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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Elsayed, M. M., M. O. Hendy e E. E. El Soally. "A new approach for the determination of residual stresses in biaxially stressed plates". Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 28, n. 3 (1 luglio 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v283181.

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This paper presents a modified hole-drilling technique for measuring residual stresses in a finite width plate subjected to biaxial tensile loading. Instead of using a special strain rosette containing three elements, only two strain gauges are used to determine the values of relaxed strains and hence the residual stresses in a biaxially stressed plate. It also gives a new approach which measures the radial relieved strains in two strain gauges mounted on a plate due to drilling a small central hole and then enlarging it. The corresponding residual stresses and their directions are derived.

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PAVLOVA, I. P., e I. V. BELKINA. "PARAMETRIC RESEARCH OF RESTRAINED STRAINS AND STRESSES OF SELF-STRESSED FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE AT THE STAGE OF EXPANSION". Building and reconstruction 108, n. 4 (2023): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2023-108-4-81-92.

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One of the main advantages of self-stressed concrete is its ability to compensate for one of the main disadvantages inherent in mineral binders – shrinkage strains. However, approaches to predicting the properties of self-stressed concrete are not universal, since they are based mainly on phenomenological approaches and empirical dependencies. The main approaches to predicting strains and stresses arising in expansive concrete are energy- and deformation approaches. A number of researchers confirm the effectiveness of applying the deformation approach to determine intrinsic strains and stresses. Modification of the model for determining its own stresses and strains made it possible to move from the case of uniaxial bar reinforcement to two- and three-axis-limited elements. Based on the provisions of the deformation approach, a deformation model was proposed to determine the intrinsic strains and stresses of self-stressed fiber-reinforced concrete. The main prerequisites and assumptions of the proposed model are formulated. A block diagram of the algorithm of the iterative procedure is given, which makes it possible to calculate the intrinsic strains and stresses of self-stressed fiber-reinforced concrete. Parametric studies of self-strains and stresses of self-stressed fiber-reinforced concrete at the stage of expansion were carried out. The normalized dependences of the bounded strains on the varied parameters are presented. The area of effective use of steel fibers to achieve "binding" effect of free expansion in self-stressed concrete of different energy-activity has been determined. Influence of change of introduced fiber amount on development of bound strains of self-stressed concrete at different time intervals has been determined. The obtained results can be used in design, educational and research institutions.

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Miner, Valerie, e Carol Anshaw. "Stresses and Strains". Women's Review of Books 19, n. 9 (giugno 2002): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4023935.

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Xing, Yufeng, Lingyu Meng, Zhiwei Huang e Yahe Gao. "A Novel Efficient Prediction Method for Microscopic Stresses of Periodic Beam-like Structures". Aerospace 9, n. 10 (26 settembre 2022): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100553.

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This paper presents a novel superposition method for effectively predicting the microscopic stresses of heterogeneous periodic beam-like structures. The efficiency is attributed to using the microscopic stresses of the unit cell problem under six generalized strain states to construct the structural microscopic stresses. The six generalized strain states include one unit tension strain, two unit bending strains, one unit torsion strain, and two linear curvature strains of a Timoshenko beam. The six microscopic stress solutions of the unit cell problem under these six strain states have previously been used for the homogenization of composite beams to equivalent Timoshenko beams (Acta. Mech. Sin. 2022, 38, 421520), and they are employed in this work. In the first step of achieving structural stresses, two stress solutions concerning linear curvatures are transformed into two stress solutions concerning unit shear strains by linearly combining the stresses under two unit bending strains. Then, the six stress solutions corresponding to six generalized unit beam strains are combined together to predict the structural microscopic stresses, in which the six stress solutions serve as basic stresses. The last step is to determine the coefficients of these six basic stress solutions by the principle of the internal work equivalence. It is found that the six coefficients, in terms of the product of the inverse of the effective stiffness matrix and the macroscopic internal force column vector, are the actual generalized strains of the equivalent beam under real loads. The obtained coefficients are physically reasonable because the basic stress solutions are produced by the generalized unit strains. Several numerical examples show that the present method, combining the solutions of the microscopic unit cell problem with the solutions of the macroscopic equivalent beam problem, can accurately and effectively predict the microscopic stresses of whole composite beams. The present method is applicable to composite beams with arbitrary periodic microstructures and load conditions.

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Hyde, T. H., R. Sabesan e S. B. Leen. "Approximate Prediction Methods For Multiaxial Notch Stresses and Strains Under Elastic-Plastic and Creep Conditions". Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 40, n. 6 (1 agosto 2005): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932405x16016.

