Tesi sul tema "Structures métalliques"
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Bachelier, Guillaume. "Propriétés optiques de nano-structures métalliques et semi-conductrices". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008229.
Testo completoJabbado, Mohamad. "Fatigue polycyclique des structures métalliques : durée de vie sous chargements variables". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002116.
Testo completoPankau, Rafal. "Conception optimale des portiques avec la prise en compte des problèmes de stabilité". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10022/document.
Testo completoThe use of portal frames in building engineering is very common. Engineers, during the design process, aim to reduce the cost of the structure and, consequently, the whole investment. The complexity of the problem and lack of proper tools assisting the optimisation process, hamper the effective use of material. In the thesis, the genetic algorithms were used to solve the problem of optimization of steel portal frames. In the first part of dissertation, the problems of steel portal frames design were analysed and design assumptions were done. European and Polish codes for steel structures design andstandards for loads got acquainted. Procedures for section and element dimensioning were built taking into account all essential applied to real structures. Next, a version of the genetic algorithm adapted for the optimization of frame structureswas presented. A complete computer program containing modules of static analysis, stability analysis, dimensioning and optimization has been created. The developed software was applied to the problem of optimization of steel portalframes. The solutions were calculated according to European standards, and afterwards Polish standards. The optimization of 96 frame examples of different geometry and loading was carried out. The analysis of solutions enabled us to formulate conclusion and recommendations concerning optimal design of portal frames. The obtained results can be useful in real design problems
Le, Crom Levasseur Bénédicte. "Evaluation ultrasonore des réparations de structures métalliques par collage de patchs composites". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497651.
Testo completoMARINHO, IVY JEANN PINTO. "LE PROJET OPTIMUM DE STRUCTURES MÉTALLIQUES DE GRADINS A RÉUTILISABLES PAR ANSYS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5111@1.
Testo completoLes structures métalliques qui sont utilisés en gradins réutilisables ou temporaires pour les grands événements publics sont composés par barres et connecteurs. Le haut niveau de charges dynamiques que ces structures sont sujets et as caractéristique d être réutilisables, la rend différent des autres structures de l ingénieur civil. Alors, elles doivent être donné évitant l effect de résonance dynamique. Cet-à-dire, lorsque nous optimisons ces structures, nous devrions considérer la restriction relative aux fréquences naturelles qui devraient être dehors de la bande des fréquences sollicitant. En plus, c est nécessaire qu elle réponde convenablement aux charges statiques. Alors, quelconque amélioration en son suppléant statique et dynamique apportera des avantages directs au projet. L idée de ce travail est proposer l optimisation du projet statique et dynamique de gradins réutilisabless en utilisant modélisation et analyse numérique de structures par la méthode des éléments finis (ANSYS 5.4/5.5-APDL) et optimisation par la méthode de programmation mathématique. Le projet optimum des éléments de la structure, sujet à charge statique, est basé sur les suivant paramètres : Poids et tension. En plus, il faut vérifier le niveau de sécurité contre la ruine lorsqu elles sont sujet à charges dynamiques intenses, en proposant des critères pour la correcte disposition du fortifier, en observant les variations dans les fréquences naturelles et façons de vibration. L optimisation de ces structures des beaucoup d applications apportera d avntage immédiat à la population.
Estruturas metálicas de arquibancadas reutilizáveis ou temporárias são utilizadas em grandes eventos públicos, sendo compostas por barras e conectores, com montagem realizada in loco. O elevado nível de cargas rítmicas aplicadas a tais estruturas e sua característica de múltipla reutilização, a difere de estruturas comuns da Engenharia Civil, exigindo que elas sejam projetadas de modo a evitar o efeito de ressonância dinâmica. Isso significa que, ao otimizar tais estruturas, deve-se considerar a restrição relativa às freqüências naturais que devem estar fora da faixa das freqüências solicitantes. Além disso, é necessário que a estrutura responda adequadamente às cargas estáticas. Disto resulta que eventuais melhorias no seu desempenho estático e dinâmico trarão benefícios diretos ao projeto. A idéia deste trabalho é propor a otimização do projeto estático e dinâmico de arquibancadas reutilizáveis, utilizando-se modelagem e análise numérica de estruturas reais pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos (ANSYS 5.4/5.5 - APDL), e otimização por método de programação matemática. Pretende-se atingir o dimensionamento ótimo dos elementos componentes da estrutura, sob carga estática, baseado nos parâmetros peso e tensão, além de verificar o nível de segurança contra colapso quando sujeitas a solicitações rítmicas intensas, propondo critérios para a correta disposição do contraventamento, observando as variações nas freqüências naturais e modos de vibração. A otimização dessas estruturas de grande aplicação comercial trará benefício imediato à população.
Leclere, Guillaume. "Simulation numérique de la rupture dynamique de structures métalliques à l'échelle macroscopique". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2118.
Testo completoDe, Luca Anthony. "Redistribution atomique de contaminants métalliques aux interfaces des structures des technologies CMOS". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4302/document.
