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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Submillimeter radiation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 7 luglio 2024

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1

Lindsey, Charles. "The Sun in Submillimeter Radiation." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 154 (1994): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900124301.

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Continuum observations in the far IR have given us a broad spectrum of new and powerful diagnostic utilities for the solar atmosphere. The infrared continuum is formed in LTE with thermal free electrons by free-free interactions. This gives us a flexible and accurate atmospheric thermometer that has made infrared measurements fundamental to modeling of the quiet solar medium for more than two decades. The submillimeter and millimeter continua are particularly useful with respect to thermal diagnostics of the low chromospheric temperature minimum, where non-radiative heating of the solar medium becomes clearly manifest. Modern submillimeter telescopes and instrumentation on Mauna Kea, in Hawaii, are now revolutionizing solar observations in the submillimeter spectrum, giving us the first observations of detail on the scale of the chromospheric supergranular network, sunspots and prominences. These observations are showing us a remarkable and unexpected view of thermal structure that emerges as one probes to successively higher levels above the chromospheric temperature minimum.

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2

Jin, Hai Wei, Lan Zhang, Jie Liu, and Xu Qian. "The Progress of Millimeter / Submillimeter Wave TWT Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 705 (December 2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.705.219.

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Millimeter / Submillimeter wave traveling wave tubes have the merits of high output power, frequency bandwidth, compact, light weight, etc. Millimeter / Submillimeter wave traveling wave tube is an ideal millimeter / submillimeter radiation source, can be used in fields of radar, electronic warfare, communication, etc. The paper introduced and summarized the research status of foreign Millimeter / submillimeter TWT wave tube, analyzed and discussed its trend.

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3

Esman, A. K., V. K. Kuleshov, G. L. Zykov, and V. B. Zalesskiĭ. "Planar system for recording submillimeter radiation." Journal of Optical Technology 79, no. 6 (2012): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.79.000363.

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4

Cox, P., and P. G. Mezger. "The galactic infrared/submillimeter dust radiation." Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 1, no. 1 (1989): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00872484.

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5

ZHOU, J. Y., Q. X. LI, H. Z. WANG, Z. G. CAI, X. G. HUANG, and Z. X. YU. "APPLICATIONS OF SUBMILLIMETER WAVEGUIDE TO LASER-MODE SELECTION AND NONLINEAR OPTICS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 01, no. 01 (1992): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199192000091.

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Use of submillimeter waveguide for laser transverse mode control, four-wave parametric frequency conversion, ultrafast broadband radiation generation and optical pulse shortening are presented. This paper begins with a general introduction to the applications of submillimeter waveguide to laser physics and nonlinear optics. Transverse mode selection by using an intracavity capillary is then described. Nonlinear optical frequency conversion in gas-filled hollow dielectric and hollow metallic waveguide structures is discussed. Applications of submillimeter liquid-core fiber to stimulated scattering, ultrafast broadband radiation generation and optical pulse shortening are presented, and transient stimulated Rayleigh-Kerr scattering is proposed to explain the observations of these nonlinear optical processes. It is shown that the unique characterization of high usable pump power and high power emission of submillimeter waveguides makes the waveguide structures ideal for high-power, high-energy laser physics and nonlinear optics.

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6

De Zotti, G., L. Danese, L. Toffolatti, and A. Franceschini. "The Microwave Background Radiation." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900240898.

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We review the data on the spectrum and isotropy of the microwave background radiation and the astrophysical processes that may produce spectral distortions and anisotropies. As yet no fully satisfactory explanation has been found for the submillimeter excess observed by Matsumoto et al. (1988). The most precise data at λ > 1 mm disagree with nonrelativistic comptonization models which match the excess. Distortions produced by a very hot intergalactic medium yielding the X-ray background do not fit the submillimeter data. Very special requirements must be met for the interpretation in terms of high-redshift dust emission to work.Reported anisotropies on scales of several degrees and of tens of arcsec may be produced, at least in part, by discrete sources. Because the best experiments at cm wavelengths are close to the confusion limit, they provide interesting information on the large-scale distribution of radio sources.

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7

Matsumoto, Toshio. "Submillimeter Spectrum of the Cosmic Background Radiation." Highlights of Astronomy 8 (1989): 689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600008662.

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Recent observations of the spectrum of the 3K cosmic background radiation (CBR) indicate that the CBR spectrum is consistent with a blackbody spectrum of T = 2.74 ±0.02K (Smoot et al. 1987). These measurements, however, were carried out in the Rayleigh-Jeans part of the spectrum, while theories predict spectral distortion in the Wien part. Therefore, we tried to observe the submillimeter spectrum of the CBR with a liq.He cooled radiometer onboard a sounding rocket. The experiment was a collaboration between Nagoya University and University of California, Berkeley.

