissa uppdrag lång tid efter händelsen. Sjuksköterskorna uppgav att de inte var i behov av något stöd mer än att prata med sina kollegor efter en händelse. Författarnas slutsats var att det fanns ett behov, för sjuksköterskan inom ambulanssjukvården, av kompletterande och återkommande utbildning i psykiatri som en viktig förutsättning för att bedriva patientsäker vård och omvårdnad i olika situationer. Kvaliteten och säkerheten inom vården minskade då sjuksköterskan själv upplevde en brist på kunskap inom detta område.
Suicide and suicide attempts are a public health problem all over the world. In Sweden 1500 people take their lives every year, which will be about four per day. Suicide attempts are more common among women. Men, however are more often succeed with their suicide. One of most challenging, most emotional and stressful tasks that the prehospital nurse can face, is to take care of a person with suicidal thoughts. Persons with suicidal thoughts often find it difficult to trust in other people and also have negative attitude towards life itself. A nurse should always strive to understand the patient's situation in life while doing what is possible to prevent the patient from committing suicide. In order for the patient meeting to be as successful as possible, the nurse need constantly to increase their skills, develop their attitudes and gain the required knowledge to deal with diversity that involves the treatment of people with suicidal thoughts. The aim was to illuminate the nurses' experiences in the prehospital treatment, of patients with suicidal thoughts. A qualitative approach was chosen to capture the nurse's experiences. Eleven nurses in the ambulance healthcare were interviewed. The interviews were recorded using a dictaphone, and then were transcribed verbatim. The analysis was carried out by a manifest, qualitative content analysis. Four main categories emerged: Preparedness for the assignment, What creates the conditions, The meeting in an exposed situation and Emotional challenges - to move forward. The results demonstrate that the nurses did not prepare specifically before meeting a suicidal patient, other than discussed different possible scenarios with their colleague. To create optimal conditions for a good meeting with a patient, the nurse was well-prepared verbally, and felt confident. Several nurses experienced lack of adequate education in psychiatry and based their work on their own and colleagues' previous experiences. Nurses found that a great deal of care was not just about the patient but also of his or her relatives. To take care of patients with suicidal thoughts may cause many strong feelings that can negatively affect the nurse and some nurses described that they remember some of these assignments long after the event. Nurses stated that they were not in need of mental support, more than talking to their colleagues after an assignment. The authors conclusion was that there is a need, for nurses in the ambulance care, supplementary and recurrent training in psychiatry as an important prerequisite for a patientsafe and nursing care in different situations. Quality and safety in healthcare decreased when the nurse experienced a lack of knowledge in this area.

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Hedberg, Caroline, e Sofia Öjergren. "Att möta personer med självmordstankar : En kvalitativ studie om professionellas arbetssätt och bemötande gentemot personer med självmordstankar". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30288.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att ta reda på vilka arbetssätt och bemötande professionella använder gentemot klienter med självmordstankar. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ intervjustudie där fem professionella som i sitt arbete möter klienter med självmordstankar varit delaktiga. Resultat visade att professionella använder sig av kartläggande samtal, bedömningsformulär, samtal och uppföljning i arbetet med dessa klienter. De professionella uppgav att det viktigaste i bemötandet är att lyssna, våga fråga, låta klienten berätta och visa att man finns där för klienten. Resultatet förväntades bidra till ökad kunskap om arbetssätt och bemötande gentemot klienter med självmordstankar för oss socialarbetare. Detta för att vi upplevde att vi saknade specifik utbildning i ämnet inom socionomutbildningen.
The aim of this study was to investigate the existing types of working methods and approaches used by professionals on clients with suicidal thoughts. Through interviews with five professionals who meet clients with suicidal thoughts, data were collected for a qualitative study. The result suggested that the working methods used by these professionals are mapping based on therapy talk, evaluation forms, talks and follow-ups. The professionals treat their clients by listening, having the courage to ask questions about suicide, to allow the client to narrate their story and to be there for the client. The results are expected to contribute to increasing our knowledge as social workers on working methods and approaches towards clients with suicidal thoughts. Our choice was based on the lack of specific training on that field within the study program in social work.

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Chang, Edward C., Mine Muyan e Jameson K. Hirsch. "Loneliness, Positive Life Events, and Psychological Maladjustment: When Good Things Happen, Even Lonely People Feel Better!" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/664.

