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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Suggestibility"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 10 marzo 2023

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1

Cunningham, Jacqueline L. "Contributions to the History of Psychology: XLVI. The Pioneer Work of Alfred Binet on Children as Eyewitnesses". Psychological Reports 62, n. 1 (febbraio 1988): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.271.

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The pioneer work of Alfred Binet (1857–1911) on eyewitness testimony (1900) often is cited today in support for a traditional view of the extreme suggestibility of children. Binet, on the other hand, interpreted his findings as showing that suggestibility is not a static trait among children but rather is a function of cognitive and social factors associated with attempts to influence during interrogation. Ironically, those conclusions made nearly 90 years ago are mirrored in modern conceptualizations of the nature of children's suggestibility. In light of renewed interest in historical work on this topic, this paper provides general information about Binet's La suggestibilité (1900) and of some reactions surrounding its publication.

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2

Maiorano, Tiziana, e Monia Vagni. "Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents". Social Sciences 9, n. 11 (22 ottobre 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9110186.

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Knowing the factors that influence children’s suggestibility is important in implementing the psychological variables to be evaluated during a forensic evaluation. In the interrogative suggestibility model, coping strategies intervene in determining the acceptance or rejection of the leading question. However, studies that investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and coping strategies had mixed results. Avoidance-oriented coping is associated with high level to immediate suggestibility and problem-focused with low levels. In this study, we measured immediate suggestibility, delayed suggestibility, and coping strategies in a sample of 100 children. We hypothesized that avoidance-oriented coping strategies have a predictive effect in increasing immediate suggestibility levels, in particular avoidance-oriented coping oriented towards the tendency to accept leading questions. No effect of coping strategies was expected on delayed suggestibility. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), a non-verbal IQ test, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Coping strategies were not related to delayed suggestibility, but avoidance-oriented coping correlated positively with immediate suggestibility. Avoidance-oriented coping emerged as the only significant predictive model for shift and total suggestibility, and its subscale distraction emerged as a predictor for Yield 1 and Yield 2. No predictors emerged for delayed suggestibility. Results are discussed for their theoretical implications.

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3

Gudjonsson, Gisli H. "Historical background to suggestibility: How interrogative suggestibility differs from other types of suggestibility". Personality and Individual Differences 8, n. 3 (gennaio 1987): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(87)90035-3.

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4

KURDYUKOVA, VIKTORIYA Y. "Suggestibility and susceptibility to information and psychological influence of law enforcement officers: possibilities of psychodiagnostic assessment". Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 235, n. 12 (2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-235-12-61-70.

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The article examines the relevance of the problem of studying the phenomenon of suggestibility as a factor of exposure to information and psychological influence in the modern information society in relation to the activities of law enforcement officers. The subject of the article is the methods of psycho-diagnostic assessment of suggestibility as a factor of susceptibility to information and psychological influence. The aim of the study is to analyze the features of the theoretical and empirical research of the suggestibility phenomenon and to determine the possibilities of its psycho-diagnostic assessment within the framework of the activities of practical psychologists of the law enforcement system. The methodological basis of the work was formed by general scientific and formal-logical research methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, generalization, typology and classification. As a result of the work carried out, the terminological apparatus was clarified within the framework of the problem set and the boundaries of the concept of suggestibility with related phenomena were determined. A theoretical review of the existing psycho-diagnostic tools for determining the degree of suggestibility (hypnotizability) is made: diagnostic methods for empirical research of the phenomenon that are found in scientific literature are analyzed and presented, and the author's classification of existing methods for determining the degree of suggestibility for various grounds is made. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using timely diagnostics and assessment of the degree of suggestibility of law enforcement officers using the methods described in the article, as well as about further preventive and corrective work with employees aimed at reducing exposure to information and psychological impact and the formation and strengthening of information and psychological stability, which will affect positively the efficiency of the law enforcement system. Key words: law enforcement officers, susceptibility to information and psychological influence, information and psychological stability, suggestibility, hypnotizability, suggestibility, suggestibility tests, methods for determining suggestibility, psychological experiment.

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5

Muris, Peter, Cor Meesters e Harald Merckelbach. "Correlates of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale in Delinquent Adolescents". Psychological Reports 94, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.1.264-266.

