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1
Borris, Matthias, Heléne Österlund, Jiri Marsalek e Maria Viklander. "An exploratory study of the effects of stormwater pipeline materials on transported stormwater quality". Water Science and Technology 76, n. 2 (31 marzo 2017): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Implications of three sewer pipe materials (concrete, galvanized corrugated steel, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) for stormwater quality were explored in laboratory experiments, in which three types of stormwater, SW1–SW3, were circulated in 0.5 m long sewer pipe sections. SW1 and SW2 represented synthetic rainwater, without and with fine street sediment added (CTSS = 150 mg/L), respectively, and SW3 was actual stormwater with the same sediment addition as SW2. Following 20-min runs, with an equivalent distance of 500 m travelled by water particles, a number of statistically significant changes in the stormwater chemistry were observed: (i) pH of all the simulated stormwaters increased in the concrete pipe (from 7.0–7.3 to 8.1–9.3), (ii) turbidity decreased in two stormwaters with sediments (SW2 and SW3) in concrete and galvanized corrugated steel pipes (by 50 and 85%, respectively), (iii) the type of stormwater affected the observed copper (Cu) concentrations, with Cudiss concentrations as high as 25.3 μg/L noted in SW3 passing through the PVC pipe, and (iv) zinc (Zn) concentrations sharply increased (Zntot = 759–1,406 μg/L, Zndiss = 670–1,400 μg/L) due to Zn elution from the galvanized steel pipe by all three stormwaters. Such levels exceeded the applicable environmental guidelines.
2
Stenstrom, Michael K. "Stormwater". Water Environment Research 76, n. 5 (settembre 2004): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.2004.tb00222.x.
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Stenstrom, Michael K. "Stormwater". Water Environment Research 85, n. 9 (settembre 2013): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.2013.tb00133.x.
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4
Lau, S. L., E. Khan e M. K. Stenstrom. "Catch basin inserts to reduce pollution from stormwater". Water Science and Technology 44, n. 7 (1 ottobre 2001): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0381.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stormwater contamination represents the largest source of contaminants to many receiving waters in the United States, such as Santa Monica Bay in Los Angeles, California. Point sources to these same waters generally receive secondary or better treatment before they are released, and they are usually discharged through outfalls that diffuse the wastewater plume to prevent it from contacting the shoreline. Stormwaters receive no treatment and reach the receiving waters through a variety of ways, but most enter through catch basins or inserts to storm drains that terminate at the beach or in shallow coastal areas. Under these conditions, the stormwater discharge may have greater impact on the quality and utility of the receiving water than the treated wastewater discharges. One method of reducing pollution is to equip catch basins with an insert that can capture pollutants. A number of commercially available devices exist but few have been evaluated by independent parties in full-scale applications. A series of tests using bench and full-scale devices under both laboratory and field conditions were conducted to evaluate their ability to remove trash and debris, suspended solids and oil and grease in stormwaters. The results presented in the paper should provide a basis for future insert development and application.
5
Wenk, William, e Billy Gregg. "Stormwater Gardens (Convey, Capture, and Reuse: Stormwater)". Landscape Journal 17, Special Issue (1998): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.17.special_issue.24.
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6
Durchschlag, A. "Long-Term Simulation of Pollutant Loads in Treatment Plant Effluents and Combined Sewer Overflows". Water Science and Technology 22, n. 10-11 (1 ottobre 1990): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0290.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As a result of urbanization, the pollutant discharges from sources such as treatment plant effluents and polluted stormwaters are responsible for an unacceptable water quality in the receiving waters.In particular, combined sewer system overflows may produce great damage due to a shock effect. To reduce these combined sewer overflow discharges, the most frequently used method is to build stormwater storage tanks. During storm water runoff, the hydraulic load of waste water treatment plants increases with additional retention storage. This might decrease the treatment efficiency and thereby decrease the benefit of stormwater storage tanks. The dynamic dependence between transport, storage and treatment is usually not taken into account. This dependence must be accounted for when planning treatment plants and calculating storage capacities in order to minimize the total pollution load to the receiving waters. A numerical model will be described that enables the BOD discharges to be continuously calculated. The pollutant transport process within the networks and the purification process within the treatment plants are simulated. The results of the simulation illustrate; a statistical balance of the efficiency of stormwater tanks with the treatment plant capacity and to optimize the volume of storm water tanks and the operation of combined sewer systems and treatment plants.
7
Grigg, Neil S. "Stormwater Programs". Public Works Management & Policy 18, n. 1 (8 ottobre 2012): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x12461259.
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Beard, Leo R. "Stormwater management". Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 18, n. 3-4 (agosto 1993): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0265(93)90012-v.
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Bean, Marcy, e Nathan Campeau. "Innovations in Stormwater Management: Towerside District Stormwater System". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, n. 11 (1 gennaio 2018): 3547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825135694.
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Zhang, Shan Feng. "Green Street: Landscape Design Approach to Street Stormwater Management". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (giugno 2010): 1601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1601.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stormwater is a resource, but the traditional stormwater management practices treat it as a waste and cause many problems. Green Street is a new method to manage the street stormwater runoff through the landscape architecture application. By analyzing the origin, definition and function of the Green Street, it can draw a conclusion that the Green Street originates from America, it is a street that uses natural process to manage stormwater runoff at the source, and it can improve street water environment, create attractive streetscape, enhance neighborhood livability, etc. Also, the Green Street has five different types, including stormwater curb extension, stormwater planter, stormwater swale, pervious paving and infiltration garden. Finally, through analyzing two examples of Green Street application in Portland, Oregon, it proved that Green Street is a high effective and low-cost method to manage the street stormwater runoff. In brief, Green Street will have increasingly important significance for the street stormwater management when it is used widespread gradually.
11
Langeveld, J. G., H. J. Liefting e F. C. Boogaard. "Uncertainties of stormwater characteristics and removal rates of stormwater treatment facilities: Implications for stormwater handling". Water Research 46, n. 20 (dicembre 2012): 6868–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.001.
