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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Strandinger"

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Tesi sul tema "Strandinger"

1

Walker, Rebekah J. "The Seasonality of Mass Strandings: Implications for Cetacean Stranding Sites." NSUWorks, 2003. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/284.

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The occurrence of stranded cetaceans has been of interest since Aristotle and numerous theories have been advanced to explain stranding phenomena. The causes(s) of mass strandings remain unresolved, but recent investigations suggest the importance of environmental rather than biological aspects. Little emphasis has been placed on the importance of seasonal fluctuations in the number of mass strandings. Stranding data for the past 20 years in Florida, collected by the Southeastern U.S. Marine Mammal Stranding Network, show a peak in mass strandings on the Florida east coast during the winter and spring and on the Florida west coast and Keys during the summer and fall. The infrequency of mass strandings suggests that a number of factors must coexist for a stranding to occur. Correlations were found between downwelling-favorable wind conditions and stranding events. Seasonal variations in wind speed and direction create frontal convergences in the ocean environment, which can be tracked by cetaceans. Such wind induced physical oceanographic changes, if followed by cetaceans, may explain why species move from the shelf-break to the near shore environment. In addition, strandings are more likely to occur on beaches that slope gently until a point of more rapid drop-off, allowing deep water to be located nearshore. This analysis suggests that the prevailing winds and high relief areas located close to shore are important factors in the initial stages of a stranding due to their causative effect on frontal structures the week prior to an event.
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2

Hirata, Ryuichiro. "Preposition stranding in Welsh." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/preposition-stranding-in-welsh(20d1f096-7d6e-4ba6-b19a-dbde43355427).html.

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3

Friedman, Brielle. "Mass Cetacean Strandings in the United States- Comparison of Northeast and Southeast Strandings, 1997-2011." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/169.

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Abstract (sommario):
Marine mammal mass strandings have been documented for centuries, even going as far back as Aristotle. For just as long, the causes of these mass strandings have been questioned. With every species of cetacean known to have stranded, it is important to find trends to understand and prevent these strandings from occurring. With a heightened awareness of this issue, leading to the creation of marine mammal stranding networks throughout the United States in the 1990s, a more comprehensive approach to data collection has helped with the study. Issues such as seasonality, weather, topography, and disease have all been observed as a potential cause of these events. This study attempted to look at the Atlantic Coast of the United States, and its documented mass strandings from 1997-2011. Stranding data taken from the Northeast and Southeast US Marine Mammal stranding network database provided a basis for the study of these mass strandings. Many of the possible causes of these strandings, including seasonality, location, and species were studied. There was some correlation found between seasons and stranding, meaning there are certain times of the year when a cetacean pod may be more likely to strand.
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4

Brabyn, Mark William. "An analysis of New Zealand whale strandings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6894.

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The New Zealand Whale Stranding Data Base (NZWSDB) was set up in association with the Department of Conservation. The NZWSDB contains 1140 records of whale strandings involving a total of 8287 individuals, 35 species, 163 herd strandings, and 304 known live strandings. The geographical distribution and seasonality of strandings are given for 25 species of whales. Major hotspots for strandings occur at Whangarei, Hawke Bay, Farewell Spit, and Chatham Islands (Waitangi and Okawa). Herd stranding is most pronounced for offshore delphinids, in particular the pilot whale. Herd strandings are highly clumped in distribution. In contrast, single-dead strandings (indicative of the population distribution) are evenly scattered. There is a summer high and winter low in the seasonality of strandings. Physical aspects of herd stranding sites are compared with random sites. Slope and bay indentation of stranding sites are significantly different from random sites. Coastal configurations of world multiple herd stranding sites are compared and show similar protruding coastlines with long gently sloping beaches. These configurations and associated currents may trap migrating whales. Klinowska's theory relating stranding sites to geomagnetic topography is tested for 126 herd strandings and 147 single-live strandings. New Zealand herd strandings show no relationship to perpendicular geomagnetic contours or magnetic minima, and whales do not appear to avoid magnetic gradients. Weather conditions at the time of and 24 hours prior to, whale stranding dates are studied for a set of 24 pilot whale herd strandings and 4 sperm whale herd strandings. A significant relationship is found between strandings and increasing barometric pressure. No obvious relationship between whale stranding dates and the lunar cycle is found. Whale strandings are divided into nine categories based on distributional and site patterns. Theories on the causes of whale strandings are discussed. Those theories that do not explain the highly clumped nature of strandings are rejected.
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5

Depiante, Marcela, and Ellen Thompson. "Preposition Stranding in Heritage Speakers of Spanish." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271017.