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Correlations between scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale and a number of relevant personality characteristics, i.e., intelligence, memory, social inadequacy, social desirability, and fantasy proneness, were examined in a sample of 71 delinquent boys. Analysis showed that intelligence and memory were negatively related to suggestibility scores. That is, lower memory and intelligence were associated with higher suggestibility. No significant correlations were found between suggestibility and other personality characteristics.

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6

Cowand, Alexandra, Melanie Schwandt, Alyssa Schneider, Jodi M. Gilman, Nancy Diazgranados, Vijay A. Ramchandani e Bethany L. Stangl. "4191 The Role of Suggestibility and Trait Anxiety in Young Adult Alcohol Use". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (giugno 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.438.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this study was to investigate how suggestibility and social susceptibility relate to alcohol use in young adult non-dependent alcohol users, and the role of trait anxiety in this relationship. We hypothesized that greater trait anxiety would be associated with higher levels of alcohol misuse, and this would be mediated by suggestibility. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Study participants enrolled in the NIAAA screening and assessment protocol completed questionnaires on suggestibility, anxiety, and alcohol use. The Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) is a 95-question self-report assessment of suggestibility. Trait anxiety is assessed with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-T). Alcohol measures included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV or DSM-5 disorders were conducted, and non-dependent participants (N = 113) were considered. A median split was conducted (median age = 35.1 years), with the focus of this study on the younger individuals (N = 55). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial analyses showed that suggestibility, alcohol misuse, and trait anxiety all had significant positive correlations with one another. To better understand the relationship of peer influence, specifically, with drinking and anxiety, MISS subscale of Peer Conformity was analyzed. MISS total score and Peer Conformity were positively correlated with AUDIT Total as well as STAI-T Score. STAI-T Score was additionally positively correlated with AUDIT Total (all p2 = 0.222). We also looked at Peer Conformity in place of MISS Total (R2 = 0.213). In both models, only suggestibility measures were significant predictors of harmful alcohol use (p<0.01). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In young social drinkers, there were significant positive associations between suggestibility, risky alcohol use, and trait anxiety. These results suggest that suggestibility may be a modifiable risk factor for risky alcohol consumption. Future directions include using mediation models to explore the associations between suggestibility, anxiety, and alcohol misuse.

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7

Thornton, Stephanie. "Counter-suggestibility". Child Care 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2010): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chca.2010.7.1.45726.

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8

Lindsay, D. Stephen. "Eyewitness Suggestibility". Current Directions in Psychological Science 2, n. 3 (giugno 1993): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770942.

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9

Imhoff, Molly Carter, e Lynne Baker-Ward. "Preschoolers' Suggestibility". Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 20, n. 3 (luglio 1999): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-3973(99)00022-2.

