Tesi: "Substance abuse Psychological aspects"

1

Weeks, Kristie Graham 1952. "BIRTH ORDER AND PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITION OF ACADEMIC AND SUBSTANCE ABUSING WOMEN". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275557.

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2

Degenhardt, Louisa Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Comorbidity between substance use and mental health in Australia: Relationships of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use with other substance use and mental disorders". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18247.

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Abstract (sommario):

Research into the comorbidity (or co-occurrence) of mental disorders is a relatively recent phenomenon. Much of this research has been conducted in clinical samples, which are prone to a range of biases that mean that the patterns observed are not representative of the general population. Although population-level research has previously been carried out, this thesis provides the first examination of comorbidity in the Australian population. This thesis examined the comorbidity of substance use and mental disorders among Australian adults. The major empirical work involved an examination of the patterns of homotypic comorbidity (other substance use disorders) and heterotypic comorbidity (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis) of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis in the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB). These drugs were chosen as they are the most commonly used psychoactive substances in the Australian population. The NSMHWB involved a structured diagnostic interview of mental disorders with a representative sample of Australian adults. Three questions were addressed using this data: (1) What patterns of comorbidity exist between tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, and other substance use and mental disorders?; (2) Are these patterns of comorbidity explained by common factors?; and (3) Does comorbidity affect the likelihood that mental health treatment has been sought? Similar patterns of homotypic comorbidity were observed for all three substances, and they were not explained by the other factors examined (gender, age, education, relationship status, employment and neuroticism). Cannabis dependence was the most strongly associated with other substance use disorders. Heterotypic comorbidity differed between alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. Tobacco use predicted increased rates of all three groups of mental disorders (mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders). In the case of alcohol, only alcohol dependence was related to increased rates of all groups of mental disorders; alcohol use and abuse were not associated with heterotypic comorbidity. Any level of cannabis involvement was related to a similarly increased risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Cannabis use was linearly related to the risk of screening positively for psychosis. Common factors did not change the patterns of heterotypic comorbidity of tobacco and alcohol use. However, alcohol, tobacco and other drug use appeared to explain the higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders among cannabis users. Treatment seeking was much more likely among alcohol, tobacco and cannabis users when they had comorbid mental disorders. It was moderately increased when they had comorbid substance use disorders. The second piece of empirical work provided a more detailed examination of comorbid substance use problems among persons with psychosis. This topic was selected due to the limited epidemiological research on this issue, and the relatively large burden of disability that psychosis places upon the individual and the community. NSMHWB data were used to examine the prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders among persons who were likely to have met criteria for psychosis (as assessed by a screener used in the NSMHWB). Multiple regression analyses were used to test possible explanations for the higher rates of substance use disorders observed among persons reporting higher numbers of psychotic symptoms. The odds of alcohol dependence and regular tobacco use increased 1.5 times, and the odds of cannabis dependence increased twice, with each additional psychotic symptom reported, after adjusting for other substance use disorders, other mental disorders and demographic characteristics. Given the debate about the reasons for the association between cannabis use and psychosis, the final study used mathematical modelling to test four hypotheses about relationships between cannabis use and psychosis. Specifically, it examined trends in psychosis that would be predicted given the marked increases in the prevalence of cannabis use that have occurred in Australia over the past thirty years. The results suggested that a causal relationship - in which cannabis use caused psychosis among persons who would not otherwise have developed the disorder - is unlikely to explain the association. There was a better fit to the data provided by the other hypotheses examined, namely, that (a) cannabis use precipitates psychosis among vulnerable individuals; (b) cannabis use increases the risk of relapse among persons with psychosis; and (c) persons with psychosis are more likely to become regular cannabis users (without any effect upon the disorder). This thesis has demonstrated that in Australian adults there is significant comorbidity between alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and other substance use and mental disorders. These patterns differ across the three substances. Some types of heterotypic comorbidity (e.g. between cannabis use and mood/anxiety disorders) are explained by common factors. The limited range of common factors tested here did not explain homotypic comorbidity. This thesis also suggested that mathematical modelling is a useful approach to consider when examining the plausibility of different relationships between risk factors and mental disorders. A number of hypotheses regarding comorbidity could not be tested using NSMHWB data, such as common genetic and other environmental factors. These can best be tested in research with samples of twins, and using longitudinal designs that assess a wide range of social and environmental factors. The findings of this thesis also have implications for treatment, because persons with comorbid disorders are more likely to seek treatment. There is an absence of validated treatments for persons with comorbid substance use and mental disorders, and more research is needed on this issue.

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3

McAloon, Thomas John Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Developmental trajectories into substance use in adolescence". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30391.

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The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal developmental characteristics of the association between mental health and substance use. N=1182 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years were recruited from schools in Australia. Participants completed the Youth Self Report (YSR) (Achenbach, 1991a) and reported on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, their social ability, their motivation for using substances, their ability to regulate emotion, and the influences of their parents and peers on their substance use. N=561 of time one participants were retained for testing one year later to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from mental health at time one. Results indicated a clear and consistent cross-sectional association between externalising scores on the YSR and use of the three substances, regardless of gender. The relation between internalising scores and substance use was non-significant. When the relation between externalising scores and substance use was assessed for mediation, only the influence of parents and peers was found to be significant. A cross-sectional structural model developed to account for this association was demonstrated to be invariant across the three substances of interest, and across gender, but not age category. There was no evidence that social skills, emotion regulation, or substance use motives, had roles in mediating the relationship between mental health and substance use. A model was developed to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from externalising scores at time one. Results showed that externalising scores predicted increases in alcohol use via parent and peer attitudes. Thus, externalising disposition, in the context of a facilitative social environment, was predictive of an increase in alcohol use over time. Structural models developed to account for the predictive relation between externalising scores and use of cigarettes and marijuana proved unstable and could not be tested. Substance use at time one was not predictive of externalising scores at time two. The results of the present research are discussed in relation to their potential to inform the developmental substance use literature, and efforts directed against the development of substance use problems. Limitations of the present research are noted.

