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Tesi sul tema "Structure semi-Cristalline"
Amalou, Zhor. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure semi-cristalline des polymères à chaînes semi-rigides". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210832.
Testo completoDans ce travail, une contribution originale est apportée à cette étude, et cela en combinant diverses techniques expérimentales permettant des mesures calorifiques et structurales en températures et temps réels. L’intérêt c’est porté sur les polymères linéaires aromatiques tels que le polyéthylènes teréphthalate, PET, et le polytriméthylène téréphthalate, PTT, caractérisés par une température de transition vitreuse supérieure à l’ambiante ( Tg > 50°) et une température de fusion élevée (Tm>220°C), offrant ainsi une assez large gamme de température de cristallisation (Tm-Tg). L’étude de la structure semi-cristalline du PET à l’échelle du nanomètre et de la relaxation des phases amorphes présentes dans sa structure est facilitée par l’utilisation d’un diluant amorphe tel que le polyétherimide (PEI), qui forme un mélange miscible avec le PET.
L’utilisation de microscopie de force atomique AFM à haute température a permis d’observer la cristallisation isotherme de PET en temps réel et de décrire ainsi la cristallisation secondaire comme un processus d'épaississement des piles lamellaires. De plus, l’analyse de la structure semi-cristalline du PET et du PTT, dans l’espace direct, sont en faveur d’un modèle structural homogène, où l’épaisseur lamellaire moyenne est légèrement inférieure à l’épaisseur moyenne des régions amorphes interlamellaires. Ces résultats ont permis, d’une part, d’apporter une meilleure interprétation aux données obtenues par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS), et d’autre part, d’ interpréter le comportement de fusion multiple caractéristique des polymères semi-cristallin à chaînes semi-rigides par le seul processus de fusion-recristallisation. Dans l’étude investiguée sur les mélanges PET/PEI et sur le PTT pur, on montre que la cinétique d’un tel processus est particulièrement rapide comparée à la cristallisation. De plus, les observations par AFM et par microscopie optique de même que les mesures SAXS en temps réel ont montré la simultanéité et la compétition existant entre la fusion des cristaux et leur réorganisation durant la chauffe. Par ailleurs, la relaxation des régions amorphes interlamellaires, souvent considérées comme rigides, a pu être mise en évidence par les mesures AFM et SAXS réalisées à haute température sur des échantillons de PET/PEI semi-cristallins.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mokrane, Abdellah. "Sur la structure de la cohomologie cristalline logarithmique des schémas semi-stables". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112041.
Testo completoBargain, François. "Structure semi-cristalline et propriétés d'usage de films de copolymères fluorés électro-actifs : influence de la composition et de la mise en forme". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET007.
Testo completoThe relationship between semi-crystalline structure and properties of use (mechanical, dielectric and electroactive) of fluorinated copolymer films was studied for applications in organic electronics. Investigated materials are poly(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymers and poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) terpolymers based on vinylidene fluoride (TrFE), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). Polymer films, obtained after solvent evaporation, are studied by X-ray diffraction (SAXS-WAXS), DSC, FTIR, DMA, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles in order to highlight the impact of composition and processing (annealing, poling) on structure and final properties of material. We showed that the ferroelectric (FE) phase coexists with the defective ferroelectric (DFE) phase in copolymer films. The increasing fraction of DFE phase with TrFE content allows explaining the evolution of thermal properties. A continuous structural transition, from DFE phase to paraelectric (PE) phase was highlighted. The CTFE termonomer content highly influences the crystalline structure and the electro-actives properties of terpolymer films (loss of ferroelectric behavior in favor of relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behavior).We proved for the first time the existence of a continuous structural transition between RFE phase and PE phase around room temperature. This transition allows explaining exacerbated properties of these materials (dielectric constant and deformation under electric field).Finally, analogies of behavior between copolymers and terpolymers are discussed, especially the evolution of crystalline phases under electric field, in order to better understand how these electro-active materials work for their future development at industrial level
Bargain, François. "Structure semi-cristalline et propriétés d'usage de films de copolymères fluorés électro-actifs : influence de la composition et de la mise en forme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET007.
