Tesi sul tema "Street person"

Insatsen kontaktperson används flitigt inom socialtjänsten, trots det finns det ytterst lite forskning kring insatsen och dess effekter. Detta arbete strävar efter att få en ökad förståelse för socialsekreterares användande av insatsen kontaktperson för ungdomar samt hur socialsekreterares handlingsutrymme har påverkat det användandet. För att nå en ökad förståelse kring detta har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts där socialsekreterare från olika socialkontor fått berätta om sina erfarenheter och upplevelser kring insatsen. Utifrån de uppgifter som framkommit under intervjuerna har olika teman skapats som beskriver skäl att använda insatsen, vilka effekter som ses av insatsen samt skillnader och likheter mellan olika handläggares agerande. Resultatet visar att kontaktperson kan beviljas av många olika anledningar och att de upplevda effekterna varierar. Det blir också tydligt hur fritt det är för varje socialsekreterare att själv utforma insatsen, vilket gör att det går ifrågasätta klienters rättssäkerhet då detta skiljer sig mellan olika kommuner.
In Swedish social services work with youths one of the most common ways to help is to grant the youth a sort of grownup mentor, a contact person. Despite of this, there is very little research about this kind of mentoring and its effects. In this study, we wanted to increase our understanding of the use of contact person for youths and also how the social workers discretion affects the use of contact person. To be able to do that a qualitative interview study was made where social workers from different social service offices shared their knowledge and experiences about contact person. Based on the information that was given during the interviews we were able to identify different themes that describe reasons to use contact person, which effects the social workers can see and also the differences and similarities between the different social workers way to use it. The result shows that social workers can provide youths with a contact person for a variety of reasons, and that the experienced effects differ between the social service offices. The result also makes it clear how the social workers in a free way are allowed to form the setup and implement of the contact person, which makes it possible to question the client’s rights to receive the same help no matter where you live or who you meet with.

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This dissertation presents an essay about the life story of a person in street situation in Francisco Beltrão, PR, as well as of the relations that are established between the speeches and the building of processes of subjectivation this person. We use as analytical referential the essays of Michel Foucault, embracing as method the discourse analysis. The discourses are analyzed by means of concepts as Biopolitics and population developed by Foucault, since the same involve in process of formation of the subject and their ways of existence. For this purpose, used it the field research with data collection through technique of interview with a person in street situation called "Zé Correto. These data allowed to discuss the following questions: job, insecurity, religion, social and family relationships and actions of public policies intended the person in street situation. It is emphasized here that these questions contributed to understand the ways of existence of "Zé Correto". In this regard, we check that the constitution of subject in the process of building of themselves and this implies both in the relation with itself and with the relations of power which have the objective of conducting the behaviors that can happen through biopolítical actions that lead the subjects to live within what is considered normal. Get on that the transformations for which "Zé Correto" passed interfere in polítical relations, since, "Zé" will act in building of his interaction with the State and with the services of public policies, causing tensions between institutions/State and the reality of people living on the streets. These tensions result in new ways of subjectivation as well as of control of bodies, building new ways of existence.
Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo a respeito da trajetória de vida de uma pessoa em situação de rua do município de Francisco Beltrão, PR, bem como das relações que se estabelecem entre os discursos e a construção dos processos de subjetivação da pessoa em situação de rua. Utilizamos como referencial analítico os estudos de Michel Foucault, adotando como método a análise dos discursos. Os discursos serão analisados por meio dos conceitos como biopolítica e população desenvolvidos por Foucault, pois os mesmos implicam nos processos de constituição do sujeito e de seus modos de existência. Para tanto, utilizou-se a pesquisa de campo com coleta de dados através da técnica de entrevista com uma pessoa em situação de rua denominada Zé Correto. Esses dados permitiram discutir as seguintes questões: trabalho, insegurança, religião, relacionamentos sociais e familiares e ações de políticas públicas destinadas a pessoa em situação de rua. Ressalta-se aqui que estas questões contribuíram para compreender os modos de existência de Zé Correto. Nesse sentido, verificamos que a constituição do sujeito acontece no processo de construção de si e esta implica tanto na relação consigo e com as relações de poder as quais tem como objetivo conduzir as condutas que podem acontecer por meio de ações biopolíticas que conduzem os sujeitos a viver dentro do que é considerado normal. Entende-se que as transformações pelas quais Zé Correto passou interferem nas relações políticas, visto que, Zé vai atuar na construção de sua interação com o Estado e com os serviços de políticas públicas, ocasionando tensões entre instituições/Estado e a realidade de pessoas vivendo nas ruas. Estas tensões resultam em novas formas de subjetivação bem como de controle dos corpos, construindo novos modos de existência.

Cette recherche exploratoire et qualitative porte un regard sur la réalité des personnes qui vivent dans la rue avec un chien comme animal de compagnie. Sachant que le milieu de la rue est un environnement stressant et rempli d’épreuves à surmonter, il est possible de croire que d’y vivre avec un animal de compagnie peut influencer le quotidien d’une personne. Bien que seulement 10 % des personnes en situation d’itinérance vivent avec un animal de compagnie (Irvine & al. 2012 ; Irvine.2013), il est important de cerner le sens qu’elles attribuent à leur relation et comprendre leur contexte situationnel afin de saisir leur réalité. Pour ce faire, cette recherche met en lumière les bénéfices et les contraintes qu’engendrent cette présence et l’influence de ces aspects relationnels sur le processus de désaffiliation sociale dans lequel la personne se situe lorsqu’elle vit dans la rue.
Abstract : This qualitative research explores the reality of street people who share their lives with a dog as a companion. Knowing that the street is a stressful environment filled with hardships, it is possible it is contemplated that living on the street with a pet can considerably influence someone’s life. Considering that it is about 10% of people that live on the street who are having a pet (Irvine 2013), it is important to identify the meaning they attribute to their relationship. To understand their situational context, this research highlights the benefits and constraints of this presence and the influence of these relational aspects on the social disaffiliation process of a person who live on the street with animal.

As extreme poverty and homelessness continue to increase and become more visible in urban centres throughout Canada, it is increasingly more important to develop and critique interventions within the field. This grounded theory study provides and overview of one type of intervention---street outreach programs. It is informed by interviews with front line street outreach workers in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal. It includes an outline of the academic literature on homelessness and street outreach programs and stresses the importance of viewing this social phenomenon through a structural lens. It describes in detail the main aspects of street outreach work, as well as evaluates the greater the political significance of this type of work. Conclusions demonstrate the importance of establishing trusting relationships with clients and working from a structural approach that satisfy peoples immediate needs while addressing the root causes of extreme poverty and oppression.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The tuberculosis is characterized as a serious decease and affect the poorest regions of the world. Brazil occupies the 16th place in absolute numbers of cases. According to the Ministry of Health people on the streets are 67 times more likely to get sick from tuberculosis compared to the general population. This population is characterized by extreme poverty, interrupted or weak family bond and lack of residence, using the public places and degraded areas as their housing and sustenance. In 2011, the Ministry of Health implemented Street Clinic Teams as a care mode linked to primary health care, to address the different demands and health needs of the population in the streets. The teams offer “on the spot” and itinerantly, comprehensive health care for these people. The objective of this study was the analyses of sense production effect of the street clinic teams regarding to the care of people with tuberculosis. It is a qualitative assessment which took place at São Paulo’s central region. Six individuals took part in this study. The inclusion criteria: Team Nurses, Epidemiologic Surveillance Nurses, Technical Assessors who operate within street clinic teams, who agreed on signing the informed consent. A scripted semi-structured interview was applied for data collection, utilizing an audio recorder in all recorded interviews. The results emerged in four discursive blocks: characterization of care; service structure for TB patient’s care; incentives: cure x decease maintenance and the organization of work. The conclusion is that the care model in use by the investigate teams contribute to guaranteeing access to care, thus increasing early diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and cure of tuberculosis among that population.
La tuberculosis es caracterizada como enfermedad grave y acomete las regiones más pobres del mundo, Brasil ocupa el 16a posición en números absoluto de casos. El Ministerio de la Salud apunta que la población en situación de calle tiene de 48 al 67 veces más chances de enfermerse por TB cuando comparada a la población en general. Esta población es caracterizada por la pobreza extrema, bônus familiares interrumpidos o fragiles e inexistencia de hogares, se utiliza de los parques infantiles públicos y áreas degradadas para espacio de viviendas y sustento. Em 2011, El Ministerio de la Salud fue implementado Equipos de Consultorio en la Calle, como una modalidade vinculada a la Atención Primária, para abordar las diferentes demandas y necesidades de salud de la población de la calle. Los equipes ofertan en el locus y de forma itinerante la atención integral a la salud de esas personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analisar los efectos de producción de los sentidos de los equipos de consultorio no cuidado a la persona en la calle con tuberculosis. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, llevada a cabo en la región central de São Paulo. Participaron en el estudio seis sujetos. Los criterios de inclusión: enfermeras (la) equipo, enfermeros (as) responsables de la vigilancia epidemiológica, los gerentes y asesores técnicos que trabajan en los equipos de consultorio en la calle y acordaron firmar el término de consentimiento. Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada para la recolección de datos y la función de grabadora se registraron todas las entrevistas. Los resultados discursivas surgieron cuatro bloques: caracterización de la atención; servicios de la estructura para el cuidado de las personas con tuberculosis; incentivos: curación x mantenimiento cura la enfermedad e la organización del trabajo. La conclusión El modelo de atención utilizado por los equipos investigados, ayudar a asegurar el acceso a la atención, se extiende el diagnóstico precoz, el tratamiento, el seguimiento y la cura de la tuberculosis en esta población.
A tuberculose é caracterizada como doença grave e acomete as regiões mais pobres do mundo. O Brasil ocupa a 16a posição em números absolutos de casos. O Ministério da Saúde aponta que a população em situação de rua tem 67 vezes mais chance de adoecer por tuberculose quando comparada à população em geral. Essa população é caracterizada pela pobreza extrema, vínculos familiares interrompidos ou frágeis e inexistência de residência, utiliza-se dos logradouros públicos e áreas degradadas para espaço de moradia e sustento. Em 2011, o Ministério da Saúde implementou Equipes de Consultório na Rua, como uma modalidade vinculada à Atenção Primária, para abordar as diferentes demandas e necessidades de saúde da população em situação de rua. As equipes ofertam in locu e de forma itinerante a atenção integral à saúde dessas pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da produção de sentido das equipes de consultório na rua no cuidado à pessoa com tuberculose. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada na região central do município de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo seis sujeitos, tendo como critério de inclusão: enfermeiros (as) da equipe, enfermeiros (as) responsáveis pela vigilância epidemiológica, gerentes e assessores técnicos que atuam nas equipes de consultório na rua e de acordo em assinar o termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados e com o recurso de gravador todas as entrevistas foram gravadas. Como resultados emergiram quatro blocos discursivos: caracterização do cuidado; estrutura de serviços para atenção à pessoa com TB; incentivos: cura x manutenção da doença e a organização do trabalho. Concluímos que o modelo de cuidado utilizado pelas equipes investigadas contribui para garantir o acesso ao cuidado, amplia o diagnóstico precoce, tratamento, acompanhamento e cura da tuberculose nessa população.