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The present study investigated loneliness and positive life events as predictors of psychological maladjustment (viz., depression, hopelessness, & suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 327 adults. Beyond the expected role of loneliness in psychological maladjustment, positive life events were found to further augment the prediction of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal behaviors. In addition, the presence of positive life events was found to buffer the positive association between loneliness and maladjustment. Specifically, the positive association between loneliness and psychological maladjustment was found to be weaker for those who experienced a high number of positive life events, as opposed to those who experienced a low number of positive life events. Some implications for helping adults perceive or appreciate the presence of positive events in their lives are discussed.

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35

Lönning, Magdalena. "Att möta suicidnära asylsökande patienter : Sjuksköterskors tankar i mötet med suicidnära asylsökande patienter inom psykiatrisk vård". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1789.

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36

Ramos, Ferraz Liliana. "Study of impulsivity dimension in Borderline Personality Disorder: The influence of impulsiveness, impulsivity-related traits and childhood sexual abuse to suicidal behaviour". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284481.

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Este trabajo de tesis doctoral incluye dos estudios transversales que examinan una serie de variables relacionadas con la gravedad del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP). El objetivo del primer estudio consistió en estudiar la naturaleza multidimensional de la impulsividad en pacientes con TLP, mediante el uso de diferentes medidas psicométricas de la impulsividad y rasgos relacionados, conjuntamente con una medida de laboratorio de la conducta impulsiva. El segundo estudio tuvo como principal objetivo aclarar la implicación de estos rasgos de la personalidad y los antecedentes de abuso sexual en la infancia en la conducta suicida en pacientes con TLP. En el primer estudio, 39 mujeres diagnosticadas de TLP fueron comparadas con 102 controles sanos en cuanto a las puntuaciones obtenidas en diferentes instrumentos psicométricos y al rendimiento en una medida de laboratorio de impulsividad. Como medidas psicométricas de impulsividad y rasgos relacionados se emplearon la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt-11 (BIS-11), el Inventario de Hostilidad de Buss-Durkee (BDHI) y el Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter (TCI-R). El Continuous Performance Test (CPT-IP) fue utilizado como medida de laboratorio de la capacidad de inhibición de respuesta, constituyendo un marcador de la respuesta impulsiva. Los resultados en los instrumentos psicométricos revelaron que los sujetos con TLP se caracterizan por una elevada impulsividad-rasgo y elevada hostilidad en varias de sus facetas, y por puntuaciones extremas en los rasgos de temperamento de búsqueda de novedad y de evitación del daño en comparación con los controles sanos. No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre pacientes TLP y sujetos controles en el rendimiento del CPT-IP. En el segundo estudio, se analizó la relación entre la impulsividad y rasgos relacionados, los antecedentes de abuso sexual en la infancia y los comportamientos suicidas en una muestra de 76 pacientes diagnosticados con TLP. Primeramente, se analizaron las diferencias entre pacientes con TLP con y sin antecedentes de suicidio en relación a las medidas de personalidad, el abuso sexual en la infancia y la gravedad general del trastorno, a lo que se siguieron un conjunto de análisis de regresión con el objetivo de determinar la contribución independiente de estas variables para las conductas suicidas. Las variables relacionadas con el suicidio y con el abuso sexual en la infancia fueron recogidas mediante una entrevista estructurada diseñada ad hoc. Por último, se utilizó la Escala de Evaluación de la Actividad Global (EEAG) para evaluar la gravedad general y sintomatológica del trastorno. Los individuos con TLP con antecedentes de conductas suicidas obtuvieron puntuaciones más elevadas en hostilidad y en tres de sus facetas - resentimiento, desconfianza y culpa-, al compararlos con los pacientes con TLP sin intentos previos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas para otras variables de la personalidad entre los dos grupos. En relación al abuso sexual en la infancia, los sujetos con TLP con antecedentes de suicidio revelaron prevalencias significativamente más elevadas de abuso sexual en la infancia que los pacientes TLP sin intentos previos. Consistentemente, los resultados de los análisis de regresión indicaron que una elevada hostilidad y el hecho de haber sufrido abusos sexuales en la infancia son variables predictoras de la presencia, mayor número y mayor gravedad de los intentos de suicidio, lo que apunta a estas dos variables como importantes factores de riesgo para las conductas suicidas en el TLP. Así pues, los resultados de este trabajo sustentan el papel preponderante de la dimensión impulsividad en el TLP. Asimismo, sugieren que la hostilidad, entendida como agresividad impulsiva, podría actuar como un potencial factor de riesgo biológico, mientras que el abuso sexual en la infancia representaría un factor de riesgo ambiental para la conducta suicida en el TLP.
The present work is a doctoral dissertation concerning two cross-sectional studies examining a series of severity-related variables in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). In the first study, the aim was to address the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in BPD subjects, using different self-report measures of impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits together with a laboratorial behavioural measure. In the second work, we intended to clarify the role of these personality traits as well as the impact of sexual abuse during childhood in relation to suicidal behaviour in BPD patients. In the first study, we compared the differences in self-report instruments and the performance in a laboratorial measure of impulsivity between a sample of 39 BPD female subjects and 102 healthy controls. As self-reported measures of impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) were used. We used a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) as a laboratorial-behavioural measure of response inhibition and behavioural impulsivity. The results in the psychometric instruments revealed that BPD subjects were characterized by higher levels of trait impulsiveness and hostility in several of its domains, and by higher temperament traits of novelty seeking and harm avoidance compared to healthy controls. Concerning the laboratorial-behavioural measure of impulsivity, there were no differences in the performance between BPD and control subjects. In the second study, we examined the relationships between impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits, as well as the presence of childhood sexual abuse in relation to suicidal behaviours in a sample of 76 BPD patients. We first analysed the differences between BPD patients with and without previous suicide attempts concerning personality measurements, childhood sexual abuse and overall disorder severity. In a second set of analyses, we performed different regression analyses to determine the independent contribution of these variables to suicidal behaviours. Suicidal related variables were assessed by means of a structured interview designed to obtain a detailed history of previous suicidal behaviour and childhood sexual abuse was registered using a clinical interview designed for the purpose of the present work. Finally, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) was used to evaluate general symptoms and disorder severity. The results showed that BPD individuals with history of suicidal behaviours were characterized by higher levels of behavioural and attitudinal hostility, also in three of its facets, resentment, suspiciousness and guilt, in comparison to non-attempters BPD patients. In contrast, no differences were found in any other personality variables. In relation to childhood sexual abuse, BPD individuals with previous suicide attempts report significantly higher percentages of sexual abuse during childhood than BPD patients without attempts. Consistently, results from regression analyses indicated that increased hostility and having suffered sexual abuse during childhood predicted the presence, higher number and severity of suicide attempts, suggesting both factors as relevant risk factors for suicidal behaviours in BPD. Taken together, the main results of the present work support impulsivity dimension as a prominent feature in BPD, and suggest that within the construct impulsivity, hostility (more related to impulsive aggression) could be a potential biological risk factor, and childhood sexual abuse as an environmental risk factor for suicidal behaviour in BPD.