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Cowand, Alexandra, Bethany L. Stangl, Melanie L. Schwandt, Alyssa Schneider, Jodi M. Gilman, Nancy Diazgranados e Vijay A. Ramchandani. "3289 The Role of Suggestibility in Alcohol Use and Misuse". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (marzo 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.357.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Suggestibility, defined as the inclination to accept and internalize messages, has not been assessed much in relation to alcohol use. Prior research has shown that suggestibility to social cues and peer influence may play a role in driving alcohol consumption. Our previous work has shown associations between suggestibility and alcohol consumption in social drinkers. This study aims to examine how suggestibility and social susceptibility are related to ideas alcohol consumption and consequences across the spectrum of alcohol use and misuse. We hypothesize that those with higher suggestibility and social susceptibility reports will also have higher alcohol consumption and consequences, and that the impact of susceptibility is lower in dependent compared to non-dependent drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Study participants enrolled in the NIAAA screening and assessment protocol (N=157) completed questionnaires on suggestibility and alcohol consumption, The Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) is a 95-question self-report assessment of suggestibility which draws from subcategories of consumer suggestibility, perceivability, physiological suggestibility, physiological reactivity, and peer conformity. Alcohol measures included 90-day Timeline Followback interviews and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Participants also underwent the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV or DSM-5 disorders, and were stratified into two groups: alcohol dependent (N = 86) and non-dependent (N=71). Median split by age was additionally used to explore age’s relationship with suggestibility and alcohol with the under 36 (N = 45) and over 36 (N = 26) non-dependent groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial analyses showed marked differences between the dependent and non-dependent groups in the relationship between the MISS total score and AUDIT total score. The non-dependent group showed significant positive correlations between MISS and AUDIT scores (r = 0.460, p < 0.001), while the dependent group did not show any correlation between MISS and AUDIT scores. Further examination of these relationships in the nondependent group revealed that MISS scores were also significantly positively correlated with AUDIT subscores of consumption, harm, and dependence. Age was found to have a significant negative correlation with MISS score (r = −0.354, p < 0.01). To better understand the role of age, the sample was split based on the median age (36 yrs), and analyzed separately. Results indicated robust relationships between MISS score and AUDIT (r = 0.457, p < 0.01) in the younger age group. In addition, the younger age group also showed significant relationships between MISS score and 90-day TLFB measures of total drinks, days drinking, and heavy drinking days. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In non-dependent individuals, there was a significant positive relationship between suggestibility and alcohol measures, and these effects were amplified in younger individuals. No relationship was found between suggestibility and alcohol measures in the alcohol dependent individuals. This may be related to a greater impact of social and external contextual cues in younger social drinkers compared to dependent drinkers where tolerance and craving may have greater impact on alcohol consumption. These findings have important implications for traits that may put individuals at risk for developing harmful patterns of alcohol use and misuse. Future analyses will aim to examine biobehavioral underpinnings of the relationship between suggestibility and alcohol consumption.

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Vagni, Monia, Tiziana Maiorano e Valeria Giostra. "The Relationship between Suggestibility, Fabrication, Distortion, and Trauma in Suspected Sexually Abused Children". Social Sciences 10, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020037.

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Being a victim of abuse in childhood can lead to the development of trauma-related psychopathology, which could affect the testimony of the child victim. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a factor that can increase both the levels of suggestibility and the production of memory errors, such as confabulations, which can be identified in distortions and fabrications. No studies have analyzed the relationship between suggestibility, fabrications, distortions, and PTSD on samples of children and adolescents suspected of being sexually abused. This study aims to verify in a sample of 221 sexually abused children and adolescents the effect of PTSD, measured by Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children, in increasing the levels of immediate and delayed suggestibility and the production of fabrications and distortions in immediate and delayed memory tasks, obtained by Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2, controlling age and non-verbal intelligence. Our results show that PTSD increases the levels of immediate and delayed suggestibility, but it has no effect on memory recall in immediate recall tasks. Moreover, PTSD leads to a greater number of distorted and fabricated information inserted in delayed memory. Forensic implications of PTSD consequences on memory tasks and suggestibility levels of sexually abused children are discussed.

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12

Van Hook, Cheryl W., e Connie Steele. "Individual Personality Characteristics Related to Suggestibility". Psychological Reports 91, n. 3 (dicembre 2002): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.1007.

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The current study investigated the relationship between suggestibility of memory, personality characteristics identified by the Millon Index of Personality Traits, and tolerance for ambiguity measured by MacDonald's Ambiguity Tolerance-20. 85 female and 16 male college students were assigned to either an experimental group receiving the suggestive information or a control group. Suggestibility was assessed using Lindberg's suggestibility measure consisting of a short video, followed by a questionnaire used to assess memory, and a second administration one week later. Logistical regression analyses were used to construct a model of the personality characteristics predictive of suggestibility and indicated that susceptibility to suggestive information may differ across personalities for variables such as sensing, innovating, agreeing, and low tolerance of ambiguity.

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13

Persinger, M. A., e C. F. De Sano. "Temporal Lobe Signs: Positive Correlations with Imaginings and Hypnosis Induction Profiles". Psychological Reports 58, n. 2 (aprile 1986): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.2.347.