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Fujita, Shoichi. "Measures to promote stormwater infiltration". Water Science and Technology 36, n. 8-9 (1 ottobre 1997): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0681.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Japan, infiltration facilities have been constructed systematically and enthusiastically at many construction sites, such as, roads, parks, houses, schools, rivers, and sewers. In this study, methods for spreading stormwater infiltration are proposed by making use of these experiments and achievements of stormwater infiltration. At first, the problems concerning stormwater infiltration are introduced. Secondly, measures for spreading stormwater infiltration are considered, and in fact, stormwater infiltration technology is spread by these methods.
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Rybicki, Stanislaw M., e Joanna Krystkowiak. "Adverse impact of municipal solid waste transportation on collected stormwater biosolids quality". MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this paper was to identify possible specific contamination of stormwater biosolids, with a special emphasis on pollution associated with transportation of municipal solid wastes to the waste utilization plant. The study area for sampling includes two selected points of separate stormwater collection system in Cracow. Samples of stormwater and biosolids were collected during spring-summer-autumn season addressed towards rainy days to check the scope of the problem The results led to conclusion, whether the waste utilization plant impacts the stormwater quality, compared to the high-traffic road. The largest pollutants found in stormwater near the plant were nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) however general content of organic matter in biosolids collected in separated stormwater system also confirmed adverse impact of solid waste transportation on stormwater sludge (biosolids) quality.
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Boyer, K. Brian, e Mark S. Kieser. "Western Michigan University becomes Stormwater NeutralSM – Applying Stormwater Offsets". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, n. 12 (1 gennaio 2015): 567–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819541369.
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Sidek, L. M., M. R. Zainal Abidin, F. Z. Esfahani e H. Basri. "Stormwater quality modeling for upscaling MSMA stormwater management ecohydrology". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 16 (17 giugno 2013): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012048.
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Spahr, Stephanie, Marc Teixidó, David L. Sedlak e Richard G. Luthy. "Hydrophilic trace organic contaminants in urban stormwater: occurrence, toxicological relevance, and the need to enhance green stormwater infrastructure". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, n. 1 (2020): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00674e.
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Marini, Alyssa G., Brandon A. Lieberthal e Allison M. Gardner. "Production of Culex pipiens in Stormwater and Combined Sewer Catch Basins". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2020): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6934.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Man-made stormwater and sewage infrastructure, particularly roadside catch basins, provides widespread habitats for immature mosquitoes in urban and suburban environments. Historically, throughout much of the USA, stormwater, sewage, and industrial wastewater were conducted together through “combined” sewer systems, discharging a combination of stormwater and wastewater into streams. Within recent decades, many cities have replaced these combined sewers with “stormwater only” systems that separate stormwater from wastewater. The objective of this research was to evaluate the implications of this infrastructure conversion for production of Culex pipiens, a primary vector for West Nile virus. On a weekly basis over 14 wk, 20 catch basins (10 combined sewer and 10 stormwater only) were sampled for mosquito larvae and emerging adults using the dipping collection method and floating emergence traps. Abundance of larval Cx. pipiens was higher in combined sewer compared with stormwater-only catch basins, while to the contrary, abundance of adult Cx. pipiens was lower in combined sewer compared with stormwater-only catch basins. This study is the first to reveal that habitat attractiveness and quality for Cx. pipiens may vary between combined sewer and stormwater-only catch basins, and our results contribute to a growing body of research to inform vector management and urban planning efforts as municipalities consider the environmental and public health implications of conversion from combined sewage management to separation of stormwater and wastewater.
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Aryal, Rupak, Jatinder Sidhu, Meng Chong, Simon Toze, Wolfgang Gernjak e Bandita Mainali. "Role of Environmental Variables in the Transport of Microbes in Stormwater". Water 13, n. 9 (21 aprile 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Microbial pathogens present in stormwater, which originate from human sewage and animal faecal matters, are one of the major impediments in stormwater reuse. The transport of microbes in stormwater is more than just a physical process. The mobility of microbes in stormwater is governed by many factors, such as dissolved organic matter, cations, pH, temperature and water flow. This paper examined the roles of three environmental variables, namely: dissolved organic matter, positive cations and stormwater flow on the transport of two faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. Stormwater runoff samples were collected during twelve wet weather events and one dry weather event from a medium density residential urban catchment in Brisbane. Enterococcus spp. numbers as high as 3 × 104 cfu/100 mL were detected in the stormwater runoff, while Escherichia coli numbers up to 3.6 × 103 cfu/100 mL were observed. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the stormwater samples was in the range of 2.2–5.9 mg/L with an average concentration of 4.5 mg/L in which the hydrophilic carbon constituted the highest mass fraction of 60–80%. The results also showed that the transport of FIB in stormwater was reduced with an increasing concentration of the hydrophilic organic fraction, especially the humic fraction. On the contrary, the concentration of trivalent cations and stormwater flow rate showed a positive correlation with the FIB numbers. These findings indicated the potentiality to make a good use and measurement of simple environmental variables to reflect the degree of microbe transport in stormwater from residential/suburban catchments.
19
Song, Du e Ye. "Analysis of Potential Risks Associated with Urban Stormwater Quality for Managed Aquifer Recharge". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 17 (27 agosto 2019): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can be used to increase storage and availability of groundwater resources, but water resources available for recharge are constrained due to a surface water shortage. Alternative resources, like stormwater, are receiving increasing attention as sustainable resources for reuse in MAR. However, pollutants in stormwater can impact groundwater quality, and cause clogging of the infiltration system. Based on the stormwater data in the literature, the physicochemical stormwater properties of data were analyzed. The results showed that concentrations of pollutants from different underlying surfaces varied widely. The main pollutants of stormwater were as follows: Total suspended particles (TSSs), organic matter represented by the chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (total nitrogen, TN; total phosphorus, TP; and NH3–N), and metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, and Mn). Based on the simulation of TOUGHREACT, the contamination risk of pollutants for each type of stormwater was assessed. The risk of contamination was divided into four categories due to the different migration times of ions through the sand column. The iron ion has the highest risk of contamination, followed by Zn and Mn, and the contamination risk of nutrients and other metals (Pb, Cu, and Cd) are relatively low. Besides, the physical, biological, and chemical clogging risk were evaluated. The physical clogging potential of all types of stormwater is very high because of the high concentration of TSS. According to the concentration of TN that can spur the growth of bacteria and algae, the relative risk of biological clogging for stormwater is greenbelt stormwater < road stormwater < roof stormwater. However, only road stormwater has high chemical clogging due to the existence of iron, which can generate precipitation that blocks the pore volume.