Homeless individuals in Berlin can be included into the group of people who do something more interesting than architects would ever dream of. With their knowledge of the city and the ability to claim spaces, they create their home within the city context. They use the city and what the city offers, to their advantage and create their homes with what is available in the city. They are not homeless. For the "city users" the city becomes home- the city home.To tell the stories of individuals who make the city their home, this thesis describes the daily routine of several individuals (with insights gained from a two-month internship) and appreciates these people for how they manage to survive somewhat independently on the streets of Berlin.It is argued that these individuals are not future clients for architects. Instead, it is suggested that we --architects, designers, planners, policy-makers, and others – have much to learn from those we consider to be homeless.
Department of Architecture

La ricerca propone un’analisi della discrezionalità professionale esercitata dagli operatori sociali che lavorano maggiormente a contatto con l’utenza e intesi come street-level bureaucrats (Lipsky, 1980/2010). Secondo l’argomentazione sostenuta, l’analisi approfondita delle interazioni tra i diversi attori che avvengono sul piano dell’attuazione di interventi e politiche stabiliti a monte risulta estremamente significativa. Tali interazioni, infatti, consentono di riflettere sulle trasformazioni del welfare, sulle rappresentazioni dei poveri e delle povertà, sui meccanismi di governance, sui ruoli all’interno delle istituzioni e sulle asimmetrie di potere. Le domande generali che hanno mosso lo studio sono: - Cosa produce discrezionalità? - Come viene esercitata tale discrezionalità? - Quali conseguenze produce la discrezionalità sulle vite dei potenziali beneficiari? La ricerca è partita dal presupposto che le istituzioni siano contesto e prodotto degli attori sociali che ne riproducono le strutture introducendovi elementi di mutamento (Giddens, 1984; Crozier, 1963). Inoltre, come osserva Jacques Lagroye (1997, p. 8), ‹‹il rapporto con l’istituzione è prima di tutto il rapporto con colui che impersona un ruolo in un’istituzione››. Il problema più generale entro cui si inserisce l’interesse scientifico del presente lavoro è la condizione di non uniformità e disuguaglianza nell’accesso ai diritti. Ci si propone, dunque, di indagare a quali livelli si giochi tale accesso e quali fattori concorrano a favorirlo oppure ostacolarlo. L’indagine si è focalizzata sui modelli di accoglienza rivolti alle persone senza dimora nella città di Torino. Dal punto di vista metodologico la ricerca combina tecniche tipiche dell’etnografia e dell’analisi organizzativa, in accordo con le indicazioni di Brodkin (2008). In un anno di ricerca sul campo chi scrive si è avvalsa di tecniche di indagine di tipo qualitativo: analisi documentale, osservazione partecipante, interviste semi-strutturate, vignette. Il presente lavoro è strutturato in tre parti di cui quella iniziale è composta da quattro capitoli di taglio teorico in cui sono ricostruite le coordinate utili a orientarsi nella ricerca e a collocarla rispetto allo stato dell’arte delle letterature di riferimento. La seconda parte della tesi è dedicata alla presentazione del caso studio in base agli interrogativi della ricerca, alla ricostruzione della metodologia utilizzata. Nella terza e ultima parte sono discussi gli esiti della ricerca riprendendo gli interrogativi iniziali, nel contesto di un quadro analitico attento a leggere congiuntamente le caratteristiche personali, le traiettorie di vita e professionali dei frontline workers e le interazioni stabilite con i beneficiari. Viene inoltre analizzata la connessione e l’articolazione tra i differenti profili degli operatori e le diverse visioni rispetto alla discrezionalità agita.
The research proposes an analysis of the professional discretion exercised by social workers who work most in contact with clients and understood as street-level bureaucrats (Lipsky, 1980/2010). The in-depth analysis of the interactions between the various actors that take place in terms of the implementation of interventions and policies established upstream is extremely significant. Such interactions allow us to reflect on the transformations of welfare, on the representations of the poor and of poverty, on the mechanisms of governance, on the roles within the institutions and on the asymmetries of power. The general questions that motivated the study are: - What produces discretion? - How is this discretion exercised? - What consequences does discretion have on the lives of potential beneficiaries? The research started from the assumption that institutions are the context and product of social actors who reproduce their structures by introducing elements of change (Giddens, 1984; Crozier, 1963). Moreover, as Jacques Lagroye (1997, p. 8) observes, "the relationship with the institution is first and foremost the relationship with the one who plays a role in an institution". The most general problem into which the scientific interest of the present work fits is the condition of non-uniformity and inequality in access to rights. It is proposed, therefore, to investigate at what levels this access is played out and what factors contribute to favouring or hindering it. The survey focused on the models of reception aimed at homeless people in the city of Turin. From a methodological point of view, the research combines techniques typical of ethnography and organizational analysis, in accordance with the indications of Brodkin (2008). In a year of field research, the writer has used qualitative investigation techniques: documentary analysis, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, vignette. The present work is structured in three parts, the initial part of which is composed of four theoretical chapters. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation of the case study based on the questions of the research, the reconstruction of the methodology used. In the last part, the results of the research are discussed.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior
Entre as tecnologias utilizadas em enfermagem tem-se, na assistÃncia à pessoa cega, a tecnologia assistiva (TA). O desenvolvimento e uso deste tipo de tecnologia pode ser uma ferramenta na promoÃÃo da saÃde e no fornecimento de informaÃÃes que visem uma melhoria no processo de comunicaÃÃo em saÃde. Estudo anterior desenvolveu uma TA em saÃde sobre a prevenÃÃo ao uso de drogas psicoativas entre cegos, mediada pelo acesso a distÃncia. Ante a aceitaÃÃo da TA, decidiu-se por um estudo de aprofundamento e avaliaÃÃo desta TA por parte de especialistas. Dos diversos modelos, o de Pasquali (1999) apresenta-se como um referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico possÃvel para a avaliaÃÃo de tecnologias, optando-se, neste estudo, por seguir as fases do pÃlo teÃrico elaborado por este autor. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a referida TA em alguns pontos, como: aspectos de conteÃdo sobre drogas psicoativas; aspectos pedagÃgicos, relativos à acessibilidade Ãs pessoas cegas; e aspectos tÃcnicos, concernentes Ãs questÃes do acesso a distÃncia. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliaÃÃo de tecnologia, descritivo, realizado entre marÃo e setembro de 2009, contando com a infra-estrutura do LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde da Universidade Federal do Cearà (LabCom_SaÃde-UFC). Participaram nove juÃzes especialistas, no total de trÃs para cada respectiva Ãrea de conteÃdo sobre drogas, educaÃÃo especial com Ãnfase em educaÃÃo de cegos e acesso a distÃncia. Cada grupo de juÃzes trabalhou uma etapa e estas foram sucessivas, pois estes profissionais faziam suas avaliaÃÃes, a pesquisadora promovia os ajustes, os quais, em seguida, eram submetidos novamente à avaliaÃÃo dos profissionais. ConstruÃram-se trÃs instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo cujos itens versavam sobre especificidades de cada uma das referidas Ãreas e seus itens, valorados de um a quatro, assim definidos: adequado, parcialmente adequado, inadequado e nÃo se aplica. Todos os juÃzes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Sobre as avaliaÃÃes, as dos especialistas em conteÃdo apontaram para a qualidade do conteÃdo da TA e eles solicitaram ajustes de correÃÃo ortogrÃfica, aprimoramento de alguns conceitos e clarificaÃÃo de termos tÃcnicos. Quanto aos juÃzes de aspectos pedagÃgicos, avaliaram todos os itens como adequados. Apesar disso, sugeriram melhoria nos sintetizadores de voz, ferramentas necessÃrias à acessibilidade do cego ao computador, e tambÃm a inclusÃo de um Ãudio convidando os internautas a acessarem a tecnologia. Finalmente, os juÃzes de aspectos tÃcnicos apontaram a necessidade de inclusÃo de ferramentas grÃficas e de multimÃdia. Tais sugestÃes nÃo foram prontamente acatadas por contradizerem de certa forma a literatura referente a aspectos de acesso a distÃncia por pessoas cegas. Diante de todas estas consideraÃÃes, acredita-se que a TA foi devidamente avaliada como um meio viÃvel e seguro de fornecimento de informaÃÃes em saÃde sobre drogas psicoativas para pessoas cegas. Deste modo, como detalhado, a pessoa cega pode acessÃ-la individualmente, apreciÃ-la quando desejar e quantas vezes se fizer necessÃrio. Julgou-se a TA interessante, colaborativa no processo de aprendizagem e ferramenta Ãtil na promoÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo em saÃde mediada pelo acesso a distÃncia. As sugestÃes colaboraram para fortalecer a acessibilidade da referida tecnologia.
Technologies for nursing care delivery to blind people include assistive technology (AT). The development and use of this type of technology can be a tool for health promotion and information provision with a view to improving the health communication process. An earlier study developed a health AT on the prevention of psychoactive drugs consumption among blind people, mediated by distance access. As the AT was accepted, the researchers decided to subject it to a deeper expert assessment study. Among different options, Pasqualiâs (1999) model is a possible theoretical-methodological reference framework for technology assessment. In this study, the phases of the theoretical pole elaborated by this author will be followed. Thus, the goal was to assess some points of the AT, such as: aspects of content on psychoactive drugs; pedagogical aspects related to accessibility for blind people; and technical aspects related to distance access issues. A descriptive technology assessment research was carried out between March and September 2009, using the infrastructure of the Health Communication Laboratory at Cearà Federal University (LabcomSaÃde-UFC). Nine expert judges participated, totalling three for each respective area of content about drugs, special education with emphasis on education for the blind and distance access. Each group of judges worked on one phase, with one phase following the other, as these professionals elaborated their assessments, the researcher made adjustments, which were then resubmitted to the professionalsâ assessment. Three assessment instruments were constructed, whose items addressed specificities of each area and its items, with scores ranging from one to four, defined as follows: adequate, partially adequate, inadequate and does not apply. All judges signed the Free and Informed Consent Term. The content expertsâ assessments pointed towards the quality of the ATâs content and requested orthographic corrections, improvements in some concepts and clarifications of technical terms. The pedagogical aspect judges considered all aspects as adequate. Nevertheless, they suggested improvements in voice synthesizers, tools needed for the blind to have computer access, as well as the inclusion of audio material, inviting participants to access the technology. Finally, the technical aspect judges indicated the need to include graphic and multimedia tools. These suggestions were not readily accepted because, in a sense, they go against literature on aspects of distance access by blind people. In view of all of these considerations, the AT was properly assessed as a viable and afe means for health information provision about psychoactive drugs to blind people. Thus, as detailed, blind people can access the AT individually, whenever and as many times as they want. The technology was considered interesting, collaborating in the learning process and a useful tool for health promotion and communication mediated by distance access. The suggestions collaborated to strengthen access to this technology