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This paper describes general techniques for predicting multiaxial notch stresses and strains under elastic-plastic and creep conditions. The Neuber method, which is often used in elastic-plastic analysis, has been adapted and extended for predicting creep equivalent notch stresses and strains, based on a time-stepping integration scheme. A linear interpolation method, often used in creep analysis, is adapted and extended for predicting elastic-plastic equivalent stresses and strains. Then notch principal stresses and strains are obtained by applying plasticity theory in combination with assumptions concerning the ratios of the stress or strain components. The accuracy of the predicted equivalent and principal stress and strain values are assessed by comparing predictions based on them with results obtained from finite element analyses.

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Frishter, Lyudmila. "Comparison of the stress and strain intensity factors for the corner area of the structure boundary". MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303029.

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The stress-strain state of structures in areas with corner cut-outs and cuts of boundaries features the occurrence of areas of stress concentration and requires assessment of strength and reliability of facilities, which is a relevant task in engineering practice. Theoretical analysis of stress-strain state (SSS) of corner cut-outs zones of the area boundary is reduced to the study of singular solutions of the elasticity theory problem with exponential features. At that, the concept of stress or strain concentration in an irregular point of the area boundary is meaningless. This paper considers the stress-strain state in the vicinity of the top of the corner cut-out of the flat area boundary, which is recorded using the intensity factors as limit values of stresses and strains. We give two approaches for obtaining the limit values for stress and strain in the vicinity of an irregular point of the plane area boundary using the stress intensity factors and the strain intensity factors. The stress-strain state in the corner cut-outs zone of structures and buildings boundary recorded in the form of limit values of stresses and strains may further be used to determine and record the influence of changing the factors of intensity of stresses and strains on SSS of structures, which is a separate task of solid mechanics. The difference in the expressions of stresses and displacements obtained for limit values of stresses and strains determines practical significance of the work when carrying out experiments and at determination of critical values of stresses and strains.

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Johnson, A. R., T. Chen e J. L. Mead. "Modeling Step—Strain Relaxation and Cyclic Deformations of Elastomers". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 75, n. 2 (1 maggio 2002): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544982.

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Abstract Data for step—strain relaxation and cyclic compressive deformations of highly viscous short elastomer cylinders are modeled using a large strain rubber viscoelastic constitutive theory with a rate—independent friction stress term added. In the tests, both small and large amplitude cyclic compressive strains, in the range of 1% to 10%, were superimposed on steady state compressed strains, in the range of 5% to 20%, for frequencies of 1 and 10 Hz. The elastomer cylinders were conditioned prior to each test to soften them. The constants in the viscoelastic—friction constitutive theory are determined by employing a nonlinear least-squares method to fit the analytical stresses for a Maxwell model, which includes friction, to measured relaxation stresses obtained from a 20% step—strain compression test. The simulation of the relaxation data with the nonlinear model is successful at compressive strains of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Simulations of hysteresis stresses for enforced cyclic compressive strains of 20%±5% are made with the model calibrated by the relaxation data. The predicted hysteresis stresses are lower than the measured stresses.

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Gu, Randy J., e Yung-Li Lee. "A New Method for Estimating Nonproportional Notch-Root Stresses and Strains". Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 119, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1997): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2805971.

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This paper presents a generalized two-step endochronic approach for estimating notch stresses and strains based on elastic stress solutions. In the first stress-controlled step, notch root strains are calculated from elastic stresses using a conventional uniaxial method, such as Glinka’s energy density method and Neuber’s rule. In the second strain-controlled step notch root stresses corresponding to the estimated local strains are calculated from the given material properties. Both stress-controlled and strain-controlled algorithms based on endochronic plasticity theory are presented herein. The proposed method is used to calculate multiaxial strains under monotonie and nonproportional loads. Various geometric constraints (plane stress, plane strain, and intermediate level) are also examined. The results are compared with experimental measurements by other researchers and with predictions from other models.

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Ezendiokwere, Nnamdi E., Victor J. Aimikhe, Adewale Dosunmu e Ogbonna F. Joel. "Influence of depth on induced geo-mechanical, chemical, and thermal poromechanical effects". Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, n. 7 (14 maggio 2021): 2917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01174-6.