20
Wijesiri, Buddhi, Erick Bandala, An Liu e Ashantha Goonetilleke. "A Framework for Stormwater Quality Modelling under the Effects of Climate Change to Enhance Reuse". Sustainability 12, n. 24 (14 dicembre 2020): 10463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410463.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water scarcity, which is exacerbated by climate change, is a major challenge to ensure human well-being. Therefore, it is equally important to protect conventional water resources from degradation and at the same time to identify cost-effective alternatives with a low carbon footprint. In this regard, stormwater plays a key role as it is a largely under-utilised resource for both, potable and non-potable use. However, stormwater carries substantial loads of pollutants to receiving waters such as rivers. Unfortunately, the lack of comprehensive stormwater quality modelling strategies, which account for the effects of climate change, constrains the formulation of effective measures to improve the quality of stormwater. Currently, there is a significant knowledge gap in the merging of stormwater quality modelling and climate modelling. This paper critically reviews current stormwater quality modelling approaches (quantity and quality) and the role of climate modelling outputs in stormwater quality modelling. This is followed by the presentation of a robust framework to integrate the impacts of climate change with stormwater quality models.
21
Askar, M., e M. Islam. "FIVE-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER CONTROL MEASURES - TOOL FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT". Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", n. 2 (21 dicembre 2022): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-335.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most stormwater infrastructures are aging and deteriorating in the United States. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) announced in its 2021 Report Card for America's Infrastructure that stormwater infrastructure has received a 'D' grade. The primary study objective is to help decision-makers deal effectively with the control measures of the limited-budgeted, ambiguous and inconsistently applied operation and maintenance of stormwater infrastructures. A five-dimensional assessment model for operation and maintenance of stormwater control measures (5D-SAM) was developed, including location, quality, time/quantity, cost, and environmental aspects. The model is very effective in helping decision-makers identify the current stormwater infrastructure conditions, predict the future state, manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner. It helps determine whether a distressed stormwater system is beneficial to be demolished or it would be cost-effective to either repair, rehabilitate or retrofit. Moreover, the model can be utilized for fast and accurate assessment and better resource allocation for strategic planning of stormwater infrastructures.
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Kordana, Sabina. "The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems". E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Land cover changes may cause a disturbance in the water cycle, the consequence of which is an increase in the volume of stormwater runoff. In such a situation, the use of traditional stormwater systems leads to a number of problems, including the hydraulic overload of these systems and the deterioration of rivers. Therefore, stormwater management clearly affects the quality of life in a particular area. In order to facilitate effective stormwater management, the paper identifies and assesses factors that impact the sustainability of stormwater systems. Using the premises of PESTLE analysis, these factors were categorized as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, or Environmental. Assessments from an expert team were also used to identify elements that are crucial for the development of innovative solutions for stormwater management.
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He, Jianxun, Caterina Valeo, Angus Chu e Norman F. Neumann. "Water Quality Assessment in the Application of Stormwater Reuse for Irrigating Public Lands". Water Quality Research Journal 43, n. 2-3 (1 maggio 2008): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Stormwater reuse for irrigating public lands presents a viable option for reducing potable water demand in urban settings. However, stormwater generally contains high pollutant levels, which may cause adverse effects on public health and the environment. Water quality in a stormwater retention pond in the City of Calgary, Alberta, was examined in order to assess the feasibility of reusing stormwater for irrigation purposes. Field campaigns were conducted in the 2004, 2005, and 2006 irrigation seasons. The water quality data indicated that the pond water quality generally satisfies the requirements for stormwater recycled as irrigation water. Relationships between stormwater quality and climatological variables were investigated using correlation and regression analysis. Their correlations suggest that intermittent rain events contribute to elevated microbial levels and total suspended solids (TSS). Other climatological variables—air temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, and relative humidity—are also correlated with certain water quality parameters including fecal coliform (FC), TSS, nutrients, and conductivity. Formulated regression equations demonstrate good predictions of observed FC and TSS using climatological variables. Results showing stormwater quality as a function of climatological variables imply that climate change might have potential influence on stormwater quality.
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LeBleu, Charlene, Mark Dougherty, Keith Rahn, Amy Wright, Ryan Bowen, Rui Wang, Jeisson Orjuela e Kaylee Britton. "Quantifying Thermal Characteristics of Stormwater through Low Impact Development Systems". Hydrology 6, n. 1 (5 febbraio 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Urbanization causes alteration of the thermal regime (surface, air, and water) of the environment. Heated stormwater runoff flows into lakes, streams, bays, and estuaries, which potentially increases the base temperature of the surface water. The amount of heat transferred, and the degree of thermal pollution is of great importance to the ecological integrity of receiving waters. This research reports on a controlled laboratory scale test to assess low impact development (LID) stormwater control measure impacts on the thermal characteristics of stormwater runoff. We hypothesize that LID stormwater control measures (SCMs) such as pervious surfaces and rain gardens/bioretention can be used to mitigate the ground level thermal loads from stormwater runoff. Laboratory methods in this study captured and infiltrated simulated stormwater runoff from four infrared heated substrate microcosms (pervious concrete, impervious concrete, permeable concrete pavers, and turf grass), and routed the stormwater through rain garden microcosms. A data logging system with thermistors located on, within, and at exits of the microcosms, recorded resulting stormwater temperature flux. Researchers compared steady state temperatures of the laboratory to previously collected field data and achieved between 30% to 60% higher steady state surface temperatures with indoor than outdoor test sites. This research helps establish baseline data to study heat removal effectiveness of pervious materials when used alone or in combination as a treatment train with other stormwater control measures such as rain gardens/bioretention.