This cross-sectional study looks at the health profiles of street children both in institutions and on the street between May and November 1989. The former group had a clinical examination, with blood and urine investigations done where possible; the latter group were only interviewed. 159 street children were interviewed of whom 47 were interviewed on the street. 73 children had clinical examinations; 64 of these had blood and urine investigations. The age range was 8 years to 19.8 years. 18.2% were females and 28.3% were black. 59,6% of those interviewed on the street had not been in an institution or shelter for street children. 27, 2% of the total group had been on the street for more 3 years. 3 7, 1 % perceived colds and chest complaints as their main physical health problem. This was confirmed by the fact that 69,2% had a history of respiratory problems. 44,7% said that they would go to a hospital if they injured themselves or were ill; however, 36,5% said they would not use or get any medication for problems such as a headache or a bad cold. 37·, 7% of children used a hospital while they were on street but 59, 7% had not used any facility while on the street. Most street children (72,8%) washed themselves at least occasionally and 61% washed their clothes. 47,2% had suffered trauma significant enough to seek hospital attention. 56% had skin problems (including lice and scabies) while on the street. 15,7% complained of visual problems and 10,7% complained of reduced hearing. Dental problems appeared to be of major concern with 37,7% complaining of either toothache or dental caries (23,3% had obvious caries on examination). 73,4% admitted to solvent abuse, 49,9% had never taken alcohol and 12,7% had never smoked. 43% had tried dagga, 10,8% white pipe (mixture of dagga and "Mandrax" which is smoked) and only 7,6% "Mandrax" alone. 10, 9% of boys and 10, 0% of girls indicated that they had been sexually exploited. Of the 67 examined 32,8% were below 90% of expected height for age, 44,8% were below 80% of expected weight for age and 8,6% had a circumference of head below 95% of standard. There is a 9,4% Hepatitis Bs ag carrier rate. No HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) antibodies were detected in 64 sera tested. On the basis of these results, the following are recommended: 1) Improving accessibility of health care resources. 2) Improving the availability of health care resources. 3)· Initiating contacts with street children by employing field health workers. 4) Drawing up a health care policy for street children institutions and field care workers. 5) Limit venereal disease management to single dose treatment where possible. 6) Further studies need to be undertaken in the following areas: - solvent abuse - utilisation of health care resources utilisation institutions of street children shelters and Further breakdown of habits, physical problems and results of examinations are presented.

Master of Public Health - MPH
Urban health policy has remained a neglected area in India. The homeless remain the most deprived, neglected and stigmatized group amongst the urban poor. While they suffer from a large burden of disease, there are a variety of reasons that prevent them from accessing the available health care services – particularly in the public health sector. Some interventions by concerned non-governmental organisations have attempted to circumvent the barriers to health care access faced by the homeless but these have not been well documented or assessed. This study seeks to establish both the barriers and facilitating factors for access to health care and health care seeking amongst adult street dwellers in an area of New Delhi which is known for a high concentration of homeless persons. Using a qualitative approach 18 adult street dwellers (both male and female) were individually interviewed – along with 6 key informants working in the public and non-governmental health sector. This was accompanied by a process of participant-observation. The results were analyzed by identifying recurrent themes associated with barriers and facilitating factors for access to health care by the homeless, following which a set of recommendations related to the homeless, have been developed so as to inform those working in the public health sector. In terms of ethics, informed consent was taken from each interviewee and they were explicitly given the option not to participate without adverse consequences to themselves. If any participant was found with acute health problems immediate assistance was facilitated. The study reveals a number of barriers faced by the homeless in attempting to access health care services. While minor ailments are taken care of by local private practitioners, they need to access public health care services for major problems. There they encounter many barriers due to the lack of money, delays and being shunted from place to place. Moreover, they are not able to get admission for reasons such as lack of address and the lack of an attendant. Facilitating factors include assistance for transportation, facilitation of admissions, arranging money for out of pocket expenditures on drugs and consumables, arranging blood and providing after-care. The role of social contacts in enabling access is also demonstrated through this study. The recommendations that emerge from the study are intended to assist in policy advocacy towards a comprehensive health care system for them, as well as assist health care providers to provide a better service for homeless people.

The aim of this study was to explore the Health Service Utilization (HSU) of homeless people in Dublin. In particular, it sought to identify a critical realist explanatory model for why the HSU of homeless people differs from that of the general population. Critical realist (CR) ethnography was used as the research methodology and was supplemented with forty-seven semi-structured interviews and two focus groups. The HSU of homeless participants in Dublin is described. When compared to the domiciled population, homeless people were found to have a tendency to present late on in their illness, to have higher utilization of primary care services and lower utilization of secondary care services and to avoid psychiatric services. The factors that influenced participants HSU tendency are identified as external or internal influences on HSU. External factors are described as physical, administrative or attitudinal barriers or deterrents; or external promoters of health service usage. Internalised inhibitors and promoters are illustrated as either cognitions or emotions that are developed in reaction to external circumstances and which either negatively or positively impact on health service usage. Interactions between health professionals and participants that resulted in exclusion (by the health professional or self-exclusion) are described as Conversations of Exclusion. A critical realist model was outlined that offers an explanation for why homeless people’s HSU differs from that of the general population in Dublin. This model included a description of the generative mechanisms identified as producing the HSU tendencies in the study population. The implications of this new model are discussed in the light of the literature and previous models that seek to explain the HSU of homeless people.

In 2007, one current and two former sex workers, Amy Lebovitch, Terri-Jean Bedford and Valerie Scott launched a charter challenge, Bedford v Canada, arguing that the prostitution provisions criminalizing bawdy houses (section 210), living on the avails (section 212 (1)(j)) and communicating for the purposes of prostitution (section 213.1 (c)) violated their section 7 rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Six years later, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled unanimously to strike down all three challenged laws, leaving a one-year period to construct a new regime on prostitution. On December 6, 2014, the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act (PCEPA) came into effect, criminalizing, for the first time, prostitution in Canada and introducing a law that replicates many of the provisions of the previous regime. This thesis uses semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis to examine the experiences of nine street-based sex workers in Ottawa, paying particular attention to experiences after the introduction of the new law. Drawing on the work of Mead & Blumer’s symbolic interactionism theory and Goffman’s concept of stigma the thesis examines how embedded stereotypes in legislation ‘play out’ in the lives of sex workers. I argue that the interactions of sex workers in Ottawa are conditioned by stereotypical assumptions which in turn lead to their broader discrimination and marginalization. This study concludes by finding that the first objective of PCEPA, to protect those who sell their own sexual services, has not been met; instead, PCEPA has resulted in street-based sex workers in Ottawa assuming more risk, and in turn, facing more danger while on the job.

La dialogie a été développée dans les années 1920 par Mikhaïl Bakhtine, théoricien russe de la littérature. Il a développé ce concept afin d’étudier les oeuvres de Dostoïevski, avant de l’étendre plus généralement à la communication. Dans le contexte artistique, la dialogie se manifeste à travers la représentation de dialogues, favorisant une description dense et des réponses non totalisantes. Dans la photographie documentaire, l’auteur.e adopte une approche dialogique, en reconnaissant l'autre comme un sujet autonome. L'oeuvre résulte d'une interaction constante avec les interlocuteur.ice.s du terrain. Cette thèse explore l'approche dialogique dans la photographie documentaire à travers une perspective ethnographique, méthodologique et épistémologique. La première partie se concentre sur mon terrain de 2012 à 2017 avec un groupe de "zonard.e.s" : le projet ZONE 54. La seconde partie établit des liens entre les principes de la dialogie, le projet ZONE 54, et d'autres documentaires dialogiques de photographes tels qu’Allan Sekula, Susan Meiselas, Marc Pataut et Gilles Saussier
Dialogy was developed in the 1920s by the Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin. He developed the concept in order to study the works of Dostoyevsky, before extending it more generally to communication. In the artistic context, dialogy entails the representation of dialogues, favoring thick description and non-totalizing responses. In documentary photography, the author adopts a dialogic approach, recognizing the other as an autonomous subject. Dialogic works promote sustained interaction with the interlocutors in the field.This thesis explores the dialogic approach in documentary photography from an ethnographic, methodological and epistemological perspective. The first part focuses on my own fieldwork from 2012 to 2017 with a group of "zonard.e.s": the ZONE 54 project. The second part links the fundamental principles of dialogy, the ZONE 54 project, and other dialogic documentary works by such photographers as Allan Sekula, Susan Meiselas, Marc Pataut and Gilles Saussier

The value of property studies of a considerable time span is undisputed and yet such investigations are rare. Keene's Survey of Medieval Winchester is a notable exception. That project focused on the medieval period and ended in 1550 and so remained divorced from the present experience. This thesis brings the study of property histories into immediate relevance by bridging the early modem and modern period and by formulating a blueprint methodology for the study of property histories. The methodology has been tempered by application to a sizeable case study: all the properties in Winchester High Street. These tenement histories form an appendix. This study has great relevance to the study of other local and urban historical environments. Winchester High Street was the backbone of Hampshire's county town, both economically and topographically. The interrelationship between its structures and their use has been explored using a range of methodological approaches. The successful linkage of primary source material has established shifting occupational and spatial trends over a long time span.

This study focused on stress and resilience among teachers in 15 urban secondary schools serving areas of multiple and complex disadvantage in the Greater Manchester and Merseyside regions of England (UK). It utilised the mixed-methods approach to gather and analyse the data. This consisted of a questionnaire survey of 150 teachers and interviews of 20 teachers. It examined person characteristics of teachers in these schools; key stress risks in the schools; coping strategies employed by these teachers and their protective factors. The main quantitative analysis methodologies used in the study were descriptive analysis; factor analysis and regression analysis. Qualitative findings were analysed using thematic analysis and teacher pen portrait and school case study presentations. Integrative analysis of quantitative and qualitative findings was then conducted in the discussion of main findings. This study found that the teachers’ major force characteristics were self-efficacy; persistence; personal attitudes towards one’s job; personality and temperament and commitment to the job. Their main resource characteristic was experience while their major demand characteristic was their professional role. These teachers were also exposed to person, proximal processes, context and time risks. There were risks associated with force and demand person characteristics. The main process risks were within their interactions with pupils, parents, colleagues and senior management. There were also context risks in their microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem. There were also time risks across the microtime, mesotime and macrotime. To cope, teachers in this sample utilised both direct-action and palliative coping strategies. Results also indicated that these teachers’ protective factors were in their resource and force characteristics; proximal processes; context and time.