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4

Yu, Ngan Shuk-yee Veronica. "An exploratory study of psychological factors associated with substance abuse among adolescents in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29695673.

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5

Borchers, Stephen Sean. "Motivational levels and abstinence rates in substance abuse clients". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2971.

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Analyzes the motivation of clients beginning a drug and alcohol treatment program to see if their level of motivation affects their success in the program, as measured by drug screens. Thirty-six participants from the Perris Valley Recovery Program (PVRP) in Southern California took a motivation for treatment questionnaire reflecting their levels of motivation for treatment. Results of the study found significant relationships between clients' motivation to be in substance abuse treatment and clean or dirty drug screens.

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6

Jarman, Lennon. "Parental management of adolescent substance abuse". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17625.

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The incidence and consequences of adolescent substance abuse for the health and well-being of adolescents, their significant others and society at large, have become an increasing concern. The early onset of substance use further enhances the potential for addiction, thus emphasizing the need for early identification and intervention. The literature and practice observations suggest that parental management, which includes parenting practices such as parental monitoring, clear rules about substance use and the modelling of protective, constructive behaviours, protects adolescents from the onset of substance use and interrupts the adolescent’s progression to substance abuse. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe parental management of adolescent substance abuse in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. An exploratory- descriptive and contextual research design was employed in this study. Furthermore, non-probability purposive sampling, in conjunction with snowball sampling techniques, was employed to recruit parents who have or continue to manage their adolescents (between the ages of 13-18 years) substance abuse and the associated impact that it has of on the family in the past year. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten parents, and data collection ceased upon reaching data saturation. The generated data was analysed using thematic data analysis. The trustworthiness of the research process and the findings was enriched by engaging in a variety of data verification strategies. The following main themes emerged from the data analysis process: Participants’ perspective of adolescent substance use in their community; Participants’ experiences of their own child’s substance use; Impact of substance use on the family system; Participants’ perspective of their role in managing adolescent substance use; and, Participants’ support needs in relation to adolescent substance use. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of what parents require to effectively prevent and/or manage substance abuse by their adolescent children. The findings furthermore recommend preventive interventions at both primary and secondary level.

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7

Ishihara, Jean Emiko. "Levels of social intimacy among women in substance abuse treatment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2880.

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This study found that women in substance abuse treatment have higher levels of social intimacy than women with no history of substance abuse (treatment). Other factors examined in relation to level of intimacy were: type and number of substances used, length of use, length of treatment, participation in mental health treatment, substance abuse in the home when the subject was a child, and a history of the subject being a survivor of abuse.

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8

Felton, David. "An exploratory examination of the relationship between substance use and suicidal ideation". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/820.

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Drug use has long been considered a risk factor when assessing the likelihood of an individual committing suicide (Weiss & Hufford, 1999). The research to date is primarily correlative and provides little guidance to the clinician when assessing the role that drug use plays in influencing the risk of suicide for a given individual. Clinical observations within the literature (Downey, 1991; Motto, 1999) report that alcohol or other drug (AOD) use may provide the means to regulate emotional distress. No published studies were found that examined the proposition that AOD use may have a range of positive as well as negative impacts en suicide risk. The aim of the current research was to gather perspectives on the relationship between AOD and coexisting suicidal ideation from which recommendations informing clinical practice were sought. Two samples were interviewed in an exploratory qualitative study. The first sample comprised clinicians who have experience in working with substance use issues and suicidal clients; the second comprised clients which have both substance use problems and have recently been suicidal. Eleven clinicians were drawn from a wide range of work settings and disciplines. Each had extensive clinical experience with suicidal young people who use nonprescribed substances. The client sample consisted of ten clients (19-24 years of age) drawn from either a mental health service or an outpatient drug treatment service. They were required to have had a clinically significant level of suicidal ideation in the three months prior to the interview along with meeting DSM IV criteria for substance dependence or substance abuse

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9

Westphal, Gregory Eric 1963. "Personality characteristics among adolescent substance-abusers utilizing various MMPI scales". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277027.

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The focus of this study was to determine if certain personality traits could be detected within a population of substance-abusing adolescents. The Depression (d), Psychopathic Deviant (Pd), Paranoia (Pa), and Hypomania (Ma) scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were utilized as indicators of psychopathological traits for this project. It was found that a significant degree of elevation on these scales was achieved by the subject, when compared to an ideal normative sample. It was concluded that this indicated the presence of certain psychopathological personality traits within this population. The implication that personality differences within this population can be detected could lead to a greater understanding of substance abuse among adolescents, and the potential for more appropriate counseling approaches with such substance abusers.

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10

Magaña, Sandra Marie. "Mexican-American youth: Alcohol abuse and network patterns". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/697.

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11

Christopherson, Bryan Bishop. "Psychosocial maturity and self-reported motivation for use of psychoactive substances among a sample of Arizona youth: Implications for prevention". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184353.

