Tesi sul tema "Strutures"
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Tong, Wusheng. "Chemical beam epitaxial growth of ZnS : growth kinetics and novel electroluminescent strutures". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31012.
Testo completoGreenham, Neil D. "Redox-active macrocycles for the formation of interpenetrated strutures for use as anion sensors". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540244.
Testo completoVieille, Benoit. "De l'élaboration d'un modèle numérique à la prédiction du comportement de strutures minces en alliage à mémoire de forme". Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2027.
Testo completoThe Shape Memory Alloys industrial development is narrowly connected to the design process requiring the perfecting of efficient numerical tools which allow to simulate their complex behaviours. The SMA superelasticity tridimensional phenomenological model so developed comes from the generalized standard materials theory and the classical plasticity models. The expansion to the finite transformations case relies on the deformed intermediate configuration and the director vectors concepts. The model constitutive laws numerical integration with an implicit method allowed then the implementation in the finite element code Castem 2000Ò. At last, the comparison with experimental tests allowed the validation of the model integration in a specific shell finite element context. Thus, it permits to consider the finite transformations computations for very thin structures under proportional loadings
Martinat, Isaac. "Conception d'un langage de description de strutures tabulaires et du système de reconnaissance associé : Application aux tableaux dans les documents d'archives". Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISARA002.
Testo completoANowadays, a mass digitization of documents gives access to a large quantity of documents. To give better access to the information in some of these documents, we focus on the recognition of a structured document class, tables. This dissertation presents a table description language linked to a recognition system This simple and intuitive language enables to describe complex and variable table structures as well as more precise descriptions to allow the analyzer compensate for lacking information, and to better absorb noise. To design this analyzer and the use of information from the descriptions, we propose an internal representation and introduce the concept of final intersections. These intersections help to characterize table structures. To validate our system, we present results on very variable table structures and on over 50,000 old documents
Kaidatzis, Andreas. "Spin-dependent hot electron transport and manoscale magnetic imaging of metal/Si structures". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112232.
Testo completoIn this work, we experimentally study spin-dependent hot electron transport through metallic multilayers (ML), containing single magnetic layers or “spin-valve” (SV) trilayers. For this purpose, we have set up a ballistic electron emission microscope (BEEM), a three terminal extension of scanning tunnelling microscopy on metal/semiconductor structures. The implementation of the BEEM requirements into the sample fabrication is described in detail. Using BEEM, the hot electron transmission through the ML’s was systematically measured in the energy range 1-2 eV above the Fermi level. By varying the magnetic layer thickness, the spin-dependent hot electron attenuation lengths were deduced. For the materials studied (Co and NiFe), they were compared to calculations and other determinations in the literature. For sub-monolayer thickness, a non uniform morphology was observed, with large transmission variations over sub-nanometric distances. This effect is not yet fully understood. In the imaging mode, the magnetic configurations of SV’s were studied under field, focussing on 360° domain walls in Co layers. The effects of the applied field intensity and direction on the DW structure were studied. The results were compared quantitatively to micromagnetic calculations, with an excellent agreement. From this, it can be shown that the BEEM magnetic resolution is better than 50 mn
MagalhÃes, FlÃvia Castelo Batista. "O advogado como protagonista do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel: DiagnÃstico das estruturas acadÃmica e jurisdicional de Fortaleza-CE para a formaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo deste profissional". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2164.
Testo completoNÃo se verificou precedentes no que diz respeito à investigaÃÃo cientÃfica, visando a um diagnÃstico acerca das estruturas acadÃmicas e profissionais para a formaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo do advogado na seara ambiental, o que por si reveste a presente pesquisa de originalidade. Objetivando fazer este diagnÃstico, toma-se como palco investigativo, a cidade de Fortaleza, CearÃ, diante da hipÃtese de que referida capital nÃo estimula o desenvolvimento da Advocacia Ambiental. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se de leitura e fichamento bibliogrÃfico, legal e documental; aplicaÃÃo de entrevistas e de questionÃrios; conversas informais; visitas de campo Ãs instituiÃÃes de ensino superior (IES), Ãs varas competentes para julgar e processar as aÃÃes ambientais e à Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, secional cearense (OAB/CE); requisiÃÃo de documentaÃÃo; alÃm de tabulaÃÃo, anÃlise e interpretaÃÃo dos dados, o que deu origem a trÃs estudos de caso (na UNIFOR, na UFC e nas 1 e 2 Promotorias Especializadas em Meio Ambiente e Planejamento Urbano) e estudos menos profundos acerca das estruturas acadÃmicas mais recentes (cursos de Direito criados a partir de 2001). Os resultados apontam para a confirmaÃÃo da hipÃtese inicial de que Fortaleza nÃo possui estruturas, acadÃmica e profissional, especializadas em meio ambiente, para a formaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo do advogado, sem, contudo, desprezar iniciativas isoladas que visam, especialmente, na academia, a uma proximidade maior deste profissional com seu mister constitucional de proteger e defender o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para as presentes e futuras geraÃÃes. Finalmente, por meio deste diagnÃstico preliminar, espera-se dar continuidade à investigaÃÃo, numa nova perspectiva: propositiva de modelos de estruturas acadÃmicas e jurisdicionais para maior atuaÃÃo do advogado como protagonista do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel.
It was not identified any previous study concerning scientific investigation aiming to develop a diagnostic on academic and professional supporting structures related to the capacity and performance of lawyers in the environmental area, fact that reveals the original aspect of this research. Aiming to develop such diagnostic, it was considered the city of Fortaleza as the investigative scenery, having the hypothesis that is not identified in this city any support for the development of the environmental advocacy. Concerning its methodology, it was applied legal and documental reading and bibliographical notes; interviews and questionnaires; informal conversations; visits to Universities and Law Courses, to courts responsible for judging and prosecuting environmental issues and to Brazilian Advocates Order, sectional State of Cearà (OAB/CE); requesting of documentation; and treatment, analysis and interpretation of collected data, which originated three study cases (at UNIFOR, at UFC and at 1st and 2st prosecuting courts specialized in environment and urban planning) and superficial studies concerning more recent academic structures (Law Courses established since 2001). The results point in the direction of the confirmation of the initial hypothesis that is not identified in the city of Fortaleza any academic or professional structures specialized in environment the education and performance of lawyers in the environmental area. Nevertheless, it is not forgot sporadic enterprises, specially in academic area, that aim to approach the professional to its constitutional hole of protecting and defending the ecologically balanced environment for present and future generations. Finally, through this preliminary diagnostic, it is aimed to continue this research in a new perspective: offering suggestions of models of academic and jurisdictional structures in order to promote a more intense performance of lawyers as protagonists of sustained development.
Magalhães, Flavia Castelo Batista. "O advogado como protagonista do desenvolvimento sustentável: Diagnóstico das estruturas acadêmica e jurisdicional de Fortaleza-CE para a formação e atuação deste profissional". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15885.
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It was not identified any previous study concerning scientific investigation aiming to develop a diagnostic on academic and professional supporting structures related to the capacity and performance of lawyers in the environmental area, fact that reveals the original aspect of this research. Aiming to develop such diagnostic, it was considered the city of Fortaleza as the investigative scenery, having the hypothesis that is not identified in this city any support for the development of the environmental advocacy. Concerning its methodology, it was applied legal and documental reading and bibliographical notes; interviews and questionnaires; informal conversations; visits to Universities and Law Courses, to courts responsible for judging and prosecuting environmental issues and to Brazilian Advocates Order, sectional State of Ceará (OAB/CE); requesting of documentation; and treatment, analysis and interpretation of collected data, which originated three study cases (at UNIFOR, at UFC and at 1st and 2st prosecuting courts specialized in environment and urban planning) and superficial studies concerning more recent academic structures (Law Courses established since 2001). The results point in the direction of the confirmation of the initial hypothesis that is not identified in the city of Fortaleza any academic or professional structures specialized in environment the education and performance of lawyers in the environmental area. Nevertheless, it is not forgot sporadic enterprises, specially in academic area, that aim to approach the professional to its constitutional hole of protecting and defending the ecologically balanced environment for present and future generations. Finally, through this preliminary diagnostic, it is aimed to continue this research in a new perspective: offering suggestions of models of academic and jurisdictional structures in order to promote a more intense performance of lawyers as protagonists of sustained development.
Não se verificou precedentes no que diz respeito à investigação científica, visando a um diagnóstico acerca das estruturas acadêmicas e profissionais para a formação e atuação do advogado na seara ambiental, o que por si reveste a presente pesquisa de originalidade. Objetivando fazer este diagnóstico, toma-se como palco investigativo, a cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, diante da hipótese de que referida capital não estimula o desenvolvimento da Advocacia Ambiental. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se de leitura e fichamento bibliográfico, legal e documental; aplicação de entrevistas e de questionários; conversas informais; visitas de campo às instituições de ensino superior (IES), às varas competentes para julgar e processar as ações ambientais e à Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, secional cearense (OAB/CE); requisição de documentação; além de tabulação, análise e interpretação dos dados, o que deu origem a três estudos de caso (na UNIFOR, na UFC e nas 1ª e 2ª Promotorias Especializadas em Meio Ambiente e Planejamento Urbano) e estudos menos profundos acerca das estruturas acadêmicas mais recentes (cursos de Direito criados a partir de 2001). Os resultados apontam para a confirmação da hipótese inicial de que Fortaleza não possui estruturas, acadêmica e profissional, especializadas em meio ambiente, para a formação e atuação do advogado, sem, contudo, desprezar iniciativas isoladas que visam, especialmente, na academia, a uma proximidade maior deste profissional com seu mister constitucional de proteger e defender o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para as presentes e futuras gerações. Finalmente, por meio deste diagnóstico preliminar, espera-se dar continuidade à investigação, numa nova perspectiva: propositiva de modelos de estruturas acadêmicas e jurisdicionais para maior atuação do advogado como protagonista do desenvolvimento sustentável.
El, Hanbali Sara. "Elaboration et études de films de nouveaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques a propriétés électriques et optiques". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2030.