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Geyler, Stefan, Norman Bedtke e Erik Gawel. "Sustainable Stormwater Management in Existing Settlements—Municipal Strategies and Current Governance Trends in Germany". Sustainability 11, n. 19 (5 ottobre 2019): 5510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195510.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While a policy of more decentralized stormwater management is increasingly being pursued in areas containing new housing developments, the question arises as to how stormwater management is handled in existing settlements, where restructuring the drainage system is a much more complex affair and often requires the active involvement of property owners. Recognizing that the multidimensional objectives of stormwater management in settlements call for a range of local strategies, this article examines the interaction and strategic contribution of two key municipal institutions for regulating stormwater management, namely, compulsory connection and usage and stormwater charges, in order to examine how they meet these objectives when property owners are involved. The following questions are addressed: How do these two key institutions link the varied objectives of stormwater management with practical options for decentralization? Which institutional designs are capable of integrating property owners into a municipal stormwater strategy in a coherent manner? What is current local government practice? This article begins by analyzing the interactions between different objectives of stormwater management, the interplay of the two key institutions, and options for stormwater management on private properties. On this basis, we then present an empirical study of current practice in 44 medium to large cities in Germany. This shows that while local governments devise very different—and often inconsistent—institutional designs, decentralization is quite commonly pursued in existing settlements.
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Abduljaleel, Yasir, e Yonas Demissie. "Identifying Cost-Effective Low-Impact Development (LID) under Climate Change: A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach". Water 14, n. 19 (25 settembre 2022): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Low-impact development (LID) is increasingly used to reduce stormwater’s quality and quantity impacts associated with climate change and increased urbanization. However, due to the significant variations in their efficiencies and site-specific requirements, an optimal combination of different LIDs is required to benefit from their full potential. In this article, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was coupled with the stormwater management model (SWMM) to identify both hydrological and cost-effective LIDs combinations within a large urban watershed. MOGA iteratively optimizes the types, sizes, and locations of different LIDs using a combined cost- and runoff-related objective function under both past and future stormwater conditions. The infiltration trench (IT), rain barrel (RB), rain gardens (RG), bioretention (BR), and permeable pavement were used as potential LIDs since they are common in our study area—the city of Renton, WA, USA. The city is currently adapting different LIDs to mitigate the recent increase in stormwater system failures and flooding. The results from our study showed that the optimum combination of LIDs in the city could reduce the peak flow and total runoff volume by up to 62.25% and 80% for past storms and by13% and 29% for future storms, respectively. The findings and methodologies presented in this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve the performance of large-scale implementations of LIDs.
27
Jovanovic, Dusan, Rebekah Henry, Rhys Coleman, Ana Deletic e David McCarthy. "Integrated conceptual modelling of faecal contamination in an urban estuary catchment". Water Science and Technology 72, n. 9 (15 luglio 2015): 1472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.363.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Urban stormwater is regarded as a key input of faecal contamination in receiving water bodies and therefore, a major concern for health risks associated with aquatic recreation. Wastewater leakages, cross connections and overflows, together with faeces washed from surfaces during rainfall events, are possible origins of faecal contamination which enter these water bodies through stormwater drains. This paper applies conceptual models to a case study of the Yarra River estuary to understand the relative importance of fluxes derived from an urban creek and the 219 urban stormwater pipes which drain directly to the estuary as compared with other inputs, such as the Yarra River itself. Existing hydrologic-microorganism models were used for the estimation of the inputs from riverine and urban stormwater fluxes. These predictions were applied as boundary conditions for a new, highly simplified, model which accounts for the transport and survival of faecal microorganisms in the estuary. All models were calibrated using a rich dataset, containing over 2,000 measured Escherichia coli concentrations. Mass balances from the riverine and stormwater models indicate the limited influence of urban stormwater drains on the estuary during dry weather; less than 0.05% to 10% (5th and 95th percentile; median 0.5%) of the total daily E. coli load entering the estuary was derived from urban stormwater drains. While wet weather contributions from stormwater drains could be more significant (2% to 50%; 5th and 95th percentile), the average contribution remained marginal (median 10%). Sensitivity testing of the estuarine microorganism model by switching off stormwater boundary conditions resulted in minimal model efficiency reduction; this may reflect the low average daily contribution from urban stormwater drains. While these results confirm previous studies which show that E. coli loads derived from stormwater drains are dwarfed by other inputs, it is essential to note that these results also demonstrate that some conditions reveal the opposite; high proportions from stormwater are possible when combined with low riverine inputs and high urban rainfall. Furthermore, this study focuses on the overall impacts of direct urban stormwater inputs on the faecal contamination levels within the estuary, and localized impacts would certainly require further investigation.
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Brodie, Ian M. "Stormwater reuse treatment requirements and screening-level risk assessment at two urban spatial scales". Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 2, n. 1 (1 marzo 2012): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2012.072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Monitoring was conducted at two urban spatial scales (lot-scale road surface and residential subdivision) to assess treatment requirements for non-potable stormwater reuse by irrigation. A screening-level risk assessment was also made focusing on metals, nutrients, cations and pesticides. Composite stormwater samples were taken at two locations in Toowoomba, Australia. Road runoff had higher treatment requirements for suspended solids but less for disinfection. No organic load or salinity reduction is generally needed, and pH adjustment is an occasional requirement for road runoff only. For both stormwaters, hardness was rated at very soft, which may potentially increase corrosion of irrigation equipment. Sodium adsorption ratios were also low indicating a limited risk of soil degradation under irrigation. Nutrient and metal concentrations also pose a low risk. High turbidity and low alkalinity of road runoff makes it easier to treat with coagulants compared to the subdivision runoff. Pesticide analysis of 121 compounds found road runoff concentrations below levels of detection, except for Simazine and Hexazinone. Although detectable, these pesticide concentrations were within Australian drinking water guidelines.