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Adolescent drug use motivations were examined from the perspective of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory (1963; 1968) of human development. The study used an existing data base derived from a sample of about 13,000 Arizona students in grades seven through twelve. Two questions were asked. The first examined the students' self-reported perceptions of drug use/nonuse motivations across the four ego-identity stages of Marcia (1966). The second examined drug use motivational perceptions within the four stages. First, approximately 13,000 Young People Survey (Jones, 1986) respondents were classified into the four ego-identity stages for each of two domains, Interpersonal and Ideological (Grotevant & Adams, 1984), according to rules suggested by Adams (1979). A random sample of approximately 200 of these respondents was then selected for the analyses for each of eight categories: Interpersonal achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion; and Ideological achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion. Subject responses to two survey questions were analyzed for the first research question. One survey question had asked the students why they thought people their age used drugs and alcohol, the second survey question asked students who had not used alcohol why they had not done so. The eight analyses revealed that the reported motivations were significantly different (p < .05) across all four ego-identity stages for both domains. The second research question analyzed responses to the survey question dealing with drug use motivations, and tested whether motivational responses discriminated marijuana users from nonusers within each of the four ego-identity stages. Each analysis produced statistically significant results. For achieved subjects, peers, recreation, and curiosity combined to discriminate marijuana users from nonusers (p < .05). For moratorium subjects, it was peers, recreation, and stress (p < .05). For foreclosed subjects, peers, curiosity, and recreation discriminated between users and nonusers (p < .05); and for diffused subjects, it was peers, boredom, and recreation (p < .05). The study indicates that young people use psychoactive substances for reasons which vary according to their level of ego-identity development (psychosocial maturity). Additionally, the study indicates that adolescent drug use motivations also depend upon their experience with drugs.

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12

Davis, Carol Ann. "A biopsychosocial perspective on alcohol use and abuse on the college campus". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1006.

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13

Davis, Lynn Matthew. "Acculturation and Locus Of Control: Their Relationship to the Use of Inhalants". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500735/.

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This study analyzed the effects of acculturation, locus of control, and incidence of inhalant use on Mexican Americans. Information was collected from 275 subjects at three middle schools and one treatment center. The instrument consisted of Levenson's Locus of Control Scale, the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans, and an incidence of use and family relationship questionnaire developed for this study. Statistical analysis indicated a relationship between acculturation and inhalant use. Further examination revealed relationships between a family members' use and subjects' inhalant use; subjects' alcohol use and inhalant use; and subjects' marijuana use and inhalant use. Information implied that prevention and intervention programs should focus on children of substance users and further research is needed surrounding the role of acculturation.

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14

Hassin, Jeanette. "Social identity, gender, and the moral self: The impact of AIDS on the intravenous drug user". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186145.

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This ethnography of intravenous (IV) drug users challenges popular representations of a "junkie" subculture and stereotypes of users as rejecting the dominant cultural values of mainstream society. Users attempts to construct and maintain a moral identity are examined. Beyond "war stories" ennobling street life and survival, life narratives were constructed through a juxtaposition of voices and images establishing moral worth in opposition to others. Moral identity is a central concern for IV drug users, one influencing their response to risk. Social relations, responsibility, and an ethic of care were found to underlay the moral codes developed by users, codes socially-embedded and to some degree gender specific. Men tended to adopt a "tough guy," "independence" voice in which responsibility was largely framed around status and image as a role model. Women tended to see responsibility and morality within a web of interdependence and care. Social responsibility was a measure of moral goodness. The desire to be defined by mainstream values was strongly evident among women users who were mothers. Motherhood was a core symbol representing inherent goodness, a marker of moral identity, and a means toward achieving a socially acceptable identity. The identities of "junkie" and "mother" placed women in a state of perpetual tension and conflict as manifested in issues of child custody and welfare. Maintaining relationship with their children was central to the women's moral identity, be it based in daily interaction or visitations inspiring hopes for a future. This ethnography suggests that IV drug users, while chemically dependent, maintain a sense of agency. Contrary to stereotypes of irresponsibility, users are reflexive about their habit's control and their use of drugs to block suffering, social responsibility, and the pain they cause others. Displays of agency and exercises of control proved critical in identity construction, particularly for women users diagnosed HIV positive. Documented was the process whereby they redefined their "health" and moral identity in the company of others who assisted in constructing identities in contrast to the negative stereotypes of AIDS. Through discourse within these "life narrative groups" a positive diagnosis was transposed into a positive identity.

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15

Lowe, Kathern Ruth. "A quantitative study of parental drug use and its effects on attachment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1848.

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16

Forth, Cara Leona. "Alcoholic women's relationships as related to intimacy and trust". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/743.

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17

Boldi, Juliet Suzanne, e Jamileth Lara. "An exploration of the role of spirituality in recovery from alcoholism". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1609.

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This study investigates the relationship between spirituality and recovery for alcohol abusers. The data was gathered by administering a survey questionnaire that explored background information, alcohol use and recovery, and spirituality.

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18

Kirk, Alice Joy. "The effect of explanatory style on the coping strategies of women in recovery". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3366.

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19

Kwan, Kwok-loi Queenie, e 關幗萊. "Neuropsychological status of people abusing substance". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45590175.

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20

Bowles, Steven. "Attitudes and perceptions towards organizational functioning in substance abuse treatment facilities across South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10237.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-65).
This study examined the attitudes and perceptions of directors and treatment staff towards organizational functioning within substance abuse treatment facilities across South Africa. In South Africa a history of socio-political factors have hindered substance abuse treatment. Large disparities existed between racially defined population groups and the quality and allocation of resources to substance abuse treatment services across South Africa have not been equitable. Understanding organizational functioning within substance abuse treatment facilities is essential to identifying and prioritizing treatment facility issues that both directors and staff believe need attention. The identification and examination of these issues facilitate the development of appropriate strategies to promote treatment facility improvements and the adoption of evidence-based treatment practices. Cross-sectional surveys of substance abuse treatment facilities were conducted in the Western Cape (2005) and in the Eastern Cape, Gauteng, and Kwa-Zulu Natal (2006). Forty-four treatment facilities participated in this study from a population of 89 facilities. The Texas Christian University survey of Organizational Functioning (TCU ORC) was used to assess directors' and staff's attitudes and perceptions towards organizational functioning within their treatment facilities. One-way analysis of variance tests were used to examine whether certain contextual and demographic variables influenced directors' and staff's attitudes and perceptions. Results indicated that directors and staff displayed favorable attitudes and perceptions towards the TCU ORC domains organizational climate and staff attributes, and indecisive attitudes and perceptions towards the motivation for change domain. Demographic variables including: ethnicity, levels of education, amount of work experience, and provincial location were found to influence directors' and staff's attitudes and perceptions towards organizational functioning.

