Articoli di riviste: "Substance abuse Psychological aspects"

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STEIN, TERRY S. "Psychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS". American Journal of Psychiatry 147, n. 2 (febbraio 1990): 252—a—253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.2.252-a.

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Reinecke, Mark A. "Psychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1, n. 1 (febbraio 1989): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.1.1.92.

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Gorman, Jack M. "Psychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 177, n. 12 (dicembre 1989): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198912000-00013.

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Burgess, Mary. "Psychological, neuropsychiatric and substance abuse aspects of aids". Behaviour Research and Therapy 27, n. 5 (1989): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(89)90108-3.

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No authorship indicated. "Review of Psychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, n. 7 (luglio 1989): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030964.

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GOY,, ELIZABETH R., AMY SCHULTZ, e LINDA GANZINI. "Psychological and psychiatric aspects of palliative care: An annotated bibliography". Palliative and Supportive Care 1, n. 2 (giugno 2003): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951503030293.

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Articles from the last decade that have propelled the field of palliative care are reviewed. The areas of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, delirium, and grief are represented by seminal articles that define, explore, or thoroughly review these topics.

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Kaur, Arshdeep, Sanjeev Mahajan, S. S. Deepti e Tejbir Singh. "Socio-psychological and cultural aspects of substance abuse: a study done at Swami Vivekananda Drug Deaddiction Centre, Government Medical College, Amritsar". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n. 6 (27 maggio 2020): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202460.

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Background: The problem of substance abuse has spread to almost every part of the globe surmounting almost all barriers of race, caste, religion, sex and educational status. The interaction of various cultural, psychological, social, variables like stress, peer pressure, unemployment, early age of initiation results in the development of substance abuse. It is important to address these factors so that severity of relapses can be reduced and quality of life is improved. Aims and objectives were to study the role of cultural and socio-psychological factors in substance abuse.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Study population consisted of substance abusers enrolled at Swami Vivekananda Drug Deaddiction Centre. Study took place at Swami Vivekananda Drug Deaddiction Centre attached to the Government Medical College, Amritsar, from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015. Sample size consisted of 400 males. The collected data was entered in Microsoft excel sheets and analysed using Epi Info version 7.Results: Mean age was 28.5 years, 64% were high and intermediate pass, 47% belonged to lower middle class, 23% were unemployed, 61% married, 83% of the respondents belonged to Sikh religion, 76% were introduced to drugs by their friends, significant association was found between problem of thinking and communication and drug addiction , 62% showed escapism to problems of life.Conclusions: Findings confirm that socio-psychological and cultural factors including peer pressure, availability of drugs, unemployment are powerful stimuli for substance abuse and sits relapse, hence it is important to highlight these issues.

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Harris, Nicholas, James N. Brazeau, Edward P. Rawana, Keith Brownlee e Rupert Klein. "Self-Perceived Strengths Among Adolescents With and Without Substance Abuse Problems". Journal of Drug Issues 47, n. 2 (7 gennaio 2017): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042616687118.

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The importance of examining positive aspects of youth development has been emphasized across disciplines involved in the care of youth with substance abuse problems. However, little is known about the strengths of adolescents with substance abuse problems, especially youth entering residential treatment. Utilizing the Strengths Assessment Inventory, a measure assessing psychological and social strengths, we examined patterns of strengths across groups of age- and gender-matched youth who reported no substance use, frequent substance use, and those entering treatment for severe substance use. Each group consisted of 43 participants ranging in age from 14 to 18 years. Results indicated that, on average, individuals entering treatment scored lower on personal strengths. However, through the use of more sophisticated statistical approaches, it was found that certain strengths were predictive of individuals belonging to the treatment group. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the treatment of adolescent substance abuse problems.

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Ojha, Saroj Prasad, A. Pokharel, R. P. Aacharya, K. R. Pandey, C. L. Bhusal e M. N. Marhatta. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY AMONG INJECTABLE DRUG USERS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY". Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, n. 141 (1 gennaio 2003): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.730.

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On the background of ever increasing HIV transmission in our community throughvarious routes, the psychosocial factors related with intravenous drug abuse has becomenecessary to be studied. Aim of the study was to assess the Socio-psychological factorsthat influence people to use drugs, especially to use Injectable drugs. We enrolled asample of 393 Intravenous drug users, all male, in the Kathmandu Valley. Participantswere administered a semi structured proforma to assess the psychosocial issues relatedwith the drug intravenous drug abuse. Mean age of the sample was 27.76+ 4.86 years.Majority were single, unemployed, Hindu and by caste Newars, with education morethan high school (SLC or more). The first psychoactive substance use by most of themwas cannabis. The most frequently used psychoactive substance was injectionBuprenorphine (Tidigesic), which was followed by mixture of various substances(opiates, benzodiazepines, antihistamines) and Diacetyl morphine (Brown sugar).Factors associated with the start of the drugs were for enjoyment, friend’s pressureand to alleviate mental tension. Many accepted Injectable drug use contributing toproblems in mental, marital, social, economic and legal aspects of their life. Despiteknowing the harms caused by the drugs majority persist on its use. A needle exchangeprogramme has been viewed positively by many.Key words: buprenorphin, needle sharing, needle replacement, HIV transmission.

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Chen, Zongyuan. "The influence of psychological control in parenting on children". BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 20 (18 ottobre 2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2163.

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A large amount of literature suggests that all aspects of children’s live will be impacted by excessive parental psychological control, and this paper finds that excessive parental psychological control has an impact on children's peer relationships, family relationships, and adolescent maladjustment. In particular, when parents do not exert psychological control over their adolescents, the adolescents may become involved in drugs and substance abuse as a result of low-quality peer relationships. In addition, this paper focuses on the fact that Chinese families have stronger psychological control than Western families, and that there are bidirectional effects of psychological control in the Chinese family samples. The results discussed in this paper may provide direction for future research, as psychological control is stronger in the Chinese sample and has bidirectional effects.

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Fridinger, Fred, e Beverly Dehart. "A Model for the Inclusion of a Physical Fitness and Health Promotion Component in a Chemical Abuse Treatment Program". Journal of Drug Education 23, n. 3 (settembre 1993): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xtkp-a4y7-ppb5-wm36.