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Handley, Tonelle. "Suicide in urban and rural Australia: determinants, moderators and treatment options for suicidal thoughts and behaviours". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1041746.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis explores determinants and moderators of suicidal ideation in Australia in three higher-risk populations: rural and remote residents, older adults, and people with co-occurring depression and substance misuse. It consists of an Introduction, nine papers and a final chapter providing a synthesis of the results and conclusion. At the time of submission, seven of the nine papers have been accepted for publication in peer reviewed journals, with two currently submitted for peer review. The Introduction provides an overview of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in Australia, summarising the current body of literature and drawing particular attention to higher-risk groups, established risk factors, and current treatments. Limitations in existing research are summarised in Paper 1 (“Urban-rural influences on suicidality: Gaps in the existing literature and recommendations for future research”). This section leads into a justification for the aims of this thesis and an outline of how they will be addressed. Chapter 2, Paper 2 (“Contributors to suicidality in rural communities: Beyond the effects of depression”) explores the extent of the relationship between depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviours in rural areas, determining that although these concepts are highly related, they remain independent. The discussion of this Chapter emphasises the variance in suicidal ideation not accounted for by depression, indicating the potential for other factors to contribute. This information is used to direct the analyses in Chapter 3. Chapter 3 explores the long-term risk factors for suicidal ideation within each of the key groups of rural residents, older adults, and people with a mental illness. Informed by Chapter 2, the papers presented in Chapter 3 incorporate a focus on social as well as psychiatric factors, while aiming to address the identified lack of longitudinal research investigating suicidal ideation. Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation are explored in rural residents in Paper 3 (“You’ve got to have friends: The predictive value of social integration and support in suicidal ideation among rural communities”) and Paper 4 (“Longitudinal course and predictors of suicidal ideation in a rural community sample”); in older adults in Paper 5 ("Predictors of suicidal ideation in older people. A decision-tree analysis"); and in people with comorbid mental illness and substance use problems in Paper 6 (“Longitudinal risk profiles for suicidal ideation in comorbid depression and substance misuse”). Finally, Chapter 4 evaluates potential treatment options for suicidal thoughts and behaviours in terms of their accessibility, appeal, and efficiency. Rural residents are the focus of Paper 7 (“Facilitators and barriers to treatment-seeking for people with mental health problems in rural areas”) and Paper 8 (“Feasibility of internet-delivered mental health treatments for rural populations”), older adults are explored in Chapter 4.3, while people with a comorbid mental illness provide the data presented in Paper 9 (“Incidental treatment effects of CBT on suicidal ideation and hopelessness”). While this Chapter identifies flexible treatment options that may increase the accessibility of services for people experiencing suicidal ideation, the importance of overcoming attitudinal barriers to help-seeking is emphasised; limitations in current clinical treatment approaches are also discussed. The Discussion section synthesises the findings of the nine papers presented in this thesis, with a focus on the implications and future directions indicated by this research. It outlines a proposed multi-tiered approach to suicide prevention, incorporating strategies ranging from epidemiological through to clinical treatment strategies. Future research directions are also suggested.