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Converging evidence suggests there should be a relationship between reports of subjective psi experiences, suggestibility, the capacity for imagining, and temporal lobe signs. An entire class ( n = 27) of university students was given the Personal Philosophy Inventory (which contains an indicator of temporal lobe signs) and the Wilson-Barber Inventory of Childhood Memories and Imaginings. The subjects were also evaluated individually on the hypnosis induction procedure (HIP) from Spiegel. There were positive intercorrelations (0.40 to 0.60) between responses on the imaginings, temporal lobe, and suggestibility measures. Clusters of control items for mundane psychological and proprioceptive experiences were not related to imagining, temporal lobe signs or suggestibility. Although temporal lobe signs were correlated with responses to items about paranormal experiences from both the Wilson-Barber and PPI inventories (and were highly correlated with each other), they were not associated with suggestibility. We concluded that, although subjective psi experience may not be influenced by suggestibility, it was associated with the propensity for temporal lobe signs which is frequently associated with the report of psi experiences.

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Holliday, Robyn E., Karen M. Douglas e Brett K. Hayes. "Children's Eyewitness Suggestibility". Cognitive Development 14, n. 3 (luglio 1999): 443–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2014(99)00014-3.

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Boon, Julian C. W., e James S. Baxter. "Minimizing interrogative suggestibility". Legal and Criminological Psychology 5, n. 2 (settembre 2000): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135532500168137.

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Cotterill, Ben F. "Gender and suggestibility". Forensic Update 1, n. 134 (settembre 2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.134.22.

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Daniel, Christina, e Oliver J. Mason. "Predicting Psychotic-Like Experiences during Sensory Deprivation". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/439379.

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Aims. This study aimed to establish the contribution of hallucination proneness, anxiety, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) reported during brief sensory deprivation.Method. Twenty-four high and 22 low hallucination-prone participants reported on PLEs occurring during brief sensory deprivation and at baseline. State/trait anxiety, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness were also measured.Results. Both groups experienced a significant increase in PLEs in sensory deprivation. The high hallucination prone group reported more PLEs both at baseline and in sensory deprivation. They also scored significantly higher on measures of state/trait anxiety, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness, though these did not explain the effects of group or condition. Regression analysis found hallucination proneness to be the best predictor of the increase in PLEs, with state anxiety also being a significant predictor. Fantasy proneness and suggestibility were not significant predictors.Conclusion. This study suggests the increase in PLEs reported during sensory deprivation reflects a genuine aberration in perceptual experience, as opposed to increased tendency to make false reports due to suggestibility of fantasy proneness. The study provides further support for the use of sensory deprivation as a safe and effective nonpharmacological model of psychosis.

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Gudjonsson, G. H., S. C. Rutter e I. C. H. Clare. "The relationship between suggestibility and anxiety among suspects detained at police stations". Psychological Medicine 25, n. 4 (luglio 1995): 875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035133.

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SYNOPSISThe present study investigated the relationship between anxiety, as measured by the State-Trait Inventory (Spielberger, 1983) and interrogative suggestibility, as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2, Gudjonsson, 1987). One hundred and sixty-one suspects detained at two English police stations for questioning were assessed prior to being interviewed by the police. Unexpectedly, trait anxiety correlated more consistently with suggestibility than did state anxiety. The correlations were consistently higher among the Caucasian than the Afro-Caribbean subjects and the Afro-Caribbean subjects were significantly more suggestible than the Caucasian subjects even after their GSS 2 memory and IQ scores had been controlled for. The main practical implications of the findings are that interrogative suggestibility cannot be easily evaluated from the person's self-reported anxiety and the situation in which people are assessed may influence the relationship between these psychological variables.

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Kunzendorf, Robert G., e Michelle Benoit. "Spontaneous Post-Hypnotic Amnesia and Spontaneous Rehypnotic Recovery in Repressers". Imagination, Cognition and Personality 5, n. 4 (giugno 1986): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n4k9-d37x-7532-fue1.

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The Salpêtrière school of hypnosis posited that true hypnotic effects occur spontaneously in people with repressive tendencies. Consistent with this early position, the current study indicates that both spontaneous amnesia after hypnosis and spontaneous recovery during rehypnosis are statistically associated with repression (but not with hypnotic suggestibility). In contrast, both suggested forgetting and suggested recovery are statistically associated with hypnotic suggestibility (but not with repression). Whereas the latter effects of suggestibility are attributable to the demand characteristics of hypnotic suggestions, the spontaneous effects of hypnosis on repressers' memories are not reducible to social psychological principles.