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Alcohol and other substance abuse treatment programs are focusing more on the wellbeing of the total patient rather than just targeting functional sobriety. Various explanations are offered in this article for the inclusion of a fitness and health promotion component in a chemical abuse treatment program. The treatment program at Charter Hospital of Fort Worth, Texas, is discussed in detail, including a comprehensive medical examination, fitness and nutritional screenings, and appropriate exercise activities. Educational sessions are offered on health fitness, risk reduction, stress management, smoking cessation, proper nutrition and the positive psychological aspects of exercise. The implications of a health/fitness component in the recovery process are emphasized.

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Prajapati, Bhavesh B., Mihir R. Dedun, Harshdev S. Jalfava e Aparajita A. Shukla. "A study of socio-demographic profile and pattern of drug use among substance abusers attending mind care de-addiction center in Ahmedabad". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, n. 1 (24 dicembre 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185259.

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Background: Substance abuse has emerged as a global phenomenon and prevalent throughout the world in all the cultures. Abuse of alcoholic beverages and tobacco are endemic in many societies, whilst the abuse of other psychoactive substances is growing concern in India. It has major impact on physical, psychological, social and environmental aspect of life.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out amongst 100 persons attended at Mind Care de-addiction centre, Ahmedabad during the period of 1st January to 28th February 2018 with the help of pretested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Majority of the substance abusers were males (98%) and within the age group of 31 to 45 years (46%). Out of total abusers 28% were graduate and 47% doing skilled work. Majority of study participants were married (47%), belong to joint families (92%) and belongs to socio economic class I and II (50%). Most commonly used drug was alcohol (64%), followed by tobacco (20%), cannabis (12%) and opium (4%). Majority of users started to use it for social reasons (33%) and stress (26%). They got it for the first time from friends in 62% cases and 36% got by themselves. Health related changes were experienced in more than 50% of cases. Out of them, 84% feel improvement after visiting the centre.Conclusions: Drug use pattern is ever changing and has emerged as a global burden as it causes serious public health problems. There is a felt need for the assessment of the evolving trends of substance abuse. And suitable interventions for primary prevention should be considered.

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Assadbeigi, Hossein, Abbas Pourshahbaz, Parvaneh Mohamadkhani e Ali Farhoudian. "Effectiveness of Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) on Quality of Life and Depression in Families with Drug Abuse". Global Journal of Health Science 9, n. 3 (12 luglio 2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n3p167.

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<p>Drug abuse as a biological, psychological, and social problem affect all life aspects including quality of life and cause socio-psychological problems. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) Method on quality of life and depression in family members of substance abusers. This was a quasi-experimental study with control group in which the pre-test and post-test were used. In the present study, two experimental groups (CRAFT and Nar-Anon) and a control group were used using the purposive sampling selected from the family members of substance abusers who referred to the methadone treatment clinic in Tehran. Each of groups consisted of 25 people. CRAFT groups were trained in 12 sessions of intervention techniques. Nar-Anon groups participated in self-help sessions and control did not receive any training. All three groups completed the BDI-II Test and WHO Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire and the results were analyzed using SPSS-16. The results of two intervention methods compared with the control group showed no significant effect in reducing depression. CRAFT and Nar-Anon interventions were not effective in reducing the depression of family members of drug abuse patients but both were effective in promoted the quality of their life compared with control group.</p>

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Gligor, Șerban, e Răzvan Gligor. "Aspects regarding the use of drugs among athletes". Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 11, n. 20 (1 settembre 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tperj-2018-0007.

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Abstract Drug abuse among athletes is a current and very important issue, both ethically and in terms of health risks. In addition to the drugs prescribed for the treatment of some diseases, athletes can also use substances that artificially increase their performance, such as: stimulants, anabolics, opioids, erythropoietin, diuretics as well as substances used to mask the prohibited substances. The aim of this study is to review the data from the literature about the use of various drugs by athletes, for therapeutic purposes, or to increase sports performance. Methods: We identified several studies using the on-line databases, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Searches were limited to full-text English-language journal articles published between 2003 and 2014. Results: After the primary analyses we selected a total of 30 relevant studies on this topic. Even if there is progress in detecting prohibited substances that increase sports performance, doping prevalence persists in sport. Conclusion: In order to prevent and disrupt drug abuse, appropriate measures should be taken by physicians and coaches, such as warning about the risks of doping, appropriate training, appropriate nutrition and an appropriate psychological approach.

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Vilela, Thaís dos Reis, Rebeca de Souza e. Silva, Camila Garcia de Grandi, Marina Monzani da Rocha e Neliana Buzi Figlie. "Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children Living With Addicted Family Members: Prevention Challenges in an Underprivileged Suburban Community". Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 26, n. 64 (agosto 2016): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272664201610.

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Abstract Children living with substance abusers are more likely to experience negative outcomes. Our goal was to compare caregivers' reports on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a socioeconomic and risk form of psychological aspects of children exposed to substance abuse assisted versus not assisted by a preventive intervention program in an underprivileged community. This observational intervention study was conducted with 66 caregivers of children who attended the program and 35 caregivers of children from the same community who did not attend. Ages ranged between six and 11 years old. Chi-square and logistic regression tests indicate that children exposed to substance abusers have more mental health problems than the general population and those who did not participate in the preventive intervention program presented worse outcomes, with higher rates of behavioral/emotional problems and exposure to risk situations. Results suggest that preventive actions might be helpful to promote the mental health of children at risk, validating the need for public policies and services.

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Tripathi, R. "Women substance use in india: An important but often overlooked aspect". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (aprile 2021): S818—S819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2163.