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8

Vlasov, G. K., E. I. Chizhikova, and D. N. Vylegzhanin. "Excitonic detectors of infrared and submillimeter radiation." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 15, no. 1 (1994): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02265879.

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9

S. Ol’shevskaya, Yuliya, Aleksandr S. Kozlov, Aleksandr K. Petrov, Tatyana A. Zapara, and Aleksandr S. Ratushnyak. "Cell Membrane Permeability Under the Influence of Terahertz (Submillimeter) Laser Radiation." Siberian Journal of Physics 5, no. 4 (2010): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2010-5-4-177-181.

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Within the framework of the task of revealing the mechanisms of the action of terahertz (submillimeter) radiation on biological objects, the influence of terahertz (submillimeter) radiation on the processes of transmembrane transport in cell systems was experimentally analyzed. Complex research using dyes which do not penetrate through intact membranes (Trypan Blue) and reveal viable cells (BCECF-AM) together with electrophysiological analysis has shown that radiation with a 130-micron wavelength creates conditions for penetration of compounds that usually do not go through the membrane of living cells. The penetration of dye may be conditioned by reversible disturbance in the barrier properties of neuron membranes under the action of 130-micron waves. Radiation with a wavelength of 150 microns does not show such properties. The received results may offer the challenge of developing methods of directed transport of biologically active compounds into cells

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10

Phillips, T. G. "A Submillimeter Mission for the 1990s: SMMM." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100077071.

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Submillimeter wavelengths hold the key to some of the most important aspects of astronomy. These range from star-forming molecular clouds and proto-planetary disks in our galaxy to infrared emitting galaxies at cosmological distances. Indeed, the essential problems of star-formation and galaxy-formation will be directly probed by the submillimeter spectral lines and continuum radiation emitted by these objects. Other fascinating topics falling into the submillimeter band include the Wien component of the cosmic background radiation, containing information on the nature of the early universe, and nearer to home, the spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres. Since the submillimeter contains fundamental information on the physics and chemistry of so many aspects of our universe, every effort should be made to provide the very best instrumentation for these astronomical studies. We should be capable of detection and analysis of even the most distant objects yet conceived.Telescopes specifically designed for submillimeter astronomy are now operating on high mountain sites and the field is developing in an exciting and rapid fashion. NASA’s airborne program has been in operation for some time and has been of the greatest importance in getting the field started. Both ground and airborne programs will continue to be essential because of their flexibility for implementing new investigations, for instrument development and to support the growth of an active science community, especially students. However, it is now essential to move forward on a space program.

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11

Takahashi, T., Y. Shibata, F. Arai, et al. "Coherent transition radiation at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths." Physical Review E 48, no. 6 (1993): 4674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.48.4674.

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12

Shibata, Yukio, Kimihiro Ishi, Toshiaki Ohsaka, et al. "Coherent synchrotron radiation at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 301, no. 1 (1991): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90750-k.

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13

Matsumoto, T., S. Hayakawa, H. Matsuo, et al. "The submillimeter spectrum of the cosmic background radiation." Astrophysical Journal 329 (June 1988): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/166403.

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14

Lindsey, C., G. Kopp, T. A. Clark, and G. Watt. "The Sun in Submillimeter and Near-Millimeter Radiation." Astrophysical Journal 453 (November 1995): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/176412.

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15

Petrosian, Vahé. "Submillimeter and Far Infrared Emission from Solar Flares." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 154 (1994): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900124325.

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The mechanisms for emission in the submillimeter and far-infrared (1011 and 1013 Hz) regions by solar flares and expected fluxes at these frequencies are described and evaluated. These inferences are based on observations of flare emission at other frequencies and on models for these emissions. In the impulsive phase, non-thermal synchrotron emission by electrons responsible for > 10 MeV gamma-ray emission can give rise to significant radiation in the 1011 to 1013 Hz region from large flares. Free-free or thermal gyrosynchrotron from the hot plasma responsible for the gradual soft X-ray emission can produce significant radiation in the 1011 to 1013 Hz range. However, only radiation in the lower end of this range would have a brightness temperature exceeding the quiet sun brightness.

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16

Tachibana, Tomoko, Tomoko Gowa Oyama, Yukie Yoshii, et al. "An In Vivo Dual-Observation Method to Monitor Tumor Mass and Tumor-Surface Blood Vessels for Developing Anti-Angiogenesis Agents against Submillimeter Tumors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24 (2023): 17234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417234.