Testo completoThe relationship between semi-crystalline structure and properties of use (mechanical, dielectric and electroactive) of fluorinated copolymer films was studied for applications in organic electronics. Investigated materials are poly(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymers and poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) terpolymers based on vinylidene fluoride (TrFE), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). Polymer films, obtained after solvent evaporation, are studied by X-ray diffraction (SAXS-WAXS), DSC, FTIR, DMA, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles in order to highlight the impact of composition and processing (annealing, poling) on structure and final properties of material. We showed that the ferroelectric (FE) phase coexists with the defective ferroelectric (DFE) phase in copolymer films. The increasing fraction of DFE phase with TrFE content allows explaining the evolution of thermal properties. A continuous structural transition, from DFE phase to paraelectric (PE) phase was highlighted. The CTFE termonomer content highly influences the crystalline structure and the electro-actives properties of terpolymer films (loss of ferroelectric behavior in favor of relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behavior).We proved for the first time the existence of a continuous structural transition between RFE phase and PE phase around room temperature. This transition allows explaining exacerbated properties of these materials (dielectric constant and deformation under electric field).Finally, analogies of behavior between copolymers and terpolymers are discussed, especially the evolution of crystalline phases under electric field, in order to better understand how these electro-active materials work for their future development at industrial level
Housseini, Joulia. "Corrélation entre la dynamique moléculaire, le polymorphisme cristallin et les propriétés électroactives des polymères à base de poly(fluorure de vinylidène) pour des applications pyroélectriques et de récupération d'énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0170.
Testo completoVinylidene Fluoride (VDF)-based polymers are well-known electroactive materials with their high output functional performance leveraged by the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and electrocaloric effects. Besides, their outstanding electroactive properties, their ability to be incorporated into flexible devices allow them to be integrated into a broad range of applications such as sensors, energy storage, printed memories, electro caloric refrigeration, artificial muscles devices. The dielectric properties of VDF-based polymers are strongly influenced by their macromolecular architecture and semi-crystalline structure. Consequently, understanding the relationship between chemical sequence, crystallinity and electroactive properties is essential to optimize their performance and stability in targeted applications. Modulation of their electroactivity is directly associated with the development of crystalline polymorphism, which can be refined by variations in processing conditions. The central objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to further decipher the multiple semi-crystalline structures of VDF-based polymers and correlate crystalline polymorphism with electroactive behavior. In this work, we particularly delved into the integration of P(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymer into pyroelectric devices, by highlighting the impact of the casting and annealing processes on the semi-crystalline structure and the final pyroelectric properties. A combination of X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles measurements were used to probe the structural characteristics of P(VDF-co-TrFE) layers as function of the film processing methods, leading to the optimization of the final pyroelectric response. Next, we sought at the optimization of P(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) systems used for energy-harvesting or cooling applications by rationalizing the impact of processing conditions – with a focus on the role of the casting solvents – on the relaxor ferroelectric properties. Finally, we have explored the use of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to unravel the relationship between macromolecular structure, crystalline polymorphism and electroactive properties, which allows us to provide a clearer picture of these complex systems by differentiating three different states of ordering in these materials: an amorphous, rigid-amorphous and crystalline phases. In summary, this study aims to establish connections between the macromolecular architecture of electroactive polymers and their thin film crystalline structure to enhance their dielectric functionalities for specific applications
Bouchouit, Karim. "Préparation, caractérisation et propriétés optiques non linéaires de composés semi-organiques". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433814.
Testo completoHussein, Naji. "Enhancement of the mechanical performance of semi-crystalline polyamides by tailoring the intermolecular interaction in the amorphous phase". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0140/document.