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IntroductionSubstance abuse has traditionally been considered as a disease of men. Women were believed to have some kind of immunity in terms of “social inoculation”. However, due to change in societal norms and beliefs, substance use is currently increasing among women also.ObjectivesTo focus on female substance use in IndiaMethodsIn India, traditional use of various substances by women during religious festivals is not unknown. Chewing tobacco is a common practice among many women across the country. Cultural use of alcohol has been known in some tribal populations but gradually the use is increasing. There is major difference in pattern of male and female substance use including initiation, progression, recovery and relapse. Women experience greater medical, physiological and psychological impairment and experience loss of control sooner than males. Teatment needs of female substance users is different and requires a gender specific comprehensive strategy which will require medical services, mental health services, services for family and child and employment opportunities.ResultsCurrently, there is no Indian policy for women substance use. However, Government of India has started a convergence program which includes National AIDS Control program (NACP), National rural health mission (NRHM) and reproductive or sexually transmitted infection (RTI/STI) to combat some aspects.Conclusions India is in great need of a policy or at least a standard operative protocol for management of female substance use disorder which may include screening for substance use disorder for all females accessing health sector, counselling, referral to addiction services, formation of a treating team and after –care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Haines, Janet, Christopher L. Williams e Kerryn L. Brain. "The Psychopathology of Incarcerated Self-Mutilators". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, n. 9 (novembre 1995): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000903.

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Objective To investigate the symptomatology of severe psychopathology reported by male incarcerated self-mutilators. Method Comparisons were made with a nonmutilating incarcerated group and a nonincarcerated, nonmutilator group. Results A distinctive pattern of symptomatology emerged. Self-mutilators evidenced a wide range of elevated scores on general measures of psychological/psychiatric symptoms, particularly depression and hostility. Aspects of hostility that distinguished self-mutilators from other groups included the urge to act out hostile feelings, critical feelings towards others, paranoid feelings of hostility and guilt. Self-mutilators demonstrated substantial problems with substance abuse, particularly alcohol. Conclusion A pattern of passive-aggressive, schizoid and avoidant personality styles distinguished self-mutilators from other groups.

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Caccavale, Stefano, Vittorio Tancredi, Maria Pia Boccellino, Graziella Babino, Elisabetta Fulgione e Giuseppe Argenziano. "Hidradenitis Suppurativa Burdens on Mental Health: A Literature Review of Associated Psychiatric Disorders and Their Pathogenesis". Life 13, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2023): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010189.

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Skin, mental health and the central nervous system (CNS) are connected by a deep link. It is not only the aesthetic and sometimes the disfiguring aspects of dermatological conditions that can cause a severe psychological burden; also, different studies have shown how chronic skin-inflammatory diseases may influence the activity of the CNS and vice versa. Moreover, the skin and brain share a common embryogenic origin. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the hair follicles of the apocrine regions. The main clinical features are nodules, abscesses, cysts, fistulae and disfiguring scars. Pain and stinking discharge from fistulae are often present. It is not surprising that the psychological burden associated with HS is frequently a challenge in dermatologists’ daily routines. Patients often suffer from depression and anxiety, but also from substance abuse, psychotic and bipolar disorders and an increased suicide risk. The aim of this article is to review the main psychiatric disorders associated with HS and their pathophysiology. Research on Pubmed was conducted with the key words Hidradenitis suppurativa, psychiatric, depression, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia, abuse, suicidal. A high incidence of psychiatric disorders has been described in HS compared to controls. Hidradenitis suppurativa is not a rare disease, and acknowledging the HS psychological burden, psychiatric-associated diseases and associated biomolecular pathways will help dermatologists to better care for their patients.

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SOLOMON, G. "Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, vol. 44, psychological, neuropsychiatric, and substance abuse aspects of AIDS Edited by . Raven Press, New York, 261 pp". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2, n. 2 (giugno 1988): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-1591(88)90018-9.

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Zain, Ismaini, Erma Oktania Permatasari, Mardiyono Mardiyono, Amri Muhaimin e Dwilaksana Abdullah Rasyid. "ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF TEENAGERS AND FAMILY FUNCTIONS ON TEENAGERS’ BEHAVIOR FOR CONSUMING DRUGS IN EAST JAVA". Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 11, n. 02 (1 novembre 2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v11i02.2022.122-133.

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This research aims to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of teenagers and family functions as well as the understanding of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances on the behavior of teenagers consuming drugs in East Java as a response variable with a binary scale. The data source obtained through secondary data from the Performance Survey and Accountability Program 2019 with the observation unit teenagers aged 10-24 years. The sample used is 4,649. The analytical method used is descriptive statistics, the Chi-square method, and Odds Ratio (OR). The percentage of adolescent consuming drugs is 4.1% descriptively. The relationship analysis shows that the variables significantly related to young people's behavior in consuming drugs are gender, place of residence, level of education, age group, religious values, and psychological consequences. From the OR figures concluded that young males are 3.2 times more at risk of consuming drugs than young females. From the aspect of family function, it can be inferred that the percentage of young substance abusers from families who apply religious values is greater than those who do not. The findings of this research show that the risk of young people from families who practice religious functions becoming substance abusers are 1.61 times more compared to families who do not practice it. The understanding of drugs is not always related to teenagers' behavior in consuming drugs, because those who understand the psychological consequences of substance abuse are also 1.64 times more at risk of using drugs compared to teenagers who do not understand.

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Kapse, Nitin S., Sushama S. Thakre, Subhash B. Thakre e Shushanki N. Kapse. "A cross sectional comparative study of quality of life of treatments seekers at de-addiction centre in central India using WHO BREF scale". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, n. 11 (25 ottobre 2017): 4266. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174841.

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Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a major global health problem affecting quality of life of human being. It has major impact on physical, psychological, social and environmental aspect of life. The aim is to assess Quality of Life (QoL) of persons seeking treatment at de-addiction centre by comparing it with those not seeking treatment, using WHOQOL BREF scale. Methods: A cross sectional comparative study is done on 250 persons admitted and seeking treatment at de-addiction centre during August 2014 to December 2015. A five-point scale rated WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Results: Majority of study participants (85.60%) rated their quality of life as poor when compared to comparison group who rated their quality of life as good (52.80%). Majority of study participants (82.80%) were dissatisfied with their health. It was observed that the mean score of the physical, psychological, social and environmental domain in the study group was significantly lower in study group when compared to comparison group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Substance abuse had detrimental effect on the physical, social, psychological and environmental domain affecting their overall health and quality of life.

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Holmes, Valerie F. "Psychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, Volume 44.T. Peter Bridge , Allan F. Mirsky , Frederick K. Goodwin". Quarterly Review of Biology 64, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416208.

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Pisano, Douglas J. "Controlled Substances and Pain Management: Regulatory Oversight, Formularies, and Cost Decisions". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, n. 4 (1996): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1996.tb01872.x.