29
Larm, Thomas, Anna Wahlsten, Jiri Marsalek e Maria Viklander. "A Data-Driven Approach to Stormwater Quality Analysis in Two Urban Catchments". Sustainability 14, n. 5 (2 marzo 2022): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052888.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The StormTac Web model, representing a low-complexity conceptual model (LCCM), was applied to two urban catchments featuring stormwater quality controls, a stormwater pond or a biofilter. The model calculates annual average runoff from annual precipitation and land-use specific volumetric runoff coefficients and baseflows (in storm sewers), which are multiplied by the corresponding mean stormwater quality constituent concentrations obtained from the recently upgraded StormTac Database, to yield constituent loads. The resulting runoff loads pass through the stormwater quality control facilities (a stormwater pond or a biofilter) where treatment takes place and its efficacy is described by “reduction efficiencies”. For the four selected stormwater quality constituents (TP, Cu, Zn, TSS) and two study catchments, a 201-ha residential Ladbrodammen and an 8.2-ha Sundsvall traffic corridor, the compositions of stormwater entering and leaving the control facilities were calculated by StormTac Web and compared against the measured data. In general, the calculated concentrations were smaller than the measured ones, and these differences were reduced, but not eliminated in all cases, by considering uncertainties in both calculated and measured data. Uncertainties in calculated values consisted of two components, a flow component (assumed as 20%) and a concentration component, which was assumed equal to the relative standard error (RSE) of the data in the StormTac Database. Explanations of differences in calculated and measured stormwater data were discussed with respect to temporal changes and trends in environmental practices and stormwater quality monitoring and enhancement by treatment.
30
Zhang, Yixin, Weihan Zhao, Xue Chen, Changhyun Jun, Jianli Hao, Xiaonan Tang e Jun Zhai. "Assessment on the Effectiveness of Urban Stormwater Management". Water 13, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stormwater management is a key issue in line with global problems of urbanization and climate change. Assessing the effectiveness in managing stormwater is crucial to maintain urban resilience to flooding risk. A method based on a stormwater management model (SWMM) was developed for assessing the control of stormwater runoff volume and the percentage removal of suspended solids by implementing a Sponge City strategy. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted incorporating Low Impact Development (LID) with urban green infrastructure and grey infrastructure paradigms in a typical old residential community in Suzhou, China. Sponge facilities for reducing stormwater runoff included bio-retention cells, permeable pavements, grassed pitches, and stormwater gardens. The simulation results of SWMM show that the stormwater pipe system can meet the management standard for storms with a five-year recurrence interval. The volume capture ratio of annual runoff was 91%, which is higher than control target of 80%. The suspended solids reduction rate was 56%, which meets the requirement of planning indicators. Thus, the proposed method of spongy facilities can be used for renovation planning in old residential areas in China. Implementing spongy facilities with a LID strategy for stormwater management can significantly enhance urban water resilience and improve ecosystem services.
31
Kordana-Obuch, Sabina, e Mariusz Starzec. "Statistical Approach to the Problem of Selecting the Most Appropriate Model for Managing Stormwater in Newly Designed Multi-Family Housing Estates". Resources 9, n. 9 (5 settembre 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9090110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stormwater is a valuable resource, whose management in harmony with nature is one of the main challenges of modern water management. The problems encountered are additionally exacerbated by the lack of space for the development of sustainable drainage systems. For that reason, new housing estates should be designed considering efficient stormwater management. This paper assesses five stormwater management models to determine the statistically most appropriate model for managing stormwater in newly designed multi-family housing estates using multi-criteria analysis. Various options were assessed by means of the scoring method based on six groups of criteria (political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental). The research considered the different views and priorities of the experts involved in stormwater management in Poland. A survey conducted among them showed that the statistically most suitable way of managing stormwater is its infiltration into the ground with the use of infiltration basins or tanks. Only if the possibility of their application is excluded, should the application of other models of stormwater management, especially its retention, be considered. It is expected that the research results presented in this paper will be a guide for investors and developers, and their use will allow people who are not experts in the field of stormwater management to make appropriate decisions.
32
Reyes, Nash Jett D. G., Franz Kevin F. Geronimo, Heidi B. Guerra e Lee-Hyung Kim. "Bibliometric Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Stormwater Treatment Wetlands: Global Research Trends and Existing Knowledge Gaps". Sustainability 15, n. 3 (27 gennaio 2023): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stormwater treatment wetlands are widely recognized as efficient and cost-effective solutions to growing stormwater problems. This study presented a new approach to evaluating the current status and trends in stormwater treatment wetlands research. The annual scientific productivity of different states was identified using a bibliometric analysis approach. The number of publications related to stormwater treatment wetlands has exhibited an increasing trend since the earliest record of publication. USA and China were among the states that had the most number of stormwater treatment wetlands-related publications and international collaborations. In terms of the population-to-publication ratio, Australia, Canada, and South Korea were found to have a higher level of scientific productivity. Analysis of frequently used keywords and terms in scientific publications revealed that the efficiency of stormwater treatment wetlands and the processes involved in the removal of nutrients and trace elements were adequately investigated; however, inquiries on the removal of organic micropollutants and emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, microplastics, and industrial compounds, among others, are still lacking. Through the comprehensive review of related scientific works, the design, components, and primary factors affecting the performance of stormwater treatment wetlands were also identified. Future works that address the aforementioned knowledge gaps are recommended to optimize the benefits of stormwater treatment wetlands.
33
Kerkez, Branko, Cyndee Gruden, Matthew Lewis, Luis Montestruque, Marcus Quigley, Brandon Wong, Alex Bedig et al. "Smarter Stormwater Systems". Environmental Science & Technology 50, n. 14 (8 luglio 2016): 7267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05870.
Testo completo
34
Park, M. H., I. K. Ridgeway, X. Swamikannu e M. K. Stenstrom. "Evaluation of stormwater BMPs for implementing industrial stormwater permitting strategy". Water Science and Technology 62, n. 11 (1 dicembre 2010): 2558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study assesses the performance of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) in industrial sectors and their effluent quality to facilitate the development of technology-based numerical effluent criteria. Generally, retention ponds outperform other BMP types for reducing total suspended solids, and media filter and wetland basins outperform other BMPs for metal removal. Detention basins were not effective in reducing stormwater pollution although they can retain the stormwater before entering surface waters. However, many BMPs show high variability of influent and effluent concentrations and no significant difference between them, which makes it difficult to determine the effectiveness of the BMP. In some cases, low influent concentrations govern the distribution of effluent concentrations and effluent concentrations are often greater than inflow concentrations. The analysis results can be used to assist in the developing a watershed based multisector industrial stormwater general permit to ensure compliance with total maximum daily loads. The results also suggest the need for additional monitoring data.