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AbstractDelivering efficient and cost-effective drilled and excavated holes require effective prediction of instability along the hole profile. Most drilled and excavated hole stability analyses in the literature are performed for a given zone without considering the influence of depth. This study focused on determining the influence of depth on induced geo-mechanical, chemical, and thermal stresses and strains in drilled or excavated holes. To this end, a new porochemothermoelastic model was developed based on extended poroelastic theory, and the developed model was employed in determining induced strains and stresses for an oil and gas well case study, using data from the literature. The study delineated the different significance levels of geo-thermal-, chemical-, and thermal-induced strains and stresses as depth increased. From the results obtained, it was clear that at shallow depths, chemically induced strains and stress were the most significant formation perturbations responsible for instability of drilled and excavated holes. On the other hand, at deeper depths, geo-mechanical-induced strains and stress were the most predominant. Comparatively, thermally induced strains and stresses were found to be the least significant formation perturbations responsible for instability of drilled and excavated holes. For this case study, the results indicated that chemical strains and stresses were more prominent at depths below 170 m, accounting for more than 50% of the total stresses and strains. At 170 m, both chemical and geo-mechanical stress and strain had equal contributions to the overall stress and strain. However, as depth increased, the percentage contribution of the geo-mechanical component increased and accounted for about 80% of the total strains and stresses at 1000 m, which increased to 98.48% at depths of 6000 m and beyond. The findings of this study will provide guide for future studies on the application of extended poroelasticity theory in solving instability problems of drilled and excavated holes.

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Pyzalla, Anke R., Björn Reetz, Alain Jacques, Jean-Pierre Feiereisen, Olivier Ferry, Thomas Buslaps e Walter Reimers. "In-situ investigation of strain relaxation in an Al/Si–MMC using high energy synchrotron radiation". International Journal of Materials Research 95, n. 7 (1 luglio 2004): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2004-0119.

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Abstract Thermal and mechanical loading induce phase specific strains/stresses in MMCs. At elevated temperature part of the phase-specific strains/stresses relax. The relaxation of the phase-specific strains/stresses is determined by in-situ experiments using white high-energy synchrotron radiation. The experiments reveal that such time-resolved strain measurements are possible and that short-time phenomena can be accessed using white high-energy synchrotron radiation. The elastic strain relaxation behavior is similar for all lattice planes accessed. The influence of the temperature on the characteristic relaxation time is determined. The characteristic relaxation time appears to be independent of the amount of plastic deformation the sample suffers before strain/stress relaxation.

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Tesi sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Wijewickreme, Dharmapriya. "Behaviour of sand under simultaneous increase in stress ratio and rotation of principal stresses". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31410.

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Drained behaviour of sands under simultaneous increase in stress ratio and principal stress rotation is investigated. The hollow cylinder torsional (HCT) device which permits independent control of four stress parameters: mean normal stress σ'[subscript]m, stress ratio R, intermediate principal stress parameter b and the inclination α[subscript]σ of σ'₁ to the vertical, is adopted as the testing device. In order to conduct complex stress path testing in the HCT device, a new automatic stress path control system is developed. The stress non-uniformities due to the curvature of the HCT specimen is assessed using an incremental elastic representation of sand behaviour, in order to delineate the domain of stress space that could reliably be explored using the HCT device. It is shown that previous assessments of stress non-uniformities assuming linear elastic soil grossly overestimate the stress non-uniformities in a HCT sand specimen. A much larger domain of stress space with acceptable levels of non-uniformities is apparent from the results of incremental elastic analysis. New domain of stress space for reliable exploration using the HCT device is delineated and the testing program is developed so that all stress paths lie within these acceptable limits. Tests are carried out on pluviated sand under saturated drained conditions. The deformations under increasing R and α[subscript]σ is shown to be path independent, if the final stress state is within the approximate bounds of R ≤ 2 and α[subscript]σ ≤ 45°, regardless of the b or relative density D[subscript]r, levels. With increasing stress ratio R and/or principal stress rotation α[subscript]σ, the deformations gradually become path dependent. Once loaded to a stress state within the domain R ≤ 2 and α[subscript]σ ≤ 45°, the strain response under subsequent principal stress rotation is shown to be independent of the previous loading history. It is demonstrated that the strain response under any general increasing R - α path in the domain of R ≤ 2 and α[subscript]σ ≤ 45° can be predicted using the results of a limited number of tests characterizing that domain. It is shown that these concepts can be extended to loading paths which involve simultaneous increase of three stress parameters. Strain increment direction α[subscript]Δε is shown to be approximately coincident with and totally governed by the stress increment direction α[subscript]Δσ when the stress increment direction α[subscript]Δσ is more inclined towards the vertical deposition direction. When the stress increment direction is inclined closer to the bedding plane, the strain increment direction depends in addition, on other parameters such as R, α[subscript]σ and R[subscript]r etc. Under any stress path involving principal stress rotation, the deformations decrease with increasing density and therefore the principal stress rotation is more crucial in loose sands. Deformations increase with the level of stress ratio R. Level of b parameter does not affect deformations under principal stress rotation, if the rotations are small. However, with increasing α[subscript]σ deformations due to principal stress rotation tend to increase with decreasing b value.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Nagaraja, Srinidhi. "Microstructural Stresses and Strains Associated with Trabecular Bone Microdamage". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14093.