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Pharmacists, physicians, and other health care personnel practice within an integrated system of laws and regulations that influence many treatment modalities. Capitation, managed care, and other controls strain these relationships by mandating greater oversight of how health care is delivered. From a pharmacists’s perspective, any use of medication requites knowledge of three omnipresent factors: regulatory control, formularies (product selection), and economic decision making. My objective is to raise awareness of these issues as they relate to the prescription of pain medication and to pain management generally.All practice-oriented drug law and regulation is based on the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The Act, also known as Title II, is part of a much larger piece of legislation, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (CSA). CSA was enacted to regulate the manufacturing, distribution, dispensing, and delivery of drugs or substances that are subject to, or have the potential for, abuse or physical or psychological dependence.

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Cordellieri, Pierluigi, Benedetta Barchielli, Valeria Masci, Francesca Viani, Ivan de Pinto, Andrea Priori, Felice Damiano Torriccelli et al. "Psychological Health Status of Psychiatric Patients Living in Treatment Communities before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Brief Report". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 7 (30 marzo 2021): 3567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073567.

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Many studies investigated the psychological impact of lockdown measures on the general population, while few studies focused on the psychiatric population. This study aimed to investigate the role of therapeutic communities in the management and containment of symptoms of patients with psychosis living in psychiatric residential facilities. Data were collected at two different points: November 2019 (Coronavirus disease 19 had not yet spread) and April 2020 (during the lockdown in Italy). Twenty-two study participants were recruited from three residential accredited psychiatric facilities. During lockdown, the patients showed a small increase in symptomatology in terms of emotional isolation. In addition, it was been observed significant differences in certain functional areas of the behavior, measured as lower inclination towards violent behaviors during lockdown, and higher scores in substance abuse and medical impairment. The lockdown condition could represent a form of containment; daily routines, along with adequate social support, are important aspects of the stability and the level of behavioral functioning of psychiatric patients. Social support and continuity of care offered by psychiatric communities can be an effective safeguard against the psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Farooq, Najwa, e Dr Saima Riaz. "Psychosocial Factors as the Determinants of Relapse in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder". Vol 4 Issue 6 4, n. 6 (20 settembre 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040611.

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Relapse to substance abuse after withdrawal is one of the most perplexing and frustrating aspect of addiction. The word relapse defines as collapse/hindrance to the client’s prior substance dependence behavior after treatment due to many psychological, social, and other associated factors. This study is designed to find out the psychological and social factors which determine relapse behavior in individuals with substance use disorder. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 relapse patients from November 2020 to January 2021 in different rehabilitations in Wazirabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Gujrat, and Sialkot cities of Pakistan. Data were collected by using a psychosocial functioning scale. Data analyzed using SPSS 21. A total of 200 individuals were taken ,of which 170 were males and 30 females. The results indicates that the most important predictor was risk-taking 0.148 (100% of normalized importance) followed by social conformity 0.130 (88% of normalized importance), decision making confidence 0.128 (86.2% of normalized importance), childhood problem 0.125 (84.4% of normalized importance), hostility 0.125 (84.0% of normalized importance), depression 0.119 (80.5% of normalized importance), self-esteem 0.114 (76.6% of normalized importance) and anxiety 0.111 (74.7% of normalized importance).Social factors were connected with a high relapse rate. These results may help clinicians to improve treatment and policy guidelines for the prevention of relapse to drug addiction.

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Pavarin, Raimondo Maria, Francesca Emiliani, Stefano Passini, Consuelo Mameli e Laura Palareti. "Risky consumption, reasons for use, migratory status and normalization: the results of an Italian study on minors aged between 13 and 16". International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, n. 4 (12 dicembre 2016): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-09-2014-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between migratory status, the use of legal and illegal psychoactive substances and psychological disorders perceived in a sample of minors. Design/methodology/approach A transversal multicentre study was carried out with interviews with young people aged 13-16 years recruited from middle and high schools in Italy. Findings The results show the implementation of a process of normalization in terms of the presence of legal and illegal psychoactive substances in the living contexts of the minors, of their widespread early use and of a substantial indifferentiation in the reasons for use (e.g. pleasure, curiosity, fun). Youths born in Italy with at least one non-native parent are noteworthy for an elevated prevalence of perceived psychological disorders and for particular lifestyles linked to the use of marijuana, alcohol abuse and the intensive consumption of tobacco. Second-generation minors show symptoms of psychological malaise, anxiety and depression before which the use of substances appears to realize a particular form of self-cure. Research limitations/implications This study presents some objective limits that indicate prudence in generalizing the results: only those who obtained consent from their parents were interviewed and the information communicated in the interviews could have been influenced by various factors, including the situation and the location. The authors used a standard definition of binge-drinking (Valencia-Martín et al., 2008). Actually, different criteria (i.e. number of drinks, time of consumption, etc.) and formulations of the question are used in different surveys, showing that there is as yet no consensus definition of binge-drinking. Nevertheless, the term has become somewhat confusing as it is often used as a synonym of drunkenness, making cross-cultural comparisons difficult (Beccaria et al., 2014). These are aspects that limit the generalizability of the results to the interviews alone and do not allow for prevalence estimates. Nevertheless, the results offer useful indications for future prevention projects specifically oriented to early adolescence. Practical implications The results of the study, on the one hand, document the growing use of legal and illegal proactive substances among minors and the relative cultural trend in this particular age band, testified to by the high number of those who have been present in situations of consumption to whom the substances were offered; on the other, they evidence a subpopulation of youths born in Italy with at least one non-native parent (i.e. second generation of immigrants). These youths stand out for an elevated prevalence of perceived psychological disorders and for their particular lifestyles connected to the use of marijuana, alcohol abuse and the intensive consumption of alcohol. This is also the group with the highest percentage of mothers alone in the family. Social implications A group of adolescents living in a monoparental family, that is, with the mother alone emerges, and as the literature has shown, family structure and poverty are linked (Landale et al., 2011; Svensson and Hagquist, 2009). In fact, such mothers, even those with a high level of education, are mostly unemployed. Adolescents with a single parent often not only face resource deficits but also other risk factors, such as high family stress, inadequate supervision, multiple family transitions and frequent residential moves. Specifically, these second-generation adolescents are female and they manifest sensation-seeking behaviours, but without drug abuse. Originality/value The results of the study show new and little-known aspects of the multicultural Italian society that is changing profoundly that should be explored in more detail by targeted research that also focussed on structural factors relatable to specific social positions. In this framework, a particular subgroup, i.e. the second-generation minors, shows symptoms of psychic malaise, anxiety and depression in terms of which substance use seems to realize a form of self-cure.