Testo completoDuring this thesis work, we studied the atomic redistribution of metallic contaminantsin silicon and near a SiO2/Si interface. To conduct this study, we used three complementary characterisation techniques : transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic probe tomography (APT) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).We first studied the diffusion and equilibrium segregation of various contaminants at a SiO2/Si interface, and more particularly, the diffusion of W and Mo. W exhibits a very slow diffusion kinetic.Physico-chemical characterizations performed by TEM and APT allowed discussing the concentrationprofiles obtained by SIMS leading to the diffusion model that we proposed. The study of Mo diffusionrevealed that this specy exhibits a low solubility limit in silicon and strongly interacts with irradiation-induced defects, leading to its precipitation.In a second phase, we studied the effect of a mobile interface, during a reaction, on the atomic redistribution of contaminants near this interface. We performed a comparative study of the behaviourof Fe and W during oxidation processes. W precipitates in the silicon substrate and is progressivelyrejected (snowplow) by the oxidation. Fe preferentially precipitates at the SiO2/Si interface. Theseprecipitates mask a part of the silicon substrate and thus hinder its oxidation, leading to the formation of characteristics pyramidal-shaped defects at the interface. Low temperature nickel germano-silicide formation have also been investigated. This reaction leads to the 3D snowplow of germanium atoms at the NiSiGe/SiGe interface
Le, Crom Bénédicte. "Evaluation ultrasonore des réparations de structures métalliques par collage de patchs composites". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14024/document.
Testo completoRepairing of metallic structures using composite patches bonded with an adhesive layer is more and more common in the aeronautic field, and particularly at DGA Techniques Aéronautiques. In order to guarantee the quality of this bond, the sensitivity of ultrasonic guided waves is investigated. Shear-horizontally polarized (SH) waves, and Lamb waves are investigated to infer the stiffness of the adhesive layer. The SAFE method is used to predict the dispersion curves and mode shapes of the different wave modes propagating along the three-layer assembly. Numerical simulations are run for selecting the most appropriate wave modes, i.e. with higher sensitivity to the stiffness of the bond than to other components properties. Experiments are also made for generating-detecting pre-selected SH or Lamb wave modes in order to confirm the numerical predictions. Finally the resolution of an inverse problem, consisting in the evaluation of the stiffness modulus of the bond layer between an aluminium plate and a carbon-epoxy composite patch, at different curing time, is proposed as a contribution to the establishment of possible strategies for bonds testing. This work was supported by DGA, France
Nguyen, Manh-Hung. "Évaluation des performances de protections passives au feu pour les structures métalliques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0046.
Testo completoSteel-timber hybrid structures are becoming more and more common in the construction industry. They offer high practical advantages as sustainable solutions with high load-bearing capacities and fire resistance. However, due to steel thermal conductivity and the decrease of mechanical performance with high temperatures, steel structures need to be protected in case of fire. Wood is occasionally used as passive protection of steel to maintain its mechanical strength as long as possible with the aim to prevent structural collapse under fire. This thesis aims to analyse the thermal behaviour of hybrid steel-timber elements through experimental tests and numerical modelling. Experiments in the furnace are performed to obtain the evolution of temperature on the steel profile surfaces and inside the timber element. Thus, thermocouples are installed on the steel profile surface and different depths of timber elements. The fire tests were performed on various steel-timber combinations using T and I steel cross-sections with various wood species. A high-temperature furnace up to 1200 °C built in the laboratory was used. The results show that wood provides significant protection to the steel cross-section mainly the fully encapsulated IPE profile. Wood behaves as an insulating material that significantly reduces the temperature rise in steel. This solution contributes to the development of passive protection of steel structures using bio-based materials. The experimental results are compared to those obtained through thermal simulations using Abaqus software. The comparison shows that the numerical model can be used to evaluate the temperature increase in the steel element protected by timber in high-temperature conditions
Rahem, Ahmed. "Analyse non linéaire en grandes rotations et grands déplacements des structures minces métalliques". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60783.pdf.
Testo completoRecho, Naman. "Amorçage et propagation d'une fissure de fatigue des éléments de structures métalliques soudés". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066198.
Testo completoRancurel, Corinne. "Radicaux nitroyde phosphorés et leurs dérivés métalliques : synthèses, structures électroniques et propriétés magnétiques". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10590.
Testo completoLe, Perchec Jérôme. "Localisations et exaltations de la lumière dans des structures métalliques sub-longueur d'onde". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10014.
Testo completoThis thesis presents theoretical works based on a modal approach, about the optical properties of metallic surfaces with rectangular grooves whose dimensions are smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. These surfaces show reflection anomalies related to local enhancements of the electromagnetic field, due to, in particular, Fabry-Pérot like resonances inside the grooves. The problem of two near-field coupled sub-wavelength cavities is analysed. Hot spot phenomena occur, and we show how to control the localization of light at sub-wavelength scales. The results could find important applications: optical switching, quantitative light addressing, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). . . We also study the localization effects due to structural disorder: breaking the symmetry of periodic arrangements, different lighting configurations may appear, very sensitive to the excitation frequency. Some theoretical predictions are evidenced experimentally. Finally, we deal with the case of very sub-wavelength lamellar gratings, in connection with the Abnormal Optical Absorption and the SERS effect observed for some rough metallic films. Giant enhancements of the electric field, calculated inside nano-cavities with the exact modal method, in the visible region, are explained by the excitation of surface plasmons-polaritons whose wave vectors are much larger than those of light
Coudert, Stéphane. "Modélisation de la dynamique électron-photon-phonon dans des nano-structures métalliques confinantes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0044.