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Managing metastasis at the early stage and detecting and treating submillimeter tumors at early metastasis are crucial for improving cancer prognosis. Angiogenesis is a critical target for developing drugs to detect and inhibit submillimeter tumor growth; however, drug development remains challenging because there are no suitable models for observing the submillimeter tumor mass and the surrounding blood vessels in vivo. We have established a xenograft subcutaneous submillimeter tumor mouse model with HT-29-RFP by transplanting a single spheroid grown on radiation-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel microwells. Here, we developed an in vivo dual-observation method to observe the submillimeter tumor mass and tumor-surface blood vessels using this model. RFP was detected to observe the tumor mass, and a fluorescent angiography agent FITC-dextran was administered to observe blood vessels via stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy. The anti-angiogenesis agent regorafenib was used to confirm the usefulness of this method. This method effectively detected the submillimeter tumor mass and tumor-surface blood vessels in vivo. Regorafenib treatment revealed tumor growth inhibition and angiogenesis downregulation with reduced vascular extremities, segments, and meshes. Further, we confirmed that tumor-surface blood vessel areas monitored using in vivo dual-observation correlated with intratumoral blood vessel areas observed via fluorescence microscopy with frozen sections. In conclusion, this method would be useful in developing anti-angiogenesis agents against submillimeter tumors.

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17

Chen, Ke, Jiasheng Wu, and Yingying Chen. "Joint Retrieval of Multiple Species of Ice Hydrometeor Parameters from Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Brightness Temperature Based on Convolutional Neural Networks." Remote Sensing 16, no. 6 (2024): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16061096.

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Submillimeter wave radiometers are promising remote sensing tools for sounding ice cloud parameters. The Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) aboard the second generation of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS−SG) is the first operational submillimeter wave radiometer used for ice cloud remote sensing. Ice clouds simultaneously contain three species of ice hydrometeors—ice, snow, and graupel—the physical distributions and submillimeter wave radiation characteristics of which differ. Therefore, jointly retrieving the mass parameters of the three ice hydrometeors from submillimeter brightness temperatures is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a multiple species of ice hydrometeor parameters retrieval algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that can jointly retrieve the total content and vertical profiles of ice, snow, and graupel particles from submillimeter brightness temperatures. The training dataset is generated by a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and a submillimeter wave radiative transfer (RT) model. In this study, an end to end ICI simulation experiment involving forward modeling of the brightness temperature and retrieval of ice cloud parameters was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed CNN retrieval algorithm. Compared with the classical Unet, the average relative errors of the improved RCNN–ResUnet are reduced by 11%, 25%, and 18% in GWP, IWP, and SWP retrieval, respectively. Compared with Bayesian Monte Carlo integration algorithm, the average relative error of the total content retrieved by RCNN–ResUnet is reduced by 71%. Compared with BP neural network algorithm, the average relative error of the vertical profiles retrieved by RCNN–ResUnet is reduced by 69%. In addition, this algorithm was applied to actual Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) 183 GHz observed brightness temperatures to retrieve graupel particle parameters with a relative error in the total content of less than 25% and a relative error in the profile of less than 35%. The results show that the proposed CNN algorithm can be applied to future space borne submillimeter wave radiometers to jointly retrieve mass parameters of ice, snow, and graupel.

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18

Puget, J. L. "Summary: The Galactic Background Radiation." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900241338.

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The most striking aspect of this conference with respect to galactic studies has been the confrontation between wavelengths. The study of the background radiation requires absolute measurements of low brightness over very extended regions. Such measurements are known to be extremely difficult. We now can confront data on the galactic background at all frequencies. The data from far ultraviolet to submillimeter give particularly useful constraints on both the direct interpretation of the data and on their astrophysical interpretation.

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19

Mather, J. C. "Observation and Interpretation of the Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum." Highlights of Astronomy 9 (1992): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600009059.

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AbstractRecent precise observations of the microwave and submillimeter cosmic background radiation are summarized, including rocket experiments, the FIRAS (Far InfraRed Absolute Spectrophotometer) on the COBE, CN results, and microwave measurements. Theoretical implications are summarized.

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20

Bojarski, N. "Comments on "Inverse black body radiation at submillimeter wavelengths"." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 33, no. 2 (1985): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1985.1143556.

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21

Budhani, R. C., L. Lesyna, D. DiMarzio, H. Wiesmann, and G. P. Williams. "Electrodynamics ofYBa2Cu3O7films deduced from submillimeter synchrotron-radiation transmittance measurements." Physical Review B 44, no. 13 (1991): 7087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.44.7087.