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Bone is a composite material consisting of hydroxyapatite crystals deposited in an oriented manner on a collagen backbone. The arrangement of the mineral and organic phases provides bone tissue with the appropriate strength, stiffness, and fracture resistance properties required to protect vital internal organs and maintain the shape of the body. A remarkable feature of bone is the ability to alter its properties and geometry in response to changes in the mechanical environment. However, in cases of metabolic bone diseases or aging, bone can no longer successfully adapt to its environment, increasing its fragility. To elucidate the mechanisms of bone microdamage, this research project developed a specimen-specific approach that integrated 3D imaging, histological damage labeling, image registration, and image-based finite element analysis to correlate microdamage events with microstructural stresses and strains under compressive loading conditions. By applying this novel method to different ages of bovine and human bone, we have shown that the local mechanical environment at microdamage initiation is altered with age. We have also shown that formation of microdamage is time-dependent and may have implications in age-related microdamage progression with cyclic and/or sustained static loading. The work presented in this dissertation is significant because it improved our understanding of trabecular bone microdamage initiation and unlocked exciting future research directions that may contribute to the development of therapies for fragility diseases such as osteoporosis.

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Koob, Christopher E. "High temperature fiber optic strain sensing". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171339/.

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Junge, Michael Dominic Alexander. "Measurement of applied stresses using the polarization of Rayleigh surface waves". Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164653/unrestricted/junge%5Fmichael%5Fd%5Fa%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in E.S.M.)--School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Laurence Jacobs and Jianmin Qu.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-117).

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Udakara, Deepthi De Silva. "Experimental study of a modified flat dilatometer under plane strain condition". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22089007.

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Kennedy, Kevin Francis. "A method for metal deformation and stress analysis in rolling". Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261418472.

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Diercks, David Robert Kaufman Michael Joseph. "Measurement of lattice strain and relaxation effects in strained silicon using x-ray diffraction and convergent beam electron diffraction". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3978.

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Swett, Lauren J. "Seasonal Variations of Pavement Layer Moduli Determined Using In Situ Measurements of Pavement Stress and Strain". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SwettLJ2007.pdf.

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Kingston, Kristopher William. "Shear stresses under waves and currents". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25097.

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This study set out to investigate the shear stress behaviour at the bed under combined wave and current action. The intention of the study was to make experimental measurements to determine how wave and current shear stresses combine, so that theoretical models describing the combined flow condition could be proposed. Two types of experiment were conducted, and theoretical models for the combined flow were assessed. One set of experiments attempted to use a shear plate to make direct measurements of the combined flow shear stress, and of the shear stresses for the component waves and steady currents. This approach failed because the large correction terms introduced by the non-uniform wave pressure field could not be accurately estimated. The second set of experiments used a laser doppler anemometer to make detailed velocity profile measurements over flat sediment beds. The onset of sediment motion was used as a criterion to carefully control the experiments. It is assumed that the threshold of sediment motion represents a specific shear stress intensity at the bed for sediments of narrow size ranges. As the shear stresses can be determined from the velocity fields under waves and currents, their additive nature under combined flow conditions could be investigated. For each sediment size range, it is shown that the same maximum velocity very near the bed can be used to specify the threshold of sediment motion condition for all flow types, be they under waves, currents, or combined waves and currents. It is also shown that the near-bed velocity under a laboratory wave can be predicted accurately from second order wave theory and that the velocity under a current can be predicted from combining Manning's relation with the universal log velocity law. It is further shown that the near-bed velocity under a combined wave and current can be described by the vectorial addition of the maximum component wave velocity and the average component current velocity. The shear stress for the onset of motion is calculated for the steady current using Manning's relation, for the wave by combining the oscillatory shear stress formula with Kamphuis's rough turbulent friction factor relation, and for the combined wave and current by the simple vectorial addition of the component shear stresses, and is shown to be comparable with Shields's threshold criterion for nearly all conditions tested.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Seki, Wataru. "Analysis of strain localization in hyperelastic materials, using assumed stress hybrid elements". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19088.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Szarliński, Jan. Stan naprężenia i obciążenie graniczne masywnych konstrukcji z betonu. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska, 1989.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., a cura di. Traction stresses. [Montréal?: s.n., 1991.