Testo completoIn the present work, we present a theoretical study aiming at understanding ultra-fast generation, elaxation and transport processes of hot carriers in metals. We have developed a numerical code solving the Boltzmann equation for both phonons and electrons which enables to model these ultrafast out of equilibrium processes. The importance of Umklapp processes in absorption mechanisms for electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering is shown. By using the Rosei model, experimental observable are extracted from microscopic calculations as the thermoreflectance signal. Numerical results are compared to experimental data. In general a good agreement is obtained. By coupling the present approach to experimental data, absolute thermoreflectance measurements can be carried out. Finally, Boltzmann equation for electrons with one spatial dimensions and three dimensions in momentum space is numerically solved. This enables to model ultrafast transport from ballistic spatial ( 10 nm) and temporal time scale ( 10 fs), beyond Fourier transport where the temperature is no longer defined, to macrocopic scales. The importance of describing the ultrafast transport of hot carriers is highlighted. The numerical predictions have been compared successfully with experimental results obtained in LOMA and in the litterature
Fourcade, Thibaut. "Études des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux métalliques en couches minces". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0071/document.
Testo completoThe thin films are used in a large number of industrial fields such as Micro- and Nano- Technology (MNT) or treatment of surfaces. They can be used either as layer structures, or to provide protection functions or functionalized surfaces. There are generally two types of thin layers deposited thin films and self-supporting thin layers. The objective of the work presented in this manuscript is to develop methods for mechanical characterization of elastic-plastic behavior of free-standing thin films and deposited. First, we present a microtensile test able to work on 750 nm thick layers and associated technical means. These tools allow to characterize the elastic-plastic properties and mechanical damage freestanding thin films. In a second step, we focus on the implementation of parametric identification methods associated with implementation of instrumented indentation testing in the context of characterizing the elastic-plastic behavior of the deposited thin film materials. The layers characterized in this study are multilayer NiCo In total thickness 22 microns and thin layers of aluminum produced from several procédées with thicknesses between 1 and 1.5 microns
Bouzy, Emmanuel. "Structures et défauts des carbures produits par la cristallisation d'alliages amorphes chrome-carbone". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_BOUZY_E.pdf.
Testo completoM'Rabet, Inès. "Polyphénols des oranges de Tunisie : structures, propriétés chélatrices et antioxydantes". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6035.
Testo completoThe research presented in this PhD dissertation was carried out under a French-Tunisian scientific supervision, in the framework of a valorisation project of the orange skins with the aim of producing bioactive molecules for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications. In the first part of this work, we studied, using X-rays diffraction and infrared spectrophotometry, the structure of some samples of soils where citrus fruits are grown in Tunisia. The concentration of heavy metals in the soils, in the citrus fruits and in the orange juices was determined by atomic emission spectroscopy. It is noteworthy that neither significant pollution of the soils, nor accumulation of toxic cations are observed. In the second part of this manuscript, we selected two major polyphenols of citrus fruits, hesperetin and eriodyctiol, and carried out an extensive characterization of the corresponding metallic complexes. Combining mass spectrometry, absorption spectrophotometry and potentiometry, we established the stoechiometry of the complexes, attributed the coordination sites and calculated the thermodynamic stability of the various complexes. We examined two prooxidant cations, Fe(III) and Cu(II), which have been proven to be deleterious in ageing processes and neurodegenerative diseases and for which the chelation will be beneficial, if moderate. Zn(II) and two toxic metals, Ni(II) and Al(III), were also studied. In the last part of our research work, we have elucidated the uptake and release mechanisms of iron(III) and nickel(II) by hesperetin and eriodyctiol. Our results showed that the uptake rate was limited by a step-by-step desolvation of the metals and that the release processes were catalysed by protons
Mosbah, Salem. "Modélisation multi échelle des structures de grains et des ségrégations dans les alliages métalliques". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349885.
Testo completoPitoiset, Xavier. "Méthodes spectrales pour une analyse en fatigue des structures métalliques sous chargements aléatoires multiaxiaux". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211673.
Testo completoGuillon, Cyril. "Spectroscopie femtoseconde de structures métalliques, bimétalliques et de verres de silice à l'échelle nanométrique". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12830.
Testo completoChapuis, Bastien. "Contrôle santé intégré par méthode ultrasonore des réparations composites collées sur des structures métalliques". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077122.