Testo completoMaterials owning optical and electrical properties are interesting as they are used in many applications as solar cells, LEDs, phototransistors or photodetectors. Currently only organic or inorganic devices are commercialized. Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are attractive as much as they might have robustness, stability and cost in an intermediate state between all-organic or all-inorganic materials. This manuscript deals with the synthesis by electrodeposition of self-assembly of new hybrid organic-inorganic films with electrical and optical properties. We present here three hybrid systems (ZnO/Sodium dodecylsulfate, ZnO/2-naphthoic acid and ZnO/terephthalic acid) and the hybrid phases included in each system. A preliminary study with solution and hydrothermal synthesis is also presented for each system. Both synthesis methods were useful to identify and characterize the different synthesized phases
Plass, Pórtulas Mireya 1982. "Comparative analysis of splicing in eukaryotes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78124.
Testo completoSplicing is the mechanism by which introns are removed from the pre-mRNA to create a mature transcript. This process is performed by a macromolecular complex, the spliceosome, and involves the recognition of the splicing signals in the premRNA. These signals are not always perfectly recognized, which allows the production of different mature transcripts from a single pre-mRNA through a process called alternative splicing. This process can be regulated by specific protein factors or by other mechanisms that affect the recognition of the splicing signals, such as the secondary structure adopted by the pre-mRNA. In this thesis we have investigated the mechanisms of splicing regulation in eukaryotes using computational approaches. Moreover, we have also studied the relationship that exists between protein factors involved in splicing regulation and splicing signals, and how they have co-evolved across species. Finally, and considering the possibilities that alternative splicing can offer from the evolutionary point of view, he have also analyzed the impact of alternative splicing in gene evolution.
Plass, Pórtulas Mireya. "Comparative analysis of splicing in eukaryotes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78124.
Testo completoSplicing is the mechanism by which introns are removed from the pre-mRNA to create a mature transcript. This process is performed by a macromolecular complex, the spliceosome, and involves the recognition of the splicing signals in the premRNA. These signals are not always perfectly recognized, which allows the production of different mature transcripts from a single pre-mRNA through a process called alternative splicing. This process can be regulated by specific protein factors or by other mechanisms that affect the recognition of the splicing signals, such as the secondary structure adopted by the pre-mRNA. In this thesis we have investigated the mechanisms of splicing regulation in eukaryotes using computational approaches. Moreover, we have also studied the relationship that exists between protein factors involved in splicing regulation and splicing signals, and how they have co-evolved across species. Finally, and considering the possibilities that alternative splicing can offer from the evolutionary point of view, he have also analyzed the impact of alternative splicing in gene evolution.
Vautrin, Claire. "Stabilité et struture d'agrégats catanioniques". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0003.
Testo completoThe catanionic system hydroxide de cetyltrimetylammonium - myristic acid - water studied here has the advantage to produce aggregates with controlled charge. So, the ternary phase diagram presents some interesting aggregates (micelle, vesicle, disc, lamellar phase). The study of the CMC put in evidence some strong interactions between monomers : the interaction parameter is equal to -10kT. On a microscopic point of view, the alkyl chains packing is hexagonal and we proved by WAXS and WANS that the head groups are liquid ordered. More over, the hydrogen bonds participate to the bilayer cohesion. The mechanical properties of the catanionic membrane are similar to the properties of phospholipids. We estimated the Young modulus to 100MPa by compressibility measurements (acoustic propagation and Langmuir trough). The thermodynamic properties studied by DSC showed that the chain melting transition depends on the sample composition
Booth, Douglas Geoffrey. "Synthesis and struture of ultramarine pigments". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250047.
Testo completoSantos, Herberth Lima dos. "Desenvolvimento nacional, desenvolvimento regional e moeda: notas te?ricas ? luz da economia pol?tica do desenvolvimento". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14082.
Testo completoThis work analyses the ability of National States and regions have to formulations development strategies. Redeeming the initial development concept as a conflictual process, the hypothesis is that it presents internal and external constraints, as the latter have a higher preponderance, revealed the role played by money. In this case, one can point to as sub-hypothesis that the growth models with external constraint, mainly through the balance of payments, may illustrate the fact that countries are subject to international economic interactions that limit the possibility of bringing acylating strategies well successful in overcoming backwardness. For the specific case of regions, indicates that the external constraint remains an element of embarrassment for regional development, but redeems itself the center-periphery relations in this context to discuss the role of monetary and financial system as an explanation for the disparities regional income. On the domestic front, we highlight the importance of social structures of accumulation as an element of internal cohesion necessary to achieve successful development trajectories. It points also to the importance of the State in the process rescuing some of the main theoretical contributions of the political economy of development, incorporating the concept of globalization on theoretical frameworks presented. This construction where development depends on the actions of external and internal conditions, where money plays a key role as a guideline for reflections on regional development. The attempt was to transplant our considerations on the general development to address the case of regions. Finally, we conclude by greater confidence in the hypothesis and sub-hypotheses of departure, which led to propositions of economic policies
Este trabalho investiga o raio de manobra que Estados Nacionais e regi?es possuem para a formula??es de estrat?gias de desenvolvimento. Resgatando inicialmente o conceito de desenvolvimento como um processo conflituoso, a hip?tese desenvolvida ? que este apresenta condicionantes internos e externos, em que estes ?ltimos possuem maior preponder?ncia, revelada pelo papel desempenhado pela moeda. Nesse caso, pode-se apontar como sub-hip?tese que os modelos de crescimento com restri??o externa, fundamentalmente atrav?s do balan?o de pagamentos, podem ilustrar o fato de que os pa?ses est?o submetidos a intera??es econ?micas internacionais que limitam a possibilidade de levar adiantes estrat?gias bem sucedidas de supera??o do atraso. Para o caso espec?fico das regi?es, aponta-se que a restri??o externa continua sendo um elemento de constrangimento ao desenvolvimento regional, por?m resgata-se as rela??es centro-periferia nesse contexto para discutir o papel da moeda e do sistema financeiro como explica??o para as disparidades regionais de renda. No front interno, destaca-se a import?ncia das estruturas sociais de acumula??o como elemento de coes?o interna necess?rio para a consecu??o de trajet?rias de desenvolvimento exitosas. Aponta-se ainda para import?ncia do Estado nesse processo resgatando algumas das principais contribui??es te?ricas da economia pol?tica do desenvolvimento, incorporando o conceito de globaliza??o nos marcos te?ricos apresentados. Essa constru??o em que o desenvolvimento depende da atua??o de condi??es externas e internas, em que a moeda desempenha um papel fundamental serviu de orienta??o para as reflex?es em torno do desenvolvimento regional. A tentativa foi de transplantar nossas considera??es sobre o desenvolvimento em geral para tratar do caso das regi?es. Finalmente, conclui-se pela maior confian?a em rela??o a hip?tese e sub-hip?teses de partida, o que levou a proposi??es de pol?ticas econ?micas
Nunes, Claudia Carvalho. "Propriedades estruturais do material vitreo silica-titania produzido pelo metodo do aerosol em chama". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264844.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O sistema binário sílica titânia, SiO2-TiO2,apresenta grande interesse tecnológico devido as suas propriedades: ultra-baixo coeficiente de expansão térmico e alto índice de refração. As propriedades são dependentes da quantidade de dopante presente no material. A SiO2-TiO2 é usada na indústria de componentes fotônicos, tais como, lentes, micro-lentes, espelhos e fibras ópticas especiais. Um importante material óptico para litografia no extremo ultravioleta (EUVL) é caracterizado por concentrações próximas a 8 % em peso de TiO2, com estrutura amorfa e transparente num amplo espectro da região UV, visível e IV. A indústria óptico-eletrônica necessita de fibras ópticas sensoras com alto índice de refração. Este tipo de fibra pode ser obtido através da fabricação de uma fibra de SiO2-TiO2. Amostras com concentrações que variam de 1 a 14 % em peso TiO2 fabricadas pelo método do aerosol em chama foram caracterizadas quanto a suas propriedades estruturais e ópticas. As amostras com concentrações superiores a 7,5 % em peso apresentaram-se translúcidas ou opacas, e com estrutura octaédrica segundo dados de XANES (Absorção de Raios-X próximo à estrutura da borda). A difração de raios-X identificou a fase anatásio da titânia como estrutura octaédrica. Através de tratamentos térmicos a altas temperaturas em chama (> 1500 ºC) obtivemos amostras transparentes no visível, amorfa, contendo 8,2 % em peso. Foi obtido um material com índice de refração de 1,48 para concentração de 10 % em peso de TiO2. Portanto a SiO2-TiO2 é viável para a fabricação de uma fibra com alto índice de refração
Abstract: The binary SiO2-TiO2 system presents a great technological importance due to its special properties: ultra low thermal expansion and high refractive index. The properties depend on the amount of dopant present in material. The SiO2-TiO2 is used for the components of photonic industries, such as lenses, mirrors and special fiber optics. As an important optical material for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), it is characterized by concentrations of ~ 8 wt. % of TiO2, with amorphous structure and transparent for a large UV, visible and IR spectra. The optoelectronic industries needs optical fiber sensor that presents high refractive index. This kind of fiber can be produce by SiO2-TiO2 fiber production. Samples with concentrations varying in the range 1 to 14 wt. % TiO2 made by flame aerosol technique were characterized in terms of structural and optical properties. As-consolidated samples with concentrations up to 7.5 wt. % TiO2 presented itself translucent or opaque with octahedral structure, according to XANES data (X-ray absorption near-edge structure). The anatase phase of titania was identified by X-ray diffraction patterns. However, by high temperature flame heat treatments (> 1500 ºC), it was possible to obtain transparent SiO2-TiO2 materials in the visible range with concentration up to 8.2 wt. % TiO2. The material presents refractive index 1.48 with concentration about 10 wt. % TiO2. Therefore SiO2-TiO2 is feasible to fibers fabrication with high refractive index
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Pra-ai, Suriyavut. "Essais et modélisation du cisaillement cyclique sol-struture à grand nombre de cycles. Application aux pieux". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809729.
Testo completoHingorani, Manju M. "Role of Hexameric Struture and dTTPase Activity in Bacteriophage T7 Helicase-Catalyzed Unwinding of Double-Stranded DNA /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487933648651124.
Testo completoGodoi, Divina Sueide de. "Diversidade e hábitos alimentares de peixes de riachos afluentes do rio Teles Pires, drenagem do rio Tapajós, Bacia Amazônica /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100207.