The main goal of this thesis is to explore the inter-basin connection between the eastern and the western Mediterranean (E- and W-Med, respectively) during the last deglacial and Holocene periods (last 15 kyr). The thesis is based on the study of a sediment core recovered at the west flank of Sicily channel (W-Sicily), strategically located under the current path of the surface Atlantic waters and directly below the present-day hydrographic boundary layer between the Eastern Mediterranean Sourced Water (EMSW) and the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW). This key location allow to explore past changes in both surface and deep water exchange between the E and the W-Med. In this thesis, a combination of several analytical tools are presented to provide information of different oceanographic variables: (i) Physical and chemmical sea water properites have been inferred trough the analysis of microfossil assemblages, stable isotopes and trace elements in both planktic and benthic foraminifera; (ii) Dynamics of sediment supply have been based on grain-size, elemental geochemical composition and sediment rate analysis; (iii) Changes in the export rates of EMSW have been studied through the analysis of 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios (eNd) in planktic foraminifera coatings, a novel quantitative tracer of water mass provenance. One of the most outstanding results of this thesis has been the identification of an intensified EMSW flow at W-Sicily during the Younger Dryas (YD, 12.95-11.65 kyr BP). In this thesis is presented by the first time, solid evidence of a previous hypothesised enhanced YD deep-water interconnection between the E-and the W-Med. This situation is here atributted to the combined effect of; 1) the weakening of the W-Med deep-water convection associated with the simultaneous formation of the Organic Rich Layer (ORL) and 2) enhanced convection in the Aegean and Levantine basins favoured by the prevailing YD cold and arid conditions. It is also here proposed that this enhanced western flow of EMSW, ceased the stagnation at ~900m in the Alboran Sea that had initiated with the last ORL. At the same time, probably to balance the high outflow of the EMSW through the Strait of Sicily, the data here generated is consistent with an increased flow of Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) entering into the E-Med. The new produced Nd data also allows to quantify by the first time a substantial weakening in the westward flow of EMSW (16% ± 6) during the last sapropel interval (S1, from 10.5 to 7 kyr BP). This limited exit of EMSW through the Strait of Sicily might have ended in lesser MAW flowing towards the E-Med, resulting in a reduced influence of this surface water at the studied area, as is reflected in the planktonic foraminifera assemblage. As a consequence, the predominant climatic conditions that prevailed in central-southern Europe during the S1 interval played an essential role, conditioning the surface hydrology and promoting intense seasonality at the W-Sicily, characterized by intense winter mixing and stratified warm summers. The characterization of deep water properties allows, by the first time, to propose that these climatic conditions led to the formation of a western sourced anomalous high salinity intermediate-water during the last phase of the S1 (S1b, from ~8.2 to ~7 kyr BP), likely produced in the Tyrrhenian Sea area. The reactivation of the interconnection between the E- and W-Med took place about 1 kyr before the absolute end of the S1 (6.1 kyr cal. BP), suggesting the end of the eastern basin stagnant conditions at intermediate depths, while the re-ventilation of the deep basin would have taken longer.

The main goal of this thesis is to explore the inter-basin connection between the eastern and the western Mediterranean (E- and W-Med, respectively) during the last deglacial and Holocene periods (last 15 kyr). The thesis is based on the study of a sediment core recovered at the west flank of Sicily channel (W-Sicily), strategically located under the current path of the surface Atlantic waters and directly below the present-day hydrographic boundary layer between the Eastern Mediterranean Sourced Water (EMSW) and the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW). This key location allow to explore past changes in both surface and deep water exchange between the E and the W-Med. In this thesis, a combination of several analytical tools are presented to provide information of different oceanographic variables: (i) Physical and chemmical sea water properites have been inferred trough tha analysis of microfossil assemblages, stable isotopes and trace elements in both planktic and benthic foraminifera; (ii) Dynamics of sediment supply have been based on grain-size, elemental geochemical composition and sediment rate analysis; (iii) Changes in the export rates of EMSW have been studied through the analysis of 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios (eNd) in planktic foraminifera coatings, a novel quantitative tracer of water mass provenance. One of the most outstanding results of this thesis has been the identification of an intensified EMSW flow at W-Sicily during the Younger Dryas (YD, 12.95-11.65 kyr BP). In this thesis is presented by the first time, solid evidence of a previous hypothesised enhanced YD deep-water interconnection between the E-and the W-Med. This situation is here atributted to the combined effect of; 1) the weakening of the W-Med deep-water convection associated with the simultaneous formation of the Organic Rich Layer (ORL) and 2) enhanced convection in the Aegean and Levantine basins favoured by the prevailing YD cold and arid conditions. It is also here proposed that this enhanced western flow of EMSW, ceased the stagnation at ~900m in the Alboran Sea that had initiated with the last ORL. At the same time, probably to balance the high outflow of the EMSW through the Strait of Sicily, the data here generated is consistent with an increased flow of Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) entering into the E-Med. The new produced eNd data also allows to quantify by the first time a substantial weakening in the westward flow of EMSW (16% ± 6) during the last sapropel interval (S1, from 10.5 to 7 kyr BP). This limited exit of EMSW through the Strait of Sicily might have ended in lesser MAW flowing towards the E-Med, resulting in a reduced influence of this surface water at the studied area, as is reflected in the planktonic foraminifera assemblage. As a consequence, the predominant climatic conditions that prevailed in central-southern Europe during the S1 interval played an essential role, conditioning the surface hydrology and promoting intense seasonality at the W-Sicily, characterized by intense winter mixing and stratified warm summers. The characterization of deep water properties allows, by the first time, to propose that these climatic conditions led to the formation of a western sourced anomalous high salinity intermediate-water during the last phase of the S1 (S1b, from ~8.2 to ~7 kyr BP), likely produced in the Tyrrhenian Sea area. The reactivation of the interconnection between the E- and W-Med took place about 1 kyr before the absolute end of the S1 (6.1 kyr cal. BP), suggesting the end of the eastern basin stagnant conditions at intermediate depths, while the re-ventilation of the deep basin would have taken longer.

Generating functions are important tools that are used in many areas of mathematics and especially statistics. Besides analyzing the general structure of sequences and their asymptotic behavior
these functions, which can be roughly thought as the transformation of sequences into functions, are also used effciently to solve combinatorial problems. In this thesis, the effects of the transformations of generating functions on their corresponding sequences and the effects of the change in sequences on the generating functions are examined. With these knowledge, the generating functions for the resulting sequence of some combinatorial problems such as number of partitions, number of involutions, Fibonacci numbers and Catalan numbers are found. Moreover, some mathematical identities are proved by using generating functions. The sequences are the bases of especially symmetric key cryptosystems in cryptography. It is seen that by using generating functions, linear complexities and periods of sequences generated by constant coeffcient linear homogeneous recursions, which are used in linear feedback shift register (LFSR) based stream ciphers, can be calculated. Hence studying generating functions leads to have a better understanding in them. Therefore, besides combinatorial problems, such recursions are also examined and the results are used to observe the linear complexity and the period of LFSR&rsquo
s combined in different ways to generate &ldquo
better&rdquo
system of stream cipher.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
A enfermagem lanÃa mÃo de diversas estratÃgias e tecnologias com o intuito de inserir a pessoa cega no contexto da promoÃÃo da saÃde. Por utilizarem predominantemente papel e tinta, ilustraÃÃes e/ou imagens televisivas, os programas de prevenÃÃo e combate Ãs drogas limitam o acesso da clientela cega à informaÃÃo. Dentre as tecnologias viÃveis para promoÃÃo da saÃde està a Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). Os jogos adaptados aos cegos aparecem como possibilidade de educÃ-lo de um modo diferente, associando o lÃdico com a captaÃÃo de informaÃÃes e, consequentemente, de conhecimento, sendo considerada uma Tecnologia Assistiva e, assim contribuir para sensibilizaÃÃo acerca da temÃtica, colaborando para que a promoÃÃo da saÃde seja uma educaÃÃo permanente. Dessa forma, objetivou-se desenvolver uma tecnologia assistiva na modalidade de jogo educativo acessÃvel ao cego sobre o uso de drogas psicoativas e avaliar a referida tecnologia por especialistas em educaÃÃo especial e por pessoas cegas. Trata-se de um estudo de construÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo de tecnologia assistiva, realizado entre junho e agosto de 2010, no LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde da Universidade Federal do Cearà (LabCom_SaÃde-UFC). Participaram do estudo trÃs especialistas em educaÃÃo especial e doze cegos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em trÃs etapas metodolÃgicas: construÃÃo do jogo educativo, avaliaÃÃo pelos especialistas em educaÃÃo especial e avaliaÃÃo pelos cegos. Para a avaliaÃÃo utilizou-se instrumento elaborado na forma de escala de Likert. Os itens deste foram divididos em adequado, parcialmente adequado, inadequado e nÃo se aplica. A primeira versÃo da tecnologia assistiva, VersÃo Alfa, foi avaliada pelos trÃs especialistas que deram suas sugestÃes, as quais foram acatadas quando pertinentes. ApÃs os ajustes, a segunda versÃo do jogo, VersÃo Beta, foi avaliada pelos especialistas, atà que nÃo houvesse mais ajustes. Em seguida, a VersÃo Beta foi avaliada por trÃs duplas de cegos que jogaram o jogo, e assim, fizeram sugestÃes, que quando pertinentes foram incorporadas. A nova versÃo do jogo, VersÃo Gama, foi avaliada pelas Ãltimas trÃs duplas de cegos. A etapa de avaliaÃÃo pelos jogadores cegos foi filmada, para facilitar a coleta de dados. Todos os participantes do estudo assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A versÃo Alfa foi apresentada aos especialistas e estes apontaram sugestÃes sobre a dimensÃo do tabuleiro, aspectos relacionados à textura das casas do tabuleiro, peÃas do jogo, como diferenciaÃÃo dos pinos, qualidade da escrita em Braille e descriÃÃo das instruÃÃes do jogo. ApÃs os ajustes, construiu-se a versÃo Beta, novamente avaliada pelos especialistas, que a consideraram adequada. Procedeu-se a avaliaÃÃo dos participantes cegos, os quais apontaram aspectos relacionados à textura das casas e sugeriram colocaÃÃo de velcro em cada casa para fixaÃÃo do pino no decorrer das jogada. Realizado os ajustes, deu-se continuidade a avaliaÃÃo pelas Ãltimas trÃs duplas, as quais consideraram a TA adequada. Evidenciou-se o interesse e curiosidade dos participantes pelo jogo, alÃm de incentivar aplicaÃÃo com idades menores do que a estipulada pelo estudo. Diante das consideraÃÃes, o jogo educativo à considerado uma TA para a pessoa cega e foi avaliado de forma positiva, pois, permite o acesso a informaÃÃo sobre drogas psicoativas, de maneira lÃdica. A TA despertou a vontade e o desejo dos cegos em descobrir como seria jogar este tipo de jogo. Foi considerada relevante para o processo ensino-aprendizagem, sendo Ãtil, assim, na promoÃÃo da saÃde destas pessoas ao constituir nova ferramenta de utilizaÃÃo da enfermagem para desempenhar sua funÃÃo de educador.
Nursing uses different strategies and technologies to insert blind people in the health promotion context. As these predominantly use paper and ink, illustrations and/or television images, programs to prevent and combat drugs limit blind clientsâ information access. Feasible technologies for health promotion include Assistive Technology (AT). Games adapted to the blind represent a different education possibility, associating the playful with information collection and, hence, with knowledge, so that they are considered an Assistive Technology and contribute to awareness-raising on the theme, collaborating to turn health promotion into permanent education. Thus, the goal was the development of an Assistive Technology in the form of an educational game on psychoactive drugs use, accessible to the blind, and the assessment of this technology by special education specialists and blind people. An assistive technology construction and assessment study was carried out between June and August 2010 at the Health Communication Laboratory of the Federal University of Cearà (LabCom_SaÃde-UFC). Study participants were three special education specialists and twelve blind people. The research involved three methodological phases: construction of the educational game, assessment by special education specialists and assessment by the blind. For assessment purposes, an instrument was elaborated in the form of a Likert scale. Items were divided into adequate, partially adequate, inadequate and does not apply. The three specialists assessed the first version of the assistive technology, Version Alpha, and made suggestions, which were accepted when pertinent. After the adjustments, the specialists assessed the second version of the game, Version Beta, until no further adjustments were needed. Next, three pairs of blind people played the game and assessed Version Beta and, thus, made suggestions, which were incorporated when pertinent. The last three pairs of blind people assessed the new version of the game, Version Gamma. The evaluation phase by the blind people was filmed to facilitate data collection. All study participants signed the Free and Informed Consent Term. Version Alpha was presented to the specialists, who formulated suggestions on the dimension of the board, aspects related to the texture of the board spaces, game pawns, such as the distinction among the pawns, quality of Braille writing and description of the game instructions. After the adjustments, version Beta was constructed and again assessed by the specialists, who considered it adequate. Next, the blind participantsâ assessed the game, appointed aspects related to the texture of the spaces and suggested using Velcro in each space to fix the pawn during the moves. After making the adjustments, the assessment continued with the last three pairs, who considered the AT adequate. The participantsâ interest and curiosity in the game was evidenced, besides encouraging the application of the game to younger ages than determined in the research. In view of these considerations, the educational game is considered an AT for the blind and was assessed positively, as it permits access to information on psychoactive drugs in a playful way. The AT aroused the blind peopleâs will and desire to discover what it would be like to play this type of game. It was considered relevant for the teaching-learning process and is thus useful to promote these peopleâs health, constituting a new tool for nursing to use in its educational function.