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Schneider, Alyssa, Bethany Stangl, Elgin R. Yalin, Jodi M. Gilman e Vijay Ramchandani. "2138 Susceptibility to social influence is associated with alcohol self-administration and subjective alcohol effects". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (giugno 2018): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.183.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Peer groups are one of the strongest determinants of alcohol use and misuse. Furthermore, social influence plays a significant role in alcohol use across the lifespan. One of the factors that most consistently predicts successful treatment outcomes for alcohol use disorders is one’s ability to change their social network. However, the concept of social influence as defined by suggestibility or susceptibility to social influence has not yet been studied as it relates to drinking behavior and acute subjective response to alcohol. Our objective was to examine the relationship between suggestibility and alcohol consumption and responses, using an intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) paradigm in social drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, social drinkers (n=20) completed a human laboratory session in which they underwent the IV-ASA paradigm. This consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where participants were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak and average breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and number of button presses. Subjective responses were assessed using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) collected serially during the session. Participants completed the Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) to assess suggestibility. The Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ) was used to assess alcohol expectancies and the Timeline Followback questionnaire measured recent drinking history. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After controlling for drinking history, greater suggestibility significantly predicted greater average BrAC, greater peak BrAC, and a greater number of button presses (p=0.03, p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively) during the early open bar phase. Suggestibility significantly predicted subjective alcohol effects following the priming phase which included “Feel,” “Want,” “High,” and “Intoxicated” and was trending for “Like” (p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03, p=0.054, respectively) as well as AUQ (p=0.03). After controlling for drinking history, suggestibility significantly predicted “Feel,” “Like,” “High,” and “Intoxicated” peak scores during the open bar phase (p=0.03, p=0.009, p=0.03, p=0.03, respectively). There was no association between suggestibility and “Want More” alcohol. Suggestibility was positively associated with three positive expectancies (global positive; p=0.04, social expressiveness; p=0.005, relaxation; p=0.03), and one negative expectancy (cognitive and physical impairment; p=0.02). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that social drinkers that were more suggestible had higher alcohol consumption, greater acute subjective response to alcohol, and more positive alcohol expectancies. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of alcohol consumption, and may provide insight into harmful drinking behavior such as binge drinking. Future analyses should examine the impact of suggestibility on alcohol-related phenotypes across the spectrum of drinking from social to binge and heavy drinking patterns.

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Sufyan Saeb Salman, Natik Fahal Al-Kubaisy, Mohamed Abbas Mohamed,. "Suggestibility And Its Relationship To Emotional Thinking Among University Students". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 2786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1162.

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Identifying the level of suggestibility and emotional thinking among university students is the key aim of this research, as well as identifying the significance of differences according to gender (males - females), and the correlation between the two variables. In order to verify this, the researchers adopted the measure of suggestibility prepared by "Roman Kotov" (2004), Arabized by (Abdul Rahman 2014), where the number of its final paragraphs reached (79) paragraphs, and adopted the scale of emotional thinking prepared by Abdullah 2017). The scale consisted of (27) final paragraphs, and their psychometric characteristics were ascertained, where the two tools were applied to a sample of (160) male and female students who were selected in a stratified random method from four colleges at the University of Baghdad: (College of Political Science and College of Education / Ibn Rushd, College of Engineering, and College of Science), for the academic year 2019-2020. The results of the research showed the following: University students do not have a tendency to suggestibility. There are no differences between (males and females) in suggestibility. University students have emotional thinking. There are no differences between (male and female) in emotional thinking. There is no correlation between suggestibility and emotional thinking among university students.

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Horoiță, Andreea, e Adrian Opre. "False Memories in Online Misinformation Experimental Context". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Psychologia-Paedagogia 67, n. 2 (5 dicembre 2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbpsyped.2022.2.01.

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"In times of pandemic and afterwards, online platforms and settings have been intensively used. With the purpose of investigating how this setting affected our memory, recent studies have found that memory distortions are present in online environments as well. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to assess misinformation effect in online context, more specifically to assess misinformation effect using leading questions and suggestibility techniques in online format. Our results indicate the presence of misinformation effect through suggestibility, but not through leading questions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Keywords: misinformation effect; leading questions; suggestibility; false memories; eyewitness testimony; online context "

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Gudjonsson, Gisli H. "Interrogative suggestibility: factor analysis of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2)". Personality and Individual Differences 13, n. 4 (aprile 1992): 479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90077-3.