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Kacem, M., W. Bouali, N. Karkeni, N. Faouel e L. Zarrouk. "Epidemiological and clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders in Tunisian prisons". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (giugno 2022): S605—S606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1551.

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Introduction The estimation of the percentage of mentally ill among prisoners and of the most severe psychiatric disorders has been the subject of few studies in Tunisia. Objectives To study in a general way the extent of psychiatric disorders among prisoners. To describe the socio-demographic and judicial characteristics of prisoners. To describe the clinical, evolutionary and therapeutic characteristics of the main psychiatric disorders. Methods This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out over a period of 4 months (February 2021-May 2021) on one hundred and twelve inmates of the civil prison of Mahdia followed in psychiatry. Data were collected using a pre-established questionnaire. It is made up of 30 items. Results The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was 9.03%. The descriptive study revealed an average age of 37.57 years, a majority having a single marital status (62.5%), the professional activity before imprisonment were workers in 61.6%, a history of imprisonment more than twice in 62.5% of cases and 50.89% declared having been victims of physical acts, psychological or sexual abuse during their childhood. Murder, armed robbery, drug trafficking and rape were the most frequent offenses with respective rates of 25.2; 17.07; 13.82 and 9.75%. Anxiety was noted in 53.57% of cases, of the respondents, depressive syndrome was in 28.57% of cases, schizophrenia was reported in 18, 75% of cases and substance-related disorders were noted in 21.42% of cases. Conclusions Longitudinal studies should, in the coming years, try to understand the impact of imprisonment on the onset and evolution of psychiatric disorders. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Delicato, C., E. Gattoni, S. Di Marco, C. Vecchi, A. Venesia, P. Zeppegno e C. Gramaglia. "Resilience and Psychological Correlates in a Group of Patients Affected by Dual Diagnosis". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (aprile 2017): S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2153.

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IntroductionAlthough several authors found a strong association between childhood trauma and substance abuse disorder, many other suggest that specific personological aspects and resilience may contribute to the development of this disease.ObjectivesTo compare the characteristics of psychiatric patients with and without dual diagnosis assessing differences in psychological correlates, such as resilience, coping strategies, self-esteem, temperament, character traits and childhood trauma.MethodsFrom November 2015 to May 2016, we recruited all patients aged between 18 to 65 years referred to the Psychiatry Ward of “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital in Novara, Italy. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder was made according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Exclusion criteria were: inability to express a valid inform consent, a personality disorder or mental retardation diagnosis. We administered to each patient: Resilience Scale for Adult (RSA), Brief Cope, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Patients were subdivided for the analysis into two groups: dual diagnosis and no dual diagnosis (or single diagnosis) group.ResultsData show that dual-diagnosis patients (n = 40) had lower global levels of resilience (RSA) and cooperativeness (TCI). Higher novelty seeking and reward dependence traits (TCI) were found as well. Moreover, the lower Cope-Avoidance (Brief Cope) was statistically different among patients with dual diagnosis compared to single diagnosis ones.ConclusionsIdentified differences between these two groups could suggest targets to manage during the treatments in order to optimise dual diagnosis patients’ outcomes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Emanuela, Cindy, Monty P. Satiadarma e Roswiyani Roswiyani. "The Effectiveness of Coloring in Reducing Anxiety and Improving PWB in Adolescents". IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities 8, n. 1 (25 agosto 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijah.8.1.03.

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Anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations. Excessive anxiety can affect various aspects of life, especially in adolescents. Adolescents who have anxiety tend to experience sleep disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Therefore, intervention is needed for adolescents who experience anxiety. One of the appropriate interventions for adolescents is art therapy with coloring techniques. Previous research has obtained evidence that coloring can reduce anxiety and improve psychological well-being (PWB). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of coloring activities in reducing anxiety and increasing PWB in adolescents. By using a quasi-experimental design pretest-posttest, total participants in this study were 26 students aged 15-18 years, were divided into two groups, such as mandala and other shapes coloring groups. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is used to measure anxiety and the PWB questionnaire is used to measure psychological well-being. Using paired sample t-test showed that both coloring groups experienced a decrease in state anxiety before and after the intervention, but there was no significant increase in PWB. Further analysis found that mandala coloring activities were more effective in reducing anxiety than other forms of coloring activities, and PWB of the two groups did not increase. It can be concluded that coloring activities can reduce state anxiety but has not been able to increase PWB.

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Ujhelyi, Katalin, Jerome Carson e Mark Holland. "Positive psychology in dual diagnosis: a preliminary investigation". Advances in Dual Diagnosis 9, n. 4 (21 novembre 2016): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-01-2016-0001.

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Purpose Positive psychology is an area of rapid development in mainstream psychology, yet it has had little impact thus far in the field of dual diagnosis (DD). Effective treatment for clients with DD is limited, due to the lack of all-encompassing interventions that treat the two conditions simultaneously. The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to discover the prevalence of DD among users of selected drug services in Manchester; second, to explore differences between DD clients and those with substance use in hope, resilience, and well-being; and third, to identify predictors of hope, resilience, and well-being in this population. Design/methodology/approach The Snyder Hope Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were administered to 113 users of drug services through a convenience sampling method. Findings Findings from this preliminary investigation indicated that the DD group were more vulnerable as they were less hopeful, less resilient, and had poorer well-being than their counterparts. Practical implications This population of clients might benefit from specialized integrated treatment facilitating hope and resilience, which in turn would improve their well-being. Originality/value The present study addresses a gap in the literature. Although the above positive psychological aspects have been looked at in relation to mental health, and in relation to addiction, the current research explores these positive dimensions with regard to the co-occurrence of substance abuse and mental illness.