Dès la naissance de la psychanalyse, des liens étroits et indissociables se tissent entre cette science de l’homme et la littérature. Alors que la contribution de la psychanalyse à la littérature occidentale est amplement reconnue, son apport à la littérature chinoise ne semble pas être aussi évident. La présente thèse a pour objectif de discerner son apport à la littérature chinoise de la Nouvelle période. Dans les années 1980, la Chine, animée par une grande soif de connaissances inédites, s’est de nouveau intéressée à l’Occident. Avec les débats littéraires sur la subjectivité et sur le modernisme, Freud est devenu un nom qui a suscité un intérêt hors du commun. Bien des écrivains, de manière consciente ou inconsciente, se sont servis de la pensée freudienne dans leur création. Dans les années 1990, la diffusion du féminisme en Chine a conduit une nouvelle fois un certain nombre de femmes écrivains à découvrir les théories psychanalytiques, notamment celles des psychanalystes féministes (Hélène Cixous, Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, entre autres). Le présent travail, basé sur la lecture d’une trentaine d’œuvres romanesques de treize auteurs, tente de souligner et d’analyser le discours psychanalytique qui s’y présente par cinq grandes thématiques résonnant avec la psychanalyse : le stream of consciousness et la représentation des rêves ; l’écriture de la sexualité et du corps ; les relations familiales examinées sous l’angle de la perspective psychanalytique ; la narration du trauma ; les figures du psychologue
Since the birth of psychoanalysis, close and inseparable links have been forged between this science of man and literature. While the influence of psychoanalysis on Western literature is widely recognized, its contribution to Chinese literature does not seem to be so obvious. The purpose of this thesis is to discern its contribution to Chinese literature of the New Period. In the 1980s, China, driven by a thirst for new knowledge, was again attracted by the West. With the literary debates on subjectivity and modernism, Freud has become a name that has aroused extraordinary interest. Many writers, consciously or unconsciously, have incorporated Freudian thoughts in their creation. In the 1990s, the spread of feminism in China led once again a number of women writers to discover psychoanalytic theories, especially those of feminist psychoanalysts (Hélène Cixous, Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, among others). The present dissertation, based on the reading of over thirty novels by thirteen authors, attempts to underline and analyze the psychoanalytic discourse present in these works through the study of five major subjects resonating with psychoanalysis : the stream of consciousness and the representation of dreams; the writing of sexuality and body; family relationships examined from a psychoanalytic perspective; the narrative of trauma; the figures of psychologist