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Rossi-Arnaud, Clelia, Pietro Spataro, Divya Bhatia e Vincenzo Cestari. "Collaborative remembering reduces suggestibility: A study with the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale". Memory 27, n. 5 (novembre 2018): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1542004.

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Strika, Evija, e Raitis Eglītis. "THE ROLE OF SUGGESTIBILITY IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS: CASE REPORT". Visuomenės sveikata 28, n. 4 (20 novembre 2018): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2018.048.

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Suggestibility is the degree to which someone responds to and is influenced by suggestions made by someone or something. Scientific studies have shown that suggestibility most often correlates with memory processing, false memory and false confession phenomena and is crucial to child testimony and forensic psychological examination. Traditionally, there are two general suggestibility research approaches: the experimental psychology and the individual difference approach. Experimentally designed studies reflect the effects of misinformation – conditions under which suggestions affect recall of events. The individual difference approach seeks to identify people as being more or less suggestible, relating different degrees of suggestibility with several cognitive and personality variables. Both approaches suggest that certain social, cognitive and psychological factors affect the accuracy of a person`s report (testimony). The current article will focus primary on the accuracy of children reports in the context of forensic psychological examination. The inaccuracy can be due to unconscious assimilation of false suggestions and pressure made by those (usually adults) who have access to the child (suggestibility) or to conscious lies on the part of the child. Some data extractions from research in relation to factors affecting the accuracy of children`s reports during forensic psychological examinations and overall children`s testimonies will be provided. In this context, a case study from forensic psychological examination will be discussed.

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Roma, Paolo, Ugo Sabatello, Giorgia Verrastro e Stefano Ferracuti. "Comparison between Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2 (GSS2) and Bonn Test of Statement Suggestibility (BTSS) in measuring children’s interrogative suggestibility". Personality and Individual Differences 51, n. 4 (settembre 2011): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.05.003.

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Otgaar, Henry, Mark L. Howe, Harald Merckelbach e Peter Muris. "Who Is the Better Eyewitness? Sometimes Adults but at Other Times Children". Current Directions in Psychological Science 27, n. 5 (14 settembre 2018): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721418770998.

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Suggestibility is regarded as a major issue when children testify in court. Many legal professionals and memory researchers view children as inferior witnesses. Although differences in suggestibility exist between children and adults, they are much more complex than is usually assumed. We show that under certain conditions, adults are more susceptible than children to suggestion and false memories. We provide evidence that age-related shifts in suggestibility and false memory appear contingent on how quickly and automatically children and adults make associations when experiencing events. Specifically, when confronted with suggestive information about a related but nonexperienced detail, adults more frequently automatically generate links between items experienced and those already in memory, making them more susceptible to suggestion than children.

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Kirsch, Irving, e Wayne Braffman. "Imaginative Suggestibility and Hypnotizability". Current Directions in Psychological Science 10, n. 2 (aprile 2001): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00115.

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29

Pritchard-Boone, Lea, e Lillian M. Range. "Suicidality and Interrogative Suggestibility". Archives of Suicide Research 9, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110500182265.

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30

Thorley, Craig. "Memory conformity and suggestibility". Psychology, Crime & Law 19, n. 7 (agosto 2013): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2011.648637.

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31

WARREN, AMYE R., e LUCY S. McGOUGH. "Research on Children's Suggestibility". Criminal Justice and Behavior 23, n. 2 (giugno 1996): 269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854896023002003.

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32

Edmonston, William E. "Hypnosis and social suggestibility". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, n. 3 (settembre 1986): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00046586.

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33

Schooler, Jonathan. "Some Suggestions About Suggestibility". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 38, n. 3 (marzo 1993): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/033139.

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34

Nicolas, Serge, Thérèse Collins, Yannick Gounden e Henry L. Roediger. "Natural suggestibility in children". Consciousness and Cognition 20, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.11.001.

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35

Register, Patricia A., e John F. Kihlstrom. "Hypnosis and interrogative suggestibility". Personality and Individual Differences 9, n. 3 (gennaio 1988): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(88)90152-3.