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Ajaero, Henry Chukwuemeka. "Psychosocial factors associated with suicidal behaviours of patients admitted to the medical wards of Leratong Hospital". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/6893.

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ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of suicidal behaviour especially among adolescents is an important public health problem. With the increasing adverse global economic conditions and HIV/AIDS prevalence, especially in developing world, the problem of suicidal behaviours is expected to get worse, and the impact on the healthcare systems will increase. Objective: This study was done to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients who were admitted into Leratong Hospital for suicidal behaviours, and the factors associated with these suicidal behaviours. In the context of worsening social and economic problems, and the increasing HIV/AIDS epidemic, it is hoped that the results of this study will help in quantifying needs, defining appropriate management protocols and referral systems, and informing capacity building processes. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All patients admitted to the medical wards for parasuicides and attempted suicide from November 2007 to February 2008 (n=162) were interviewed during the course of their admission. Data on their socio-demographic characteristics, history of previous suicide ideations and attempts, methods of and reasons for the present suicidal behaviours, and past personal and family histories of the patients were extracted and analyzed. Results: Patients admitted for suicidal behaviours constituted about 5% of all medical patients. More than 67% of the patients were younger than 30 years, and more than 60% were females. Only about 16% of the patients were married, and about 45% were unemployed, and among those employed about 40% were unskilled, though more than 60% were living in either formal or RDP houses. Majority of the patients (60%) completed only grade 11 or less. Majority of the patients attempted suicide by ingesting overdose of medications (43%) and organophosphates (32%). The commonest reason given by patients for attempting suicide was domestic or relationship conflicts (75%). About 21% and 14% of the patients had histories of previous suicide ideation and attempt respectively. Common adverse events in the background histories of the patients were stress from their families (56%), unemployment (38%), alcohol abuse (32%), and abandoned by spouse (25%). Common adverse events in the family histories of these patients include at least one death in family in the last two years (70%), alcohol abuse (60%), family member in prison (46%), family member was a victim of crime (46%), and family member had a severe disease (42%). Risk factors found to be significantly associated with suicidal behaviours and the different methods of suicidal attempt include race, sex, younger age group, type of house, and family history of severe illness, death, divorce and substance abuse. The study has demonstrated the socio-demographic profile of these patients, the burden posed by suicidal behaviours on our health systems, and the risk factors associated with such behaviours. Based on these results, it is therefore recommended that health workers should look out for, and assess all patients for, risk factors associated with suicidal behaviours, and patients admitted for suicidal behaviours should be evaluated and managed properly, with appropriate referrals, before they are discharged.

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Schermerhorn, Demetra. "The role of anxiety in the development of suicidal thoughts in pregnant women with mood disorders". Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16049.

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BACKGROUND: Both mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than men with the onset typically occurring during adolescence or early childbearing years. These disorders are particularly prevalent during pregnancy and the postpartum period. While depression during the perinatal period has received significant attention recently, anxiety has not received the same amount of attention. METHODS: The current study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that followed 91 women with mood disorders through pregnancy and the postpartum period. Our objective was to determine if a correlation existed between anxiety and suicidality. We hypothesized that pregnant women with a history of a mood disorder and comorbid anxiety are more likely to be suicidal than those without comorbid anxiety. The presence of anxiety was determined using the anxiety subscale of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS; a cut off score of six or greater was used to indicate significant anxiety. Suicidality was determined using three separate measures: question ten on the EPDS, question eighteen on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and question ten on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. ANALYSIS: Chi square tests were used to compare the demographics of the anxious and non-anxious women based on both diagnosis of anxiety disorders and symptoms of anxiety. Z proportion tests were then used to compare the proportion women with anxiety versus those without anxiety who were suicidal. Lastly, binary logistic regression was used to determine if patients with anxiety were more likely to be suicidal. RESULTS: Among the women in this study, 62 (68.1%) had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and 29 (31.9%) had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder based on DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria. In addition, 45 (49.5%) had a lifetime history of an anxiety disorder. The prevalence of significant anxiety symptoms, as determined by the anxiety subscale on the EPDS, ranged from 9.1-37.5% depending on the time point. Suicidality prevalence also varied depending on both the time point and the scale used: 0-17.5% using the MADRS, 6.7-24.7% using the EPDS, and 2.4-14.7% using the IDS. Using a binary logistic regression, we determined that anxiety was a risk factor for suicidality at time T3 (OR 2.106; 95% CI 1.274-3.481) and M1 (OR 2.057; 95% CI 1.179-3.586) on the MADRS and at T3 (OR1.758; 95% CI 1.219-2.535) on the EPDS.