Indigenous self-determination is a spectre haunting colonial settler states. Struggles for land, cultural rights and sovereignty challenge governments built on dispossession, plunder and genocide. As the neoliberal phase of capitalism and its push for greater resource extraction pushes the planet to ecocide, Indigenous communities and their environmental ontologies offer solutions to catastrophic ecological and social crisis. This comparative thesis examines campaigns for Indigenous sovereignty in Bolivia and Australia and briefly explores the topic of Indigenous-led answers to the climate crisis. This study is inspired by a visit to Bolivia in 2006 and a motivation to deepen an understanding around Indigenous struggles in Australia. Bolivia is a focal point for this research because its ‘government of the social movements’ (Achtenberg 2015, para 6) is an experiment in Indigenous emancipation. In Australia, Aboriginal activists Pat Eatock and Ray Jackson encouraged my research around local campaigns. Engaging and convincing, Aunty Pat and Uncle Ray lived by a ‘political commitment to take up the side of the oppressed and exploited’ (Kinsman 2008, para 4). A good deal of intellectual and activist work on Indigenous self-determination employs a contrastive framework. Drawing out similarities and differences across nation-state boundaries clarifies colonial strategies and strengthens a global solidarity response. However, there is a scholarship emphasis towards the global north due to the domination of imperialist narratives. This explains why self-determination studies within Australia do not feature research on Bolivia’s sovereignty model. The research fills a gap within scholarly texts, because, as yet, no comparison between Bolivian Indigenous resistance and Indigenous Australian struggles exists. Research road map This investigation starts with an introduction, delves into the research’s theoretical and methodological approach, divides into three chapters and concludes. Each chapter compares Bolivia and Australia’s three structural pillars that form the basis of Indigenous self-determination: land, cultural rights and self-governance bodies. The concluding chapter assesses and compares the strengths and weaknesses of First Nation struggles in each country. The research finds that Indigenous sovereignty battles have benefited from coalitions between Indigenous and socialist forces in ‘black-red’ alliances (coalitions between Indigenous, communists and socialist forces) (Townsend 2009, p.5). Finally, an emancipatory vision of Indigenous self-determination, based on battle models within Australia and Bolivia, is proffered. Theoretical framework and methodological approach This investigation fuses Indigenous cosmological tenets and a Marxist philosophical framework. It engages a participatory activist research methodology through engagement with and interviews from Indigenous and mestizo activists and scholars. The research finds commonality between Marxist philosophical foundations and aspects of Indigenous ontologies. Marxism was the theoretical child of Western liberal thought, which hosted a range of pro-colonial positions. In comparison, Karl Marx critiqued colonialism’s enslavement of Aboriginal people (Marx 1867 p. 531). Marx and Friedrich Engels developed Marxism’s philosophical and scientific tenets — dialectics and materialism - arguing the material world is primary and provable. Marxism’s dialectics notes ‘an interconnected, eternal motion existing within all phenomena’ (Engels 1873-1886, para 1) (Marx and Engels 1869, para 4) (Engels 1896, para 4, 5). That is, A equals A, and non-A. Dialectics is built upon in Indigenous Bolivian Aymara philosophies. Aymaran ‘trivalent logic’ is the Indigenous Bolivia’s hyper-dialectical cosmological tenet. Trivalent logic advances the Marxist dialectic, through adding one more recognised dimension. The Aymaran ‘plurivalence’ is neither formalistic nor absolutist. It is neither A nor B, but can be A, B, or C. Another commonality between Marxism and Indigenous cosmologies are their ecological positions. The emphasis on a communitarian ethic in both Marx’s writings and Indigenous approaches point to additional parallelisms. However, a key contrasting tenet of Marxism to Indigenous spirituality, is its scientific approach – it’s materialism. However, this study concludes that a Marxist approach and Indigenous cosmologies host more similar ideas and concepts than oppositional ones, and so fuses both frameworks. The participatory action research method situates this study within an empowerment frame. Colonisation attempts to silence Indigenous people. Therefore, this study features the judgements of Murri elder Ken Canning, active in the Sydney based Indigenous Social Justice Association, alongside Gumbaynggirr man Roxley Foley, and Zachary Joseph Wone, from the Kabi Kabi Nation of the Dundaburra clan. All the Bolivian interviewees, Enrique Castana Ballivian, Odalis Zuazo and Pablo Regalsky work within Indigenous communities, or publish articles about land management and Indigenous rights. Complications in comparisons This research uncovers a difficulty in comparing self-determination battles in Australia and Bolivia. Bolivia was colonised by Spain, Australia, by Britain. Bolivia holds the highest percentage of indigenous people of any nation in the Western hemisphere – 42% (Fontana 2013 para 3), (TeleSur 2015, para 2). Yet only 2.8% of the population identify as Indigenous in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017, para 1). Australia is a rich imperialist country, while Bolivia is part of the exploited, impoverished third world. However, this study reveals, Indigenous Australian and Bolivian communities confront common enemies. Imperialism’s profit motive targets homelands, kinships and organisations. In this, the two resistance struggles interlink. Struggles for land in Bolivia and Australia An examination of Bolivia and Australia’s land rights battles in the neoliberal phase uncover more differences than similarities. Bolivia’s struggles proved more powerful, ending with the election of President Evo Morales, who leads an Indigenous government. However, a constant between the two nations struggles was the critical role of the black-red alliances. In Australia, the modern land rights movement was sparked by Aboriginal labourers strike in 1946–1949, in the Pilbara, Western Australia - assisted by non-Aboriginal communist Don McLeod. Then, in 1966, Aboriginal communities in Gurindji led the longest strike in Australia’s history, winning nine years later. Frank Hardy, Communist Party member, was a critical ally in the struggle. Following these seminal fights, Aboriginal people have won some control over 33% of Australia’s land mass. In Australia’s neoliberal period, land rights were attacked. Firstly, through the Northern Territory (NT) Intervention in 2007, then in 2015, with attempts to close remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia (WA) and South Australia (SA). The ‘Stop the NT Intervention’ movement was not successful, but mass protests in 2015, led by the #sosblakaustralia movement stopped the closures of remote communities. Both the Indigenous rights movement and black-red alliances have not been strong enough to assuage neoliberalism’s assault on land rights. While 33% of land in Australia has been re-won, in some form, to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, the majority of land to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is in remote and arid lands. In comparison, Bolivia’s land rights movements and black-red alliances in the neoliberal phase proved incredibly hardy. On the back of strong movements: The Coca, Gas and Water Wars, Indigenous Aymara Evo Morales was elected in 2005. Sections of the government proposed a ‘communitarian socialist’ Bolivia and Morales’s agrarian revolution handed 9600 square miles of state-owned land to Indigenous communities. However, Bolivia’s pro-Indigenous land reform and pachamama (mother-earth) approach was questioned by a proposal build a highway through the Isiboro Secure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS) in 2011. Various Non-Government Organisations (NGO) charged Morales with coercion and ignoring Indigenous wishes. On the other side of the debate, Vice-President Alvero Garcia Linera argued anti-government NGOs led a green imperialist intervention against the TIPNIS project. After withdrawing from the highway’s timeframe and consulting with communities, a number of TIPNIS opponents withdrew their opposition. Struggles for cultural rights in Australia and Bolivia Spanish and British colonial projects both attempted ethnocide against thirty-six Bolivian communities and five hundred distinct First Nations in Australia. Britain sought to physically eliminate Indigenous people, but when resistance proved too robust, they began a cultural war through protectionist policies and an assimilation wave. By comparison, Spain’s strategy was to attempt genocide against Indigenous Incas, then co-opt a layer of compliant Incan nobility to enslave remainder Indigenous population. In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander campaigning in the 1960s forced the end of assimilationist policies with Freedom Rides, the resilient Tent Embassy in Canberra and an urban expansion in Redfern leading a powerful cultural revival. In the neoliberal phase, governments in Australia are leading a second assimilation phase. A culture war decrying a ‘black armband’ view of history included the abolition of the national Indigenous self-governance body Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) and $534 million in cuts from Indigenous services in 2014. Despite these obstacles, communities fought off a government-funded ‘Constitutional Recognition’ campaign. However, school history textbooks continue to portray Australia in a colonial white frame. Language reclamation battles have only elicited incremental progress. Comparatively, under the Morales government, Bolivia’s Indigenous cultural rights have progressed. The Bolivian government established a ‘Vice Ministry for Decolonization’. The new constitution acknowledges thirty-six recognized indigenous peoples, compels universities to teach Indigenous languages and memorializes anti-colonial warriors. On increasing Indigenous identification, the government has received a set-back. However, on balance, the MAS government is advancing a decolonizing program. Struggles for self-governance Winning self-governance structures in an anti-colonial frame is critical for Indigenous self-determination. The research uncovers socialists have developed autonomy structures for minority governance that aid Indigenous self-governance projects. From the Russian Bolshevik federated structure model, to Bolivia’s plurinationalism and Indigenous native peasant autonomy structures (AIOCs), socialists have, and are experimenting with democratic structures that benefit to Indigenous and ethnic minorities. However, in Bolivia, there appears to be a retreat from an AIOC model, as Indigenous autonomies do not feature in the 2025 government strategy document. In Australia, British genocide policies weakened First Nations governance, but nation-wide resistance organisations developed from the 1920s. By the 1970s Aboriginal communities had won elected national representation and localised land councils. In the neoliberal phase ATSIC was established – but the government disbanded it in 2004. Militant, national alliances such as the Freedom Summit, Grandmothers Against Removal, #sosblak and Warriors of the Aboriginal Resistance (WAR) formed to fight land grabs and a re-assimilation push. The research discovers a weaker self-governance movement in Australia compared to Bolivia. Additionally, Australia’s socialist movement is more fragile– although a number of Aboriginal militants joined the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) in the 20th century. This study concludes that two organisations, Socialist Alliance and Solidarity, assist Aboriginal campaigns in the 21st century. Aboriginal activists stand as Socialist Alliance candidates in state and federal elections. Socialists in Australia only gather 1.5–5% in state and federal elections. However, three socialists at the local council level have been elected with 30–55% of the vote. In comparison, openly socialist Bolivian presidential candidate Evo Morales wins 65% of the national vote. Conclusions This comparative study discovers strong Indigenous self-determination battles and structures in Bolivia, and weaker ones in Australia. Australian Indigenous resistance offers a rich experience of decolonising lessons to Bolivia’s Indigenous struggles. Equally, Bolivia’s empowerment structures hold encouraging insights. This research concludes that neoliberalism’s strength, a small Indigenous population and the weakness of progressive forces, leave the battle for a pan-Aboriginal republic at an embryonic stage. In contract, Bolivia’s Plurinational project is empowering Indigenous people with land, cultural rights and governance structures. While under pressure due to its positioning in the global capitalist market, Bolivia’s revolution is building Andean capitalism and an Indigenous nationalist model, with a communitarian socialist trajectory. This tension of having to operate within imperialism, I contend, do not detract from Bolivia’s positive example of a Indigenous sovereignty model. The study concludes that vying for state power hosts contradictions for Indigenous self-determination battles. However, Bolivia’s example shows that building Indigenous power from within and separate from the state, has benefited the majority of its people. Black-red alliances have been critical in both Bolivia and Australia’s battles for land, culture and governance rights. Indeed, Bolivia’s Plurinational structures can be viewed as a continuation of a socialist democratic principle. Bolivia points to a pathway for Indigenous emancipation in Australia. A multi-national, pan-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander anti-corporate republic offers a powerful decolonising frame. Through songlines and memorias, heroic wars, embassies and sovereignty plans, these autonomist models are providing robust self-determination prototypes.

Avec l'intégration de Byblos, Beyrouth et Tyr dans l'Empire romain, vers 64 avant J.-C., ces villes ont connu un renouveau architectural exceptionnel, qui a duré plusieurs siècles. Durant cette période, et d'après les fouilles entamées sur les sites au cours des XXe et XXIe siècles, il semble que le tissu urbain de chaque ville ait été réorganisé et doté de nouveaux monuments répondant autant que possible aux nouvelles exigences de standardisation et d'idéalisation architecturale. Parmi les vestiges qui nous renseignent sur la grandeur du paysage urbain romano-byzantin de Byblos, Beyrouth et Tyr figurent leurs rues à colonnades. La construction de ces artères principales qui reliaient les différents secteurs de chaque ville, débuta vers la fin du Ier siècle. Elle atteint son apogée au IIe siècle, puis connu un développement exceptionnel à la fin de l'Antiquité, avant de disparaitre complètement pendant les périodes médiévales et de tomber dans l'oubli. Cette thèse sera donc l'occasion d'examiner l'évolution historique, esthétique et fonctionnelle de ce type de monument. Elle nous permettra d'interpréter les données archéologiques recueillies sur le terrain en adoptant un croisement systématique des différents attributs identifiés, ce qui nous aidera à saisir les similitudes qui caractérisent les rues à colonnades du Liban, ainsi que les différences qui les distinguent
With the integration of Byblos, Beirut and Tyre into the Roman Empire, around 64 BC, these cities underwent an exceptional architectural revival, which lasted for several centuries. During this period, and according to the 20th and 21st centuries excavations that were undertaken on these sites, it seems that the urban fabric in each city was reorganized and endowed with new monuments that met as much as possible the new requirements of standardization and architectural idealization. Among the surviving ruins that tell us about the grandeur of the Roman-Byzantine urban landscape of Byblos, Beirut and Tyre stand their colonnaded streets. The construction of these main arteries, which linked the different sectors in each city, began towards the end of the 1st century. It reached its peak in the 2nd century and then underwent an exceptional development at the end of Antiquity, before disappearing completely during the medieval periods and falling into oblivion. This thesis will therefore be an opportunity to examine the historical, aesthetic and functional evolution of this type of monument. It will enable us to interpret the archaeological data collected on site by adopting a systematic cross-referencing of the various attributes identified, which will help us to grasp the similarities that characterize the colonnaded streets of Lebanon, as well as the differences that distinguish them

Il progetto di tesi sperimentale, svolto presso l’azienda Biesse Group, è volto all’applicazione dei principi del Lean Thinking nella progettazione di una nuova fabbrica di premontaggi di due componenti: il transfer e la tavola elevatrice. L’elaborato è nato dall’esigenza dell’azienda di liberare spazio produttivo nell’attuale stabilimento a favore di un nuovo impianto disponibile. Comprendendo la strategicità per le aziende della fase di montaggio, è stato fondamentale individuare e risolvere i muda e le inefficienze insite nella configurazione iniziale, in modo tale da poter pianificare al meglio i nuovi scenari futuri in ottica lean. Poiché la linea unica adibita al premontaggio di tutti i transfer comportava una bassa efficienza a causa della variabilità di prodotto, è stata valutata sia l’ipotesi dell’esternalizzazione sia della riprogettazione interna della soluzione presso la nuova sede, frutto di un processo volto al miglioramento continuo. Mentre in soccorso alla necessità di un ritmo produttivo snello e standardizzato, è stato valutato il premontaggio in linea per le tavole elevatrici. Gli scenari così proposti sono stati confrontati mediante un approccio combinato composto da analisi quantitativa e qualitativa, che ha permesso di individuare la soluzione ottimale per entrambi i componenti. A seguire è stata la volta dell’implementazione, dapprima dimensionando il nuovo magazzino e successivamente studiando ciascuna postazione di premontaggio, fino al layout complessivo del nuovo stabilimento. Lo studio si è concluso con una valutazione economica dell’investimento. Il progetto ha permesso di ottenere importanti miglioramenti qualitativi come un aumento dell’efficienza di sistema, una riduzione del numero di risorse e dello spazio produttivo rispetto alla soluzione attuale; così come importanti risultati quantitativi: un VAN previsto per il quinto anno pari a +424.740 € e un tempo di recupero dell’investimento iniziale previsto per la fine del secondo anno