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L, Window A., a cura di. Strain gauge technology. 2^a ed. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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Archer, Robert R. Growth Stresses and Strains in Trees. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02511-6.

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Archer, Robert R. Growth stresses and strains in trees. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Deville, J. P. Stress and Strain in Epitaxy: Theoretical Concepts, Measurements and Applications. Burlington: Elsevier, 2001.

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B, Fichter W., e Langley Research Center, a cura di. A finite-element alternating method for two-dimensional mode-I crack configurations. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics ansd Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1988.

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Craver, W. Lionel. Vibration frequencies of tapered bars with nonclassical boundary conditions. El Paso, Tex: University of Texas at El Paso, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Dept., 1988.

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Mei, C. Multiple-mode nonlinear free and forced vibrations of beams using finite element method. Norfolk, Va: Old Dominion University Research Foundation, 1987.

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Chamis, C. C. Simplified composite micromechanics for predicting microstresses. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Johnson, Anthony, e Keith Sherwin. "Stresses and strains". In Foundations of Mechanical Engineering, 157–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7112-8_8.

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Krenk, Steen, e Jan Høgsberg. "Stresses and Strains". In Statics and Mechanics of Structures, 321–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6113-1_8.

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Das, Braja M. "Stresses and strains". In Advanced Soil Mechanics, 65–107. 5th edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351215183-2.

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Singh, Dinesh Kumar. "Simple Stresses and Strains". In Strength of Materials, 1–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59667-5_1.

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Kumar, B. Raghu. "Simple Stresses and Strains". In Strength of Materials, 1–13. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003298748-1.

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Fuchs, Maurice Bernard. "Applied Strains and Initial Stresses". In Structures and Their Analysis, 235–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31081-7_13.

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Greenblatt, Milton. "Internal Dynamics: Stresses and Strains". In Anatomy of Psychiatric Administration, 109–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9179-2_5.

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Muvdi, B. B., e J. W. McNabb. "Torsional Stresses, Strains, and Rotations". In Engineering Mechanics of Materials, 159–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3022-9_4.

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Huda, Zainul. "Complex/Principal Stresses and Strains". In Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 143–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84927-6_8.

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Čanađija, Marko. "Temperature-Dependent Thermoplasticity at Finite Strains". In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 4813–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_666.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Klein, Claude A. "Multilayered optical windows: strains, stresses, and curvature". In AeroSense '99, a cura di Randal W. Tustison. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.354629.

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Lee, C., S. Lin, C. Lee e S. Lin. "Residual stresses and strains in composite tubes". In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2722.

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Dhayea Assi, Abdullah. "A New Main Matrix to Find the Principal Stresses, Strains and the Max - Shear Stress, Strain by MATLAB Simulation". In The 2nd International Conference on The Future Sustainable Energy. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-clvs2s.

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In this research, a main matrix has been derived from the stress components in the inclined plane with an angle θ that calculates the normal stresses and shear stress in the inclined plane to be used in calculating the main stresses and the maximum shear stress in one step, this is done using the principal stress angle which is calculated from known stress compounds. As well as calculating the maximum shear stress after using the correction factor. The inverse of this derived matrix can be used to calculate the stress compounds through the known principal stresses and this applies to the components of the principal strain and strain, and the maximum shear strain. All this is done through MATLAB simulation Keywords: Normal Stresses and Strains, Shear, Principal Stresses, max. Shear Stress

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Askari, Davood, Hiroshi Asanuma e Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad. "A Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stresses in Active Fiber Composites With Embedded Metal-Core Piezoelectric Fibers and Macro Fiber Composites". In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79049.

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Residual stresses are basically developed due to intrinsic and extrinsic strains that form during the processing of composite materials. The extrinsic strains can be determined using Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), material properties, geometry of the structure, and processing conditions. Finite Element Method (FEM) as an efficient alternative technique for stress and strain analysis of the micromechanical systems and structures, has been employed to numerically investigate the residual stresses developed in Metal-Core Piezoelectric Fibers (MPF) and Active Fiber Composites (AFC) (or Macro Fiber Composites (MFC)), during the processing. Here in this work, ANSYS Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software is used to develop three different 3-dimensional models for MPF and MFC structures and then each model is solved for strain and stress results. Next, the stress and strain components of these models are studied throughout the structures to identify the magnitude and type of the stresses and strains within the constituent materials and then compared.