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21

Masters, Roxanne. "Veerkragtigheidskenmerke van gesinne met ’n adolessente middelmisbruiker". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96113.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Families are often confronted with some type of crisis during their family life cycle, and the presence of an adolescent substance abuser in the family could result in a family crisis. Most studies focus on the negative implications of substance abuse (Flisher, Parry, Evans, Muller, & Lombard, 2003; Parry et al., 2004). More recently, however, researchers have begun to move away from the pathogenic approach to a more strengths-based approach. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate which factors are associated with family resilience in families with an adolescent substance abuser. Given the complexity of resilience, the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & McCubbin, 1988) was operationalised in this study to identify which variables could be associated with family resilience. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather data from a convenience sample of 50 families drawn from the Western Cape, South Africa. In order to control for gender effects, mothers who had in their families an adolescent substance abuser were encouraged to represent their respective families. A biographical questionnaire and seven quantitative self-report questionnaires were completed by each participant. Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated for the quantitative data in order to determine which independent variables (family factors) were associated with the dependent variable (family adaptation). A best-subsets multiple regression analysis was done to determine the linear combination of family characteristics (indicators) that correlates maximally with family adaptation (outcome variable). Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns or themes within the qualitative data during the qualitative data analysis. The results indicate that the level of family adaptation is better the higher the supportive patterns of communication in the family unit; and that the level of family adaptation is lower the more negative communication patterns are present. The results also indicate that family hardiness, the degree to which families use problem-solving and behaviour strategies during crises, and the use and maintenance of different routines and activities facilitate family adaptation. The qualitative results indicate that spirituality or religion, support from extended family, friends or neighbours, clear positive family communication, maintaining hope and a positive outlook, and the acceptance of the adolescent as part of the family contribute the most to family adaptation. The findings of this study could be used to improve the understanding of qualities that help families to adapt, and interventions and services based on these results may provide a meaningful contribution in the adaptation of families who find themselves in similar situations. This study not only is important to broaden the current literature on family resilience in this development phase, but also to help fill the void in current research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit gebeur gereeld dat gesinne gedurende een of ander ontwikkelingstadium met ŉ krisis gekonfronteer word. So sal die teenwoordigheid van ’n adolessente middelmisbruiker in ’n gesin op moontlike gesinskrisisse dui. Die meerderheid studies fokus op die negatiewe implikasies van middelmisbruik (Flisher, Parry, Evans, Muller, & Lombard, 2003; Parry et al., 2004). Navorsers het egter onlangs begin weg beweeg vanaf die patogeniese benadering na ’n meer sterkte-gebaseerde benadering. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om ondersoek in te stel na faktore wat geassosieer kan word met gesinsaanpassing in gesinne met ŉ adolessente middelmisbruiker. Gegee die kompleksiteit van veerkragtigheid is die Veerkragtigheidsmodel van Gesinstres, Verstelling en Aanpassing (McCubbin & McCubbin, 1988) in hierdie studie geoperasionaliseer om veranderlikes te identifiseer wat met gesinsveerkragtigheid geassosieer kan word. ŉ Kombinasie van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik om data vanuit ’n doelgerigte steekproef van 50 gesinne woonagtig in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika in te samel. Om vir die effek van geslag te kontroleer, is ma’s aangemoedig om namens die gesinne as verteenwoordigers aan die studie deel te neem. ŉ Biografiese vraelys en ook sewe selfbeskrywingsvraelyste is deur elke deelnemer voltooi. Vir die kwantitatiewe data is Pearson produkmoment-korrelasies bereken om te bepaal watter onafhanklike veranderlikes (gesinsfaktore) met die afhanklike veranderlike (gesinsaanpassing) verband hou. ŉ Beste substel regressieontleding is gedoen om die liniêre kombinasie van gesinskenmerke (voorspellers) wat maksimaal met gesinsaanpassing (uitkomsveranderlike) korreleer, te bepaal. Tematiese ontleding is in die kwalitatiewe data-ontleding gebruik om patrone of temas binne die kwalitatiewe data te identifiseer. Die resultate dui daarop dat die vlak van gesinsaanpassing beter is hoe hoër die ondersteunende patrone van kommunikasie in die gesinseenheid is; en dat die vlak van gesinsaanpassing laer is hoe meer opruiende patrone van kommunikasie in die gesin teenwoordig is. Verder dui die resultate ook aan dat gesinsgehardheid, die mate van probleemoplossings- en gedragstrategieë wat die gesin gedurende krisisse gebruik, en die gebruik en handhawing van verskillende roetines en aktiwiteite ook gesinsaanpassing fasiliteer. Die kwalitatiewe resultate dui daarop dat spiritualiteit of geloof, ondersteuning van die uitgebreide familie, vriende of bure, duidelike positiewe gesinskommunikasie, die behoud van hoop en ’n positiewe uitkyk, en aanvaarding van die adolessent as deel van die gesin die meeste tot gesinsaanpassing bygedra het. Die bevindinge kan nuttig gebruik word om begrip te verbeter van kwaliteite wat gesinne help om aan te pas. Intervensies en dienste wat op hierdie bevindinge gebaseer is, behoort ŉ betekenisvolle bydra te lewer in die aanpassing van gesinne wat hulle in soortgelyke omstandighede bevind. Die studie is nie net belangrik om die kennisbasis oor gesinslewe in hierdie ontwikkelingsfase te verbreed nie, maar ook om ŉ leemte in bestaande navorsing aan te vul.