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Rothes, Inês Maria Soares Areal. "Suicidal behaviours: explanations, current practices and difficulties of health professionals and the impact of a patient suicide". Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78177.

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Rothes, Inês Maria Soares Areal. "Suicidal behaviours: explanations, current practices and difficulties of health professionals and the impact of a patient suicide". Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78177.

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Cristall, Maarit Hannele. "A comparison of self-harming behaviours in two prevalent groups of psychiatric outpatients". Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1714.

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Self-harming behaviours and suicidality are a serious problem in psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Suicidal behaviours are sometimes seen as manipulative and attention-seeking in BPD patients, and are therefore not considered as dangerous as the same behaviours in MDD patients. The Suicidal Feelings and Self-Harm Questionnaire, which examines suicidal intent, was administered to all new outpatients at the Psychiatric Treatment Clinic in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Canada. Thirty-seven percent of the MDD patients, 78% of the BPD patients, and 77% of patients with comorbid MDD and BPD reported a history of self-harm. Suicidal intent was measured by asking the patients whether they expected to die as a result of their self-harm. There was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic groups in this regard. This suggests that BPD patients are no less serious about their intent to die than those with MDD.

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Vondráčková, Veronika. "Suicidální myšlenky adolescentů: analýza zpráv z hovorů krizové linky se zaměřením na rizikové faktory". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404699.

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This paper aims to provide insight into the risk factors contributing to suicidal ideation and behavior among adolescents. First, the author overviews the extant academic literature on the subject. She highlights the persistently high incidence of suicide among young people in the Czech Republic and briefly defines the stages of adolescence as well as the particular forms and methods of suicidal behavior. Subsequently, the author discusses in detail individual aspects of demographics, clinical data, familial environments and interpersonal relationships that the academic literature associates with an increased risk of suicidality among adolescents. Concluding the overview, the author sets the topic of suicide into the context of a children's crisis helpline. The author goes on to present an empirical analysis of reports documenting suicidal calls made to a children's crisis helpline. She uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify particular life circumstances that may contribute to the development of suicidal ideation and/or behavior, paying attention to distinct aspects of suicidality and to gender differences. As part of her analysis, the author critically evaluates the benefits and pitfalls associated with the use of data obtained from an anonymous crisis helpline.

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Ribeiro, Diana Barbosa de Morais. "Memória autobiográfica em jovens adultos com comportamentos suicidários". Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/4724.

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2008 Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Neste trabalho tivemos como objectivo estudar a comparação de respostas fornecidas através de uma tarefa de memória autobiográfica entre um grupo de sujeitos com comportamentos suicidários e um grupo de sujeitos sem comportamentos suicidários, de modo a compreender se haveria diferenças no processo de evocação destas memórias. Para isso utilizámos dois instrumentos de auto-avaliação (BDI e STAI), um sub-teste para controlar o nível verbal dos sujeitos, e uma tarefa de memórias autobiográficas. A nossa amostra foi constituída por 30 sujeitos, 15 com comportamentos suicidários e outros 15 sem este tipo de comportamento. Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos verificar que: (a) o grupo com sujeitos suicidários evoca mais memórias negativas do que positivas (p=0,000); (b) o grupo de sujeitos com comportamentos suicidários evoca mais memórias negativas quando a palavra estímulo é negativa do que quando é positiva ou neutra (p=0,001); (c) o grupo com comportamentos suicidários apresenta uma evocação significativamente superior de memórias categóricas por oposição a memórias alargadas (p=0,000); e (d) o grupo de sujeitos com comportamentos suicidários evoca um número significativamente superior de memórias categóricas quando comparado com o grupo sem comportamentos suicidários (p=0,000). Concluímos que existe no grupo com comportamentos suicidários um enviesamento das memórias autobiográficas, a nível estrutural, com maior evocação de memórias categóricas, e a nível de valência, apresentando um processamento e evocação de memórias preferencialmente de conteúdo negativo.
The aim of this study is to assess the comparison of answers supplied in a task of autobiographical memory between a group of subjects with suicidal behaviours and a group of subjects without suicidal behaviour, in way to understand if there would be differences in the process of evocation of these memories. For that we used two instruments of selfevaluation( BDI e STAI), another one to control the verbal level of the subjects, and a task of autobiographical memories. Our sample was constituted by 30 subjects, 15 with suicidal behaviours and other 15 without this type of behaviour. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that: (a) the group with suicidal behaviours evokes more negative memories than positive (p=0,000); (b) the group of subjects with suicidal behaviours evokes more negative memories when the word stimulus is negative in comparison when the word stimulus is positive or neuter (p=0,001); (c) the group with suicidal behaviours presents a significantly superior evocation of categorical memories of what extended (p=0,000); and (d) the group of subjects with suicidal behaviours evokes significantly a bigger number of categorical memories when compared to the group without suicidal behaviours (p=0,000). On basis of the obtained results, we confirmed that exists in the group with suicidal behaviours an slant of the autobiographical memories, at structural level, with bigger evocation of categorical memories, and in terms of valence, presenting a processing and evocation of memories mainly of negative content.