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Goldmeier, David. "Psychological, Neuropsychotic and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS. Edited by T. Peter Bridge, Allan F. Mirsky & Frederick K. Goodwin. New York: Raven Press. 1988. 279 pp." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000225762.

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Mahfuzah, M.Z., Ahmad Fakhrurrazi, M.Z. e Norhapizah, M. B. "Affective Domain in Learning Taxonomy at Institution of Higher Education". global journal al thaqafah SI, n. 1 (30 giugno 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi062022-1.

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In the new era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, students must equip themselves holistically with knowledge, values, and skills to be relevant to current job market requirements. This requires students to be empowered in the affective domain to achieve balance with the cognitive and psychomotor domains. Student involvement in substance abuse, as well as an increase in mental health problems including depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, are among the signs of a void in the affective or psychological aspects. The purpose of the paper is to highlight scholars’ discourse concerning the position of the affective domain and its challenge in integrating it into the learning taxonomy. This study involves utilizing content analysis of library documents. Data were processed using an analytical-synthetic descriptive method followed by deductive and inductive analysis. The results obtained showed that the cognitive domain was more dominant in the learning taxonomy, even though the affective domain has received more discussion. Accordingly, this study recommends conducting further research to incorporate appropriate elements from the existing taxonomy models with the main principle of Islamic education that emphasizes both psychological and spiritual development. Discourse on akhlaq and tasawuf in Muslim society is most noteworthy when it comes to applying the affective domain, allowing for complete conscious awareness of the mind (mindfulness) in human beings. A balance integration of cognitive and affective domains can be achieved to create a holistic human being as outlined in the Malaysiuan National Education Policy. As such, this will indirectly contribute to achieving quality tertiary education to ensure a prosperous society in this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era.

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Brito-da-Costa, Andreia Machado, Diana Dias-da-Silva, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira e Áurea Madureira-Carvalho. "Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Ayahuasca Alkaloids N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Harmine, Harmaline and Tetrahydroharmine: Clinical and Forensic Impact". Pharmaceuticals 13, n. 11 (23 ottobre 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110334.

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Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic botanical beverage originally used by indigenous Amazonian tribes in religious ceremonies and therapeutic practices. While ethnobotanical surveys still indicate its spiritual and medicinal uses, consumption of ayahuasca has been progressively related with a recreational purpose, particularly in Western societies. The ayahuasca aqueous concoction is typically prepared from the leaves of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing Psychotria viridis, and the stem and bark of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of harmala alkaloids. Herein, the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of the psychoactive DMT and harmala alkaloids harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine, are comprehensively covered, particularly emphasizing the psychological, physiological, and toxic effects deriving from their concomitant intake. Potential therapeutic utility, particularly in mental and psychiatric disorders, and forensic aspects of DMT and ayahuasca are also reviewed and discussed. Following administration of ayahuasca, DMT is rapidly absorbed and distributed. Harmala alkaloids act as potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), preventing extensive first-pass degradation of DMT into 3-indole-acetic acid (3-IAA), and enabling sufficient amounts of DMT to reach the brain. DMT has affinity for a variety of serotonergic and non-serotonergic receptors, though its psychotropic effects are mainly related with the activation of serotonin receptors type 2A (5-HT2A). Mildly to rarely severe psychedelic adverse effects are reported for ayahuasca or its alkaloids individually, but abuse does not lead to dependence or tolerance. For a long time, the evidence has pointed to potential psychotherapeutic benefits in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders; and although misuse of ayahuasca has been diverting attention away from such clinical potential, research onto its therapeutic effects has now strongly resurged.

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Puri, B. K., M. T. Lambert e C. C. Cordess. "Characteristics of Young Offenders Detained under Section 53(2) at a Young Offenders' Institution". Medicine, Science and the Law 36, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600113.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the medical and psychiatric characteristics and needs of detainees held under s.53(2) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933. A case-note study of all subjects detained under s.53(2) at a young offenders' institution was carried out and their psychologists and medical officer interviewed. The subjects had a high risk of having experienced family disruption, of psychoactive substance abuse, and poor educational progress, and they were more likely than the general population to be Afro-Caribbean or of mixed race. They were psychologically vulnerable and could become suicidal when exposed to risk factors such as bullying and not being visited often by friends and relatives. However, there was a lack of information available about the subjects in many important areas including assessment of needs for special education, of truancy, expulsions, child guidance clinic attendance, and placement on child protection registers. It was not clear whether these young people had been significantly in contact with services as children or whether they had slipped through the net. In conclusion, the most important finding was a worrying lack of information about this group. From the information available they were clearly atypical. More research is needed; more adequate information, for example with respect to physical and sexual abuse, child rearing, education, peer relationships, and contact with specialist health and social services, would assist in the development of services for the treatment of these serious young offenders and for prevention.

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Grigoraş, Mioara. "When Anxiety Actually Hides an Overdose of Missing. The Therapeutic Approach of a Transgenerational Journey". BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, n. 3sup1 (2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/121.

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Many people suffer from anxiety and panic attacks, statistics showing that 1 in 3 people have their lives affected because of these worrying and annoying symptoms. One of the most common anxiety disorders observed in general medical practice and in the general population is the generalized anxiety disorder. In about 85% of cases, generalized anxiety does not appear alone, but is accompanied by other psychological problems, of which the most common are: depression, other anxiety disorders, substance abuse, digestive problems, etc. The patient diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) usually has suffered from severe anxiety and worries about several different areas of their life for at least six months. It occurs in 5-9% of the population, and the incidence is twice as high in women as in men. Generalized anxiety usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood. GAG is caused by several factors: 30%-50% of it can be genetic in nature, but it also can be caused by experiences during childhood, recent stressful life events, unrealistic expectations about others and oneself, conflicts in relationships, alcohol consumption, coping skills and other factors (Ciubara et al., 2018). Studies show that the anxiety levels in the general population have risen over the past 50 years - probably due to declining social cohesion affecting communities, unrealistic expectations for quality of life, excessive focus on negative news, and other factors, social and cultural aspects.

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Kesselman, Martin S. "Psychological, Neuropsychiatric, and Substance Abuse Aspects of AIDS—edited by T. Peter Bridge, M.D., Allan F. Mirsky, Ph.D., and Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D.; New York, Raven Press, 1988, 279 pages, $30". Psychiatric Services 40, n. 2 (febbraio 1989): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.40.2.193.