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22

Ginzburg, N. S., I. V. Zotova, V. Yu Zaslavskii, A. S. Sergeev, and I. V. Zheleznov. "Submillimeter planar gyrotrons with transverse diffraction output of radiation." Technical Physics Letters 37, no. 1 (2011): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785011010196.

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23

Alexeff, I., and M. Rader. "Photo of a synthetic atom [submillimeter microwave radiation production]." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 24, no. 1 (1996): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.491673.

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24

Chouvaev, D., and L. Kuzmin. "An SNS antenna-coupled direct detector of submillimeter radiation." Physica C: Superconductivity 352, no. 1-4 (2001): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)01707-x.

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25

Shimizu, Takashi, Yasuhiko Abe, Yoshizumi Yasuoka, and Kenji Gamo. "Thin-Film Slot Antennas for 2.5 THz Submillimeter Radiation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 35, Part 2, No. 2B (1996): L266—L268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.35.l266.

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Dayton, J. A., V. O. Heinen, N. Stankiewicz, and T. M. Wallett. "Submillimeter backward wave oscillators." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 8, no. 10 (1987): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01011077.

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27

Guenther, Bob D., and Paul W. Kruse. "Submillimeter wave detector workshop." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7, no. 8 (1986): 1091–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01011096.

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28

Cassedy, E. S. "The free-electron-laser synchronous harmonic generator—A high power source of submillimeter waves." Laser and Particle Beams 5, no. 4 (1987): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600003177.

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A harmonic generator of submillimeter wavelength radiation, operating on a relativistic electron beam, is proposed. The device is shown to operate on principles of parametric interactions, under the particular conditions of an electric-quadrupole pump field which is propagating synchronously with the electron beam. Using a fluid model, it is shown that a cascade of parametric sum and difference frequencies in the transverse beam modes should occur, with each harmonic component growing convectively along the beam. The physical effect, termed the “sonic condition”, has been observed previously on a non-relativistic device emitting output radiation in the UHF range. A realization for relativistic beams is proposed, using an FEL structure as the parametric pump, a closed waveguide synchronous pump region and an output coupling of the gyrotron type. Possible advantages over the present state-of-the-art for high-power submillimeter electron-beam devices are discussed.

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29

Hauser, M. G. "The Cosmic Infrared Background." Highlights of Astronomy 9 (1992): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600009084.

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AbstractCosmic infrared background radiation, expected to carry the radiative record of luminous objects since they first formed, has yet to be detected. The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite is designed to search for this primeval background over the spectral range from 1 to 300 μm. Initial examination of data from this experiment show that foreground radiations from the solar system and Galaxy dominate the diffuse infrared sky brightness, with relative minima near 3.5 μm and in the submillimeter wavelength range. DIRBE measurements do not confirm some previous data from rockets and IRAS. Preliminary upper limits on the cosmic infrared background are generally above theoretical expectations for pregalactic and protogalactic sources, and substantially above estimated lower limits based upon observations of external galaxies. Careful foreground modeling is required to reduce these limits or identify an isotropic residual.

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Kocharian, K. N., V. E. Harutunian, R. M. Martirossian, et al. "Submillimeter transmission spectra of Sr2Ca2Cu4Oy." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 12, no. 7 (1991): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01008904.

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Avakian, A. A., K. N. Kocharian, and R. M. Martirossian. "Acoustomagnetic modulation in submillimeter band." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 11, no. 6 (1990): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01010044.

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Volkov, A. A. "Submillimeter BWO spectroscopy of solids." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 8, no. 1 (1987): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01010646.

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Frerking, Margaret A. "Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology Conference." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 8, no. 10 (1987): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01011071.

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Dye, S., S. A. Eales, M. L. N. Ashby, et al. "An Investigation of the Submillimeter Background Radiation Using SCUBA andSpitzer." Astrophysical Journal 644, no. 2 (2006): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/503863.

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Carlsten, Bruce E., Kip A. Bishofberger, and Rickey J. Faehl. "Compact two-stream generator of millimeter- and submillimeter-wave radiation." Physics of Plasmas 15, no. 7 (2008): 073101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2938385.

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Shibata, Y., K. Ishi, T. Takahashi, et al. "Observation of coherent transition radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths." Physical Review A 45, no. 12 (1992): R8340—R8343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.r8340.

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Kimura, Shigeo S., Shinsuke Takasao, and Kengo Tomida. "Modeling Hadronic Gamma-Ray Emissions from Solar Flares and Prospects for Detecting Nonthermal Signatures from Protostars." Astrophysical Journal 944, no. 2 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb649.