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Barraló, Kariula Delamura Santos. "Perspetiva das mães e filhos sobre o funcionamento familiar e comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6900.

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Dissertação de mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário das Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
O presente estudo foi realizado com o intuito de analisar o funcionamento familiar de acordo com o Modelo Circumplexo dos Sistemas Familiares e Conjugais construído por Olson (2000) a partir da perspetiva das mães e dos filhos com e sem comportamentos autolesivos (CAL) no período da adolescência, bem como compreender qual a relação entre a ideação suicida e os comportamentos autolesivos. Pretendeu-se também analisar se haviam diferenças na ideação suicida entre as mães dos adolescentes sem comportamentos autolesivos e mães dos adolescentes com comportamentos autolesivos. Participaram neste estudo 120 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 20 anos e 40 mães pertencentes a escolas públicas da área de Setúbal. Foram aplicadas as escalas do Funcionamento Familiar (FACES IV) (Olson, 2011), Inventário dos Comportamentos Autolesivos (Duarte & Gouveia-Pereira, 2018) e o Questionário de Ideação Suicida (Ferreira & Castela, 1999). Os resultados demonstraram que as mães percecionam maiores níveis de funcionamento familiar do que seus filhos, independente dos comportamentos autolesivos. Os adolescentes com CAL apresentaram menores níveis de coesão e funcionamento familiar do que adolescentes sem CAL. Também foi possível confirmar que os comportamentos autolesivos estão correlacionados com a ideação suicida na amostra dos adolescentes. Não houve diferenças significativas na ideação suicida no grupo das mães dos adolescentes com comportamentos autolesivos e sem comportamentos autolesivos. Tendo em conta que os comportamentos autolesivos e a ideação suicida têm uma grande prevalência em amostras de adolescentes, é crucial que esse tipo de investigação seja mais aprofundado considerando a família na sua totalidade.
This study was conducted in order to analyse Family Functioning as described in Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems by Olson (2000) from the perspective of mothers and their children with and without self-injurious behaviours (SIB) in adolescence, as well as understanding the relationship between suicidal ideation and self-injurious behaviours. It was sought to analyse whether there are differences in suicidal ideation between mothers of adolescents without self-injurious behaviours and mothers of adolescents with self-injurious behaviours. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents aged between 15 and 20 years old and 40 mothers belonging to public schools in area of Setúbal. The Family Functioning scales were applied (FACES IV) (Olson, 2011), Inventory of self-injurious behaviour (Duarte & Gouveia-Pereira, 2018) and the Questionnaire Suicidal Ideation (Ferreira & Castella,1999). The results show that mothers perceive higher levels of family functioning than the adolescents, regardless of self-injurious behaviours. Adolescents with self-injurious behaviours reported lower levels of cohesion and family functioning than adolescents with no SIB. It was also possible to confirm that self-injurious behaviours are correlated with suicidal ideation in the adolescent sample. There were no significant differences in suicidal ideation in the group of mothers of adolescents with self-injurious behaviours and no self-injurious behaviours. Considering that self-harm behaviours and suicidal ideation have a high prevalence in samples of adolescents in Portugal, it is crucial that this type of investigation be further examined considering the family as a whole.

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Aniceto, Pedro Miguel Gonçalves. "Vinculação, personalidade e ideação suicida em sujeitos com comportamentos aditivos". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5043.