Cette étude correspond au développement de deux approches de modélisation à base physique basées sur le concept de température d’équilibre pour simuler la température des cours d’eau à l’échelle du bassin de la Loire (105 km²). La performance de ces deux approches de modélisation est analysée via des chroniques horaires issues du réseau national thermique associé aux cours d’eau (RNT), mis en place par l’ONEMA en 2008. Une première partie est consacrée à l’étude de l’approche de modélisation stationnelle qui résout un bilan énergétique à l’échelle de la station. Cette approche a été testée selon une discrétisation simplifiée par ordre de Strahler puis selon une discrétisation à l’échelle du tronçon hydrographique. Elles simulent avec une très bonne précision la température horaire et journalière pour les grands cours d’eau où l’influence des conditions aux limites amont devient limitée. Une seconde approche dite « par propagation » basée sur une topologie de réseau est développée dans le but d’intégrer, à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle la propagation du signal thermique de l’amont vers l’aval des cours d’eau à une échelle régionale ce qui améliore la performance sur les cours d’eau situés en amont et de bien restituer la dynamique des profils thermiques longitudinaux des grands cours d’eau
This work corresponds to the development of two physically based modeling approaches based on the equilibrium temperature concept to simulate the stream temperature at the Loire basin scale (105 km²). The performances of these two approaches are analyzed with hourly temperatures provided by the national thermal network associated with rivers (RNT), set up by the ONEMA in 2008. A first part focuses on the study of the 0D approach which solves the heat budget at the local scale. This approach has been tested with a simplified discretization by Strahler order and then with a discretization at the hydrographical reach scale. They simulated accurately hourly and daily temperatures for large rivers where the upstream influence becomes limited. The second part focuses on the approach by propagation based on a network topology in order to integrate the upstream-downstream propagation of the thermal signal with high spatial and temporal resolution at a regional scale which improves performances of rivers located near headwaters and to well reproduces the dynamics of longitudinal thermal profiles for large rivers

This thesis deals with ethical dimension of homeless people´s life and dying. It is devoted to ethical questions of homelessness phenomenon and is primary aimed at dignity and reasonability of life on the street, value system of homeless persons, influenced by the way of their life, and feeling about their own mortality. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how the homeless people feel about the reasonability of life and their own mortality, in the framework of their value system, and about their responsibility for their situation or if they devolve it to others or state. Using qualitative research techniques it analyses realized controlled interviews with homeless persons in thier own environment, that helps to clarify their perception of life and dying on the street. Research aggregate was made up of 15 homeless persons living in the territory of the city České Budějovice.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Geography.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-171). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19639

Chong Ho Wang Alex.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2005-2006, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 37).
Acknowledgements --- p.P.3
Prefece --- p.P.4
Chapter 01 --- Intoduction --- p.P.5
Chapter 02 --- Research study --- p.P.6
Chapter 03 --- Thesis design --- p.P.18
Bibliography --- p.P.37

Ho Chui-ming.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-223).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
List of Plates --- p.i
Abstract --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Introduction The Quest for the Agency of Street Sleepers --- p.1
Chapter Chapter One --- Literature Review and Theoretical Framework --- p.9
Chapter I. --- Reading Street Sleepers: To Review the Past Studies --- p.9
Chapter II. --- Center and Margin: To Approach the Operation of Power --- p.24
Chapter III. --- Domination and Resistance: To Bring the Human Agency Backin --- p.26
Chapter IV. --- From Spatial Resistance to Spatial Formation --- p.31
Chapter V. --- From Identity Formation to Unfixing the Body --- p.35
Chapter Chapter Two --- Methodology and Contexutualization --- p.40
Chapter I. --- A Qualitative Research on Street Life --- p.40
Chapter II. --- Triangulated Methods: Ethnography and Non-Reactive Method --- p.41
Chapter III. --- The Profile of the Subjects --- p.48
Chapter IV. --- Contextualizing the Study and Locating the Researcher --- p.53
Chapter V. --- The Context: Yaumatei --- p.55
Chapter Chapter Three --- Persistence of Street Sleeping: Beyond Housed/ Non-housed --- p.69
Chapter I. --- Home Ownership --- p.70
Chapter II. --- Rental System in Private Market --- p.73
Chapter III. --- Public Housing --- p.77
Chapter IV. --- Shelter and Hostel for Street Sleepers --- p.80
Chapter V. --- Rehabilitation Program for Substance Users --- p.84
Chapter VI. --- Open Space --- p.86
Chapter VII --- Concluding Remarks: Beyond Housed/Non-housed --- p.91
Chapter Chapter Four --- Producing a Livable Space: A Space of Resistance --- p.95
Chapter I. --- A Production of Space: The Spatial Arrangement --- p.95
Chapter II. --- A Space of Resistance: The Spatio-social Relations --- p.111
Chapter III. --- Concluding Remarks: Marginal Space and Livable Space --- p.135
Chapter Chapter Five --- Narratives of Identity: Fixing and Unfixing the Body --- p.139
Chapter I. --- The Construction of Social Identities --- p.139
Chapter II. --- The Multiplicity of Self Narratives --- p.144
Chapter III. --- Concluding Remarks: Negotiating Identities in Everyday Life --- p.159
Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.163
Epilogue --- p.173
Appendix A The Profile of the Subjects --- p.176
Appendix B The Alternative Map of Yaumatei --- p.189
Appendix C The Benches and the Chairs in Yaumatei --- p.206
Appendix D Glossary --- p.207
Bibliography --- p.210

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
文化創意產業系
103
Cross-strait Service Trade Agreement has drawn the society’s great attention during the 318 student movement in 2014. Since the internet is the main source for college students to get information, the study aims to discuss how college students evaluate the influence of online reports related to Cross-strait Service Trade Agreement on the self and others in terms of the theory of Third-person Effect, proposed by Davison. The result confirms the existence of Third-person Effect and the magnitude is strengthened by the increase of social distance. Gender and KMT supporters can significantly influence the attitude toward Cross-strait Service Trade Agreement. Furthermore, the disparity between the self and others will negatively influence the behavior. That is, college students will take action due to patriarchal protectionism. Finally, the study also confirms the phenomenon of the spiral of silence, and the effect seems to be more significant on the supporters than on the opponents for Cross-strait Service Trade Agreement. College students who object to Cross-strait Service Trade Agreement tend to be hard cores no matter what opinion climate out there will be.

碩士
中國科技大學
建築研究所
99
Local features and cultural values are lost while Tungshih “Ben-jie” undertook urban-renewal program after the 921 earthquake. Centered on “Ben-jie” to explicate the development and transformation of the spatial structure of Tungshih village (street) in Japanese Colonial Period, this research aims to represent the evolving relationship between “Ben-jie” and the local community under Japanese colonization, and to improve an understanding of local features and cultural values of “Ben-jie.” This research uses spatial structure as the subject to investigate the way in which the spatial structure in “Ben-jie” was transformed in Japanese Colonial Period. Research materials of the development of the spatial structure in “Ben-jie” can be classified into three periods--late Qing period (1990-1895), development in Japanese Colonial Period (1895-1935), and urban-renewal program implemented in Japanese Colonial Period (1935-1945). Based on these materials, the research further examines factors which influence the transformation of the spatial structure in “Ben-jie.” Through literature analysis, map utilization, and fieldwork survey, this research explores the evolving process of “Ben-jie” in the above mentioned historical periods. “Ben-jie” remained an undeveloped site in late Qing Dynasty. In Japanese Colonial Period, an access road was built under the instruction of governmental policy to develop Tungshih village which resulted in a transition of commercial space in Tungshih village and the formation of a commercial street (“Ben-jia”). The original spatial structure of Tungshih village (street) was altered after the implementation of Tungshih urban-modification program in 1941. However, the modification program did not sketch out “Ben-jie” due to the fact that it was close to a terrace cliff, and it had limited landscape with an unstable width. As a result, “Ben-jie” was left with its own historical feature. Based on the above mentioned results, it can be further argued that the transformation of the spatial structure in “Ben-jie” is shaped by three factors: human population, policy, and industry and traffic. a. Human population. The growth of human population was closely related to commercial activities. Increasing population density led to progressing commercial activities, and a thriving community. The formation of the commercial street (“Ben-jie”) established Tungshih as a consumer market. b. Policy. Division of administrative areas made Tungshih village (street) the administrative center of Tungshih County. The county hall was built on the north of “Ben-jie” which itself was a busy traffic junction. With public infrastructure built across the hinterland between “Ben-jie” and Tung-lan jie (San-min jie), “Ben-jie” became a centre for local administration, living, and commercial activities. c. Industry and traffic. Flourishing forestry generated economic income to the local community. Merging main highway networks and forestry transportation around Tungshih village (street), “Ben-jie” became a communal center of Tungshih village (street) where communal density were high, and various consumption facilities and firms were flocked together. “Ben-jie” developed into a focal point of commercial activities in Tungshih village (street) in Japanese Colonial Period.

A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA Masters in Community-Based Counselling Psychology (Psychology) in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 15/03/2017.
This research examines the interaction between beggars and motorists at traffic light intersections in Johannesburg CBD. Drawing on approximately 80hrs of video recorded interactions, the research primarily demonstrates the ways in which beggars and motorists produce embodied actions in the management of their asymmetrical socioeconomic positions, and more so the inequalities consequent of which. The phenomenon in question takes place in everyday settings constituted by mundane practices and embodied actions. As such, an ethnomethodologically oriented means towards gathering data served best suited to this research. A qualitative Conversation Analysis approach serves an apt technique for analysing the kind of fine-grained focus of the interactional phenomena observed (both verbal and non-verbal). The analysis has been rooted in the analytic framework of the greeting, request and offer adjacency pair types The progression of the analysis, as it unfolds, lends an eye to a particular sequence organization that appears to have crystalized, and further been reproduced in all of the beggar-motorist cases that have been examined here. The discussion turns towards unpacking some of the socio-structural implications of the embodied practices highlighted in the interaction of interest; particularly converging some of the ideas presented regarding the way in which the beggar-motorist interactional practices contribute to and maintain what can be seen as an institutionalized form of inequality.
XL2018

Homelessness is an increasing social challenge both locally and globally. Social problems associated with street homelessness and services provided to homeless people by social workers are well documented in South Africa. Little is known though concerning the collaborative role of social workers and homeless people in addressing street homelessness. This study explored the role of social workers in promoting social justice through a collaborative purpose amongst the homeless people in addressing street homelessness. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, and contextual study was undertaken with 14 homeless participants aged 21 to 63, and eight social work participants aged 25 to 38. This study was informed by an amalgamation of two theories, indicating the collaboration theory and the structural theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analysed by following Tesch’s eight steps (Creswell, 2009:186). The data was collected and verified, employing the Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. The ethical considerations adhered throughout this study are informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity, management of information and debriefing. The major findings identified first, poverty and unemployment as major homelessness causes. Second, deprived, or non-existing family support, family or marital breakdown, substance use, migration of individuals from rural or foreign countries to city centres, as major contributing factors towards homelessness. Third, homeless people are more vulnerable to personal harm than the housed population. Fourth, the society and derogatory labels, such as crazy, nyaopes, and criminals are often used to describe these individuals. Finally, homelessness places homeless people at substantial risk of elevated mental health conditions. Implications for social work and recommendations for future research are presented.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Work)

碩士
國立臺北藝術大學
建築與文化資產研究所
107
Xinzhuang is the first commercial area in the Xinzhuang Plain, where is a linear settlement that is restricted by natural conditions such as rivers, the narrow hinterland makes the settlement only extend to the two wings. The purpose of this study is to understand how the linear settlement expands institutionally by 'Revised City Plan' and lead to modernization during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan. This study focuses on Xinzhuang settlement during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan. To sort out the changes and the process of Xinzhuang's revised city plan during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan, this study analyzed the cadastral materials, comparing the old map and aerial photograph. It also summarized the cause and difference from the modernization of the street development in Xinzhuang. The investigation concludes the following findings: through a series of policy expansions and consolidations, the linear settlement is no longer restricted by natural conditions such as rivers. And the settlement expanded into a modern city with the spatial characteristics of Taiwanese and Japanese both gradually. Lastly, this study measured the representative buildings in Xinzhuang, including the original Xinzhuang County Hall, which is currently used as a Xinzhuang police station, and two shophouses built in different contexts. By case study, not only recorded the current spatial context but also aims to attract more discussion about retaining the spatial context of Xinzhuang settlement.

