Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Stress oxydatif – Détoxication"
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Tesi sul tema "Stress oxydatif – Détoxication":
Todorova, Tatina. "Glutathione S-transferases and oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/TODOROVA_Tatina_2007.pdf.
Glutathione S-transferases are an enzyme family playing an important role in cellular detoxification of exogenous and endogenous toxic compounds. In addition, GSTs can serve as peroxidases, and isomerases or have non-catalytic functions, among which binding of non-substrate ligands and the modulation of signaling processes. A systematic approach, using defined yeast mutants, has been taken to demonstrate the connection between GSTs and the oxidative stress caused by peroxide and arsenic. This screening revealed that two yeast GSTs, Ure2p and Tef4p, may play a role in arsenic and oxidant detoxification. Tef4p is a translatation factor and the corresponding disruption mutant is sensitive to H2O2 and As(V). In contrast, Ure2p is required for the detoxification of As(III) in S. Cerevisiae. This protection role is determined by the GST domain of the molecule and is a result of the GATA repression role of Ure2p. GATA regulation is also in the origin of oxidant sensitivity of the mutant ure2Δ
Thybert, David. "Identification des potentialités fonctionnelles dans les génomes procaryotes : application au sous-système de détoxication des radicaux libres de l’oxygène et de l’azote". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S079.
The ambiguity and heterogeneity of the initial prokaryotic genome annotation are not compatible with genomic comparative studies. In order to solve these problems, we developed a new functional annotation strategy for prokaryotic genomes, based on sub-systems and anchor-driven annotation. By taking as model the ROS and RNS detoxification sub-system (RRDS), we have implemented this new annotation strategy in an annotation and analysis platform called OxyGene. The latter provides a precise, unambiguous and homogeneous annotation of the RRDS genes. A second part of this work focused on a genomic comparative analysis that lead to relate the sub-system composition with the environment met by the organisms whose genome is completely sequenced. Finally, we enriched the functional annotation of RRDS genes with the integration of consensus of sub-cellular localisation predictions
Savard, Patrice. "Prédisposition génétique à l'hypertension de grossesse : polymorphismes de gènes de la détoxication". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22808/22808.pdf.
Bigot, Aurélie. "Identification et étude de l'expression de gènes de détoxication chez les bivalves d'eau douce Unio tumidus et Corbicula fluminea : approches en laboratoire et en milieu naturel". Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ025S/document.
Environmental perturbations can induce genetic, biochemical and physiological changes in exposed organisms. To protect from oxidative stress, bivalves possess defences such as metallothionein (MT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and pi class glutathione S-transferase (pi-GST). The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the detoxification mechanisms in the freshwater bivalves Unio tumidus and Corbicula fluminea. Bivalve molluscs are appropriate sentinel species to study the quality of the aquatic environment. They are sedentary, filter-feeding species, bioaccumulating high amounts of environmental micropollutants and can easily be transferred to contaminated areas. The MT coding sequence of Corbicula fluminea and the MT, SOD and CAT coding sequences of Unio tumidus were identified by RT-PCR using degenerated primers. Then, the mRNA expression level of MT, SOD, CAT, Se-GPx and pi-GST was measured in different studies: (i) in bivalves sampled during a 1-year period in order to identify possible seasonal variations of the expression pattern, (ii) in Corbicula fluminea exposed to copper and cadmium, (iii) and in Unio tumidus transplanted in stations located along the Moselle River. Fluctuations of the mRNA level, supposed to correspond to seasonal parameter such as water temperature and reproductive statute, were noted, principally in Unio tumidus. Our results pointed out that MT, SOD, CAT, Se-GPx and GST-pi mRNA expression level could be used as early exposure biomarkers of copper and cadmium exposure in Corbicula fluminea. Variations of gene expression were observed in Unio tumidus, highlighting anthropic impacts on aquatic ecosystem no detected by chemical analysis. Biological approaches appear as essential tools to detect environmental degradations
Hurbain, Julien. "Modélisation de la réponse métabolique à un stress oxydant : rôle des régulations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR045.
Living cells such as mammalian cells in particular, are continuously exposed to multiple and varied types of stress. These stresses can perturb the cellular homeostasis and induce damages on the cellular components which could induce several types of diseases. It is particularly the case for a change of cellular redox state called oxidative stress induced by an excessive production or insufficient consumption of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).Cells have developed efficient defence mechanisms against oxidative stress that involve anti-oxidant systems such as glutathiones which reduce the oxidizing molecules, but also metabolic pathways such as Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and glycolysis. These metabolic pathways are known to reroute the carbon flux resources from the glycolysis toward the PPP which induces high NADPH recycling that is required for efficient detoxification rate of the anti-oxidant systems. It remains however unclear how regulatory mechanisms (i) contribute to such reallocation of metabolic flux resources during oxidative stress and (ii) give rise to observed adaptation profiles of intracellular H2O2 concentrations. In the thesis, the role of regulations in the metabolic response to oxidative stress is addressed using a comprehensive kinetic modeling framework. First, a model is built from a set of metabolomics and 13C labeling data, using conventional parameter estimation methods but also a novel metabolic flux analysis techniques based on a stochastic simulation algorithm. Systematic analysis of the model reveals that many metabolic inhibitions, especially on G6PD, PGI and GAPD, can favour flux rerouting for NADPH production. In particular, we show that all these regulations work in a dose-dependent and complementary manner, which explains some paradoxes and controversies, and is consistent with observed adaptation phenotypes. A more phenomenological model has also been developed to show how such adaptation phenotype could contribute to cell-fate heterogeneity, such as fractional killing, as a long-term outcome of oxidative stress