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Abstract (sommario):

Orientação: Fernanda Salvaterra
Portugal tem registado, nos últimos anos uma evolução significativa no fenómeno do consumo de drogas e da toxicodependência (Negreiros & Magalhães, 2005), o que tem motivado um aumento da investigação no sentido de procurar compreender que factores levam o sujeito à adição a substâncias químicas (Goulão & Götz 2010; APA, 1996; Miller & Rollnick, 2001; Becoña & Martín, 2004; Heinz e tal., 1998; Farate, 2007; Sánchez & Berjano, 1996). O presente estudo, de carácter exploratório, procurou compreender se factores como os traços de personalidade, a representação da vinculação e a ideação suicida estão relacionados com o consumo abusivo de substâncias. Para esta investigação foi constituída uma amostra de conveniência com 153 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 58 anos, de ambos os géneros. Esta amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: o primeiro constituído por 79 adultos com diagnóstico de comportamentos aditivos de dependência, institucionalizados em comunidades terapêuticas pertencentes aos distritos de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo; o segundo constituído por 74 adultos sem diagnóstico de comportamentos aditivos de dependência. Para avaliar as variáveis em estudo foram utilizados a Escala de Vinculação do Adulto, de Canavarro (1996), o Big Five Inventory, de Benet-Martinez e John (1998), e o Beck Suicidal Ideation, de Beck, Steer e Ranieri (1988). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os não Institucionalizados apresentam um traço de Extroversão mais marcado que os Institucionalizados; os Institucionalizados apresentam um maior grau da Amabilidade que os não Institucionalizados; os Institucionalizados apresentam maior Neuroticismo que os não Institucionalizados. Verificou-se igualmente que a dimensão da conscienciosidade afecta directamente o conforto com a proximidade, indicando assim que indivíduos com maior grau de orientação para atingir objectivos claramente definidos, meticulosos e que controlam fortemente os seus impulsos tendem a sentir-se mais confortáveis nas relações íntimas.
In the last few years, there is being noticed in Portugal a significant evolution in the drug consuming phenomenon and drug dependence (Negreiros & Magalhães, 2005), which have been motivating an increase in terms of investigation, trying to find out what factors take the subject to the addiction of chemicals (Goulão & Götz 2010; APA, 1996; Miller & Rollnick, 2001; Becoña & Martín, 2004; Heinz e tal., 1998; Farate, 2007; Sánchez & Berjano, 1996). This study of exploratory character tried to find out if personality, representation of attachment and suicidal ideation are connected to the abusive consumption of substances. To this investigation was constituted a convenience sample of 153 participants, aged between 20 and 58 years old, of both genders.This sample was splitted in two groups: the first consists in 79 adults with diagnosis of behaviors dependent of addictives, institutionalized in therapeutic communities that belong to the districts of Lisboa and Vale do Tejo; and the second group with 74 adults without diagnosis of behaviors dependent of addictives. To assess the study variables were used Escala da Vinculação do Adulto, of Canavarro (1996), Big Five Inventory, of Benet-Martinez and John (1998) and Beck Suicidal Ideation, of Beck, Steer and Ranieri (1988). The results show that the group of non-institutionalized has a more marked trait of Extroversion than institutionalized people; institutionalized people pursuit more Neuroticism then the non-institutionalized. It was also verified that that the Conscientiousness dimension directly affects the comfort with Closeness, indicating that individuals with higher degrees of orientation to achieve closely defined objectives, meticulous and tightly controlling their impulses, tend to feel more comfortable in intimate relationships.