Testo completoBanca: Lilian Casatti
Banca: Carlos Alberto Vicentini
Banca: Sirlei Terezinha Bennemann
Banca: Luiz Henrique Florindo
Resumo: Com o objetivo de estudar a diversidade dos peixes de dois afluentes do rio Teles Pires, foram realizadas expedições bimestrais entre outubro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006. Para amostragem da ictiofauna dos afluentes, foram cercados 75m de cada trecho com rede de arrasto; a coleta foi feita através de redes de arrasto manuais, puçás e peneiras. O esforço de coleta aplicado a cada variante metodológica foi de 40 minutos. No total foram coletados 3362 exemplares, pertencentes a 5 ordens, 26 famílias, 65 gêneros e 106 espécies. A ordem Characiformes, foi a mais representativa. As famílias mais abundantes numericamente foram Characidae e Cichlidae, em ambos os rios e períodos analisados. Para a jusante do rio Taxidermista e do rio Verde Paraíso ocorreu maior diversidade na seca, decaindo na cheia. A menor diversidade encontrada foi no período da seca à montante do rio Taxidermista. Para o rio Taxidermista, ocorreu uma pequena similaridade em todo o período de coletas, entre os dois trechos, 0,1 na cheia e 0,3 na seca. Já para o rio Verde Paraíso, houve maior similaridade entre os dois trechos, sendo que a maior foi no período da seca (0,80) e a menor na cheia (0,72). Para o Taxidermista os resultados dos cálculos da constância de ocorrência indicaram 2 espécies constantes entre os trechos a montante e a jusante no período da cheia e para o período da seca, 5. No Rio Verde Paraíso no período da cheia, 9 espécies foram consideradas constantes entre a montante e a jusante e 22 no período da seca.
Abstract: With the objective to study the diversity of fishes in two affluents from River Teles Pires there were realized bimonthly expeditions between October of 2005 and December of 2006. For samples of the ichthyofauna from the affluents, there were encompassed 75 meters from each river with dragging net; gathering was done with puca and sieves. The applied effort of gathering with each methodological variant was of 40 minutes. In total, there were collected 3362 samples, from 5 orders, 26 families, 65 genders and 106 species. The order Characiformes was the most representative. The most present in numbers were the families Characidae and Cichlidae, in both rivers and periods analyzed. For the downstream of the river Taxidermista and of the river Verde Paraíso occurred more diversity in drought, decreasing in flood. The minor diversity found was in the drought period in transom of the river Taxidermista. For river Taxidermista, occurred a small similarity in all collecting period, among the two stretch, 0,1 in flood and 0,3 in drought. For the river Verde Paraíso, there was a greater similarity among the two stretches, as for the greater in the drought period (0,80) and the smallest in flood (0,72). For the Taxidermista the results of the calculations of the constant occurrence pointed two constant species between the stretches the transom and the downstream in seasons of flood and for the drought, 5. In the river Verde Paraíso in the flood season, 9 species were considered constant between the transom and downstream and 22 in the season of drought.
Doutor
Godoi, Divina Sueide de [UNESP]. "Diversidade e hábitos alimentares de peixes de riachos afluentes do rio Teles Pires, drenagem do rio Tapajós, Bacia Amazônica". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100207.
Testo completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com o objetivo de estudar a diversidade dos peixes de dois afluentes do rio Teles Pires, foram realizadas expedições bimestrais entre outubro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006. Para amostragem da ictiofauna dos afluentes, foram cercados 75m de cada trecho com rede de arrasto; a coleta foi feita através de redes de arrasto manuais, puçás e peneiras. O esforço de coleta aplicado a cada variante metodológica foi de 40 minutos. No total foram coletados 3362 exemplares, pertencentes a 5 ordens, 26 famílias, 65 gêneros e 106 espécies. A ordem Characiformes, foi a mais representativa. As famílias mais abundantes numericamente foram Characidae e Cichlidae, em ambos os rios e períodos analisados. Para a jusante do rio Taxidermista e do rio Verde Paraíso ocorreu maior diversidade na seca, decaindo na cheia. A menor diversidade encontrada foi no período da seca à montante do rio Taxidermista. Para o rio Taxidermista, ocorreu uma pequena similaridade em todo o período de coletas, entre os dois trechos, 0,1 na cheia e 0,3 na seca. Já para o rio Verde Paraíso, houve maior similaridade entre os dois trechos, sendo que a maior foi no período da seca (0,80) e a menor na cheia (0,72). Para o Taxidermista os resultados dos cálculos da constância de ocorrência indicaram 2 espécies constantes entre os trechos a montante e a jusante no período da cheia e para o período da seca, 5. No Rio Verde Paraíso no período da cheia, 9 espécies foram consideradas constantes entre a montante e a jusante e 22 no período da seca.
With the objective to study the diversity of fishes in two affluents from River Teles Pires there were realized bimonthly expeditions between October of 2005 and December of 2006. For samples of the ichthyofauna from the affluents, there were encompassed 75 meters from each river with dragging net; gathering was done with puca and sieves. The applied effort of gathering with each methodological variant was of 40 minutes. In total, there were collected 3362 samples, from 5 orders, 26 families, 65 genders and 106 species. The order Characiformes was the most representative. The most present in numbers were the families Characidae and Cichlidae, in both rivers and periods analyzed. For the downstream of the river Taxidermista and of the river Verde Paraíso occurred more diversity in drought, decreasing in flood. The minor diversity found was in the drought period in transom of the river Taxidermista. For river Taxidermista, occurred a small similarity in all collecting period, among the two stretch, 0,1 in flood and 0,3 in drought. For the river Verde Paraíso, there was a greater similarity among the two stretches, as for the greater in the drought period (0,80) and the smallest in flood (0,72). For the Taxidermista the results of the calculations of the constant occurrence pointed two constant species between the stretches the transom and the downstream in seasons of flood and for the drought, 5. In the river Verde Paraíso in the flood season, 9 species were considered constant between the transom and downstream and 22 in the season of drought.
Duggal, and Dinh Tung Rubecca and Giang. "Ownership Dispersion and Capital Structure in Family firms : A study of closed Swedish SMEs". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12801.
Testo completoDuggal, Rubecca, e Tung Giang Dinh. "Ownership Dispersion and Capital Structure in Family firms : A study of closed Swedish SMEs". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12801.
Testo completoMcCauley, Jason. "Route 33 flexible pavement instrumentation project strutural performance of a flexible pavement due to various bases". Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179256950.
Testo completoCôté, Luc. "Les idéologies dans l'Idéologie : une structure complexe dans la philosophie de Louis Althusser". Mémoire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/48/1/IdeologiesInIdeologie.pdf.
Testo completoVermeer, Louic Sebichniev. "NMR struture determination and MD simultations of membrane peptides and proteins : a peptide derived from H+-V-ATPase subunit alpha, and MscL". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/492/.
Testo completoThe structural properties of a peptide derived from the proton translocating H+-V-ATPase subunit a were studied. An NMR structure was obtained in SDS micelles. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the peptide formed a beta-sheet at high pH in octylglucoside, while it was 60% alpha-helical in SDS. These findings were explained using molecular dynamics simulations, which indicated that at high pH the peptide took a transmembrane position in SDS but was located in the interface region in octylglucoside. The combination of the NMR structure and the MD simulations allowed us to identify the residues that line the lumenal proton channel
Li, Siqian. "The atomic struture of inversion domains and grain boundaries in wurtzite semonconductors : an investigation by atomistic modelling and high resolution transmission electron microscopy". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC252/document.
Testo completoIn this work, we investigated two kinds of interfacial defects: inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) and grain boundaries (GB) in wurtzite semiconductors (III-nitrides, ZnO and ZnO/GaN heterostructure) using high-resolution TEM and first-principle calculations. For IDBs, theoretical calculation indicated that a head-to-head IDB with an interfacial stacking sequence of AaBbAa-AcCaA (H4) is the most stable structure in wurtzite compounds. Moreover, 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and 2-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) build up in head-to-head and tail-to-tail IDBs, respectively. Considering the IDB at the ZnO/GaN heterointerface, TEM observations unveiled the H4 configuration with a -Zn-O-Ga-N interface. Moreover the theoretical investigation also confirmed stability of this interface along with the corresponding formation of a 2DHG. A detailed topological, TEM and theoretical investigation of [0001] tilt Grain Boundaries (GBs) in wurtzite symmetry has also been carried out. In GaN, it is shown that the GBs are only made of separated a edge dislocations with 4, 5/7 and 8 atoms rings. For ZnO, a new structural unit: the [101 ̅0] edge dislocation made of connected 6-8-4-atom rings is reported for the first time, in agreement with an early theoretical report on dislocations and jogs in the wurtzite symmetry
Черненко, В. В. "Моделювання високоентропійних сплавів вогнетривких металів". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87414.
Testo completoTimÃteo, SÃsthenis de Lima. "Guidelines struture of water safety Plan for extreme events : droughts and floods. Case study company of the situation room omplementation of Management Water Resources of CearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13686.
Testo completoUm Plano de SeguranÃa de Ãgua para Eventos Extremos â PSAEE, tem como objetivo a descriÃÃo de procedimentos em situaÃÃes potencialmente criticas devido a ocorrÃncia de eventos climÃticos extremos (Secas e Cheias). Prevà o desenvolvendo de aÃÃes preventivas e plano de contingÃncia como forma de mitigar os efeitos destes fenÃmenos. Serà desenvolvido em etapas distintas e complementares, visando a antecipaÃÃo, reconhecimento e avaliaÃÃo de riscos, a identificaÃÃo e monitoramento de regiÃes vulnerÃveis, a implementaÃÃo de rede de alerta contra Cheias e Secas. O presente trabalho descreve diretrizes para estruturaÃÃo de um Plano de SeguranÃa de Ãgua para Eventos Extremos, Cheias e Secas, estruturado em 05 (cinco) etapas; 1. Etapas Preliminares, 2. DiagnÃstico do Sistema; 3. Monitoramento Operacional; 4. Planos de GestÃo e 5. ValidaÃÃo e VerificaÃÃo. Como estudo de caso, o trabalho analisou o processo de implantaÃÃo da Sala de SituaÃÃo da Companhia de GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do Cearà â COGERH, apresentando, tambÃm, sugestÃo de um Plano de Trabalho para a Sala de SituaÃÃo, a qual servirà de Centro de GestÃo de Eventos Extremos HidrolÃgicos para o Estado do CearÃ, Brasil.