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22

Linn-Walton, Rebecca. "Criminal Thinking, Alliance, and Psychological Functioning of Offenders in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment". Thesis, Fordham University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3701822.

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This dissertation analyzes the relationships between criminal thinking, alliance, and psychological functioning. Secondary data for 1,589 participants was analyzed using correlations, regressions, and path analysis. It was hypothesized that variables of criminal thinking would be associated with poorer alliance and psychological functioning, and that alliance would mediate the relationship between criminal thinking and psychological functioning. Criminal thinking was moderately correlated with alliance and outcome variables. In linear regression models, alliance and criminal thinking variables were significantly predictive of most outcome variables, controlling for sociodemographic variables. Criminal thinking showed moderate negative pathways to alliance and several of the outcome variables, alliance partially mediated only one outcome variable model. Findings indicate that offenders entering treatment with higher levels of criminal thinking are less able to develop alliance with their counselor and treatment, and will have poorer behavioral functioning and higher likelihood of relapse and recidivism post-treatment. Research and practice implications are discussed.

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23

Kramer, Greg M. Heilbrun Kirk. "Plea bargaining recommendations by criminal defense attorneys : legal, psychological, and substance abuse rehabilitative influences /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/734.

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24

Routledge, Leigh-Anne. "Substance abuse and psychological well-being of South African adolescents in an urban context". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07172007-145323/.

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25

Cheng, Hiu-wan Keens, e 鄭曉韻. "The effect of polydrug abuse on neuropsychological functions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37100981.

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26

Wahler, Elizabeth A. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL STRESS, ECONOMIC HARDSHIP, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS TO ADDICTION SEVERITY AMONG KENTUCKY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PARTICIPANTS". UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/1.

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Stress is associated with poor mental health, specifically anxiety and depression, and stress and mental health problems are predictors of substance dependence and relapse. Social characteristics, such as racial/ethnic minority status, female gender, and low socioeconomic status, are often associated with increased psychological distress and substance use disorders. Pearlin’s social stress theory postulates that this association is due to increased exposure to stress and subsequent experiences of distress related to social disadvantage and decreased access to resources for coping with stress. This project uses a social stress theoretical perspective to examine predictors of substance use after treatment entry and follow-up addiction severity in a large sample of Kentucky substance abuse treatment participants (N = 1123). A conceptual model is tested to determine if social characteristics along with psychological distress, perceived stress, and economic hardship are predictors of substance use and follow-up addiction severity. In addition, since recovery support, efficacy, and self-control have been previously identified as mediators in the stress and relapse processes these factors were included as mediators in the model tested. The conceptual model was tested with three outcome variables, substance use between baseline and 12-month follow-up, follow-up alcohol addiction severity, and follow-up drug addiction severity. Bivariate and multivariate analyses, including logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression, were used to test conceptual models with the full sample and also with a subsample with baseline substance use indicative of potential substance dependence. Findings indicated that significance of predictors varied depending on outcome variable, although recovery support, efficacy, and self-control were significant predictors of all three dependent variables. Findings for each outcome variable are discussed, as well as limitations of the present study, implications for social work practice, and implications for future research.

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27

Scherbarth, Andrew J. "Psychological Abuse and Health: What Role Does Forgiveness Play?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3918/.

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Existent literature suggests forgiveness could lead to either greater psychological abuse (reinforcement theory), or lower psychological abuse (interpersonal theory). Questionnaires were completed by 291 participants who were dating at least 2 months. More forgiveness-particularly Absence of Negativity-was related to less abuse received from their partner, and this effect was stronger for females than for males. Absence of Negativity (AN) was predictive of health variables (psychosomatic symptoms, mental and physical health), although Presence of Positive forgiveness did not predict health beyond the impact of AN. Abuse-forgiveness and assertiveness-forgiveness interaction terms were not significant predictors of health. Results indicate interpersonal theory describes the link between forgiveness and psychological abuse. Results suggest that focus on AN could be sufficient for mental or physical health change

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28

Gnade, Amy Lee. "The effect of substance abuse on nonverbal emotional expressiveness". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1927.

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29

Gnadt, Bonnie. "Religiousness, current substance use, and early risk indicators for substance abuse and dependence among nursing students". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4661/.

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The purposes of this study were to examine the prevalence of current substance use and early risk indicators for substance abuse and dependence, and to investigate the relationships among religiousness, current substance use, and early risk indicators among nursing students at seven Seventh-day Adventist colleges. Data for this descriptive study were collected through Efinger's Alcohol Risk Survey (EARS) (Efinger, 1984), the CAGE Questionnaire ( Ewing , 1984), and the Intrinsic/Extrinsic-Revised Scale (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989). Participants were 241 nursing students enrolled in their first year of nursing courses at seven colleges and universities located across the United States . Findings indicated that 42% of students scored higher than the EARS mean; 24% reported current substance use; and 15% scored in the probable abuse/dependence category of CAGE. Students who reported current substance use and those scoring in the probable substance abuse/dependence category were significantly more likely to score above the EARS median. Intrinsic religiousness demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with current substance use. Significantly lower rates of current substance use were associated with higher rates of attendance at religious services. Respondents who indicated that their religion prohibited alcohol consumption reported significantly lower rates of current substance use than those who answered "No" or "I don't know" to their religion's prohibition of alcohol consumption. A substantial number of nursing students were found to have high numbers of early risk indicators for substance abuse and dependence that warrant intervention. The majority of students who scored in the probable substance abuse/dependence category also had higher EARS scores, thereby increasing their risk for substance impairment. Religious variables appear to have had a mediating influence on current substance use with this sample. Prevention programs should be aimed at risks that are modifiable, thus enabling students to make healthy decisions about using substances.