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47

Lopes, Edna Duarte. "Comportamentos suicidários em adolescentes : ideação suícida e para-suicídio". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/23224.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia, na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
De acordo com as estimativas da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, 2009), o suicídio constitui uma das principais causas de morte entre os indivíduos dos 15 aos 24 anos de idade. O comportamento suicidário não letal constitui o principal fator de risco para o suicídio (Corcoran et al., 2004; Nimeus et al., 2002; Reinherz et al., 2006; Sidley et al., 1999; Brown, Beck, et al., 2000). A prevalência tanto da ideação suicida como da tentativa de suicídio têm vindo a aumentar consideravelmente entre os adolescentes, nos últimos anos (Rey et al., 1998). Não são conhecidos estudos sobre os comportamentos suicidários em Cabo Verde. O objetivo principal da presente dissertação foi analisar os comportamentos suicidários (ideação e para-suicídio) em adolescentes cabo-verdianos. Especificamente, pretendeu-se avaliar a prevalência de ideação suicida e de para-suicídio nessa população, e analisar os seus correlatos psicológicos e demográficos. Isto é, avaliar a contribuição das variáveis sintomatologia depressiva, desesperança, ansiedade, perceção de suporte social, autocompaixão, autocriticismo, autotranquilização, comparação social, vergonha externa, derrota, encurralamento, comportamentos de submissão, experiências de vida precoces, estilos parentais na infância, qualidade dos relacionamentos interpessoais, regulação emocional e variáveis sociodemográficos, na predição da ideação suicida. E a contribuição das variáveis de rank social na predição do para-suicídio nessa população. Os estudos, de desenho transversal, foram realizados em amostras não clínicas e clínica, num total de 2017 adolescentes cabo-verdianos de ambos os géneros, dos 14 aos 22 anos de idade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma prevalência tanto de ideação suicida como de para-suicídio entre os adolescentes estudados similares às de diversos países onde esses comportamentos já são considerados problemas de saúde pública. Os resultados dos estudos sublinham ainda a importância das variáveis do rank social (especialmente a derrota, o encurralamento externo e o encurralamento interno), da sintomatologia depressiva e da desesperança, na predição da ideação suicida. Ademais, realçam a função protetora da perceção do suporte social da família na génese da ideação suicida. Por outro lado, os resultados evidenciaram a importância e impacto das experiências de vida precoces de ameaça, submissão e desvalorização na ideação suicida, e o papel mediador das dificuldades de regulação emocional na relação entre as experiências de vida precoces e a ideação suicida. Na amostra clínica os resultados mostraram a importância das variáveis do rank, especialmente a derrota, e de níveis elevados de sintomatologia depressiva na predição do para-suicídio. Em síntese, os resultados desta dissertação sublinharam a importância das variáveis do rank na predição da ideação suicida e do para-suicídio, da perceção do suporte social enquanto fator protetor da predição da ideação suicida, e da regulação emocional enquanto mediador da relação entre as experiências de vida precoces e a ideação suicida. Esses resultados parecem importantes para esforços de prevenção que procurem reduzir os comportamentos suicidários e para a promoção da investigação nas áreas da saúde pública e saúde mental em Cabo Verde.
According to World Health Organization (WHO, 2009) estimates, suicide is one of the leading causes of death among individuals from 15 to 24 years old. Nonlethal suicidal behaviour is are the main risk factor for suicide (Corcoran et al., 2004; Nimeus et al., 2002; Reinherz et al., 2006; Sidley et al., 1999; Brown, Beck, et al., 2000). The prevalence for both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt has been substantially rising among adolescents in the last years (Rey et al., 1998). There are no studies about suicidal behaviors in Cape Verde. The main aim of the current dissertation is to analyze suicidal behaviours (ideation and parasuicide) in Cape Verdean adolescents. Specifically, we aim at assessing the prevalence of suicidal ideation and parasuicide in such population, and at examining their psychological and demographical correlates. That is, to assess the contribution of the variables depressive symptomatology, hopelessness, anxiety, social support, selfcompassion, self-criticism, self-reassurance, social comparison, external shame, defeat, entrapment, submissive behaviours, early life experiences, parental styles in childhood, quality of interpersonal relationships, emotion regulation, gender, age, years of education, marital status and occupation, in the prediction of suicidal ideation. And the contribution of the ranking variables in predicting suicide attempts in this population. The studies, with a cross-sectional design, were conducted in nonclinical and clinical samples, comprising a total of 2017 Cape Verdean adolescents of both genders, with ages ranging from 14 to 22 years old. The results showed a not negligible prevalence of both suicidal ideation and parasuicide among the studied adolescents. They highlight the importance of social ranking variables (especially external shame, internal and external entrapment, and submissive behaviours), of depressive symptomatology and of hopelessness, in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Moreover, they emphasize the protective function of family social support in the onset of suicidal ideation. On the other hand, the results revealed the importance and the impact that early life experiences of threat, submissiveness and devaluation have on suicidal ideation, and the mediational role that difficulties in emotion regulation play in such association. In the clinical sample the results showed the importance of ranking variables, especially defeat, and of increased levels of depressive symptomatology, in predicting suicide attempt. To sum up, the results of this dissertation underline the importance of ranking variables in predicting suicidal ideation and parasuicide, of the perception of social support as a protective factor in the prediction of suicidal ideation, and of emotion regulation as a mediator on the relationship between early life experiences and suicidal ideation. These results are important to promote prevention efforts aimed at reducing suicidal behaviours, and to promote research and prevention efforts in the field of mental health in Cape Verde.

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