Testo completoThis document presents the development of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) System for composite patches bonded to aluminum plates. These patches are used in aeronautic industries to repair cracked or corroded structures. The SHM System studied consists in three thin piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) discs embedded in the repair and used to generate and detect Lamb waves propagating in the structure. The defect is revealed by the echo emitted by the diffraction of the incident wave on the defect. The modelling of Lamb waves propagation in anisotropic structures enables to select the mode. In particular, the description of the focusing phenomenon shows that the use of A₀ mode has to be preferred when the anisotropy of the propagating medium is important. To set up the monitoring strategy some experiments have been performed. Pulse-echo measurements, for which the same disc is used to excite and to detect Lamb waves, are used. Moreover, it seems necessary to compare the signal measured in a given state to a baseline signal for which other non destructive techniques have checked the lack of defect in the structure. Finally, some fatigue mechanical résistance tests of a smart repair are presented. These tests have been achieved to verify that the introduction of the discs does not degrade the performances of the repair and to test the SHM System in an environment closer to operational conditions
Benmenni, Leila. "Modélisation de complexes du cuivre (I) et (II) : contribution à la prévision de leurs structures par mécanique et dynamique moléculaires". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30052.
Testo completoJongsma, Jelmer Eelke. "Étude de structures adhésives de polymères en couches minces". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2013.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis has been created around an industrial development target: increase the internal pressure resistance of a metal food container with a peelable closure during sterilization processes. The critical part of the closure is the thermo-sealed zone of the aluminium membrane and the metal ring. The seal and peel medium is a thin layer (20 µm) of polypropylene and polyethylene. Improvements are proposed by geometrical changes in the sealing, membrane and closure. More fundamental research was done on the heterogeneity of the stress distributions in the sealed zone, adhesively bonded zone. For the elastic case, a qualitative homogeneity criterium for the shear stress distribution in the adhesively bonded zone was derived. Under the assumption of homogeneous stress distributions, global shear creep measurements at elevated temperatures on the sealed zone gave unsatisfactory results. Local deformation measurements at elevated temperatures were necessary but difficult because of the seal- width / thickness ratio of around hundred. The local deformation observations proved the heterogeneity of the deformation along the sealing. Two deformation mechanisms were observed. First, the shear deformation along the whole sealing, this deformation is likely to be heterogeneous. Second, a local deformation initiated by plastic deformation in the aluminium membrane. The second deformation mechanism has a local character and might create a failure in the sealing with a propagating character along the sealing. The heterogeneous or even local character of the observed deformations made quantitative analysis of the adhesive properties very difficult
Mathias, Jean-Denis. "Etude du comportement mécanique de patchs composites utilisés pour le renforcement de structures métalliques aéronautiques". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159157.
Testo completotype fissures, criques ou impacts. Une alternative à la réparation de ces structures consiste à les renforcer préventivement, avant que les défauts n'apparaissent. Le
contexte de ce travail est celui de la maintenance préventive de structures métalliques aéronautiques par renforts composites, dans le but de retarder l'apparition ou la propagation de fissures.
La conception des renforts nécessite l'utilisation d'outils spécialisés pour définir les caractéristiques optimales du patch : géométrie, nombre de plis unidirectionnels,
orientation des plis les uns par rapport aux autres, positionnement autour de la zone à soulager... Pour cela, un programme d'optimisation de patchs par algorithme
génétique a été écrit. Il est couplé à un logiciel de calcul par éléments finis : Ansys.
L'algorithme génétique mis en oeuvre a permis de déterminer des caractéristiques de patchs dont la géométrie extérieure est définie par une courbe spline fermée, ceci afin de réduire de manière optimale les contraintes mécaniques dans une zone donnée, et
ce pour différents types de sollicitations.
De nombreuses d´efaillances des assemblages collés patch/substrat sont liées à des concentrations de contraintes dans la colle dues à l'existence d'une zone de
transfert progressif d'effort du substrat vers le patch. Des approches unidirectionnelles du transfert d'effort sont classiquement utilisées dans la littérature. Elles ne
tiennent cependant pas compte d'effets bidimensionnels comme la différence des coefficients de Poisson qui peut exister entre le substrat et le composite. A partir des
équations d'équilibre, des modèles analytique et numérique bidimensionnels ont donc été développés. Des phénomènes de couplages bidimensionnels ont ainsi bien été mis en évidence.
Parallèlement, des essais de traction uniaxiale ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes en aluminium renforcées par des patchs en carbone/époxyde. La méthode de la grille a été utilisée pour mesurer des champs cinématiques en surface du patch composite.
Cette méthode a permis d'étudier expérimentalement le transfert des efforts entre le substrat et le renfort suivant les deux dimensions du problème et de comparer les résultats obtenus avec les différents modèles développés au préalable.
Dubois, Pierre. "Optimisation de structures rayonnantes métalliques 3D par déformation de surfaces iso-niveaux en régime harmonique". Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1373.
Testo completoLarminat, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude de structures guidantes inhomogènes : étude des pertes métalliques et des discontinuités uniaxiales". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT116H.