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Kocharian, O., e M. Antonovych. "Interconnection of self-concept’s peculiarities and system of attitudes of psychoactive substance abused". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 32, n. 2 (30 aprile 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.2.06.

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The paper discusses the basic psychological directions of the “Self”- concept and the system of attitudes of addictions study. The theoretical aspects of the study of mental functioning of the identities of persons suffering from addiction from the standpoint of “Self”- concept and system of attitudes. Addiction of psychoactive substances remains dominant in the structure of other forms of abuses and is one of the most acute problems of modern society. The theoretical generalization of the phenomenon of the “Self” - concept of addicts showed underdevelopment, the unformation of the structures “Self”, the fuzziness of its borders, which substantially actualizes and confirms the needness for its study. More to a large extent, this applies to the study of the phenomenon of the “Self” -concept of addicts in conjunction with studying the system of attitudes as it is precisely in the relationship between the “Self” -concept and the system of relations, for the first time, there is the basis for the development of abuse. The purpose of the study was to study the fpeculiarities of the “Self” -concept and the system of attitudes of a addicted person, as an important resource to overcome the life difficulties of chemically addicts. For the purpose of research, we have used the following methods. For the study of “Self”- concept have been used: the method of diagnosis of interpersonal relationships (interpersonal diagnosis T. Leary), the method of 20 definitions of M. Kuhn and T. McParland "Who am I?". The system of relations was studied using the method of free description and semantic differential Charles Osgood. Statistical methods of data processing the Mann–Whitney U test, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient and cluster analysis. The research sample consisted of 75 patients, of which 75 patients with drug abuse (opium addiction), aged 18-26, and 35 healthy persons, aged 18-27 years without signs of somatic pathology and drug addictions. The findings suggest that unformed, defitsitarnist structures of Self, blurring its boundaries, indicating the involvement of consciousness structures in the pathological process of the formation of addiction and the formation of subject-subject emotional stereotypes towards close women: the mother and the wife/girlfriend who are based on the depreciation mother’s social status and further in exaggerating the negative qualities of a partner. The study of the phenomenon of “Self” - concept of addicts showed that this phenomenon is based on the background of authoritarianism, aggressiveness and, at the same time, the pursuit of social acceptance and acceptance, sacrifice of their own interests, an attempt to help others at their own expense, to be positive for the society. The positive qualities of the “Self” - concept of chemical addicts are of an imaginary nature and are an “external mask” of crowding out the fact of the marginality of addiction. The leading pattern of the “Self” - concept is the emotional-polar type of personality, resulting in a distorted motivational sphere, semantic accents are shifted, and they are largely determined by the relationship with the surrounding world. For the system of attitudes of chemical addicts characterized the atypical formation of subject-subjective emotional stereotypes to close women: the mother, the wife / girlfriend, based on the devaluation of the social status of the mother, having an extension in magnifying negative qualities of the partner in relation to positive qualities, which allows to make an assumption of a devaluation of socially acceptable grounds through the unconscious awareness of the stigmatized attitude of society towards the marginality of their behavior. The study of the relationship between the features of the “Self” -concept and the system of attitudes between addicts made it possible to identify reliable correlations. The relationship between the individual attitudes towards the wife / girlfriend and the content characteristics of the “Self”- concept (“Who am I?”) can be interpreted as traction from addicts before the transfer of guilt to a partner. The interrelation of subjective attitudes correlates with the self-esteem of the subjects and is expressed in reliable connections of average strength with the results of "Who am I?" And “Self” -real. Established strong connection of the meaningful characteristic of the “Self”-concept – “Self”- real with the system of individual attitudes towards the mother and “Perfect” woman can be interpreted as the failure of the model “Perfect” women of addicts, given the weak links between different assessment scales, indicating the desire to find a partner, not similar to either the mother or the “perfect” way that can be interpreted as the deliberate search for a disadvantageous party to justify its addictive behavior.

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Danielson, Ramona, e Susan Ray-Degges. "Aging in place among adults with traumatic personal experiences and the community’s role: A scoping review". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3225.

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Abstract We propose that trauma history is important context for understanding the adaptive capacity of aging adults to achieve a suitable person-environment fit. We conducted a scoping review using bibliographic databases to identify studies focused on aging in place, vulnerability and traumatic personal experiences, and aging adults’ maladaptive behaviors. Our review showed little research directly exploring the connection between trauma-related needs and aging in place and limited research about the community’s role in supporting those needs. Literature about the impacts of trauma revealed that trauma could stem from adverse childhood experiences (e.g., abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) and adult adverse experiences (e.g., domestic violence, substance use disorder, military trauma). Adults who have experienced trauma may have increased physiological (e.g., sensory sensitivities) and psychological (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) conditions. Sensory sensitivities in the home environment—including sounds (e.g., air conditioners), air quality (e.g., pollutants), and lighting (e.g., flickering lights)—can substantially decrease quality-of-life. Strong emotional reactions can make interpersonal relationships, such as those with a landlord or neighbors, difficult and increase the likelihood of eviction. Aging adults with trauma histories also experience greater poverty rates, increasing the likelihood of substandard housing (e.g., mold, rats). Because the housing environment is a significant aspect of overall well-being, challenges to aging in place for adults with trauma histories warrants further research, as does the role of community supports in mitigating housing-related stressors. Examples may include trauma-informed approaches in universal design, the availability of safe affordable housing, community education, and funding for intermediaries who can support aging adults.

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COOK, BRIAN. "Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse". American Journal of Psychiatry 153, n. 5 (maggio 1996): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.5.727.

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Rowbotham, M. C. "Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse". Neurology 44, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1994): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.44.10.1992.

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Fishman, Paul S. "Neurological aspects of substance abuse". Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 102, n. 6 (giugno 1997): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)84003-9.

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Baciewicz, G. J. "Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse". Archives of Neurology 51, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1994): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1994.00540240021004.

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Menken, M. "Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse". Archives of Neurology 52, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1995): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1995.00540250018006.