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Nun˜ez, J. E., e G. Glinka. "Approximate Analysis of Creep Strains and Stresses at Notches". In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1888.

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A method for the estimation of creep induced strains and stresses at notches has been developed. The purpose of the method is to generate a solution for the time-dependent strain and stress at the notch root based on the linear-elastic stress state, the constitutive law, and the material creep model. The proposed solution is an extension of Neuber’s rule used for the case of time-independent plasticity. The method was derived for both localized and non-localized creep in a notched body. Predictions were compared with finite element data and good agreement was obtained for various geometrical and material configurations in plane stress conditions.

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Šittner, Petr, Ondřej Tyc, Elizaveta Iaparova, Orsolya Molnarová, Yuchen Chen e Luděk Heller. "On Plastic Strains Generated by B2-B19’ Martensitic Transformation in NiTi Proceeding under External Stress". In SMST 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.smst2024p0052.

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Abstract Stress-strain-temperature thermomechanical responses of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) due to B2 - B19’ martensitic transformation (MT) shall be ideally phase and strain reversible in closed loop thermomechanical load cycles, in which the austenite and martensite phases do not deform plastically. However, this is the case only when MT proceeds at zero or very low externally applied stresses. When MT proceeds under larger externally applied stresses, it generates small plastic strains recorded in closed loop thermomechanical load cycles (black curve in Fig. 1a). Since such small plastic strains are generated whenever MT proceeds under external stress, residual plastic strains, internal stress and lattice defects accumulate in cyclic thermomechanical loads giving rise to instability of cyclic thermomechanical responses (Fig. 1h) called “functional fatigue”.

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Kazeminia, Mehdi, e Abdel-Hakim Bouzid. "Analysis of Stresses and Strains in Packed Stuffing-Boxes". In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28570.

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Packed stuffing-boxes are mechanical sealing systems that are extensively used in pressurized valves and pumps. Yet there is no standard design procedure that could be used to verify their mechanical integrity and leak tightness. It is only recently that standard test procedures to qualify the packing material have been suggested for adoption in both North America and Europe. While the packing contact stress with the side walls is predictable using existing models there is no analytical methodology to verify the stresses and strains in the stuffing-box housing. This paper presents an analytical model that analyzes the stresses and strains of all the stuffing box components including the packing rings. The developed model will be validated both numerically using FEM and experimentally on an instrumented packed stuffing box rig that is specially designed to test the mechanical and leakage performance of different packing materials.

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Wahl-Wachendorf, xxx, Dirk Seidel, Thomas Solbach e Martina Severin-Tölle. "691 Mental stresses and strains in construction sector employees". In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1672.

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Beattie, Deborah K., Raymond P. Vito, Chengpei Xu e Seymour Glagov. "Determination of Stresses and Strains in Heterogeneous, Diseased Human Aorta". In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1191.

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Abstract Atherosclerosis continues to be a leading cause of death and disability in this and other western industrialized nations. Although little is known regarding the relationships between stresses and strains in the arterial wall and disease etiology, one of the most clinically relevant issues is the stability of the established plaque. In this research, an experimental technique was developed to determine the finite strain field in heterogeneous, diseased arterial cross-sections in vitro. The distribution of histologic attributes such as lipid accumulations, regions of calcification, and the plaque fibrous cap is quantified. By coupling experimental and histologic data in a finite element analysis, plaque mechanical properties, stresses, and strain energies can be determined using an optimization approach. Such results form a basis for establishing links between the composition of diseased vessels and plaque failure in vivo.

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Sulwinski, Rafal, e Rusty Johnston. "Methodology for Validation of Finite Element Analysis Utilizing Strain Gauge Measurements". In ASME 2023 Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvuq2023-108749.