Testo completoRakotovelo, Andriaminosoa Martin. "Contribution à la validation des méthodes de prévision du rochet thermique dans les structures métalliques". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Testo completoThis work concerns the steady state assessment in the metallic structures subjected to thermomecanical cyclic loadings in biaxial stress state. The effect of the short time mechanical overloads is also investigated. The first chapter is devoted to a bibliographic research concerning the behaviour of the materials and the structures in the cyclic plasticity. Some works related to the experimental aspect as well as the numerical one for the steady state assessment of such structures are presented. The experimental part of the study is presented in the second chapter. The experimental device was carried out in order to prescribe tension and torsion forces combined with cyclic thermal loading. Some tests was then carried out, among these tests certain include some overloads in tension or torsion. The last chapter describes the numerical calculations using different models (linear isotropic hardening, linear kinematic hardening and elastoviscoplastic Chaboche’s model) and the application of some simplified methods for the ratchetting assessment in the structures. We have considered two categories of methods. The first one is based on an elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram, 3 Sm rule, efficiency rule) and the second one combines elastic analysis and elastoplastic analysis of the first cycle (Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods). The results of this study have enabled: • to validate in the biaxial stress state an expression which takes into account the effect of mechanical short time overloads. • to test the performances of considered models to describe the evolution of the structure during the first cycle and to take into account the effect of short time overloads. Among the considered models, the elastoplastic Chaboche’s model seems to be the most accurate to describe the structure’s behaviour during the first cycles. • to validate some simplified methods. Certain methods based only on elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram and efficiency rule) seem not suitable for the considered kind of structure. On the other hand, Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods give some conservative predictions
Phanon, Delphine. "Ingénierie cristalline pour l'optique non linéaire quadratique : iodates métalliques". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10116.
Testo completoNowadays, most of quadratic NLO commercial materials are used for applications in the field of UV to the near infrared. However, the atmosphere presents two others windows of transparency in the infrared: window II between 3 and 5 Μm and window III between 8 and 12 Μm. The materials which can be used for applications between 4 Μm and 12 Μm are very few. Anhydrous iodate compounds studied in this work of general formula M(IO3)n or MM'(IO3)4 were synthesised either by slow evaporation in concentrated nitric acid or in hydrothermal synthesis. Structural analyses carried out by X-ray diffraction on powder and on single crystal, underline an analogy between M(IO3)2, M(IO3)3 and a-LiIO3 compounds which allows us to synthesise solid solutions. The compounds studied present three important common characteristics: great thermal stability on average 500°C, non hygroscopicity and a very large window of transparency which extends continuously from UV, for colourless compounds, towards the far infrared on average up to 13 Μm. They also have an optical damage threshold equal to some GW. Cm-2 on powder and an intensity of second harmonic generation signal similar or even higher than the one observed for a-LiIO3. Moreover, the insertion of luminescent elements could be done in several iodate matrices. We now have a whole family of potentially active materials (laser emission caused by luminescent elements for lasers with wavelengths fixed or tunable) and/or passive materials (frequency doubling) which could respond to the requirements for concerned applications
Phanon, Delphine. "Ingénierie cristalline pour l'optique non linéaire quadratique : iodates métalliques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263415.
Testo completoTaouti, Mohamed Benabdallah. "Synthèses et caractérisations structurales d'iodates métalliques, matériaux lasers convertisseurs de fréquences". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10201.
Testo completoThe materials likely to cover the technologic needs in the field infrared laser emission for applications between 3 µm and 12 µm, including the three windows transparency of the atmosphere are few. The iodates metallic compounds appear to be potential material. Indeed it was shown that the compounds are the following common characteristics: good thermal stability, non-hygroscopicity, window of transparency on powder which extends from the visible to the beginning of the far infrared (12 µm), optical threshold damage on powder equal to some GW. Cm-2. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the synthesis and structural determination of new asymmetrical iodates compounds doped with luminescent rare earth ions or transition metal to obtain difunctional materials that can be both luminescent to generate the laser light source and to convert non-linear frequency of original issue. The asymmetrical matrix AgGd(IO3)4 has been doped with Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions, with luminescence life time of the same magnitude as that of some commercial lasers. The studies on iodate lanthanum allowed characterization of La(IO3)3(HIO3) and La(IO3)3(HIO3)1,33 obtained by slow crystallization in an nitric acid solution, while the α-La(IO3)3 anhydrous compound is obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. This is a potential candidate as an laser matrix by the insertion of lanthanide ions
Taouti, Mohamed Benabdallah. "Synthèses et caractérisations structurales d'iodates métalliques, matériaux lasers convertisseurs de fréquences". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335252.
Testo completoSzmytka, Fabien. "Nouveaux modèles de comportement élasto-viscoplastique pour des matériaux métalliques. Application au dimensionnement de structures automobiles". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004111.
Testo completoGirard, Adrien. "Étude du confinement acoustique dans des nano-structures métalliques et semiconductrices par diffusion Raman basse fréquence". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1106/document.