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Abstract We investigate gamma-ray emission in the impulsive phase of solar flares and the detectability of nonthermal signatures from protostellar flares. Energetic solar flares emit high-energy gamma rays of GeV energies, but their production mechanism and emission site are still unknown. Young stellar objects, including protostars, also exhibit luminous X-ray flares, but the triggering mechanism of the flaring activity is still unclear owing to the strong obscuration. Nonthermal signatures in millimeter/submillimeter and gamma-ray bands are useful to probe protostellar flares owing to their strong penetration power. We develop a nonthermal emission model of the impulsive phase of solar flares, where cosmic-ray protons accelerated at the termination shock produce high-energy gamma rays via hadronuclear interaction with the evaporation plasma. This model can reproduce gamma-ray data in the impulsive phase of a solar flare. We apply our model to protostellar flares and show that the Cherenkov Telescope Array will be able to detect gamma rays of TeV energies if particle acceleration in protostellar flares is efficient. Nonthermal electrons accelerated together with protons can emit strong millimeter and submillimeter signals via synchrotron radiation, whose power is consistent with the energetic millimeter/submillimeter transients observed from young stars. Future gamma-ray and millimeter/submillimeter observations from protostars, coordinated with a hard X-ray observation, will unravel the nonthermal particle production and triggering mechanism of protostellar flares.

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Ridler, Nick M., Roland G. Clarke, Chong Li, and Martin J. Salter. "Strategies for Traceable Submillimeter-Wave Vector Network Analyzer." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (2019): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2019.2911870.

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Lammers, U. H. W., R. A. Marr, and J. B. Morris. "A coherent mechanical submillimeter frequency shifter." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 11, no. 3 (1990): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01010435.

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Mueller, E. R. "Frequency-shifting submillimeter single-sideband receiver." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 15, no. 4 (1994): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02096482.

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Mattauch, R. J., and T. W. Crowe. "GaAs Schottky devices for submillimeter wavelengths." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 8, no. 10 (1987): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01011074.

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Rebeiz, Gabriel M., Wade G. Regehr, David B. Rutledge, Richard L. Savage, and Neville C. Luhmann. "Submillimeter-wave antennas on thin membranes." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 8, no. 10 (1987): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01011076.

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Ediss, G. A., N. J. Keen, K. D. Mischerikow, A. Schulz, and A. Korn. "Quasi-optical components at submillimeter wavelengths." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 8, no. 2 (1987): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01012549.

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Doi, A., M. Teranaka, F. Gohda, et al. "Protein denaturation by millimeter and submillimeter wave radiation using a gyotron." Seibutsu Butsuri 39, supplement (1999): S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.39.s171_2.

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von Ortenberg, Michael. "Monochromatic submillimeter radiation — a fundamental tool in magneto spectroscopy of solids." Infrared Physics & Technology 36, no. 1 (1995): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4495(94)00076-w.

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Rahman, Faiz, and Trevor Thornton. "Superconducting quantum wells for the detection of submillimeter wave electromagnetic radiation." Applied Physics Letters 77, no. 3 (2000): 432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.127000.

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47

Belenov, É. M., M. V. Danileĭko, V. E. Derkach, V. I. Romanenko, and A. V. Uskov. "Superconducting Nb3Sn point contact in the submillimeter range of electromagnetic radiation." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, no. 5 (1988): 675–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n05abeh012260.

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48

Ferrante, G., M. Zarcone, and S. A. Uryupin. "Amplification of nonlinear currents generation at harmonics frequencies of submillimeter radiation." Laser Physics Letters 3, no. 9 (2006): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200610034.

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49

Khersonskii, V. K., and N. V. Voshchinnikov. "Infrared Dust Emission in Galaxies and Spectral Distortion of Microwave Background." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900241065.

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Abstract (sommario):

Recent observations (Matsumoto et al., 1988) indicate that at submillimeter wavelengths the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) deviates from that of Planckian blackbody with a temperature T0R = 2.76 K. The relative excess of the flux ζ(v) = [F(v) – F0(v)] / F0(v) (where F(v) and F0(v) are the registered flux and the flux of the blackbody radiation at the frequency of the observations) are 0.6 at a frequency v1 = 380 GHz (λ = 709 μm) and 3.4 at a frequency v2 = 624 GHz (λ = 481 μm).

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50

Partridge, R. B. "Extragalactic Backgrounds: Common Features and New Work on Intracluster Light." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900240849.

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Abstract (sommario):

I examine some common features of several extragalactic backgrounds, beginning with the best studied of all backgrounds, the 3 K microwave radiation, then continuing on to the newly discovered submillimeter flux and the near infrared (IR) background. Both the total surface brightness and fluctuations (or anisotropies) in the brightness of these backgrounds are considered. Some implications for cosmology and for astrophysics are mentioned.

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