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30

Stephens, Toni. "Women and substance use a feminist perspective /". Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82702.

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"July 1994".
Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of History, Philosophy and Politics, 1995.
Bibliography: leaves 400-462.
Women and substance use. An introduction -- Women and substance use from a different perspective. Feminist theory and methodology -- 'Fallen angels and moral heroines'. The historical construction of women and substance use -- 'When the normal is pathological and the pathological is normal'. Psychological explanations of women and substance use -- 'A foot in both camps'. Psychosocial explanations of women and substance use -- 'Violence as symptom and cause'. The role of substance use in the social control of women -- 'Breaking all the rules'. Legal responses to women and drugs-related crime -- 'When liberation is no liability'. Women as consumer targets -- 'A nice girl like you'. Women and substance use treatment -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.
In Australia today, as in many other comparable societies, women's use of alcohol and other legal drugs is not circumscribed as it has been in the past. On the face of it, this suggests that there has been a major shift in social attitudes towards use of certain substances by women in line with changes to women's social position that occurred in the last few decades. Despite these changes, however, or perhaps because of them, women's use of alcohol and other drugs still attracts different attitudes and social responses when compared to similar behaviour in men. -- The objective of this research is to investigate the reasons why women's substance use behaviour is viewed differently from that of men's, how this has come about, why it is so culturally pervasive, and what are the effects for women. It has involved exploring how the meanings attached to women's use of certain chemical substances have been socially and historically constructed through scientific discourse, and how these meanings continue to be reproduced, reinforced and legitimated within other interlocking discourses. They are reflected too in cultural images as well as in popular attitudes, held by both women and men. -- The research has been undertaken using a 'woman-centred' approach, within the framework of feminist analysis. Such approach provides an alternative way of understanding women's experience with substance use.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
[9], 462 leaves

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31

Kronstrand, Robert. "Analytical and toxicological aspects of drug incorporation into human hair /". Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med709s.pdf.

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32

Redl, Donnie. "Factors in older adults' resistance to substance abuse treatment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2342.

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33

Warren, Ann Marie. "Partner abuse: Health consequences to women". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5534/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Intimate partner violence is endemic in the United States. According to the American Medical Association (1992), one-fifth to one-third of women will sustain violence from a partner or ex-partner in their lifetime. The relevant literature was organized by ICD-9-CM categories. This study examined the health consequences of partner abuse in a sample of community women using a sample consisting of 564 women in three ethnic groups. Because prior research has failed to account for variations by type of abuse on health consequences, this study assessed psychological abuse, violence and sexual aggression by women's partners. To determine whether or not different types of abuse had an effect on women's health, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The regression equations were calculated for women within each ethnic group to facilitate identification of similarities and differences and to control for ethnic differences in risk for specific diseases. The results were consistent with past research on health consequences of abuse and extended the prior literature by showing that psychological abuse had a pervasive effect on health conditions, distress and use of health care resources. Additionally, ethnic differences emerged. As expected, ethnicity appeared to function as a moderator. Clinical implications and recommendations are made for future research, suggesting the development of a new assessment tool for partner abuse screening.

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34

Maka, Zoe. "Distal and proximal relation factors, emotional capabilities and psychological health outcomes in substance users". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2009. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/188996/.

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This dissertation examined certain distal and proximal relational factors and emotional capabilities of individuals in therapeutic programs in Greece. The three studies aimed to extend existing work by examining links between distal (child abuse reports) and proximal (adult attachment, social support) relation factors with psychological health outcomes of substance users in addiction treatment programs. The results from the three studies supported the view that: a) distal (childhood maltreatment) and proximal (attachment organization) relational factors are important predictors of substance users’ well-being; b) proximal factors (anxious attachment) mediate effects of abusive experiences; c) emotional capabilities and specifically regulatory processes have a prominent role as mediators of relational factors on substance users’ well-being.

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35

Maka, Zoe. "Distal and proximal relation factors, emotional capabilities and psychological health outcomes in substance users". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2009. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/188996/1/Thesis_Maka_2009.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):

This dissertation examined certain distal and proximal relational factors and emotional capabilities of individuals in therapeutic programs in Greece. The three studies aimed to extend existing work by examining links between distal (child abuse reports) and proximal (adult attachment, social support) relation factors with psychological health outcomes of substance users in addiction treatment programs. The results from the three studies supported the view that: a) distal (childhood maltreatment) and proximal (attachment organization) relational factors are important predictors of substance users’ well-being; b) proximal factors (anxious attachment) mediate effects of abusive experiences; c) emotional capabilities and specifically regulatory processes have a prominent role as mediators of relational factors on substance users’ well-being.

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36

Palmer, Sarah Morgando, e Tracy Lee Inman. "Perceived effects of a substance abuse prevention science program among fourth and fifth grade children: A qualitative study". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2418.

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Abstract (sommario):

This project explores the perceptions of fourth and fifth grade students who participated in a substance abuse prevention program. Risk and protective factors are presented to assist the reader in understanding this project.