Testo completoInelastic light scattering spectroscopies (Raman/Brillouin) are a versatile tool to study thermal phonons at various scales. In nano-granular media, the study of acoustic phonons with a wavelength much greater than the grain diameter D (?/D >> 1) allows one to characterize the macroscopic elasticity governed by Hertz law of the contact. The validity of Hertz law is studied for powders made of oxide nanoparticles a few nanometers in diameter. When the phonon half-wavelength reaches the confinement dimension (diameter D for spheres, thickness e for plates) propagation is forbidden and mechanical resonances occur. Low frequency Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize the acoustic resonances of semiconducting nanoplatelets “dressed” with an organic surfactant layer. When the thickness becomes thin enough (e ~ 1 nm), the resonance frequency is significantly downshifted compared to a free platelet, attributed to a mass load effect due to the organic molecules. When the confining object is a metallic nano-dimer, both plasmonic and acoustic hybridization occur at the same time. The resonant excitation of the dimeric plasmon allows one to observe down to single nano-object scale the inelastic scattering by dimer hybridized dipolar vibration modes l=1 as well as non-hybridized modes with higher angular momentum l >2, known to be Raman inactive in this size range according to previously established selection rules. Possibilities for a new plasmon-vibration coupling mechanism are discussed
Goubran-Botros, Hany. "Etude des interactions de biomolécules et de structures supramoléculaires (ex : cellules) avec les ions métalliques immobilisés". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD334.
Testo completoThis study deals with the interactions between biomolecules and chelated metal ions attached to insoluble or soluble polymers. We have demonstrated the conservation of recognition mechanism between biomolecules, from the peptide to the supramolecular structure (e. G. Cell), and chelated transition metals in different microenvironments of the metal. This recognition seems to be mediated through coordination between the chelated metal and specific amino acid residues, mainly histidine residues, located on the surface of proteins. Extension of the Immobilized Metal ion Affinity (IMA) principle to new techniques is presented. Immobilized Metal ion Affinity Electrophoresis (IMAE) is used for the analytical quantification of the recognition between metal chelates and proteins. The faisability of Immobilized Metal ion Affinity Partition (IMAP) both for analytical and preparative purposes mediated by the histidine residues is developed. The concept of Immobilized Metal ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) as well as IMAP had also been extended to study eukaryotic cell properties. Thus, IMAC, IMAE and IMAP all seem to operate on the same physico-chemical basis with proteins and whole cells
Alarcon, Villaseca Sebastian. "Surfaces d'Alliages Métalliques Complexes à base d'aluminium et de cobalt : structures atomique et électronique, stabilité et adsorption". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL067N/document.
Testo completoComplex metallic alloys (CMAs) are intermetallic compounds whose crystal structure differs from the usual alloys by the number of atoms in the unit cell and the occurrence of high symmetry aggregates as building blocks. The specific structure of CMAs gives them unique physical and chemical properties compared to more conventional metallic alloys, particularly with regard to surface properties.The overall goal of this thesis is the determination of the atomic and electronic surface structure of alumnium-cobalt based complex metal alloys using ab initio calculation methods based on the density functional theory. Several alloys of different complexity were considered: Al5Co2, Al9Co2 and o-Al13Co4. The calculation results of this work are confronted with experimental data.The present manuscript contains three parts. The first part deals with numerical methods. The second part deals with the study of clean surfaces. A structural model is proposed for the termination of the (001)Al9Co2 and (100)o-Al13Co4 surfaces, which consist in a dense aluminum rich plan obtained by bulk truncation. This result is in good agreement with what is observed in the case of quasicrystals – a special case of CMAs. This study also shows that for all surfaces studied, the presence of cobalt atoms on the surface is unfavoured. The quasi-covalent bonds present in the studied CMAs plays a fundamental role in the selection of the surface plane.The third part of this work deals with the adsorption of lead and oxygen atoms on the (001)Al9Co2 and (100)o-Al13Co4 surfaces. The study reveals that the surface and subsurface cobalt atoms influence on the determination of the preferential adsorption sites. The substrate atomic relaxation is important in the case of atomic oxygen adsorption. The calculated Al-O distances correspond to typical atomic oxygen adsorption distances on the (111)Al surface and with the Al-O distances in the Al2O3 oxide. In the case of atomic lead adsorption on the (100)o-Al13Co4 surface, the first step towards the formation of a pseudomorphic film was simulated
Thoumyre, Lecomte Charles. "Optimisation de structures architecturées pour la captation, le stockage, et la restitution d'énergie thermique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI094/document.
Testo completoThe problematic of heat storage is important in the present context. One of the solutions is to use phase change materials (PCM). Nevertheless their thermal properties are poors and a conductive substracte must absolutely be used in order to maximise the yield of theses systems.The purposes of this PhD are the physics phenomena implementation understanding and characterization, and the optimization of architectured structures for heat storage systems. A dual approach was adopted both experimental and numerical on simple PCM reception structures (fins) and on more complex ones (open foams). We analyzed influences of geometrical parameters (system lenght and porosity, thickness and space betweens fins, cellfoam size) from reception structure, its constituent material and its orientation. Experimental results support well with numerical simulations. This permits to pursue a more systematical study about analyzed parameters, and notably to identify in which cases natural convection has to be taken into account. Finally, from these results, we developped a tool which permits to optimize architectured structures for a defined bill of specifications
Pineau, Samuel. "Interactions entre les communautés bactériennes et les processus de corrosion accélérée des structures métalliques en environnement marin". Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1664.