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Longman-Mills, Samantha, Winston De La Haye, Hayley A. Hamilton, Bruna Brands, Maria da Gloria Wright, Francisco Cumsille, Robert Mann e Akwatu Khenti. "Psychological maltreatment and its relationship with substance abuse among university students in Kingston, Jamaica". Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, spe (2015): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015001070014.

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The high prevalence of substance abuse in Jamaica, highlights the need to understand the drivers of substance abuse. Experiencing psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and neglect) during childhood has been suggested to be a risk factor for substance abuse. This study investigates the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and adult substance abuse among Jamaican university students. Three hundred and eighty two (382) university students were selected using systematic sampling techniques. They completed a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale questionnaire, as well as items selected from the Adverse Childhood Experiences and CICAD Drug Use questionnaires. 66.7% had experienced psychological maltreatment. Chi-square analyses identified a significant relationship between experiencing psychological maltreatment and substance abuse (p<0.05). This research provides evidence in support of a link between exposure to childhood psychological maltreatment and substance abuse in adulthood.

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Sibalde Vanderley, Isabel Cristina, Merenciana de Albuquerque Sibalde Vanderley, Alef Diôgo Da Silva Santana, Fabio Scorsolini-Comin, Waldemar Brandão Neto e Estela Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro. "Fatores relacionados à resiliência de adolescentes em contextos de vulnerabilidade social: revisão integrativa". Enfermería Global 19, n. 3 (18 giugno 2020): 582–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.411311.

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Introducción: La resiliencia puede entenderse como un proceso de superación y persistencia contra las fragilidades experimentadas. Los adolescentes en contextos de vulnerabilidad social encuentran obstáculos en el desarrollo de su resiliencia, dificultando la visibilidad de las estrategias de afrontamiento/respuestas a las adversidades de la vida cotidiana. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre los factores relacionados con la resiliencia de adolescentes en contextos de vulnerabilidad social. Método: Revisión integradora de los artículos publicados en portugués, inglés o español, desde 2014 a 2018, en bibliotecas/bases Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane, BDENF IBECS, CINAHL y PsycINFO. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores “Psychological Resilience”, “Social Vulnerability”, “Adolescent” y “Adolescent Health”, resultando en 17 artículos. La pregunta guía fue: ¿Cuáles son los factores relacionados con la resiliencia de adolescentes en contextos de vulnerabilidad social? Resultados: Se han formado cinco clases que representan los factores que contribuyen a la resiliencia en adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad social, nombradas como: aspiraciones para el futuro, factores de riesgo, barreras institucionales, exposición y apoyo social. Conclusión: Los factores que fortalecen la resiliencia social son el apoyo prestado por familiares, amigos, profesores, aspectos culturales y religiosos y los factores de riesgo son la violencia, la drogadicción, la falta de seguridad y apoyo institucional precario. El entendimiento de la resiliencia y especificidades que describen las condiciones de salud de los adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad social deben ser considerados para reorientar actividades interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales para la promoción de la salud de este grupo poblacional. Introduction: Resilience can be understood as a process of persistence and overcoming against experienced weaknesses. Adolescents in contexts of social vulnerability find obstacles in the development of their resilience, which impair the visibility of coping/answer strategies for the adversities of everyday life. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature on the factors related to the resilience of adolescents in contexts of social vulnerability. Method: Integrative review of articles published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, from 2014 to 2018, in libraries/databases Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, IBECS, Cochrane, BDENF, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The following descriptors were used "Psychological Resilience", "Social Vulnerability", "Adolescent" and "Adolescent Health", resulting in 17 articles. The guiding question was: what are the factors related to the resilience of adolescents in contexts of social vulnerability? Results: Five classes emerged, depicting the factors that contribute to resilience in adolescents in situation of social vulnerability, namely: aspirations for the future, risk factors, institutional barriers, exposure and social support. Conclusion: The factors that strengthen resilience are the social support provided by family, friends, teachers, cultural and religious aspects, and risk factors are violence, substance abuse, lack of security and precarious institutional support. The understanding of resilience and specificities that outline the health conditions of adolescents in situation of social vulnerability must be considered to reorient interdisciplinary and intersectoral actions to promote the health of this population group.

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Futterman, Roy, Kate Sapadin e Susan Silverman. "Transferring psychological technology into substance abuse treatment: Substance abuse as a psychiatric illness". Addiction Research & Theory 14, n. 3 (gennaio 2006): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16066350500174012.

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Zeng, Yonghui, Li Han, Yu Cheng e Cindy Xinshan Jia. "How Anti-Substance Abuse Campaigns Influence Substance Abusers’ Psychological Health in Chinese Communities: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stigma". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 11 (30 maggio 2022): 6687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116687.

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The current study explored how anti-substance abuse campaigns influence substance abusers’ psychological health through the perception of stigma. The study is based on a sample of substance abusers who received community-based treatments (n = 3457) and used structural equation modeling to estimate the role of perceived stigma in mediating between perceptions of overstatement of harm conveyed in anti-substance abuse campaigns and psychological outcomes. The results revealed that substance abusers’ perception of overstatement of the harm caused by the substances and substance abusers enhanced their perceived stigma and impaired their psychological health in terms of anxiety, depression, and somatization, through both direct and indirect pathways. The results advocate for proper strategies in the design of anti-substance abuse campaigns. Possible initiatives to reduce substance abusers’ perceived stigma are recommended.

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Bolotovsky, I. S. "Medical aspects of drug and substance abuse". Kazan medical journal 69, n. 2 (15 aprile 1988): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj97257.

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According to the WHO (1952), drug addiction is a state of periodic or chronic intoxication, harmful to the individual and society, caused by the use of a drug of natural or synthetic origin. A person should be considered an addict when the following symptoms are present: a) an irresistible craving for the poison; b) increasing tolerance - increasing doses; c) inability to abstain, because mentally and physically the person is so dependent on the poison and its effects that sudden termination causes a physically hard and mentally unbearable state.

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Al-SAMARRAI, SADIQ, e SANJAY GUPTA. "Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse, 2nd ed." American Journal of Psychiatry 162, n. 8 (agosto 2005): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1557.

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Schaumburg, H. "Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse, 2nd Edition". Neurology 63, n. 7 (11 ottobre 2004): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000143327.36131.66.

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