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Abstract As analysis utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM) has become widely adopted in engineering practices and incorporated into governing standards, physical validation of these analyses is often forgone. Physical validation gives insight into the validity of assumptions and simplifications commonly used to efficiently process FEM simulations. This paper proposes that one reason physical validation is commonly forgone is a lack of knowledge of a general end to end methodology for the physical measurement, processing, and comparison of data. This paper presents such a methodology for the comparison of structural mechanical finite element analysis against strain gauge measurements utilizing the test case of a pressure vessel. Rectangular, three-axis, 45° strain gauge rosettes have been used to obtain normal strain inputs. The limitations and pitfalls of employing strain gauges with less than three measuring directions are briefly discussed. A procedure is provided for converting the three measured normal strains into three principal strains, von Mises equivalent strain and maximum shear strain. The principal directions, as well as an algorithm needed to resolve the ambiguity of the angle between the principal directions and gauge axes, are provided as well. Then, the strains are converted into principal stresses, von Mises equivalent stress and maximum shear stress. The post-processed strain gauge readings are visualized by employing 3D Mohr’s Circle for stress and strain. The visualization provides clear proof that the maximum shear lies on a plane different from the one on which the gauge has been attached. Using the described methodology, comparison shows that the difference between the FEA results and the post-processed strain gauge readings is less than 5%. The magnitudes of principal stresses and strains, the equivalent stress and strain, as well as the maximum shear stress and strain are compared. Besides the magnitudes of stresses and strains, the principal directions are compared and scrutinized, revealing the corroboration between the FEA and the physical measurements. This corroboration gives validity to both the methodology and assumptions, such as plane stress, used.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Strains and stresses"

Burdick, L. J., e J. S. Barker. Strains and Stresses Near Explosions and Earthquakes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada181198.

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Holden, T., R. Hosbons e J. Root. CWI1988-Andi-21 Neutron Diffraction of Axial Residual Strains Near a Circumferential Crack. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011391.

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The intent of the experiments reported here was to measure the axial residual strain at the 6:00 position of a girth-weld in the presence of a crack which had propagated a few millimeters from the inside diameter of the llnepipe. The linepipe, 914 mm diameter and average thickness 16.2 mm had been previously examined at Chalk River and the strains at the 1:30, 6:00 and 10:30 positions had been measured prior to the introduction of the crack. Large changes in the level of axial residual strain and introduction of strong through-wall strain gradients are observed on re- welding 16 mm line pipe with wet cellulose electrodes. Ahead of the crack, in the mid-wall the strains correspond to yield stresses. Compressive strains are noted behind the crack and at the outside diameter. The tensile strains at the mid-wall remain very large around the circumference beyond the crack.

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Alexander, Chris. PR-562-184500-R01 Feasibility Study of Piggable Plug Technologies for Onshore Pressure Isolation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), aprile 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011665.

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Pipeline isolation tools from three different manufacturers were evaluated using full-scale testing and numerical modeling to evaluate stresses generated in 24-inch diameter pipe material considering tool-induced loads and internal pressure. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to calculate stresses and strains considering different pipe sizes, material grades, and internal pressures. The FEA results were used to generate a user-friendly parametric tool that was validated with measurements made using strain gauges installed on the test spools. The program demonstrated that the isolation tools are an effective means for isolating pressures without inducing excessive levels of stress or damage to the internal pipe surfaces.

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Djondjorov, Peter, Kostadin G. Kostadinov e Georgi I. Stoilov. Modeling of Stresses and Strains in Cell Membranes Subjected to Micro-Injection. GIQ, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/giq-12-2011-178-185.

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Kiefner, J. F., J. M. Tuten e T. A. Wall. L51516 Preventing Pipeline Failure in Areas of Soil Movement - Part 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010303.

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Ordinarily, buried pipelines undergo little or no movement in service. In a stable soil environment the longitudinal stress in a pipeline seldom approaches the limiting design value set by applicable codes and regulations. Pipeline serviceability under such conditions is seldom, if ever, threatened by the degree of longitudinal stress. In contrast, localized areas may exist along a pipeline where soils and/or slopes are unstable or where subsidence or differential settlement can occur. In these areas, longitudinal stresses may become severe enough to cause a failure. Over the years various techniques have been developed to monitor the status of pipelines in unstable areas, and various remedial techniques have been attempted. In more recent times, with the advent of Arctic and offshore pipelining, such potential movements of pipelines are being taken into account in the initial designs. In any case, there is a continuing need to develop better monitoring and remedial techniques to prevent pipeline failures in unstable soil areas. The objectives of this project are to develop a versatile and reliable prototype strain monitoring system, to demonstrate its applicability on an actual pipeline, and to establish allowable limits on strains due to soil movement or subsidence. The scope of the project includes:(1) Review of previous or on-going monitoring efforts by others.(2) Analysis of strains and development of models to predict strain behavior(3) Calculations to establish limits on strains(4) The design and construction of a microprocessor-controlled automatic monitoring system(5) The implementation of the system on an actual pipeline(6) The collection, analysis and interpretation of strain data from the system.

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Graville, B. A. L51707 Factors Affecting Heat Affected Zone Root Strains in Pipeline Girth Welds and Repairs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), novembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010219.