Gualberto, Ana Cristina Ferrari. "Aplicação da ferramenta DSM - Design Structure Matrix ao planejamento do processo de projeto de edificações". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-04062013-143901/.
Testo completoThis study presents an analysis of application of DSM Design Structure Matrix to the planning process of building design. The main objective this study is the analysis of manuals Scope of Projects and Services for the Real State Industry in terms of planning the design process, using the DSM. For development of the study was first done a literature review, where we selected the ADEPT methodology to development planning this process. When we applied the first two stages of ADEPT methodology process definition and optimization of the process, which provided material for an analysis of the implementation of DSM planning in the design process and a critical analysis of the Manuals Scope of Projects and Services for Real State Industry. Compliance with the first two stages of ADEPT methodology provided material with information that allowed the observation of some inconsistencies and allowed the presentation of comments and suggestions for changes in content, as proposed improvements to the tool guide that they purport to be. Finally, from the validation of the DSM as a tool for development planning and design process based on the suggested changes to the manuals, we proposed a new model of the design process.
Delarue, Arnaud. "Prévision du comportement électromagnétique de matériaux composites à partir de leur mode d'élaboration et de leur morphologie". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003308.
Testo completoNery, Maria Clara Ramos. "A teodicéia da IURD, a mudança das representações e padrões comportamentais de seus crentes e/ou seus adeptos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/77819.
Testo completoThis work presents the interdependence relationship among the teodicéia of the Universal Church of Kingdon of God, your discursive practice, your comunicationals strategies, your paradoxes and coherences and the change of the representations and comportamentals patterns of your believers and/or of your followers. Thus we have the thematic of the religion and representation of the world, aiming at to demonstrate the complexity of the religions phenomenon in your double function: social and psychological. Then it in the context of the neopentecostalism, your outstanding structural lines related with the strtuctural lines of the Brazilian society. Analysis of Edir Macedo “Work the Man’s of God Profile”, demonstrat the present paradoxes among the textual and oral language, of the meetings of the referred Church. It is followed by the analysis of the Universal, as driving force of the change of the representations and comportamentals patterns, for the encounter of a struture of plausibility of the word, at the same time in which it aims to try clearing the discursive practice of the church, diretly related with individual minds and you group of regressive charater, that is, imediatistas, intolerant to the frustrations, ambivalent, in other words, not getting to translate the reality appropriately, for the ones which the speech of the “here and now” is adapted. Finally, the thematic is approached secularizacion, ambivalence aond reenchantement of the world, bring used as the practical head office the approaches and conceptions of Peter Berger and Zygmunt Bauman, demonstrating to be the Universal phenomenon of Kingdon of God and your entail with your believers and your followers the reflex of the secularizacion process that one find accompanied of the reenchantment of the world. It is on attempt of giving a new four of the Universal of Kingdon of God, without arresting for only one road, but to show and approach different from the existent options in the scope of the Sociology of the Religions.
Tarea, Sandrine. "Etude de la texture de suspensions de particules molles concentrées. Relations entre la struture, la rhéologie et la perception sensorielle : application aux purées de pommes et poires et mise au point de milieux modèles". Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003706.
Testo completoSá, Wallace Borges de. "Estudo da interação solo-muro em concreto convencional, com resíduo de construção e demolição (RCD) e alvenaria de pedra". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=27.
Testo completoOne of the main problems, in the Region Metropolitan of Recife (RMR), in the hillsides it is the disordered occupation, increasing the number of housings in risk areas. One of the solutions for the stabilization of the hillsides is the use of the construction of retained structure as support wall. The friction angle soil-wall is a basic parameter for the design of a support wall. Its value is used in the evaluation of the pushes active and passive in the analysis of stability of the wall. Practical the current one of projects in Brazil considers the value of the friction angle soil-wall as being equal to the angle of friction of the soil, a parcel of it or same zero to depend on the case. The values found in literature also indicate as estimative for this angle values that vary of zero to the angle of friction of the soil. Experimental values for Brazilian soils are not available in literature. Of this form the projects of support walls can be being designed against the security or of uneconomical form. In this context in the present dissertation tests of direct shear in specimens of composites of soil and another representative material of support walls had been carried through (conventional concrete, concrete with recycled aggregate of RCD and rock), with the objective to get the friction angle soil-wall. Two soils of the hillsides of Recife had been used (sandy and a other clayey one). The roughness of the surfaces in contact with soil had been evaluated, to analyze its influence in the interaction soil-wall. The gotten results are compared with values suggested in literature, having considered the influence of the soil and the roughness of the contact surface. The relation enters the friction angle soil-wall and the angle of friction of the ground (ä/ö) varies of 3/4 the 1, with the average roughness for the soil sandy of the Ibura and of 1/3 the 3/4 for the soil clayey of Nova Descoberta. In the soil sandy, the friction soil-wall has minor influence of the roughness of the faying surface and has value very next to the angle of internal friction of the soil. In the soil clayey the friction soil-wall strong is influenced by the roughness of the faying surface, and its value varies of 1/3 the 3/4 of the angle of friction of the soil
Wolf, Caroline. "Multi-scale modelling of structure and mass transfer relationships in nano- and micro-composites for food packaging". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20217/document.
Testo completoDespite the global growing interest in the food packaging field for the design of tailored composite structures with controlled mass transfer properties, the understanding of the modulation of the mass transfer properties with the incorporation of particles in polymer still remains very complex. In order to throw light on this scientific problem, the thesis work was focused on the following parts: - providing a better understanding of mass transfer in composites. In this purpose an analysis of all experimental gas and vapour permeability data available in the literature has been carried out in nano- and micro- composites and a comparison of these data with predictions from tortuosity models based on few geometrical inputs has been achieved; - performing a detailed study of water vapour mass transfer in composites (wheat straw fibres/bio-polyester). These data were compared with the prediction of bi-phasic analytical models coming from other disciplinary fields. This part of the work has highlighted the lack of comprehensive and complete models for the prediction of permeability in composite with permeable particles; - developing of an innovative multi-scale approach for the prediction of mass transfer in bi-phasic composites considering both the particle and the polymer matrix properties with realistic 2D geometry of the composite structures has been proposed. For the sake of reaching a satisfactory validation level of the model, some experimental improvements are still needed to increase the accuracy of input parameters such as diffusivity of the particles.This new modelling approach open the way for the creation of a reverse-engineering toolbox for the design of tailor made composites structures, tightly adjusted to barrier properties requirements of the packed food
Schippan, Frank. "Materialintegration von Halbleitern mit magnetischen Werkstoffen". Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962290386.
Testo completoLopes, Thais Pereira. "Caracterização estrutural do complexo de proteinas hipoteticas - XACb0032/XACb0033 da bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248422.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: A bactéria gram-negativa Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) é responsável pelo cancro cítrico, uma doença de grande importância econômica em todo o mundo. Seus mecanismos de virulência ainda são pouco conhecidos, mas acredita-se que o processo de translocação das proteínas de virulência para a célula da planta hospedeira seja realizado por meio dos sistemas de secreção, principalmente do tipo III e hipoteticamente do tipo IV, onde se destaca o papel das chaperones secretórias. O alvo do nosso estudo é uma proteína hipotética, a XACb0032, que em ensaios de duplo híbrido, apresentou interação com a também hipotética XACb0033 anteriormente indicada como possível chaperone do sistema secretório tipo IV (TTFS). Ambas as proteínas hipotéticas são codificadas pelo locus virB do plasmídeo pXAC64. Os estudos estruturais apresentados iniciaram-se com a clonagem em pET23a, seguidos de testes de expressão desta proteína utilizando cepas de Escherichia coli, BL21(DE3)pLysS e RP códon plus. A expressão da XACb0032 foi bem sucedida utilizando a cepa RP códon plus. Os problemas encontrados para purificar a insolúvel XACb0032 foram resolvidos utilizando a sua co-expressão com a XACb0033. Após dois passos de purificação, obtivemos o complexo das proteínas (XACb0032/XACb0033) puro e em quantidades satisfatórias para análises espectroscópicas. O complexo destas proteínas foi analisado por dicroismo circular (CD), emissão de fluorescência (estática e dinâmica), ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e espalhamento de raios-X a baixo ângulo (SAXS). Todos os dados obtidos indicaram que o complexo purificado exibe a estrutura enovelada e que após a adição de adenosina difosfato (ADP) ocorre uma mudança evidente na sua forma e no seu tamanho, indicando uma possível quebra do complexo XACb0032/XACb0033 após a liberação de ADP na célula. Portanto, podemos supor que o sistema de secreção do tipo IV deve funcionar da seguinte maneira: 1. Ligação da chaperone XACb0033 à XACb0032 mantendo-a em uma conformação semi-desenovelada; 2. Ligação do complexo ao ATP; 3. Reconhecimento do sistema ATP + complexo pelo TTFS, logo a ATPase cliva o ATP; 4. Formação do ADP e sua presença promove a dissociação da XACb0032 do complexo; 5. Possível secreção da proteína alvo, ou seja, a XACb0032 poderia passar através do canal de secreção até atingir a célula eucariótica
Abstract: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) is the causative agent of citrus canker, a disease of significant economic importance worldwide. The molecular bases of the virulence mechanism are still unknown, but is believed that transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm is mediated by protein secretion systems, mainly type III and hypotheticaly type IV. The target of our study was XACb0032. This protein, in two hibrid system, interacted with XACb0033, a protein previously annoted as a possible cytoplasmatic chaperone of type four secretion system (TFSS). Both proteins are hypothetic and encoded by virB locus on pXAC64 plasmid. Structural studies were initiated by pET23a cloning; followed by expression tests with Escherichia coli strands BL21(DE3)pLysS and RP. The XACb0032 RP-expression was successful, however, the protein was insoluble. This problem was solved with its co-expression with XACb0033. After two purification steps, the pure protein complex has been analysed by following spectroscopic methods: circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence emission (static and dinamic), nuclear magnetic ressonance (NMR) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Our results indicate that the complex shows a folded structure and that after ADP addition, a drastic change occured in the complex size and shape, that might indicate complex breaking upon ADP production in cell. Based on these observations, we can provide the following model for TFSS pathway concerning these proteins: 1. The chaperone (XACb0033) binds to the XACb0032 to keep it in a semiunfolded conformation; 2. This complex binds with ATP; 3. ATP bound to complex docks onto the TFSS apparatus and ATPase hydrolysis ATP; 4. ADP is formed and its presence provides that XACb0032 protein dissociates from complex; 5. The XACb0032 could be able to pass through the needle into the eukaryotic cell
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
Barastegui, Fernández David. "Análisis de la revascularización de injertos estructurales masivos de hueso criopreservado mediante periostio vascularizado en modelo de conejo". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457877.