碩士
國立臺南大學
台灣文化研究所碩士班
101
“Ma Gong”, named due to neighboring with “Matsu Temple”, had a long history. In early 17th century, the Han people resided here. Since then, the place was governed by different regimes during the following 400 years. It has turned into the most prosperous city in Taiwan Strait. This study is based on the current urban plan of Magong and discusses the changes of its streets in terms of administration system, industry development, local construction, religion and culture. In Ching Dynasty, Ma Gong was highly valued because of its important geographical location. After Sino-French War, building a walled city in Ma Gong presented its position of military fortress. During the Japanese ruled period, its name was changed into Magong. The walls were torn down to reform the city and make it a modern city. In the early postwar period, Magong City was still the local administration center of Penghu County. With the increasing military and population, a variety of industries and construction gradually started development. Power fishing boats were promoted. The second fishing port wharf was built to improve fishery output value. Education improved people quality. Small-sized household industry kept developed and promoted business. From 1970s, the government gradually announced the urban plan and built the salt marsh reclaimed land as the third fishing port to enlarge the residing space. With the upgrade of tourism, the industries were upgraded, and the preservation of historic sites was also valued. Region came to the peak at that time; instead of the traditional territorial circumventing ceremony, transportation such as ships and planes navigated to form a new inspection and pray for blessings. In the last twenty years, the city scale was enlarged again to the north and the east. The old downtown was transformed into the business district. Its tourism has been developed; tourists have been attracted by its convenient transportation, new accommodation, colorful trips and fresh local specialties. The life function of the streets in Magong City is almost complete. It now aims at constructing crossover-area education institutes, founding cultural business like local culture gallery, and improving residents’ spirit level. The streets of Magong City possess abundant history; tourism is its crucial economic lifeline. How to develop this industry for a long time is a rather highly-valued business for the local people. Whether to usher in gambling business for developing tourism or to refuse gambling and seek for other development depend on the careful consideration and plan of the government.

碩士
國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
95
Data stream are data items generated with rapid speed and continuously. To find out an item with a hot period is important. When it is in hot period, it means that its volume is more than others’ during the period. This information can be very useful. For example, in market, we may place those products with hot period in the same place of market or give a special discount on them to improve the selling. In order to find out all items with hot-period over an on-line data stream, we propose a method to find out this kind of items and report their hot period in a data stream. Moreover, we group these items into itemset according to their appearance in time and correlations between them.

碩士
逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
92
Abstract The traffic construction is very important to national development and people's lives. For example, economy, national defense, politics, society, culture, environment etc. They are closely linked with traffic construction. In recent years, because of the world economy changed and government's financial difficulty, make a lot of plans influenced with the great traffic engineering construction while promoting. Under the condition of the traffic construction project budget tightened, the Ministry of Transportation and Communications passed through a rule of law on April 30, the 90th year of the Republic of China, in order to encourage that every affiliated organs use value engineering to finish traffic construction projects. The idea of the value engineering is still in embryonic period in the domestic traffic department. Through document reviews and induction, this study will discuss the theory of value engineering and study that to make really use of value engineering may meet of some questions. This research regards the second period collection street in Taipei harbor as the example. Probe into and judge the question that use value engineering of this scheme may be met. While analyzing, it maybe to face the factors are not enough for the distribution; people define the factor of assessing differently, or people query the analytical method. Those questions will unable to judge the best scheme to cause. This research is analyzed to the interchange types, it consider that the project includes economy, efficacy, transportation, and engineering. Through document reviews and induction to find 24 factors, then use Fuzzy Delphi Method（FDM） to choose 10 factors and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process（FAHP）to analyze the whole way structure. Using FDM and FAHP to get the best scheme .The analysis result finding the best scheme is the fourth scheme. Because of it’s cost, safety and time are relatively good. The contribution of this research is to collect and organize the procedures of implementing value engineering, and further evaluate the projects with methods that are different from the matrix analyze in value engineering. This study use FDM and FAHP to analyze the procedures of evaluation, by doing so this study can avoid the difficulty of unable to determine the best project objectively because of lack of comprehensive evaluation factors. Therefore, the department of government can consider these two analytic methods to evaluate their projects in the future. Keyword: Value Engineering, Fuzzy Delphi Method（FDM）, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process（FAHP）

碩士
國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
97
A data stream is an ordered sequence of items that arrives in timely manner. There are several research problems in this environment such as mining frequent patterns, finding interesting events and classification, we focus on the problem of finding bursty item and its corresponding hot period in the data stream environment. An item is said to be bursty if the amount of occurring times during a certain time window is obviously more than before. The bursty items mined from data stream can use in many situations, i.e, with this information, market analyst may place these hot products in the same position or together with other usual products for sales promotion. In this thesis, an efficient approach is proposed for mining bursty items and modeling its hot period. A set of simulation is performed to show the benefit of our approach.

碩士
國立中正大學
台灣文學與創意應用研究所
106
The use of cultural assets in the planning of Chiayi City during the Japanese occupation period— Forestry, City Street, Chen Chengbo Name： Shang,Chun-Hsiung Abstract Through the rise of Hinoki Village, this paper considers the role that Chiayi City can play in tourism planning through the cultural assets left over from the Japanese occupation period and with local characteristics and life values. First of all, understand the relationship between the geographical environment and the development of historical forestry in the Hinoki Village and Chiayi City streets, and discover possible featured products and sightseeing lines. Then, analyze the current trend of local tourists in the country to understand the needs of the market in order to facilitate planning. Finally, it explores how the featured products can be combined with the local humanities and customs to create distinctive tourism products and symbolic consumption. In addition to trying to list specific feasible products and planning directions, this paper also presents the energy and potential of the cultural assets in the torrent of modern urban development. In the planning of the tour, the theoretical basis of collective memory and travel is referenced. From the perceptual point of view, the basis of the selection of scenic spots when visitors visit ChiaYi City is analyzed, and the similarities and differences of travel, tourism and sightseeing and the process of seeking ideas evolution are considered. Finally, we will join the current social pace of tension, and how tourism has become a basic human right that people are craving for. In addition, it also organizes the rise of a new literary product "travel literature" in the era, echoing the travel from the metaphysical to the reflection and gaze of the present day. Whether such demand is a natural evolution or an inevitable guidance, or the satisfaction is already complicated and the human nature is rewarded by environmental stimuli. In response to the writing of this thesis, the social changes are also more intense. For example, after the political party re-arranged on the second day of the week to a case of a break or even after the amendment, the annuity reform caused the change of consumption habits and the speed up update of the communication generation big data application. it is interesting to note that the railroads and railway surrounding buildings that were discussed in the forestry are also undergoing major changes with the overhaul of the Chiayi Railway, which provide a good reference for writing papers. Keywords: Hinoki Village， cultural assets

Within the context of a rapidly urbanizing population, both globally and nationally, this dissertation investigates how street living strategies can assist in conceptualizing a nurturing inner city environment. Responding to the dearth of implementable social policies in South Africa, this research sets out to explore methods for architects to enhance the life opportunities and choices of pavement dwellers by incorporating their livelihoods and aspirations in the design of the built environment. The research was carried out by way of reviewing existing literature on the subject, relevant case studies and precedent studies. The theories and literature discussed guide the focus of this dissertation highlighting the importance of taking people's needs, interests, livelihood strategies and their circumstances into account. The discussion illustrates how the inner city environment, underpinned by theoretical analysis of Theory of Living, Complexity Theory and Critical Regionalism, can be nurturing to life. Quantitative and qualitative methods are used to gather social and architectural data, outlining the interaction between street living strategies and the built environment, illustrating how an inner city can cater to the needs and well being (positive orientation) of the community, or in other cases, fail to do so. This will be further understood through an examination of the pavement dwellers' complex and difficult life in the Durban CBD, and how this creatively assists the design of a nurturing multipurpose dream centre, as a solution to the needs of street living and a conceptualization of a nurturing inner city environment. The outcome is the conceptualization of an inner city environment from which a set of principles and guidelines are established to inform the design of a new multipurpose dream centre in the inner city - the Durban CBD. A dream centre is possible because of the ability of "The architect [to] confront human needs and desires [and] mould the environment closer to the human dream" (Mumford, 1938: 403).
Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
91
Since the venture capital industry being founded in Taiwan in 1983, it has a remarkable achievement in promoting high-tech industry and has been considered as a successful model by all Asia countries. In Mainland China, the venture capital industry has developed quickly since it was set up in 1983. The progress, however, has not reached original expectation in terms of inducing new high-tech industry. The differences between Cross-Strait on the development of the venture capital industry may be due to different factors. This study will make a comparison between the venture evaluation criteria in Taiwan and Mainland China, to provide references for those who are interested this industry. According to the expert in this field, the relevant criteria for evaluating the venture capital can be grouped into four categories, namely business management factor, market factor, product technique factor, and financial factor. These 4 categories are comprised of up to 21 evaluation criteria. Based on these, the Likert-scale questionnaires have been sent to and the responses have been obtained from venture capital companies in Taiwan and Mainland China. Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method is then used to derive the significant weights of each criteria. After AHP calculation, we found that in Taiwan the four factors used by venture capitalists to evaluate investment decision are prioritized as follows: business management factor, market factor, financial factor, and then product technique factor. In Mainland China, the priority rankings are management factor, financial factor, market factor, and product technique factor. In Taiwan, the most highly emphasized 5 items in the 21 evaluation criteria are the characteristics of founders, the market size, company financial condition and capital structure, the ability of team management, and the expertise toward this industry. In Mainland China, they are the management and financing ability, the ability of team management, the characteristics of founders, the estimate of market potential, and the barrier to enter this market. “The characteristics of founders” and “the ability of team management” are the two consistent criteria Cross-strait, so that the management dimension of venture company is obviously emphasized most.