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36

Yu, Calvin Kai-Ching. "Defence mechanisms and suggestibility". Contemporary Hypnosis 23, n. 4 (2006): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ch.321.

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37

Alm, Charlotte, Nora Helmy Rehnberg e Torun Lindholm. "Language and eyewitness suggestibility". Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 16, n. 3 (19 luglio 2019): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jip.1529.

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38

Biondi, Silvia, Cristina Mazza, Graziella Orrù, Merylin Monaro, Stefano Ferracuti, Eleonora Ricci, Alberto Di Domenico e Paolo Roma. "Interrogative suggestibility in the elderly". PLOS ONE 15, n. 11 (16 novembre 2020): e0241353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241353.

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Abstract (sommario):

Interrogative suggestibility (IS) describes the extent to which an individual behavioral response is affected by messages communicated during formal questioning within a closed social interaction. The present study aimed at improving knowledge about IS in the elderly (aged 65 years and older), in particular about its association with both emotive/affective and cognitive variables. The sample (N = 172) was divided into three groups on the basis of age: late adult (aged 55–64, N = 59), young elderly (aged 65–74, N = 63), and elderly (aged 75 and older, N = 50). Cognitive (i.e., Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), emotive/affective (i.e., Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and suggestibility measures (i.e., Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale-2) were administered. In order to identify differences and associations between groups in IS, cognitive and emotive/affective variables, ANOVAs tests and Pearson’s correlations were run. Furthermore, moderation analyses and hierarchical regression were set to determine whether age, cognitive and emotive/affective variables predicted IS components (i.e., Yield and Shift). Finally, machine learning models were developed to highlight the best strategy for classifying elderly subjects with high suggestibility. The results corroborated the significant link between IS and age, showing that elderly participants had the worst performance on all suggestibility indexes. Age was also the most important predictor of both Yield and Shift. Results also confirmed the important role of non-verbal intelligence and memory impairment in explaining IS dimensions, showing that these associations were stronger in young elderly and elderly groups. Implications about interrogative procedures with older adults were discussed.

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Polczyk, Romuald. "Factor structure of suggestibility revisited: new evidence for direct and indirect suggestibility". Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2 (2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2016.60249.

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40

Karpinski, Aryn C., e Matthew H. Scullin. "Suggestibility under pressure: Theory of mind, executive function, and suggestibility in preschoolers". Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30, n. 6 (novembre 2009): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.004.

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41

VAN BERGEN, SASKIA, MARKO JELICIC e HARALD MERCKELBACH. "Are subjective memory problems related to suggestibility, compliance, false memories, and objective memory performance?" American Journal of Psychology 122, n. 2 (1 luglio 2009): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784395.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The relationship between subjective memory beliefs and suggestibility, compliance, false memories, and objective memory performance was studied in a community sample of young and middle-aged people (N = 142). We hypothesized that people with subjective memory problems would exhibit higher suggestibility and compliance levels and would be more susceptible to false recollections than those who are optimistic about their memory. In addition, we expected a discrepancy between subjective memory judgments and objective memory performance. We found that subjective memory judgments correlated significantly with compliance, with more negative memory judgments accompanying higher levels of compliance. Contrary to our expectation, subjective memory problems did not correlate with suggestibility or false recollections. Furthermore, participants were accurate in estimating their objective memory performance.

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Giles, Jessica W., Alison Gopnik e Gail D. Heyman. "Source Monitoring Reduces the Suggestibility of Preschool Children". Psychological Science 13, n. 3 (maggio 2002): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00453.

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Abstract (sommario):

The relation between source monitoring and suggestibility was examined among preschool children. Thirty-two 3- to 5-year-olds were simultaneously presented with a brief story in two different modalities, as a silent video vignette and a spoken narrative. Each modality presented unique information about the story, but the information in the two versions was mutually compatible. The children were then asked a series of questions, including questions about the source (modality) of story details, and leading questions about story details (to assess suggestibility). Performance on the source-monitoring questions was highly correlated with the ability to resist suggestion. In addition, children who were asked source-monitoring questions prior to leading questioning were less susceptible to suggestion than were those who were asked the leading questions first. This study provides evidence that source monitoring can play a causal role in reducing the suggestibility of preschool children.