Testo completoAccelerated corrosion phenomenons are studied from an in situ experimentation conducted in several ports using metallographic, chemical, microbiological and molecular biology analytical methods. The results showed some variations of corrosion deposit composition according to immersion zones, including high bacterial diversity. The habitat and mixed populations notions have been proposed. The observation of "terrace-like" corrosion suggested repetitive desquamations of deposits even when a hypothesis of localised acidification is proposed for attacks processes under tubercles. This process could be induced by biogenic sulphides oxidation, microbial synergetic relationships and corrosion products structure. Many applied research outlooks are suggested, especially for the methodological development of survey, diagnostic and risk assessment processes in industrial domain
Dupuis, Véronique. "Localisation d'Anderson dans des alliages amorphes métalliques et dans des structures multicouches : étude sous champ magnétique intense". Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0016.
Testo completoEs-Saidi, Soukaina. "Optimisation de la réponse optique de réseaux diffractifs métalliques appliqués à la sécurité des documents". Thesis, Troyes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TROY0016.
Testo completoSecurity holograms based on sub-wavelength gratings (SWGs) are increasingly used not only to protect sensitive documents, but also to combat against the reprographic technologies used in counterfeiting.The aim of the present work is to design optical security devices to produce visual and chromatic effects, based on the generation of structural colors, easily recognizable but difficult to counterfeit and compatible with high-tech foil production. To this end, we study the optical response of one and two-dimensional asymmetric SWGs fabricated by laser interferometric lithography and scaled up to larger scales on polymer film using roll-to-roll replication processes. The in-depth physical analysis of the resonance mechanisms generated by metallic and hybrid metal-dielectric SWGs allows to understand and tailor their chromatic response. We also demonstrate that hybrid SWGs open new design perspectives and enhance the quality of the perceived colors. The research evidence presented in this contribution clearly shows that the use of modern optimization tools, prior to fabrication, provides an efficient way to tailor and to optimize the resonant response of diffraction gratings. We demonstrate that the multi-objective approach outperforms single-objective strategies and opens the possibility of increasing the complexity of the diffractive structures used for color reproduction. We emphasize that Artificial Intelligence tools constitute an efficient alternative to the traditional time-consuming electromagnetic methods
Laamiri, Youness. "Etude de structures diélectriques et métalliques périodiques dans le domaine THz : Application à la spectroscopie de films minces". Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS011.
Testo completoWe present a study, in the far-infrared (THz frequency domain), of the spectroscope of materials whose thickness is smaller than the wavelength of the terahertz radiation. To obtain the sensitivity required for a precise characterization, we enhance the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the thin film through the resonant excitation of guided waves or of surface plasmons (either propagating or localized). In the first chapter of the manuscript, we present a state-of-the-art of the thin-film characterization methods in the THz range, we describe the experimental technique we used, namely the THz time-domain spectroscopy, and then we explain the advantages of the method we propose in this work. In the second chapter, we study a device made of a silicon waveguide on which is engraved a grating coupler. We were able to accurately determine the dielectric parameters of a resin film as thin as λTHz/80 with a very good precision (2 % for the refractive index). We describe how to optimize this device for measuring submicron-thick films. In the last part of this work, we study the electromagnetic properties of a 2-dimensions squared hole array. We explain the electromagnetic origin of all the signatures seen in the transmission spectrum. We show that such a device can be used to characterize a thin film located against it, and it can also serve as a band pass spectral filter for terahertz signals
Memet, Jean-Bernard. "La corrosion marine des structures métalliques portuaires : étude des mécanismes d'amorçage et de croissance des produits de corrosion". La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS047.
Testo completoMerabet, Omar. "Modélisation des structures planes en béton arme sous chargements monotone et cyclique : construction et validation d'un modèle numérique". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0005.
Testo completoLaurent, Hervé. "Modélisation de la mise en forme des tôles métalliques et du comportement des matériaux polymères". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760070.
Testo completoBoutou, Véronique. "Structures et propriétés électroniques de petits agrégats de baryum nus et oxygénés". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10301.