35
Schiff, Kenneth, e Brock Bernstein. "THE STORMWATER MONITORING COALITION: STORMWATER RESEARCH NEEDS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, n. 13 (1 gennaio 2002): 736–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784163227.
Testo completo
36
Freeborn, John R., David J. Sample e Laurie J. Fox. "RESIDENTIAL STORMWATER: METHODS FOR DECREASING RUNOFF AND INCREASING STORMWATER INFILTRATION". Journal of Green Building 7, n. 2 (aprile 2012): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.7.2.15.
Testo completo
37
Aldheimer, G., e K. Bennerstedt. "Facilities for treatment of stormwater runoff from highways". Water Science and Technology 48, n. 9 (1 novembre 2003): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0505.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stormwater is the major water inflow to many water bodies in Stockholm. Stockholm City has adopted a strategy, which defines the need to treat different kinds of stormwater entering different receiving waters. The Stockholm Water Company has tested various ways of treating stormwater. In 2000, the City of Stockholm arranged a stormwater treatment technology competition. Prizes were awarded to four winning entries. One installation was completed in 2001 and another is now under construction.
38
Heinzmann, Bernd. "Coagulation and flocculation of stormwater from a separate sewer system – a new possibility for enhanced treatment". Water Science and Technology 29, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1994): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0624.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the upgrading of the wastewater treatment plants in Berlin, the significance of stormwater as a loading factor for receiving waters increases. Therefore it is important to ensure an adequate treatment of the stormwater from a separate sewer system. The preliminary tests have shown that for a coagulation and flocculation of the weakly buffered and very soft stormwater polyaluminium chloride (with a share of cationic flocculant aid), which reacts less acidic, is especially suitable. The optimum dose is 0.06 mmol/l Al3+, whereby the pH value has never fallen below 6. The colloids (as a rule a negative charge) have been destabilized by the mechanism of adsorption coagulation. Sometimes the mechanism of sweep coagulation came into operation. In the pilot plant investigations it was possible to work with a constant dosage of polyaluminium chloride because the pH value and the acid combining capacity during the stormwater flow remained relatively unchanged. The best enhanced stormwater treatment process is coagulation and flocculation in a pipe designed for both microfloc and macrofloc formation and separation by filtration. In this case, in particular phosphate, organic compounds, filterable solids and anthropogenic substances, e.g. lead (a high portion of which comes into receiving waters in Berlin by stormwater) and copper could be removed. These results indicate that, in general, this process works more efficiently than a stormwater tank where only particles can settle. The results were basically used for a draft concept for enhanced treatment of stormwater runoff from the motorway Avus in Berlin. The following treatment process should be implemented: coagulation and flocculation in pipes, sedimentation, filtration and percolation into the underground. Through the storage of stormwater before treatment a smaller treatment plant can be constructed and problems due to flow variations may be avoided. The storage should take place in a stormwater drainage system with a larger than normal volume. The cost for this treatment concept is approximately 10 % to 40 % higher than the cost of the treatment in a stormwater tank.
39
Kordana, Sabina, e Daniel Słyś. "Decision Criteria for the Development of Stormwater Management Systems in Poland". Resources 9, n. 2 (21 febbraio 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9020020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Progressing urbanisation is one of the key causes of environmental degradation. This problem also applies to stormwater management. For this reason, drainage infrastructures should be designed in harmony with nature and the decision for selecting a specific stormwater management system solution must not be taken on an ad-hoc or single-perspective basis. The purpose of this paper is to identify the criteria for selecting the best solution for a problem involving the selection of a stormwater management system, and to present a method that will enable all relevant criteria to be taken into account in the decision-making process. The developed decision problem structure takes into account all criteria related to the construction and operation of stormwater infrastructure, and its individual elements were identified based on the analysis and synthesis of information regarding the principles of stormwater management in Poland. The presented approach will allow for the taking into account of all, often mutually exclusive, criteria determining the choice of the stormwater management system option. This, in turn, will make it possible to significantly simplify the decision-making process. The indicated criteria can form the basis for choosing the most favorable stormwater management system for both large urban catchments and individual facilities. Thanks to the considerable flexibility of the developed decision problem structure, its widespread application can contribute to improving the efficiency of stormwater management systems. An example of the developed model’s application in a decision-making process is presented, concerning the selection of a design variant of a single-family residential building’s stormwater management system in Poland. Four design variants were included in the analysis, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process was used as the tool to select the most favorable option. This study shows that nature-based solutions are the most beneficial decision stormwater management options.
40
Wong, Tony H. F., e N. L. G. Somes. "A stochastic approach to designing wetlands for stormwater pollution control". Water Science and Technology 32, n. 1 (1 luglio 1995): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Central to wetland design for stormwater pollution management is the proper control of the hydrologic regime of these wetlands and wet detention basins. The paper proposes a stochastic approach in determining the appropriate wetland size for stormwater treatment in recognition of the inherent variability of stormwater runoff and pollutant load generation within a storm event and between storm event. The determination of wetland size would include the use of stochastic generation of stormwater runoff and continuous wetland behaviour simulation. A typical design chart summarising the interaction between wetland size, prescribed retention period of stormwater and wetland hydrologic effectiveness for Melbourne is presented. The chart enables the selection of the appropriate storage volume and outlet characteristics on the basis of long-term average effectiveness of the wetland to retain stormwater over a desired minimum period rather than a prescribed level of performance for an individual probablistic event.