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Abstract (sommario):
In this research, we explore the linguistic structure of the Spanish of Heritage Speakers, those who have acquired Spanish as the home language in a minority language context (Iverson, 2010). We contribute to the discussion of the properties of Heritage Languages here by examining Preposition Stranding in Heritage Speakers versus native monolingual speakers of Spanish. We claim that the distinct behavior of Heritage Speakers of Spanish supports the claim that Heritage Languages may differ from native monolingual language in the narrow syntax, affecting uninterpretable features of the grammar.
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6

Enzinna, Naomi R. "The Processing of Preposition-Stranding Constructions in English." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/889.

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Abstract (sommario):
One of the prominent questions in modern psycholinguistics is the relationship between the grammar and the parser. Within the approach of Generative Grammar, this issue has been investigated in terms of the role that Principles of Universal Grammar may play in language processing. The aim of this research experiment is to investigate this topic. Specifically, this experiment aims to test whether the Minimal Structure Principle (MSP) plays a role in the processing of Preposition-Stranding versus Pied-Piped Constructions. This investigation is made with a self-paced reading task, an on-line processing test that measures participants’ unconscious reaction to language stimuli. Monolingual English speakers’ reading times of sentences with Preposition-Stranding and Pied-Piped Constructions are compared. Results indicate that neither construction has greater processing costs, suggesting that factors other than the MSP are active during language processing.
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7

de, Lemos Simone H. "Preposition Stranding in Heritage Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/912.

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Abstract (sommario):
Influential bodies of work in language acquisition studies single out heritage bilingualism as a discrete acquisition process within the bilingualism continuum. In regards to the acquisition of WH-/QU- interrogatives containing prepositional phrases (PP), the present study examined whether heritage speakers (HS) of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produce preposition stranding (P-stranding) constructions in their heritage language, in contrast to monolingual and adult speakers of BP, where prepositions are pied-piped to form the interrogative. Participants were HS of BP born in the USA and in Brazil, monolinguals, and late bilingual adults. The experiment consisted of an elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task, both carried out in BP and then in English. Results showed that HS born in the USA use P-stranding in QU- interrogatives productively and systematically, in contrast to the other three groups. Moreover, no evidence of protracted acquisition was found in this group. No signs of attrition were detected among bilinguals.
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8

Goldberg, Lotus Madelyn. "Verb-stranding VP ellipsis : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=50177.

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This thesis presents a study of a construction which I refer to as Verb-Stranding VP Ellipsis. The construction is studied here, specifically, in two distinct senses. First, in chapter two, diagnostics are proposed by which the VP Ellipsis ("VPE") construction can be identified—irrespective of whether the main verb involved is null or overt. It is proposed that these diagnostics can be used to rule out the possibility that the data at issue are cases of other types of null anaphora, such as null arguments, Stripping, Gapping, and Null Complement Anaphora. It emerges from this section of the thesis that Modern Hebrew, Modern Irish, and Swahili have V-Stranding VPE data which form a natural class with English's Aux-Stranding VPE, while Japanese, Korean, Italian, and Spanish do not. The second focus is the question of how V-Stranding VPE should be generated. Chapters 3 and 4 argue in favor of an analysis involving PF Deletion of a VP out of which the main verb has raised, and against an LF Copying treatment. These arguments, in part, involve the Verbal Identity Requirement on VP Ellipsis, a novel generalization involving strict identity in root and derivational morphology between the antecedent- and target clause main Vs of the construction. Within the previously known requirement that elided phrases express semantically Given information, I argue that this generalization results from the fact that the head of an elided phrase must itself express Given information—whether or not the head surfaces as phonologically null.<br>Dans cette étude, on considère en detail une construction que j'appelle « L'élision d'une expression verbale sans l'élision du verbe principal » (anglais « V-Stranding VP Ellipsis »). Cette construction est étudiée ici, spécifiquement, dans deux sens distincts. Dans le chapitre 2, on propose des diagnostics grace auxquels on peut identifier la construction « élision d'une expression verbale » (« EEV », anglais « VP Ellipsis »), que le verbe principal dans l'expression verbale soit manifeste ou élidé. On soutient que ces diagnostics peuvent être utilisés pour éliminer la possibilité que les données pertinentes soient des exemples d'autres types d'anaphore nulle, tels que argument du verbe nul, le « Stripping », le « Gapping », et le « Null Complement Anaphora ». Ainsi, on propose dans cette section que l'EEV sans l'élision du verbe dans les grammaires de l'hebreu, de l'irlaindais et du swahili forme une classe naturelle avec l'EEV avec l'élision du verbe en anglais. On soutient aussi que cette construction n'existent pas en japonais, en coréen, en espagnol, ou en italienne. Ensuite, on considère la question de comment génerer les exemples d'EEV sans l'élision du verbe. Dans les chapitres 3 et 4, on propose une analyse qui utilise la suppression d'une expression verbale au niveau de la Forme Phonologique (« la suppression FP », anglais « PF Deletion ») aprês le placement du verbe principal a une position en dehors de l'expression verbale, et on presente une explication de la raison pour laquelle une analyse qui utilise des copies de la Forme Logique (« copie FL », anglais « LF Copying ») n'est pas viable. Ceci implique, en partie, la Condition d'Identite Verbale, une généralisation proposé ici pour la premiêre fois, impliquant une identité stricte de la racine et dans la morphologie dérivationnelle entre les verbes principaux des propositions antécedentes et des propositions ciblés. Dans le cadre de la condition connue selon laquelle les syntagmes élidés expriment une information sémantique donnée (anglais « Given »), j e soutiens que la condition d'identité verbale resulte du fait que la tete d'un syntagme élidé doit elle-meme exprimer l'information donnée sémantiquement—que la téte soit phonologiquement manifeste ou nulle.
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9