Testo completoReconstruction of segmental bone defects after bone resection surgeries are one of the biggest problems orthopedic surgeons currently face. Among the reconstruction techniques available, structural reconstruction with allograft is one of the most used options, even with the high complication rates and sequelae. With the current rise in microsurgery field, combined reconstructive techniques using structural allografts and biological contributions such as vascularized autografts can be key elements in the reduction of complication rates and improve survival of the constructs. The current study has evaluated the combination of cryopreserved structural bone grafts and free vascularized periosteum grafts in large defects in a rabbit model with the hypothesis that the association of said construct enhances the consolidation and revascularization of the structural allograft. The study was performed in 39 healthy rabbits divided into two groups, performing a large defect in the radius of the animal’s superior extremity to subsequently perform a reconstruction with an isolated cryopreserved structural allograft in one group (control group) and a free vascularized periosteum graft in the experimental group (periosteum group). Controls were performed in both groups at 5, 10 and 20 weeks respectively and radiological, histological macroscopic and microscopic exams to assess the consolidation of the grafts and their potential revascularization. Results showed an increase in the organization of newly formed bone callus at the expense of endochondral ossification, as well as better maturation from the first subgroup at 5 weeks at macro and micro level. The same was observed for revascularization with an increased number of viable osteocytes in the experimental group and an osteocyte revitalization process in non definitive apoptosis and structured neovascularization at the allograft-host junction in the experimental group (associating vascularized periosteum) this phenomenon not being observed so clearly in the central part of the graft. This revascularization process was combined with a native bone resorption through the structural graft. In conclusion, the present study showed that the association of free vascularized periosteum with cryopreserved structural allograft accelerates consolidation at the junction showing better structuring and maturation of bone callus by endochondral bone formation (similar to the human species) and promoting bone revascularization in the allograft-host bone junction combined with phenomena of resorption and bone formation. Given these results, the reconstruction of large bone defects with combined techniques of cryopreserved structural bone grafts and free vascularized periosteum grafts should be considered in clinical practice due to the improved survival and complication rates of these constructs.
Pereira, Alexandre. "Desempenho internacional: uma proposta de mensuração". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3020.
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O desempenho internacional vem sendo bastante pesquisado no meio acadêmico nas últimas décadas, a partir do estudo realizado por Tookey, na década de 60. Apesar do grande volume de trabalhos publicados sobre o tema, as pesquisas sobre desempenho internacional caracterizam-se por uma falta de unicidade tanto conceitual quanto operacional. Dentre as lacunas verificadas nos estudos sobre desempenho internacional, pode-se mencionar a falta de unicidade conceitual e operacional, a concentração de estudos em países desenvolvidos, a pouca incidência de trabalhos com approach multicultural. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo mensurar desempenho internacional através de uma escala com distintas perspectivas. Para tanto, na pesquisa investigam-se os temas desempenho, desempenho internacional, dimensões de desempenho, indicadores e determinantes de desempenho, além de um conjunto de escalas de mensuração desenvolvidas previamente. A partir da análise destas escalas, tendo como base as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de contribuições quanto as lacunas apresentadas pelo tema, a escala EXPERF (ZOU et al., 1998) é selecionada. São então desenvolvidas alternativas sobre novos indicadores e determinantes para minimizar as incongruências citadas pela literatura. Como resultado deste desenvolvimento é então proposto e testado um modelo conceitual através de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com o auxilio do SPSS. Por meio de pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, realizou-se um levantamento com 178 empresas exportadoras brasileiras do setor calçadista. Como resultados gerais, o modelo proposto apresentou duas novas dimensões de mensuração de desempenho internacional, a dimensão relacional e a dimensão de marketing. Além disso, novos indicadores foram agregados as dimensões originais da escala EXPERF. Estas duas novas dimensões, agregadas as dimensões da escala EXPERF com novos indicadores, apresentaram validação estatística quando da aplicação do modelo proposto. Foi possível também verificar que o determinante interação, de acordo com proposição feita por Cadogan ET AL. (2005), assim como o comprometimento exportador e os modos de entrada no mercado externo, influenciam positivamente no desempenho internacional das empresas
Export performance has being deeply studied on last decades, starting with Tookey´s research in the sixties. Even with a huge number of researches published about export performance there is a lack conceptual and operational consensus over the studies. Most of discrepancies mentioned over recent studies are enlightening questions about absence of operational and conceptual agreements, concentration of studies in well developed countries, small frequency of studies in emerging economies and no incidence of studies with a multicultural approach. This study has as main goal measure export performance through a scale that allows new perspectives about this matter. So, considering this Idea, concepts of performance, export performance, export performance constructs, determinants and indicators of export performance are presented. Also, a group of scales published and used during last few years are presented and analyzed. Based on previous analyze, the EXPERF scale is selected to as a base to further developments in order to minimize some of discrepancies previously mentioned. As results of this study is proposed and tested a new scale to measure export performance scale. The scale was tested statistically through SPSS and AMOS software. A survey was applied in 178 export Brazilian shoe factories. So, the main results to be considered for this study are increase of two new constructs to measure export performance named relational performance and marketing performance. Also, new indicators were added into original constructs of EXPERF scale. Both proposals presented statistic validation when the scale was tested. It was possible also validate inter-functional interaction as a export performance determinant, as well as export commitment and entry mode strategies
Lv, Peng. "Performance aérodynamique et structurelle du rotor flexible pour micro-drones". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0058/document.
Testo completoThe wind tunnel tests were conducted to explore the performance difference caused by the potential twist deformation between baseline blades and flexible blades. The balance was built in SaBre wind tunnel for measuring the thrust and torque of blades. The BEMT predictions of blades with varied twist were also performed in hover and forward flight, respectively. In hover,flexible blades cannot help in improving the FM at light disk loading since the twist generated on flexible blades is probably beyond the ideal hover twist. In forward flight, the propulsive efficiency η of flexible blades is mostly higher than baseline blades due to the beneficial twist generated in rotation. A Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) approach of loads determination was developed based on control volume method to obtain thrust and torque of small-scale proprotor,especially for off-optimum conditions. The pressure Poisson equation was implemented for the pressure estimation based on the PIV velocity data. The axial velocity of flexible blades is found to be lower than baseline blades on the same station at downstream. This corresponds to the lower inflow ratio distribution along flexible blade, which results from the negative twist deformation. For both baseline blades and flexible blades, the thrust differences between PIV test 2 and balance are larger when compared to the differences between PIV test 1 based on nearfield and balance. The Laser Displacement Sensor (LDS) technique was employed for measuring the stationary deformation of rotating flexible blades. By obtaining the LDS point cloud, the bending and torsion of the rotating blade were identified using the multiple regressions
Dicko, Hamadou. "Phonon-polaritons/phonons dans les cristaux mixtes à base de ZnSe de structures zincblende et wurtzite : diffusion Raman en avant/arrière, schéma de percolation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0169/document.
Testo completoInelastic Raman scattering is implemented in the unusual (near-)forward scattering geometry (schematically operating in the ‘transmission mode’) to explore the nature and properties of the (polar) phonon-polariton modes of various ZnSe-based A1-xBxC mixed crystals. An overall insight is searched by selecting systems that relate to the same parent compound for the sake of consistency – namely ZnSe – but with different crystal structures, i.e. of the zincblende (cubic: Zn1-xBexSe, ZnSe1-xSx, ZnxCd1-xSe) and wurtzite (hexagonal: Zn1-xMgxSe) types. Most of all, altogether the retained systems span the full variety of behavior in the native (non polar) phonon regime of the phonon-polaritons, including the over-diversified [1×(A−B),2×(A−C)] and sub-diversified 1×(A−B,A−C) deviations with respect to the nominal [1×(A−B),1×(A−C)] type, also referred to as the multi-mode, 1-mixed-mode and 2-mode types, respectively, in the admitted classification of the conventional Raman spectra of mixed crystals taken in the backscattering geometry (schematically operating in the ‘reflection mode’). Fair contour modeling of the obtained phonon-polariton Raman spectra is achieved within the linear dielectric response theory based on ellipsometry measurements of the refractive index and with ab initio calculations in support done on prototypal impurity motifs in both dilute limits (x~0,1), as needed to secure the reduced set of input parameters that govern the native (non polar) phonon mode behavior of the used mixed crystals. The backward/near-forward Raman spectra are discussed within the scope of the so-called percolation model developed within our group for a renewed understanding of the optical vibration spectra of the mixed crystals. This model formalizes a view that the chemical bonds of a given species vibrate at different frequencies in a mixed crystal depending on their like or foreign environment at the very local (first- or second-neighbor) scale. This introduces a generic 1-bond→2-mode phonon behavior for a mixed crystal, presumably a universal one. The main results enunciate as follows. [...]
Bertolini, Martinna de Mendonça e. 1986. "Condições de crescimento influenciam as características estruturais e de virulência de biofilmes de Candida e Streptococcus formados sobre modelos in vitro de mucosa oral humana = Growth conditions influence at strutural and virulence characterístics of Candida and Streptococcus biofilms developed on in vitro models of human oral mucosa". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287968.