41
Nouh, M., e N. Al-Noman. "Regression models for the prediction of water quality in the stormwater of urban arid catchmentsA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, n. 2 (febbraio 2009): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s08-048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Data from five residential urban arid catchments were used to develop regression equations for predicting mean concentrations of selected heavy metals in the stormwater runoff from duststorm and stormwater flow properties. The selected metals are copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). The concentrations of the selected metals were predicted through two groups of equations. The first group of equations relates concentrations of suspended sediment with duststorm and stormwater parameters, whereas the second group relates the concentrations of the suspended sediment with those of heavy metals in the stormwater runoff. The results of the predictions encouraged recommendations on the use of the equations in the investigated catchments and identified the relative importance of the stormwater runoff and duststorms on the accumulation and transportation of heavy metals in the stormwater runoff. Based on the obtained results, recommendations concerning water quality control in arid areas are made.
42
Mitamura, Hiroaki, e Masaki Fujie. "Evolutionary Transition of Stormwater Pump System in Tokyo". Journal of Disaster Research 16, n. 3 (1 aprile 2021): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0421.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the roles of sewerage is to effectively discharge stormwater and protect urban areas from inland flooding, but there are several challenges to overcome. Urban development is progressing in Tokyo, and the amount of stormwater flowing into the sewers is increasing. In order to respond to the increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall in recent years, it is necessary to improve the capacity of stormwater pumps. The Bureau of Sewerage Tokyo Metropolitan Government has been working on the technological development of higher-performance stormwater pumps since the 1950s, when initial-type stormwater pumps were installed. The technological development history of stormwater pumps in Tokyo can be broadly divided into four periods. The first period spanned approximately 30 years when initial-type pumps, which start to operate after stormwater flows into the pump station, were active. In the second period, which spans approximately 20 years from 1980, two types of pumps were developed; a non-water supply pump that could operate reliably even in an earthquake, and a standby operation pump that could respond to sudden stormwater inflow during torrential rains. The third period spans approximately 15 years from 1999, when the waterless standby pump, which integrated the features of the two pumps developed in the second period, was developed and introduced. The fourth period is the era of pumps with higher performances than third period pumps developed after 2015. Currently, these stormwater pumps are operated together with a rainfall radar system that accurately grasps the rainfall situation and protects the citizens of Tokyo from inland flooding.
43
Yoo, Jaehyun, e Kitae Park. "Stormwater Utility Fee Estimation Method for Individual Land Use Areas". Sustainability 14, n. 16 (17 agosto 2022): 10211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610211.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In South Korea, a reasonable rate system that can be domestically applied to calculate sewage and stormwater separately from the domestic sewage fee system is needed. This study proposed a phased pricing scenario to separate sewage and stormwater in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, and the rate changes were compared based on a simulated calculation of the stormwater utility fee. In this investigation, stormwater runoff cases from other countries and the current domestic system were analyzed. A stormwater utility fee introduction scenario was presented that considers the impervious surface area. Water and sewage usage statistics and hydrant spatial data were collected from the Incheon Metropolitan City Waterworks Authority, and the total amount of water and sewage fees from the land use area were calculated. The stormwater utility fee was calculated, and the rates of each step were compared. The total sewage fee of Bupyeong-gu during 2014 was KRW 21,685,446,578, and the phased stormwater utility fee was calculated, assuming that 40% represents the stormwater cost. The sewage fee for the residential area in phase 3 decreased by 0.77% compared to phase 1. For the commercial areas, the sewage fee decreased by 36.87%. Because the impervious surface ratio was high, the overall area contributing to the impervious surface area was small. In the industrial area, the sewage fee increased by 8.35%. In the green area, the sewage fee increased by 37.46%. The sewage fee for the apartment complexes decreased by 10.6%. Finally, the possibility of estimating the actual stormwater utility fee was confirmed.
44
Awang Ali, Awang Nasrizal, Nurmin Bolong e Nazaruddin Abdul Taha. "A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION OF GRANULAR FILTER MEDIA AND THE UTILIZATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR STORMWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT". Jurnal Teknologi 83, n. 4 (7 giugno 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.15159.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The stormwater management practices have changed from conveyance-oriented to storage-oriented, as part of the Best Management Practices (BMPs). Still, uncontrolled development increases potential pollutants in the stormwater, which conveys into a water body or river. Continuous improvements in the filtration mechanism would complement stormwater management. For the past decades, there is progress in applying granular filter media for stormwater quality improvement. However, the reports were not systematically reviewed. In this paper, the recent five years research that utilizes granular filter media for improving stormwater quality was retrieved and reviewed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was referred to, where Scopus and Web of Sciences, two primary journal databases, were used. Initially, keywords searching strings have resulted in 467 articles, which were further screened. Four themes have been formed: stormwater management, stormwater characteristics, separation mechanisms, and future perspectives. Next, two sub-themes and two sub-sub-themes were further established. Then, 65 articles were included manually to complement the themes developed to explore the potential agro-industrial wastes as sustainable filter media. Therefore, this review has proven that the relatively inexpensive and renewable resources from the agro-industrial wastes can remove pollutants efficiently from the stormwater. Four main criteria affecting filter media performances are also highlighted, including the grain sizes of the media, media bed configuration, hydraulic loading rate, and the suspended solids concentration. Further study on these variables can be beneficial to explore the impact of utilizing agro-based media in stormwater filtration.
45
Khailash Dhasan Velautham, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Samira Albati Kamaruddin e John Lawrence Meyers. "Design of Oil Water Separator for the Removal of Hydrocarbon from Stormwater Contaminated with Jet-Fuel". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 92, n. 1 (5 marzo 2022): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.92.1.162176.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The airport, in general, has a huge catchment area and a hardstand area that includes runways, taxiways, as well as parking aprons. Therefore, these areas are expected to produce a huge volume of stormwater. Besides this problem, the jet fuel and suspended solids contaminate the stormwater flow rate; hence, much consideration should be given in designing the treatment system to ensure that there is no back-flow expected during the high stormwater production to avoid any flooding occurrences in the airports. Currently, the stormwater treatment system in the Malaysian airport is minimal, and there is no specific treatment for the stormwater contaminated with jet fuel in Malaysia. In this paper, an oil-water separator named Corrugated Plate Interceptor (CPI) was explored to treat stormwater contaminated with jet fuel in the airport. Treating the airport stormwater contaminated with oil, grease, or jet fuel could significantly reduce the contamination issue and develop an environmentally friendly airport in Malaysia. The CPI has combs of plates arranged in packs, and this creates the surface areas for the removal reaction of jet fuel and suspended solids between the incoming contaminated stormwater and the plates. Accordingly, in this paper, the design and development of CPI were discussed, particularly on the design criteria for the oil-water separator, standardized tank dimensions, oil storage capacity in the tank, sludge storage capacity in the tank, and finalized plate packs.