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A previous study on hydrogen cracking in the heat affected zone of pipeline girth welds and repairs found that large strains in the HAZ transverse to the weld played a major role in causing cracking. Large transverse strains were believed to arise from bending of the weld due to the thermal contraction of the weld around the pipe circumference. Large root strains were simulated in the laboratory using a bend test which enabled the effect of material composition and strength to be studied. In the bend test, the specimen deflection at the onset of cracking, indicated by a drop in load, was used as a measure of susceptibility to cracking. The study showed that increasing the base metal strength for the same HAZ (achieved experimentally by heat treating the same base metal) resulted in a decrease in the critical deflection. This suggested that considerable strain concentration was occuring in the HAZ which increased as the base metal strength increased. Although the study succeeded in quantifying the effects of base metal composition and strength on the sensitivity to cracking, the program did not attempt to address the factors that influence the degree of strain applied to the weld. Specifically, the study only considered a single weld metal strength, and only one pipe wall thickness was addressed. Thus it was not clear whether the move to higher strength pipes welded with higher strength electrodes or a change in the dimensions of the pipe might increase the exposure to cracking risks. Furthermore, if bend tests are used to screen materials, the question is raised as to whether the acceptance level of critical deflection should be changed for higher strength materials. Heat affected zone cracking was observed in both complete circumferential welds (tie-in welds) and in part-circumferential welds (repairs). Various procedural details, such as heat input and length of repair, could influence the root strain and might warrant specific controls to minimize risk of cracking. This study assessed the effects of weld metal strength, pipe thickness, pipe diameter, heat input, and weld (repair) length on root strains in girth welds. A literature review was conducted and simple analysis methods were applied to identify areas with a high risk for cracking. The results show that high tensile stresses in the axial direction on the inside surface of the pipe result from the radial contraction of the weld and consequent bending of the pipe. Welding procedures with high heat inputs and few weld passes tend to have the greatest effect on stress. Multipass welds decrease the tensile stress, which becomes compressive after a certain thickness. Base metal and weld metal strength were shown to significantly impact strain in the heat-affect zone.

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Genchev, Yancho, Nelly Staneva e Desislava Hristodorova. Approach for Analysis of Strains and Stresses in an Upholstered Furniture Frame Using Finite Elements Based System. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ottobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.10.12.

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Cook, W. A. Generalized finite strains, generalized stresses, and a hybrid variational principle for finite-element computer programs using curvilinear coordinates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6288515.

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Grene Alscher, Ruth, Jonathan Gressel, Carole Cramer, Abraham Warshawsky e Elizabeth Grabau. Mechanisms of Oxidant Resistance in Weed and Crop Species. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613041.bard.

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A large body of evidence has accumulated showing that plant strains that are tolerant to a particular oxidant stress have a modicum of cross-tolerance to other oxidant stresses, whether caused by transient heat, drought, cold or oxidizing air pollutants or herbicides. We have studied a multienzyme scavenging system associated with oxidant tolerance at the metabolic and molecular levels in the model systems of pea and Conyza. Data from our experimental systems suggest that both development and subcellular compartmentalization play important roles in stress tolerance. The behavior of the chloroplast may differ from that of the cytosol. Further study of these controls is needed to acquire the understanding needed to generate oxidant stress tolerant field crops.

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Alexander, Chris, e Atul Ganpatye. PR652-203801-R03 Full-scale Testing to Evaluate the Performance of Large Standoff Magnetometry. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012203.

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This report documents the full-scale testing efforts undertaken to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of Large Standoff Magnetometry (LSM) technology from the perspective of quantifying stresses or strains in a pipeline subjected to geohazard loading conditions. The fundamental motivation behind this project is motivated by the need for developing LSM as a global non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique to supplement the traditional approach for estimating pipeline curvature/strain in geohazard loading scenarios. The goal of the full-scale testing was to bend a representative, real-world pipe sample to predetermined loading/deflection levels, scan the bent pipe using LSM technologies from multiple vendors, and then compare the stress/strain results provided by the LSM results to those that are directly measured during the test - effectively validating the technology and increasing confidence in the use of LSM for pipeline curvature/strain measurement. The report discusses the basis of the design for the full-scale testing setup, measured data during the tests, and the LSM results provided by the two vendors (Speir Hunter and Transkor). The discussion provided in this document will be valuable for operators in understanding applicability, gaps, and potential improvements in the LSM technology in the context of curvature/strain estimation originating from geohazard loading conditions. Related webinar.

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