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Gudjonsson, G. H., J. F. Sigurdsson, O. O. Bragason, A. K. Newton e E. Einarsson. "Interrogative suggestibility, compliance and false confessions among prisoners and their relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms". Psychological Medicine 38, n. 7 (14 febbraio 2008): 1037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708002882.

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Abstract (sommario):

BackgroundInterrogative suggestibility and compliance are important psychological vulnerabilities during interrogation. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of suggestibility and compliance with childhood and current symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Compliance has not been studied previously in relation to ADHD. A further aim was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and the reporting of having made a false confession to the police.MethodThe participants were 90 male prisoners, all of whom had completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility and Compliance Scales (GSS and GCS) within 10 days of admission to the prison. Childhood ADHD symptoms were screened by the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and current adult symptoms by the DSM-IV Checklist criteria for ADHD.ResultsHalf of the prisoners (50%) were found on screening to meet criteria for ADHD in childhood and, of those, over half (60%) were either fully symptomatic or in partial remission of their symptoms. ADHD symptoms were found to be significantly associated with compliance, but not with suggestibility. The relationship with compliance was stronger (effect size) in relation to current than childhood symptoms. The ADHD symptomatic groups were significantly more likely to claim that they had made a false confession to the police in the past.ConclusionsThe findings raise important questions about the potential vulnerability of adults with ADHD symptoms in terms of their ability to cope with interrogation.

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Denne, Emily, Colleen Sullivan, Kyle Ernest e Stacia N. Stolzenberg. "Assessing Children’s Credibility in Courtroom Investigations of Alleged Child Sexual Abuse: Suggestibility, Plausibility, and Consistency". Child Maltreatment 25, n. 2 (8 settembre 2019): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519872825.

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Abstract (sommario):

As children’s testimonies of child sexual abuse (CSA) often lack concrete evidence to corroborate a child’s claims, attorneys devote a substantial amount of time to establishing a child as credible during the course of a trial. Examining 134 CSA victim testimonies for children aged 5–17 ( M = 12.48, SD = 3.34; 90% female), we explored how attorneys assess child credibility through specifically targeting children’s suggestibility/honesty, plausibility, and consistency. Results revealed that while prosecutors examine plausibility more often to establish credibility, defense attorneys focus their assessments on suggestibility/honesty and potential inconsistency. However, both attorneys asked many more questions about children’s consistency than any other area of potential credibility. Furthermore, while prosecutors ask proportionally more credibility-challenging questions of older children, the defense do not. These results suggest that prosecutors may be missing an opportunity to establish children as honest and consistent and elucidate a need to train attorneys on the implications of children’s inconsistencies, suggestibility, and plausible abuse dynamics.

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Emma, Barkus, Stirling John e Cavill John. "Suggestibility, Dissociation and Positive Schizotypy". Clínica y Salud 21, n. 1 (2010): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/cl2010v21n1a1.

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46

Lindsay, D. Stephen, e Marcia K. Johnson. "The reversed eyewitness suggestibility effect". Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 27, n. 2 (febbraio 1989): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03329912.

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47

Wagner, Mahlon W., e Fredrick H. Ratzeburg. "Hypnotic Suggestibility and Paranormal Belief". Psychological Reports 60, n. 3_part_2 (giugno 1987): 1069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294187060003-209.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

The beliefs of upperclass college students (208) toward the paranormal were correlated with scores on the Harvard Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and several personality measures. The Harvard scale scores correlated significantly with reported psychic experiences, church attendance, Taylor's Anxiety Scale, Adorno's Stereotypy/Superstition, and attitudes toward parapsychology and the supernatural.

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Mitchell, Karen J., e Maria S. Zaragoza. "Contextual overlap and eyewitness suggestibility". Memory & Cognition 29, n. 4 (giugno 2001): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200462.

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49

WAGNER, MAHLON W., e FREDRICK H. RATZEBURG. "HYPNOTIC SUGGESTIBILITY AND PARANORMAL BELIEF". Psychological Reports 60, n. 3c (giugno 1987): 1069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.3c.1069.

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50

Ceci, Stephen J., Paul B. Papierno e Sarah Kulkofsky. "Representational Constraints on Children's Suggestibility". Psychological Science 18, n. 6 (giugno 2007): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01930.x.

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