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37

Gaus, Joseph Stelmach. "Adolescent substance use as mediated by self reporting of motivation and associated circumstances". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184588.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of crack use among adolescents living in a large southwestern city, and to study relationships between crack use and marijuana use. This included investigating reasons as well as associated circumstances for both crack use and marijuana use; and whether marijuana use would predict crack use. High school seniors (N = 269) were asked to disclose information about their marijuana (and hashish) use and non-use, and crack use and non-use. Preliminary computation of the results revealed only 2.6% of respondents indicating crack use; thus statistical analysis of that data was not warranted. Computation of the results indicated 34% of respondents reporting marijuana use; therefore, the focus of the study shifted to marijuana exclusively, resulting in a final sample size of n = 92. Two specific phenomena were investigated: crack use and marijuana use. Discriminant analysis of the data was performed to (1) measure differences in frequencies (indicated as "seldom" and "occasionally") of respondents' marijuana use a predicted by particular circumstances and reasons for its use; and (2) to measure whether students' marijuana use would predict crack use. Statistical significance using Chi square and canonical correlation was calculated for each set of variables. Chi square (5) = 46.10 yielded significance (p <.001) for five of nine circumstances as predictors of marijuana use: "At a party" was the best discriminating variable. Chi square (4) = 36.73 yielded significance (p <.001) for four of thirteen reasons as predictors of marijuana use; "To get high" was the best discriminating reasons variable. The study succeeded in determining several drug-related attributions: (1) there is one-third less prevalence of crack use among adolescents in the area being researched than is reported nationally; (2) there is about the same prevalence of marijuana use as nationally reported; (3) there are specific associated circumstances which predict frequency of marijuana use; and (4) there are specific associated reasons which predict frequency of marijuana use. Finally, although it is not data-based, marijuana appears to be a predictor of crack use, i.e., all seven crack users reported having used marijuana prior to crack use.

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38

Hulvey, Melinda DeAnn. "Banning Correctional Facility: Residential substance abuse treatment program process survey". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1617.

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Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of this study is to examine more closely those program components which facilitate dissonance, disharmony, and ambiguity among the keygroups of a residential substance abuse treatment program.

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39

Simon, Leonore Michele Julia 1952. "Personality characteristics of child molesters: Implications for the fixated-regressed dichotomy". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291888.

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This study attempts to empirically validate the fixated-regressed typology utilized in the child sexual abuse literature. The sample consisted of 136 consecutive cases of convicted child molesters tried in Pima County, Arizona over a two-year period (1984-1985) for whom case history, MMPI, pre-sentence reports, and police report data were collected prior to sentencing. Application of the criteria defining fixated versus regressed status yielded a unimodal and continuous distribution of child molesters, rather than the bimodal distribution predicted by theory. In a multiple regression analysis, three independent variables, i.e., whether the victim and offender were related, an offender's prior non-sex-criminal record, and offender age, significantly enhanced the accuracy of predicting an offender's degree of regression. Alternative conceptualizations to the fixated-regressed typology are described, and implications for understanding child molesters are discussed.

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40

Kaufman, Julia Simone. "Psychological Maltreatment Subtypes and Associated Long-Term Effects: A Person-Centered Approach". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1593026142867029.

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41

Pugh, Kelley, Andrea D. Clements e Jameson K. Hirsch. "The Surrender to God Scale: Psychometric Validation and Psychological Correlates". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7236.

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(1) Surrender to God (STG), is a construct which quantifies the extent to which an individual willingly relinquishes control to God. (2) An STG scale has been developed, yet remains unvalidated, as it relates to psychological constructs. (3) Utilizing undergraduate participants (N=249), we conducted a psychometric validation of the STG scale, and examined its potential relation with depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide risk

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42

Hayhurst, Lynne K. "The relationship between unwanted sexual experiences, psychological well-being, substance abuse and high-risk sexual behaviour among adolescents". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-085454/.

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43

Jacobsson, Ralph Olav. "A pre-test/post-test analysis of value, behavioral and spritual changes in drug treatment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1176.

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44

Guy, Carol Richert. "Perceived social support: Its impact on length of sobriety". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1967.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study examined the relationship between perceived social support and length of sobriety. In particular this study investigated whether higher reports of perceived social support had an effect on an individual's length of sobriety. Sixty-seven male and female residents of an inpatient alcohol and drug treatment center participated in this study.

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45

LeMarquand, David Gordon 1966. "Serotonin and disorders of human disinhibition : alcohol abuse and dependence, aggression and impulsivity". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34998.

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Abstract (sommario):

A wealth of data supports the hypothesis that the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates the intake of ethanol, and is involved in the development of alcoholism in humans. Reduced functioning of the serotonergic system hypothetically increases alcohol intake in both animals and humans. In this thesis, it was proposed that the effect of lowered serotonergic function on alcohol intake is mediated by an increase in disinhibition. The hypothesis that lowered serotonin increases disinhibition was tested in separate groups of individuals at high risk for the development of psychopathology: nonalcoholic young men with a strong family history of paternal alcoholism, and adolescent men with previous histories of physically aggressive behavior. Lowered serotonergic synthesis (and thus presumably function) was experimentally induced through a transient dietary reduction in the availability of the amino add precursor of serotonin, tryptophan. Disinhibition was quantified using a go/no-go task previously shown to characterize psychopaths and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as disinhibited. In the first study, acute tryptophan depletion had no effect on aggressive responding on a modified competitive reaction time aggression task, but increased disinhibition in young men at risk for alcoholism. This effect was independent of the tryptophan depletion-induced mood alterations. The effect tryptophan depletion on disinhibition was not replicated in the second study with previously aggressive adolescent men. A number of explanations for this were posited, including the presence of a ceiling effect. An association between disinhibition and executive functioning (cognitive abilities associated with proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex, such as working memory, planning abilities) was demonstrated in the second study. In a third preliminary study, no association between disinhibition on the go/no-go task and allelic polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor

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46

Matosian, Amy. "Assumptive worlds of female childhood sexual abuse victims". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2890.