Testo completoAyadi, Awatef. "Matériaux moléculaires pour l'optique : Synthèse, Structures et propriétés". Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0013/document.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the synthesis and study of properties (electro) optical multifunctional ligands and their metal complexes designed for various applications especially in the field of optics and photonics. This work is structured around two main axes : the photoactive ligands and electroactive ligands and their metal complexes. In the case of photoactive ligands our choice fell on the use of functions based photoactive azobenzene or stilbene known for their photochromic properties and pyrene known for its outstanding emission properties and its ability to organize via intermolecular interactions of ¶-stacking. The iminopyridine function known to coordinate various metal cations was used as complexing unit. Complexation of these ligands then allowed the preparation of new photoactive metal complexes. The novel ligands and their complexes were characterized in solution by various methods of analysis as well as the solid state by X-ray diffraction. Great interest was then focused on the study of nonlinear optical properties using experimental techniques SHG, THG and Z-scan. These studies showed that all studies ligands showed extensive NLO response and that the same response was modulated depending on the number of photoactive units and the nature of the substituents on these ligands. In addition, the NLO response was modulated by the complexation of the metal cation and also by the nature of the metals used. These results indicate that the prepared and studied systems were good candidates for applications in photonics and optoelectronics. In the case electroactive ligands we are interested in the synthesis of new ligands containing tetrathiafulvalen unit (TTF) known to be a good electron donor and a chelating entity azine and their complexes. The complexation of these ligands has allowed us to obtain new electroactive metal complexes that were characterized in solution and in the solid state by the resolution of crystalline structures. In addition some of the prepared ligands exhibit optimal recognition properties vis-a-vis the ion F- that result in the appearance of a new absorption band in the visible region and changes in redox potential in which complemented by a visible color signature to the naked eye (color change of the solution)
Rodes, Emmanuel. "Nouveaux concepts d'antenne à base de matériaux BIE métalliques : Application aux réseaux de télécommunications". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/242b992f-d435-4d33-9c2d-99ea899a129a/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0071.pdf.
Testo completoThis report is dedicated to new developments around the EBG resonator antenna concept. Different solutions are proposed to enlarge the scope of the putative applications. A new structure using a metallic FSS and able to work on two frequency bands is first proposed as a mean to circumvent the problem of the EBG antenna narrow bandwidth. A new kind of metallic arrangement is then described, which allow the creation of antennas able to radiate on a larger bandwidth than the original dielectric ones. Lastly, an EBG resonator antenna possessing a sectoral radiation pattern is presented. The functioning of the structure is detailed and a conception method is given. The interest and limitations of this new concept are illustrated through application examples. The presented realizations successfully confirmed the correct functioning of the proposed structures
Azman, Abdul Hadi. "Méthode pour l'intégration des structures treillis dans la conception pour la fabrication additive". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI004/document.
Testo completoIt is now possible to manufacture metallic lattice structures easily with additive manufacturing. Lattice structures can be used to produce high strength low mass parts. However, it does not exist a method to design lattice structures for additive manufacturing. This PhD focuses on lattice structure design methods and manipulation in CAD, CAE and CAM tools to facilitate the wide use of lattice structures in products. The thesis addressed the following research questions:• Why are lattice structures so little used in part designs?• What are the information necessary to help designers to design parts containing lattice structures?• How can lattice structures be created quickly and easily in CAD?The main contributions are:• An evaluation of current CAD tools in terms of human machine interface, CAD file formats, CAE and CAM to design lattice structures was conducted. The results show that current CAD tools and CAD file formats have insufficient performance in the context of design for additive manufacturing. Current CAD tools create and represent lattice structures using surfaces and volumes. This contributes to large file sizes, high RAM consumption, as well as time-consuming creations and operations.• A new lattice structure design strategy. This method serves as a guideline for designers to integrate lattice structures in additive manufactured parts using the concept of equivalent material. Designers will be able to choose lattice structure patterns and densities.• A methodology to create equivalent materials is presented. It is solid and does not contain any struts, thus has few surfaces only. With this equivalent material, it will be easier and quicker to conduct FEA due to the small number of surfaces involved. The characteristics of different lattice structure patterns and densities were determined, which are the relative Young’s modulus and relative strength in function of the relative density. This methodology can be applied to all lattice structures.• The main lattice structure geometrical characteristics were determined. A skeleton model was presented to define lattice structures with points, lines, sections and joints instead of surfaces and volumes. A method is presented to visualise in CAD and slice lattice structures in CAM from the skeleton model
Gu, Xiaonan. "Structures métalliques a liaisons semi-rigides : algorithmes de calcul et résolution numérique en analyse non linéaire pré et post critique". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0076.
Testo completoIn framework structures, the mechanical properties of joints can considerably influence the whole mechanical behaviour. In this context, a numerical finite element analysis software package is proposed for the study of the quasi static non linear behaviour of steel plane structure with arbitrary loading condition and semi rigid connection. The approximated and updated Lagrangian description is used. The Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with the Crisfield's arc-length methods allowing limit points to be « passed automatically » is used to describe the whole reponse for problems with geometrical and material non linearity. In the formulation, a special beam-column finite element obtained form the complete non linear form of the virtual work principle is associated with a multi linear moment-axial force interaction low and with some models of non linear connections. A so called connection matrix is built to deal with the coupling effects between nodes connections and beam columns. This matrix simplifies the interactive equilibrium algorithm without any specific addition nodal parameter. The validity and interest of the proposed models are shown using some examples with elastic and post elastic behaviour following first and second order analysis
Doucet, Laurence. "Caractérisation mécanique et physico-chimique des matériaux métalliques et diélectriques dans des structures d'interconnexions destinées à la micro-électronique". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0113.
Testo completoLatouche, Camille. "Étude théorique de complexes inorganiques et de clusters métalliques de taille nanométrique : interprétation de leurs structures et de leurs propriétés". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968790.
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