Testo completoThe use of polyamides in the automotive industry has grown significantly over the last years with the demand to reduce vehicle weight and also to increase fuel efficiency. Polyamide 66 having excellent chemical resistance, mechanical strength and toughness becomes the largest engineering thermoplastic used in automotive components. These latter are often submitted to repeated stress during service and their mechanical properties decline progressively until the failure. E. Mourglia-Seignobos (thesis 2009), pointed out that damage of polyamide 66 involves voids nucleation and growth in the amorphous phase. In order to improve the durability of this material, we tailored the cohesive energy of its amorphous phase by introducing phenolic moieties offering strong intermolecular H-bonds interactions. We proposed a preparation method of block copolyamides containing aliphatic polyamide 66 and phenolic groups (PA6HIA) by reactive extrusion. Microstructural characterizations pointed out that crystalline properties of resulting copolymers are not significantly altered at low PA6HIA content and that reactive extrusion is more appropriate than the in-situ copolymerization for the preparation of these materials. We showed that PA66/6HIA copolyamides having undisturbed crystalline features exhibit superior mechanical performance than the standard PA66, particularly longer lifetime under cyclic loading. The results of this work put in evidence the impact of the amorphous phase on the ultimate properties of semi-crystalline polymers in one hand, and open the way to a better increase of the durability of these materials by improving their crystalline features in another hand
Pepin, Julie. "Relation entre polymorphisme et réponse mécanique de polyamides semi-cristallins : le PA11 et le PA6". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10125.
Testo completoThis work revisits the problem of thermally and mechanically-induced crystal phase transitions in semi-crystalline polymers bearing H bonds. This point is of prime importance in materials where anisotropic intermolecular interactions (van der Waals vs H-bonding) gives rise to the existence of crystal phases with sheet-like H-bonded structures. The main originality of the present study lies in the use of in situ characterization of these polymorphic materials by wide angle and small angle X Ray scattering from a synchrotron source. Materials under concern are polyamides 11 and 6, and specific attention is paid to the role of these transitions on the mechanical behavior under uniaxial and biaxial drawing. The structural characterization confirms the existence of a phase transition, the Brill transition, towards a HT phase with hexagonal symmetry for some specific crystal structures (Alpha' and Delta' in PA11, Alpha defective and Beta in PA6). The most stable forms (Alpha' in PA11 and Alpha in PA6) rebuild upon cooling. Under uniaxial drawing, polyamides exhibit ductility, whatever the original crystal form is; an order towards disorder transition occurs for T
Kayser, Patrick. "Etude des conditions d'élaboration d'antimoniures polyalcalins : Matériaux pour la photoémission : étude de l'action d'espèces gazeuses sur des couches métalliques et d'oxydes semi-conducteurs : Matériaux pour capteurs de sodium et de phosphine". Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10627.
Testo completoPepin, Julie. "Relation entre polymorphisme et réponse mécanique de polyamides semi-cristallins : le PA11 et le PA6". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10125/document.
Testo completoThis work revisits the problem of thermally and mechanically-induced crystal phase transitions in semi-crystalline polymers bearing H bonds. This point is of prime importance in materials where anisotropic intermolecular interactions (van der Waals vs H-bonding) gives rise to the existence of crystal phases with sheet-like H-bonded structures. The main originality of the present study lies in the use of in situ characterization of these polymorphic materials by wide angle and small angle X Ray scattering from a synchrotron source. Materials under concern are polyamides 11 and 6, and specific attention is paid to the role of these transitions on the mechanical behavior under uniaxial and biaxial drawing. The structural characterization confirms the existence of a phase transition, the Brill transition, towards a HT phase with hexagonal symmetry for some specific crystal structures (Alpha' and Delta' in PA11, Alpha defective and Beta in PA6). The most stable forms (Alpha' in PA11 and Alpha in PA6) rebuild upon cooling. Under uniaxial drawing, polyamides exhibit ductility, whatever the original crystal form is; an order towards disorder transition occurs for T