Testo completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O patógeno oportunista Candida albicans e Streptococcus do grupo Mitis formam comunidades complexas em múltiplos sítios da cavidade oral, nos quais o ambiente e a disponibilidade de nutrientes sofrem mudanças constantes. Objetivou-se estudar as características estruturais e de virulência de biofilmes de Candida albicans na presença e ausência de S. oralis crescendo sobre um modelo tri dimensional de mucosa oral humana, em diferentes condições: (1) umidade da superfície mucosa (molhada ou semi seca), (2) disponibilidade de nutrientes (suplementação do meio de cultura com BHI) e (3) morfotipo da hifa (hifa ou pseudo hifa). Para isso foram utilizados modelos tri dimensionais de mucosa oral humana formado por queratinócitos imortalizados (linhagens celulares OKF6-TERT2 ou SCC15) sobre uma matriz colágena com fibroblastos para o crescimento dos biofilmes. Estes foram infectados por Streptococcus oralis 34, e/ou Candida albicans, sendo uma cepa de referência e cepas mutantes para a formação de pseudo-hifas, pela deleção dos genes ndt80 ou tup1. A determinação do biovolume e estrutura do biofilme foram realizadas por microscopia confocal a laser, com os biofilmes sendo corados por imunofluorescência com anticorpo especifico para C. albicans e sonda para Streptococcus. Como determinante de virlência secções de tecido com 5 ?m de espessura foram coradas da mesma maneira anterior ou por hematoxilina e eosina, com o intuito de se detectar a invasão de microorganismos. O dano tecidual também foi mensurado pela liberação de lactato desicrogenase no meio de cultura. Os dados foram avaliados por análises de variâncias (ANOVA) e os procedimentos para comparações múltiplas pareadas por Bonferroni t-test, com ? = 5%. Em condições úmidas C. albicans estendeu hifas longas e entrelaçadas, formando um biofilme de superfície homogênea. Biofilmes mistos apresentaram uma estrutura estratificada, com S. oralis crescendo em contato com a mucosa e a C. albicans cobrindo a superfície bacteriana. Em condições de semi-secas a C. albicans formou densos focos de crescimento localizados a partir dos quais as hifas estenderam-se radialmente para se entrelaçarem com hifas de focos adjacentes. Em biofilmes mistos este fenômeno provocou o acúmulo focal de S. oralis co-localizado com os focos de C. albicans. Embora o biovolume do biofilme de C. albicans tenha sido significativamente maior em condições úmidas (P<0,001), houve uma invasão tecidual mínima em comparação com as condições semi-secas, na qual a barreira epitelial foi completamente destruída. A suplementação do meio de cultura, em condições semi-secas não alterou a arquitetura do biofilme, mas intensificaram o crescimento, o biovolume e a invasão/dano tecidual (P<0,001), proporcionalmente as concentrações testadas. Mutantes para a formação de pseudo-hifas formaram biofilmes defeituosos, nos quais a maioria dos S. oralis estava em contato com a superfície epitelial, abaixo das pseudo-hifas. A presença de S. oralis promoveu invasão e dano tecidual em todas as condições. Conclui-se que a umidade, a disponibilidade de nutrientes, o morfotipo da Candida e a presença de S. oralis afetam fortemente a arquitetura e virulência de biofilmes de C. albicans crescidos sobre nas mucosas
Abstract: The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans and streptococci of the Mitis group form complex communities in multiple oral sites, where the environment and nutrient availability change constantly. We aimed to study structural and virulence characteristics of Candida albicans biofilms in the presence or absence of S. oralis, growing on a three-dimensional model of human oral mucosa, under different conditions: (1) moisture of mucosal surface (wet or semi dry), (2) nutrient availability (BHI supplementation on culture media) and (3) hyphal morphotype (hyphae or pseudohyphae). For this it was used a three-dimensional model of the human oral mucosa formed by immortalized oral keratinocytes (OKF6-TERT2 or SCC15 cell lines) on a fibroblast-embedded collagenous matrix to grow biofilms. Infections were carried out using Streptococcus oralis 34, a C. albicans reference strain and pseudohyphal mutants with a homozygous deletion of the ndt80, or tup1 gene. Determination of biofilm biovolume and structure was done by confocal scanning laser microscopy with biofilms stained by immunofluorescence using an anti-Candida antibody and a Streptococcus probe. As determinant of virulence, 5-?m-thick tissue sections were stained same way or with hematoxylin and eosin in order to detect invasion of microorganisms. Also tissue damage was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release in the culture media. Statistical analyses were performed using SigmaPlot 12 software at 5% significance level. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and when statistical significances were found, all pairwise multiple comparison procedures were performed with Bonferroni t-test, with ? = 5%. Under wet conditions C. albicans extended long intertwined hyphae, forming a homogeneous surface biofilm. Mixed biofilms had a stratified structure, with S. oralis growing in close contact to the mucosa and C. albicans growing on the bacterial surface. Under semi-dry conditions, C. albicans formed localized foci of dense growth from which hyphae extended radially to intertwine with hyphae from adjacent foci. In mixed biofilms this promoted focal growth of S. oralis co-localizing with C. albicans. Although Candida biofilm biovolume was significantly greater under wet conditions (P<0.001), there was minimal tissue invasion compared to semidry conditions where the epithelial barrier was completely destroyed. Supplementing the infection medium with nutrients under semidry conditions did not change the biofilm architecture but intensified focal growth and increased biofilm biovolume and tissue invasion/damage (P<0.001), proportionally to the tested concentrations. Pseudohyphal mutants formed defective mixed biofilms, with most S. oralis in contact with the epithelial surface, below the pseudohyphal mass. Interestingly, the presence of S. oralis promoted fungal invasion and tissue damage under all conditions. Moisture, nutrient availability, hyphal morphotype and presence of S. oralis strongly affect architecture and virulence of mucosal fungal biofilms
Doutorado
Protese Dental
Doutora em Clínica Odontológica
Castro, Eduardo da Silva. "Avaliação de algoritmos numéricos aplicados ao controle ativo de vibrações mecânicas". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3534.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias nas áreas de materiais, equipamentos eletrônicos e computação, a concepção de projetos estruturais vem sendo alterada. Estruturas cada vez mais leves e esbeltas vêm sendo construídas, o que, em alguns casos, tem levado a problemas de vibrações excessivas. Como forma de solucionar tais problemas pode-se empregar técnicas de controle ativo. O controle ativo estrutural consiste basicamente em impor forças de controle à estrutura visando a redução das amplitudes de vibração. Normalmente utiliza-se atuadores como macacos hidráulicos para a imposição das forças de controle. Uma das ferramentas mais importantes usadas na concepção de um sistema de controle ativo são os algoritmos numéricos usados no cálculo das forças de controle. Em geral estes algoritmos são baseados na resposta monitorada da estrutura e a eficácia do sistema de controle está diretamente ligada à qualidade dos algoritmos empregados. Dentre os algoritmos usados no controle ativo estão aqueles decorrentes do controle ótimo, definido por um regulador quadrático para sistemas de comportamento linear. Nesse caso, para o cálculo das forças de controle é necessária a determinação da matriz de Riccati, obtida através de métodos tais como: o algoritmo de Potter, o método da retro-integração temporal, o algoritmo LQR e o algoritmo baseado no método de Newton- Raphson, proposto nesta dissertação de mestrado. Um dos grandes obstáculos para a aplicação do controle ótimo em estruturas reais é que, em geral, os algoritmos de controle demandam o monitoramento de todos os graus de liberade (GLs) da estrutura. Alternativamente, pode-se utilizar métodos para a estimativa das respostas dinâmicas dos GLs não monitorados tais como os algoritmos denominados observadores apresentados neste trabalho. Finalmente pode-se afirmar que os ruídos inerentes aos sinais dos GLs monitorados podem prejudicar a qualidade do controle ativo. Desta forma faz-se também neste trabalho a avaliação da aplicação do filtro Kalman-Bucy visando a redução das perturbações geradas pelos ruídos em sistemas de controle ativo. Em suma, faz-se nesse trabalho uma avaliação de algoritmos numéricos aplicados ao controle ativo de vibrações mecânicas onde três aspectos inerentes aos algoritmos de controle são abordados: 1) exatidão no cálculo da matriz de Riccati; 2) eficiência do uso de algoritmos com a metodologia dos observadores de estado para estimativa de GLs não monitorados; 3) eficiência do uso do filtro de Kalman-Bucy para a redução de perturbações do sistema de controle geradas por ruídos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o uso do algoritmo de Newton-Raphson, proposto neste trabalho, apresenta valores mais precisos para a determinação da Matriz de Riccati, levando a maiores reduções de vibrações com maiores magnitudes de forças de controle. Nota-se também que a técnica dos observadores de estado e do filtro de Kalman-Bucy se mostram eficientes nos sistemas de controle analisados.
With the development of new technologies in materials, electronics and computing, the conception of structural projects has been changed. Structures are getting lighter and slender, which in some cases, leads to vibration problems. Those problems can be solved with techniques of active control. The structural active control consists basically on imposing control forces on a structure aiming to reduce the amplitude of vibration. Usually hydraulic actuators are used for the imposition of control forces. One of the most important tool used in an active control system conception are numerical algorithms employed in the calculation of controlling forces. In general these algorithms are based on the response sensors of the structure and the efficiency of the control system is directly related to the quality of the employed algorithms. Among the algorithms used in active control are those arising from optimal control, wich are defined by a quadratic regulator for linear system. In this case, for the calculation of controlling forces is necessary to determine Riccati matrix, which may be obtained by means of Potter’s algorithm, the method of backward integration in time, the LQR algorithm and the algorithm based on Newton-Raphson method, proposed in this dissertation. One of the greatest obstacles for the application of optimal control in real structures is the need for control algorithms, in general, to request a monitoring of all degrees of freedom (DFs) of the structure. Alternatively, one way use methods for estimating the dynamic response of non-sensored DFs. This work presents the analysis of algorithms called state observers used in active control of structures. Finally it can be affirmed that the noise inherent to the DFs signs monitored may harm the quality of the active control. Thus it is also evaluated the implementation of Kalman-Bucy filter in order to reduce the disturbances generated by the noise in control system with state observers. In short, this work is an evaluation of numerical algorithms applied to active control of vibration and the aspects related to control algorithm are: 1) accuracy in the calculation of the Riccati matrix; 2) efficiency in the use of algorithms with the methodology of state observers to estimate unmonitored DFs, 3) influence of noise on the efficiency of active control of structures with state observers. The presented results support the conclusion that the proposed Newton-Raphson algorithm provides more precise values for the Riccati Matrix determination, leading to a better performance of control system. It was also noticed that the techniques of state observers and Kalman-Bucy filter had also good performance for the studied models.