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Abstract (sommario):

The results of this study revealed that despite the childhood sexual abuse event, the victims were able to change their views in a positive direction with regard to the benevolence of the world and people as they marched through life and presumably experienced positive events.

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47

Mattson, Susan Renee. "Talking about drugs: Examining self-disclosure and trust in adult children from substance abusive families". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2734.

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The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between drugs of choice that family members abused and the non-addicted family member's levels of self-disclosure, self-disclosure avoidance, and trust.

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48

Aljaid, Bandar. "Health communication and Islam : a critique of Saudi Arabia's efforts to prevent substance abuse". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22734.

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Abstract (sommario):

Health communication has gained worldwide recognition as one of the most effective methods for tackling global health challenges; a conclusion that is supported by a range of studies showing generally positive results. Literature in the field has tended to focus on one of two perspectives: either individual behaviour change or a cultural/critical approach. This dissertation, which falls into the latter category, extends previous work on health communication and culture into a new context, namely Saudi Arabia. The thesis is motivated by two main research questions. First, how has culture influenced health communication in Saudi Arabia specifically in initiatives against illicit drug use and alcohol abuse? Second, how has this communication developed? At the heart of this study is the role of Saudi culture in health communication in an increasingly interdependent and connected world. The dissertation makes use of mixed qualitative data collection methods. Principally, it utilised semi-structured interviews with key officials and focus groups with young Saudis and health promoters in Saudi Arabia as well as attendance at and observation of health-communication events and permanent exhibitions as a subordinate method. The study reveals promising findings supporting the growing scholarly interest in the cultural dimension of health communication. It concludes that the key influence of the Saudi culture on health communication against substance abuse is Islamic beliefs about health, in particular those about substance abuse. These beliefs created a rejection of illicit drug abuse in Saudi society, thereby shaping a supportive environment for promotion activities against risky health behaviour. In addition, Islamic influence inspired the related regulations and laws in the kingdom. Islamic and local influences exert a powerful influence on the practical side of health communication in Saudi Arabia, including the content of messages, the appeal used to attract the specific audience, and the communication channels used to promote the campaigns. The study engages with four concepts constituting the Islamic model of health and illicit drug abuse: prohibition (haram), promotion (Da’wah), repentance and inclusiveness (Tawbah), and treatment and rehabilitation (Elaj). The study also examines controversial issues about health communication in the country, such as the predominance of top-down communication, the absence of participatory communication and cultural diversity. In short, a lack of innovation and creativity in delivering health communication messages. The study illustrates the major role the Saudi government has played in communicating health and substance abuse since the 1980s, when officials realised the need to modernise the means of communicating health and drug issues from mosque-based only to include modern methods such as televised campaigns, school-based programmes and hospital-based health education. Since then, government-led health communication initiatives have been well established in the kingdom. The dissertation is able to demonstrate a critical understanding of the reality of health communication against substance abuse in Saudi Arabia and make a range of recommendations to improve the efficacy of current policies and suggest new avenues for future research.

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49

Malinowska-Sempruch, Kasia. "Hiv among drug users in poland; the paradoxes of an epidemic". Thesis, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610085.

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Since 1988 when the first HIV positive drug user was identified in Poland, for close to two decades, the predominant route of HIV transmission has been through injecting drug use. In mid 2000s, Polish officials reported that injecting drug use no longer contributed to incrasing HIV incidence. The consequences of such a statement are that many of the structural and personal risks associated with HIV infection go unaddressed, that drug users are neglected by HIV prevention efforts, that HIV treatment is not made available to drug users and that the policy environment does not adequately support effective public health initiatives. This case study is based on documentation, archival records, interviews, participant observation, and physical artifacts shows that these assertions were made, and continue to be repeated, in a highly political context. Poland is a post-socialist state with strong neoliberal leanings, and it is highly invested in successful integration with the European Union. Powerful Catholic Church serves as an important backdrop. While people considered "at risk" now have more freedom to conduct their lives, they also have a set of neoliberal expectations and religious pressures placed on them. Country's geographic location adds to this complexity - situated between "Old Europe" where HIV problem has been successfully contained and the former Soviet Union, where the HIV incidence among drug users is the highest in the world, Poland attempts to align itself with the success of the West. Furthermore, examination of the available data suggests that the assertions made by Polish officials omit numerous variables. My research shows that even though Polish leadership in the area of HIV and drug policy wishes to resemble Western Europe, Poland does not meet international standards for the prevention of HIV transmission. The interviews I conducted, as well as the review of the literature on drug and HIV policies and programs suggest that these services are scattered, often unavailable, and that their number is stagnating, at best, and in some cases, even decreasing. This maybe a direct result of lack of engagement of drug users in their design. Excluded from the discussion of risk, drug users are thus not the focus of prevention efforts. Based on gathered data, there are seven crucial issues that require immediate action if Poland is to manage HIV prevention and care for people who use drugs in a manner consistent with the international standards. The areas requiring action are: a change in the drug policy from the current very punitive approach, expansion of needle and syringe programs and other harm reduction services, improved data collection and an increase in the availability of HIV testing, scaled-up substitution treatment, improved quality of other forms of drug treatment, greater investment in civil society organizations, improved access to HIV treatment, and educational and training efforts that encourage greater attention to HIV related matters across disciplines.

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50

Hoggatt, Celia. "Abuse Factors, Anxiety, and Somatic Complaint in Psychological Evaluation of Pain Patients". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/762.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology

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Tesi sul tema "Substance abuse Psychological aspects"

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