Mullins, Ruth Louise. "Characterizing marine mammal stranding events along the Texas coast." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86047.

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The Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network (TMMSN) is a valuable data resource for the marine mammal community. Limitations of funding and personnel severely impact the ability of the Network to maintain impeccable databases. This research constructed an application to address database complications and focused on investigating the species identification, temporal and spatial trends for stranding events along the Texas coast. From 1980 to 2004, Tursiops truncatus accounted for approximately 80% of all stranding events. The remainder was 20 additional whale and dolphin species known to reside in the Gulf of Mexico. Tursiops truncatus strand along the entire coastline and are the only species stranding in the bays. All other species stranding are most dense along the southern coastline. The temporal scales of events revealed no linear patterns from 1980 to 2004. A unique cyclic fluctuation occurred from 1992 to 1998, including the highest yearly counts and one isolated mortality event in Port Aransas. Attempts to forecast stranding events beyond 2004 were inconclusive due to multiple factors influencing a stranding event. A bimodal seasonal trend was evident, with events peaking in the spring and fall months. Density distributions by decade isolated three frequent stranding areas: Sabine-Galveston-Brazoria counties, Galveston Shipping Channel, and Corpus Christi Shipping Channel. The final aspect analyzed spatial elaboration of events by creating six location values to describe the Texas coastline. Each event was assigned from the geographical location and the orientation of an event along the coastline. Analysis revealed the segregation of Tursiops truncatus in the bays and confirmed earlier results of density distributions. Examining the locations by time revealed a specific incident connected to a mortality event in 1992, accounting for 59% of the stranding events. Location categories were compared to the TMMSN stranding regions and the regions experienced different location frequencies. This study demonstrated how to construct a stronger database and the necessity for database accuracy. Study conclusions demonstrated the need to better isolate and research factors responsible for event distributions in time and space along the Texas coast to forecast the magnitude and location of stranding events to better aid the TMMSN response efforts.
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10

Lee, Kessina. "Stranding Mortality Patterns in California Sea Lions and Steller Sea Lions in Oregon and Southern Washington, 2006 to 2014." Thesis, Portland State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10135722.

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<p> As changing ocean conditions lead to declining fish stocks and movement of forage fish, sea lions on the Oregon coast are subject to the pressures of declining prey availability and increasing conflicts with commercial and recreational fisheries. An analysis of strandings of California sea lions, <sub> Zalophus californianus,</sub> and Steller sea lions, <i>Eumetopias jubatus, </i> from 2006 to 2014, included cause of death, changing ocean conditions, and anthropogenic activity. Causes of death included disease, injury, and human interaction, such as gunshot wounds, fisheries net entanglements and boat strikes. </p><p> Oregon and Washington strandings of California sea lions are primarily adult and subadult males that migrate north from California rookeries, while Steller sea lions are year-round residents and strandings are comprised of males and females of all ages. While the California sea lion population is currently at or near carrying capacity, the Eastern Pacific population of Steller sea lions was designated as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act until October 2013. Understanding impacts to these two pinniped species is vital to implementing effective management and conservation policies.</p><p> Oregon and southern Washington strandings of California sea lions and Steller sea lions from 2006 to 2014 were analyzed spatially using the geographic information system (GIS), and temporally to identify possible correlations with prey availability and human interaction. Strandings were found to follow seasonal patterns from year to year: Steller sea lion strandings were highest from May to July, California sea lions peaked in September, October, and November. There was a correlation between significantly high numbers of strandings and the three largest commercial fisheries in Oregon: Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and Dungeness crab. </p><p> This analysis provides a format for continuing to monitor primary ecological and anthropogenic drivers of pinniped mortality in Oregon and southern Washington. </p>
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