Silva, Gilson Olegario da. "SOBRE ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS E PARADIGMAS: AS RELEITURAS RECENTES DE CARNAP E KUHN". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9122.
Testo completoe recent literature in philosophy of science has been reassessing the positivist legacy. One of the items on the agenda is the alleged opposition between the theses put forth by positivists such as Carnap and the so-called post-positivists , such as Kuhn. Although the laer came to be viewed as a critic of several important positivist theses, more recent authors such as Friedman, Reisch, Earman, Irzik and Grünberg, maintain that several of the most characteristic theses of the Kuhnian view of science were already present in Carnap s philosophy. Against this kind of reading, authors such as Oliveira and Psillos argue that within Carnap s philosophy there is no place for Kuhnian theses like incommensurability, holism or the theoryladenness of observations. e first article of this dissertation presents the reasons for each of those readings and assesses them having in view the perspectives from which they are offered. It argues that it is possible to show that some aspects of Kuhn s thesis have a counterpart in the works of Carnap, although those theses vary in importance for Carnap and Kuhn. e second article presents aspects that can be seen as antagonistic in the two views, namely, the conceptions that relate to that distinction made famous by Reichenbach between contexts of discovery and justification.
A literatura recente em filosofia da ciência vêm reavaliando o legado positivista. Um dos itens dessa reavaliação é a suposta oposição entre as teses defendidas por positivistas como Carnap e os chamados pós-positivistas , como Kuhn. Embora este último tenha sido percebido como um crítico de diversas teses positivistas importantes, autores mais recentes como Friedman, Reisch, Earman, Irzik e Grünberg, sustentam que várias das teses mais características da concepção kuhniana da ciência já estariam presentes na filosofia positivista. Contra esse tipo de leitura, autores como Oliveira e Psillos argumentam que não há na filosofia de Carnap e outros positivistas lugar para teses como a da incomensurabilidade, do holismo ou da impregnação teórica das observações, características das concepções kuhnianas. O primeiro artigo desta dissertação apresenta as razões para cada uma dessas leituras e avalia cada uma tendo em vista a perspectiva a partir da qual elas são oferecidas. Defende que é possível mostrar que algumas teses kuhnianas têm uma contraparte já nos trabalhos de Carnap, muito embora tais teses ocupem posições e importâncias diferenciadas em Carnap e Kuhn. O segundo artigo apresenta aspectos que podem ser vistos como antagônicos nas filosofias de ambos, a saber, as concepções que dizem respeito àquela distinção feita famosa por Reichenbach entre contextos de descoberta e justificação.
Cildoz, Mariana Uzeda. "Estudo comparativo de controladores de estrutura variável por modos deslizantes aplicados a veículos subaquáticos autônomos". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1078.
Testo completoThis work presents a comparative study between four different sliding mode variable structure control strategies (SMVSC) applied to autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) positioning in 6 DOF, under the influence of wind, waves and marine currents. The addressed strategies are the conventional CEV-MD control based on Lyapunov stability, the CEV-MD control based on the equivalent control, the CEV-MD control based on the input-output stability and the CEVMD adaptive control. The accomplished comparisons seek a satisfactory tradeoff between the tracking performance and the closed-loop system stability in light of eliminating the chattering phenomenon. In that sense, the analysis and synthesis of the respective SMVSC control laws is carried out fromthe Lyapunov Stability Theory and the Barbalat s Lemma. As well as numerical simulations are implemented to obtaining the respective performances of each SMVSC control strategy presented.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre quatro diferentes estratégias de controle de estrutura variável por modos deslizantes (CEV-MD) aplicadas ao posicionamento de veículos subaquáticos autônomos (VSA) em 6 GDL, sob a influência de ventos, ondas e correntes marinhas. As estratégias abordadas são o controle CEV-MD convencional baseado na estabilidade de Lyapunov, o controle CEV-MD baseado no controle equivalente, o controle CEV-MD baseado na estabilidade entrada-saída e o controle CEV-MD adaptativo. As comparações realizadas visam a eliminação do do fenômeno do chattering buscando um compromisso satisfatório entre o desempenho de rastreamento e a estabilidade do sistema em laço fechado. Nesse sentido, a análise e síntese das respectivas leis de controle CEV-MD é realizada a partir da Teoria de Estabilidade de Lyapunov e do Lema de Barbalat. Assim como simulações numéricas são implementadas para a obtenção dos respectivos desempenhos de cada estratégia de controle CEV-MD apresentada.
Su, Hung-Chaun, e 蘇鴻詮. "RESEARCH ON THE FABRICATION OF ABNORMAL SUB-MICRON PYRAMIDAL ARRAY STRUTURES". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60038189050453015105.
Testo completo國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班半導體材料與製程設備組
98
This paper is aimed to study the incremental changes of cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures including manufacturing methods and imaging principles. The optical films, manufactured by using incremental changes of cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures, will produce a double effects to light sources: diffusion and focus, and can be widely used in liquid crystal displays since they can effectively enhance optical efficiency. The experimental steps to manufacture incremental changes of cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures are as follows: first, a silicon wafer, after prebaking to remove water, is coated with photoresist ; then, it will be soft-baked on a heat pad, and followed by progressive photoresist exposures in the step machine; then it will be hard-baked on a heat pad, and followed by photoresist development to complete manufacturing incremental changes of cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures. This study first proposes the exposure method to manufacture incremental changes of cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures. By adjusting the focus changes and changes in exposure dose, you can make any adjustments to the different styles of cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures. So the cone-shaped columnar arrays of submicro structures can be completed by taking advantage of this feature.
Duarte, Henrique Manuel Sousa. "The material non linear analysis of 2D strutures using a radial point interpolation method". Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84114.
Testo completoDuarte, Henrique Manuel Sousa. "The material non linear analysis of 2D strutures using a radial point interpolation method". Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84114.
Testo completoCHIN-MING, LEE, e 李俊明. "Studies in the strutures of the Corporate Organizations'' Powers According to China''s Company Law". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77503295513936145260.
Testo completoNeto, João Carlos Portugal. "Otimização de estruturas porticadas de madeira lamelada colada com ligações semirrígidas". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92272.
Testo completoTimber is natural and recyclable, presents a high strength-to-weight ratio, requires less energy at production than other traditional structural materials and allows a high level of prefabrication. The development of engineered wood products, such as, glulam contributed to an increasing utilization of timber solutions in different types of structures. In the design of timber structures, a special attention must be paid to the connections. The semi-rigid behaviour of moment-resisting connections leads to an interaction between the stiffness of the connection and the design of the structural members.Despite structural optimization is not commonly used in Civil Engineering design practice, the use of optimisation techniques in the design of timber structures constitutes an effective way to obtain economical, structurally efficient and sustainable solutions. Therefore, an integrated analysis and optimization numerical model was developed as a tool to assist in the design of glue laminated timber frames with semi-rigid connections. The optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of a single objective function (cost of the structure) subjected to a set of constraints related to strength and service criteria defined according to Eurocode 5 provisions. The design variables are the cross-sectional sizes of main structural members (beams and columns) and secondary structural members (purlins and bracing members), stiffness of beam-column connection and number of building’s frames. The structural analysis considers the relevant actions and effects (linear and nonlinear). The use of a genetic algorithm allows solving the optimization problem considering discrete design variables.The features and capabilities of the developed algorithm are illustrated by numerical examples concerning the optimisation of real-sized timber frames.
A madeira é um material natural e reciclável, apresenta uma elevada relação resistência-peso, requer menor energia na produção do que outros materiais estruturais tradicionais e permite um elevado nível de pré-fabricação. O desenvolvimento de produtos derivados da madeira como o glulam tem contribuído para a crescente utilização de soluções em madeira para diferentes tipos de estruturas. No projeto de estruturas de madeira deve prestar-se especial atenção ao comportamento das ligações. O comportamento semirrígido das ligações resistentes a momentos origina uma dependência entre a rigidez da ligação e o dimensionamento dos elementos estruturais.Apesar de a otimização estrutural não ser habitualmente utilizada na prática da Engenharia Civil, o uso de técnicas de otimização no projeto de estruturas de madeira constitui uma forma eficaz de obter soluções económicas, estruturalmente eficientes e sustentáveis. Deste modo, desenvolveu-se um modelo numérico integrado de análise e otimização como ferramenta de apoio ao projeto de estruturas porticadas de madeira lamelada colada considerando o comportamento semirrígido das ligações viga-pilar. O problema de otimização é formulado como a minimização de uma função objetivo (custo da estrutura) sujeita a um conjunto de restrições de modo a verificar critérios de resistência e utilização definidos de acordo com as disposições do Eurocódigo 5. As variáveis de decisão consideradas são as dimensões das secções transversais dos elementos estruturais principais (vigas e pilares) e secundários (madres e elementos de contraventamento), a rigidez das ligações viga-pilar e o número de pórticos do edifício. Na análise estrutural consideram-se os efeitos (lineares e não lineares) e ações relevantes. O recurso a um algoritmo genético permite resolver o problema de otimização considerando variáveis de decisão discretas. As características e capacidades do modelo numérico desenvolvido são ilustradas através da resolução de exemplos de aplicação relativos à otimização de pórticos de madeira de dimensões reais.
Fernandes, Francisco Manuel Carvalho Pinto. "Evaluation of two novel NDT techniques: microdrilling of clay bricks and ground penetrating radar in masonry". Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/6034.
Testo completoO trabalho apresentado nesta tese foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade do Minho e no Departamento de Engenharia Estrutural do Politécnico de Milão, Itália. A prática moderna na conservação de edifícios históricos é uma tarefa complexa que requer um diagnóstico profundo e cuidadoso. A investigação preliminar é essencial afim de intervir correctamente e com sucesso. Os objectivos dessa investigação são recolher de informação apropriada sobre o edifício ou a estrutura, e avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais, sendo esta última uma tarefa difícil devido à complexidade de materiais e alvenarias antigos. É imprescindível conhecer o estado de conservação da estrutura, a extensão dos danos, a ocorrência de humidades, a geometria e características escondidas tais como vazios, fendas e destacamentos. Com o intuito de aumentar o conhecimento sobre materiais de construção antigos, foi efectuada a caracterização de tijolos cerâmicos provenientes de seis mosteiros Portugueses do século XII a XIX. Os resultados mostraram uma grande dispersão, evidenciando as seguintes características: porosidade e sucção elevadas e resistência à compressão baixa. A composição química indica que estes tijolos não foram fabricados com o mesmo tipo de matéria-prima que os artefactos antigos de cerâmica. As restrições à remoção de material para efeitos de amostragem ou para a realização de testes destrutivos são muito elevadas. Assim, nas últimas décadas, o uso de técnicas não destrutivas para investigação e diagnóstico de edifícios históricos aumentou de maneira significativa. No entanto, a avaliação da resistência à compressão e doutras propriedades mecânicas dos materiais antigos utilizando técnicas não destrutivas permanece um desafio. Uma metodologia semi-destrutiva recente baseada na microperfuração é apresentada neste trabalho para a caracterização de tijolos cerâmicos dos séculos XII a XIX. Os resultados mostram que é possível estimar de maneira fiável a resistência à compressão dos tijolos através de curvas de regressão usando a técnica de microperfuração adoptada neste trabalho. A substituição de materiais de construção antigos é um tema relevante para o património arquitectónico. Os materiais modernos são geralmente incompatíveis, exibindo uma resistência e um módulo de elasticidade muito mais elevados. Assim, este trabalho também inclui o estudo de tijolos fabrico tradicional, e que se destinam à substituição de tijolos antigos. Este estudo mostra que os tijolos modernos são mais duráveis mas evidenciam uma resistência à compressão semelhante. Além disso, as correlações propostas anteriormente para a resistência à compressão permanecem válidas para os tijolos modernos de fabrico tradicional. Estava prevista a construção de réplicas de paredes de alvenaria antigas com recurso aos tijolos modernos de fabrico tradicional e argamassa de cal de baixa resistência, com vazios e outras inclusões colocados no seu interior. Essas paredes seriam testadas utilizando outra técnica não destrutiva, que não se encontra facilmente disponível em Portugal. O Radar de Prospecção Geotécnica é uma técnica de investigação não destrutiva que permite detectar alterações de materiais através das suas propriedades dieléctricas. O Radar de Prospecção Geotécnica foi empregue na determinação da geometria e na detecção de características escondidas em elementos de alvenaria tais como vazios, fendas e destacamentos. A determinação dessas características é essencial devido ao elevado grau de heterogeneidade das estruturas antigas e às implicações destas no desempenho estrutural dos edifícios. Assim, através duma série de exemplos em provetes laboratoriais e in situ, o Radar de Prospecção Geotécnica foi usado para ajudar na detecção de características geométricas e para encontrar elementos metálicos e vazios em alvenaria histórica. Os ensaios em provetes laboratoriais incluem duas paredes de três panos em alvenaria de pedra para avalização geométrica dos panos exteriores, detecção de vazios e elementos de madeira, e uma terceira parede de alvenaria mais complexa, construída com um número significativo de deficiências, diferentes materiais (tijolo e pedra) e elementos com diferente geometria, simulando situações comuns em edifícios históricos. Os ensaios in situ, foram efectuados em diversos monumentos antigos localizados em vários países Europeus para avaliar o desempenho da técnica numa série de aplicações distintas. A medição no modo de reflexão (2D) com o Radar de Prospecção Geotécnica foi efectuada em todos os casos e produziu resultados satisfatórios relativamente à avaliação das características geométricas dos painéis de alvenaria assim como na localização de outras características (vazios, fendas, destacamentos) e objectos (elementos em madeira e metálicos) que se encontram frequentemente em elementos estruturais alvenaria. Técnicas de aquisição mais precisas e rotinas de processamento de sinais mais avançadas foram utilizadas quando é necessário um posicionamento mais preciso e para a avaliação das dimensões de prováveis objectos. Aquisições para a obtenção de volumes 3D foram efectuadas, permitindo obter o posicionamento tridimensional de vazios cilíndricos, de barras de aço e dum balaústre de betão. No entanto, esta técnica não reproduziu com suficiente precisão as dimensões dos objectos devido, essencialmente, à resolução da antena quando comparado com as dimensões do respectivo objecto. Para detectar camadas de pequena espessura na alvenaria, de difícil detecção através de perfis 2D em reflexão, foram efectuadas medições em modo de transmissão. A partir dos resultados dos tomogramas foi possível distinguir o material deteriorado do material são. Devido à grande quantidade de dados necessária, ao tempo dispendido durante a aquisição no local e aos recursos informáticos elevados para aplicar os algoritmos de reconstrução 3D e tomografia, essas técnicas apenas podem ser aplicadas localmente, caso as aquisições normais em modo de reflexão não permitam obter a informação necessária.
The work presented in this thesis has been developed at the Department of Civil Engineering of University of Minho, Portugal, and at the Department of Structural Engineering of Polytechnic of Milan, Italy. Modern practice in conservation of historical buildings is a complex task that requires a deep and careful diagnosis. Preliminary investigation is essential in order to intervene correctly and successfully. The objectives of such investigation are to gather adequate information about the building or structure, and to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials, being the latter a difficult task due to the complexity of old materials and historic fabrics. Necessary information is the state of conservation, the extent of damages, the presence of moisture, the geometry and hidden features such as voids, cracks and detachments. In order to increase the knowledge about ancient building materials, characterization of clay brick from historic monuments in Portugal was performed in bricks from the 12th to 19th century, collected from six monasteries. The results showed a large scatter, and the main characteristics are high porosity, high suction and low compressive strength. Chemical composition indicates that bricks are not prepared with the same raw materials as old clay artefacts. The restrictions to remove material for mechanical sampling or to carry out destructive tests are very large. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of non-destructive testing techniques for investigation and diagnosis of historical buildings has increased significantly. However, the evaluation of the compressive strength and other mechanical properties of historic materials using such techniques remains a challenge. A recent minor-destructive methodology based on microdrilling is used in this research work for the characterization of clay bricks from the 12th to 19th century. The results show that it is possible to reliably estimate the compressive strength of bricks by means of regression curves using the adopted microdrilling technique. The replacement of old material is a matter of concern in every intervention in architectural heritage. Modern materials are usually incompatible, as they present much higher strength and elastic modulus. Thus, this work addresses also the study of traditional handmade clay bricks as replacing bricks. The study shows that new bricks are more durable but exhibit comparable compressive strength. Moreover, the proposed correlations for compressive strength of ancient bricks remain valid for new traditional handmade clay bricks. Originally, it was planned to use new handmade bricks and weak lime mortars to build replicas of ancient masonry walls, with voids and other inclusions. These would be tested using another technique, which is fully non-destructive and not easily available in Portugal. Ground Penetrating Radar is a non-destructive technique that allows the detection of material changes through changes in dielectric properties. Ground Penetrating Radar was used to determine the geometry and to map hidden features of masonry such as voids, cracks and detachments. The detection of these properties is of high relevance due to the high heterogeneity of old structures, which has implications in the structural performance of buildings. Thus, through a series of examples in laboratory specimens and in situ, the Ground Penetrating Radar was used to help in the detection of geometrical characteristics and to find metallic elements and voids in masonry. The tests in laboratory specimens included two three-leaf stone masonry walls for the geometrical assessment of the exterior panels, the detection of voids and embedded wood beams, and a third complex stone/masonry wall built with a significant amount of deficiencies, construction materials and elements with different geometry, simulating typical situations on historical buildings. The experiments in situ were performed in several masonry monuments from different European countries to assess the performance of the technique for a number of applications. Radar measurements in reflection mode (2D) were carried out in every case and produced satisfactory results regarding geometry assessment of masonry leaves and in the location of features (air voids, cracks, detachments) and objects (wood beams, steel objects) that are often found in masonry structural elements. More precise acquisition techniques and advanced signal processing routines were used when more accurate positioning was needed and for the assessment of the dimensions of possible objects. Acquisitions for the construction of advanced 3D volumes were performed and allowed to obtain the three-dimensional position of cylindrical voids, steel bars and concrete baluster. However, the technique failed to reproduce adequately the dimensions of the objects due, essentially, to the resolution of the antenna when compared to the dimensions of the targets. Transmission measurements were performed to detect thin layers of masonry. The resultant tomograms identify damaged and undamaged material. Due to the significant amount of data that is necessary, the time for accurate field acquisition and the large computer resources to run 3D reconstruction and inversion algorithms, these techniques can only be applied locally, if typical 2D radargrams do fail to provide the necessary information.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
Hwa, Fan Pei, e 范培華. "The atomic struture of nanotubes". Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42529301295148028507.
Testo completoSousa, Inês Rocha de. "Muxarabis, rótulas, gelosias: o caso de Alfama e Mouraria. Piscinas do Cais da Santinha". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17692.
Testo completoThe “muxarabis”, “rótulas” and “gelosias” are wooden structures on the facades that combine their aesthetics with functionality, providing the control of lighting and ventilation of an interior compartment, which relates to the expression of the architecture. Although they are considered structures of an Arab culture, with the expansion of Islam and consequently the dominion of the Muslim in Iberian Peninsula, “muxarabis”, “rótulas” and “gelosias” spread throughout portuguese territory, namely in Alfama and Mouraria. These neighborhoods are the oldest areas of the city of Lisbon, with an urban network similar to the cities of North Africa, formed by streets, alleys and dead ends, with opposing facades very close and without privacy. It is proposed an approach that puts in confrontation the photographs of the Lisbon Municipal Archives, which present the wooden structures in Alfama and Mouraria with current photographs, resgisted out by the author under the same point of view. The analysis is based on representations of ephemeral architecture in video documentaries and the dissemination of this particular characteristic of the neighborhoods in postcards, magazines and engravings. The “muxarabis”, “rótulas” and “gelosias” seem, in the first instance, to be historical structures; however, through their study, it was verified that they appeared in the Estado Novo period, becoming a visual vice, an image that is formed by an issue of interest. On the other hand, these neighborhoods nowadays show big tourist promotion. This conjuncture, provided a systematic application of the elements in a disregarded way, through structures that maintain the former, designed in PVC, and with modern mechanisms.