46
Zhao, Jerry, Camila Fonseca e Raihana Zeerak. "Stormwater Utility Fees and Credits: A Funding Strategy for Sustainability". Sustainability 11, n. 7 (30 marzo 2019): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lack of stable and dedicated funding has been a primary challenge for municipalities in the United States to implement effective stormwater management programs. Stormwater utility fees (SUFs), as user fees, are an alternative dedicated revenue source to fund stormwater management. When complemented with stormwater utility credits or discounts, SUFs provide greater flexibility to adopting best management practices and reducing stormwater runoff at a lower overall cost to the community. While SUFs have been increasingly used, there is little systematic research on this topic. This paper reviews literature on how SUFs work, discusses the mechanisms for setting the fees, and provides examples of different rate structures from across the U.S. Then, we use the findings of the literature to evaluate SUFs as a funding strategy for stormwater management based on four revenue evaluation criteria of efficiency, equity, revenue adequacy, and feasibility. Overall, the literature indicates that stormwater utility fees are a more efficient and environmentally sustainable source of revenue that allows for long-range planning of capital improvements and operations, but their high political visibility and legal obstacles can affect their effective implementation. However, more empirical research is needed to assess these propositions. There is a lack of literature on effective SUF designs, equitable fee types, the extent to which SUFs lead to change in public behavior and their impact on business and stormwater management investments in a municipality.
47
Bäckström, M., P. A. Malmqvist e M. Viklander. "Stormwater management in a catchbasin perspective - best practices or sustainable strategies?" Water Science and Technology 46, n. 6-7 (1 settembre 2002): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0675.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A strategy for sustainable stormwater management is needed. This study has focused on the relative importance of stormwater as a pollutant source in a catchbasin, if Best Management Practices (BMPs) result in pollutant removal or pollutant redistribution, and methods for screening of stormwater strategies. Stormwater is most likely an important pathway for pollutants in a catchbasin perspective. True pollutant removal can only be achieved if the pollutant sources are eliminated. Until that is reached, we should have the best possible control of the pollutant fluxes in the watershed. This study indicates that the search for a sustainable stormwater strategy could be easier to handle if different “screens” could be used. The Swedish environmental objectives, which try to encapsulate all aspects of sustainability, may be used as a foundation for a “sustainability screen”. By using this screen, the “unsustainable” features of different stormwater strategies could be pointed out. A “standards and legislation screen” will be based on the EU Water Framework Directive. As this study has shown, it is doubtful whether the conventional BMPs, such as stormwater ponds and infiltration facilities, produce a sufficient pollutant control.
48
Rentachintala, Lakshmi Raghu Nagendra Prasad, M. G. Muni Reddy e Pranab Kumar Mohapatra. "Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review". Water Science and Technology 85, n. 4 (22 gennaio 2022): 1120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Stormwater drainage in urban areas has become a challenge due to the rapid and random growth of urban areas, removal of vegetation, reduction in the effectiveness of drainage infrastructure, and climate change. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Low Impact Development (LID), Best Management Practices (BMP), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) and the Sponge City Programme (SCP) are various aspects for urban stormwater management in a few parts of the world. Urban hydrology plays a vital role in the urban stormwater management system. However, optimal results can only be possible when the combined effect of climate change, land use patterns, reuse, treatment, ecology, and societal aspects are considered. There is a need to provide sustainable and resilient urban drainage systems to manage stormwater more efficiently. The present review has thoroughly discussed various features related to urban stormwater management, highlighted key drivers, identified knowledge gaps in each of the measures and/or practices, recommended future research needs of urban stormwater management to become sustainable and resilient. Integrated modelling approaches considering various key drivers including reuse and real time governance enables stormwater management to be sustainable and resilient in urban environments.
49
Tong, Peihao, Hongxi Yin, Zhifang Wang e Ian Trivers. "Combining Stormwater Management and Park Services to Mitigate Climate Change and Improve Human Well-Being: A Case Study of Sponge City Parks in Shanghai". Land 11, n. 9 (16 settembre 2022): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091589.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Due to climate change and rapid urbanization, contemporary cities face the dual challenges of providing sufficient stormwater management and adequate park services, which potentially conflict over limited space and resources. To solve these problems, cities are increasingly combining stormwater infrastructure with park space in ways that create new efficiencies. To date, most research has focused on the stormwater management performance aspect of these combinations and not the techniques employed to achieve the combined goals. To fill this gap, 23 sponge city parks in Shanghai were investigated to examine the combination of stormwater and park services. Our findings show that stormwater techniques were primarily combined with the park facilities of water areas, paved open spaces, and pathways. Additionally, we found that larger parks employed a wider range of techniques for managing stormwater runoff and supported broader sets of park activities, while those at smaller scales prioritized infiltration, detention, and purification measures, as well as concentrated on social and economic activities. This study is the first to explore SPC parks that integrate stormwater management and park services, thereby providing implications for SPC development in China and insights into the ways that the two properties can be combined in other cities.
50
Zhou. "Correlations of Stormwater Runoff and Quality: Urban Pavement and Property Value by Land Use at the Parcel Level in a Small Sized American City". Water 11, n. 11 (12 novembre 2019): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the urban environment keeps growing, stormwater management programs have been adopted to address unregulated nonpoint runoff and pollutants across the world. Extensive studies on stormwater runoff and quality at smaller spatial scales exist, but are rare at larger spatial scales. Using the City of Corvallis, Oregon, a small sized American city, as a test-bed, this study estimates urban stormwater runoff and quality by zoning, which specifies land uses, and by parcel, which defines land ownership using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and high resolution land use and land cover data. The correlations between stormwater runoff volume, stormwater quality, parcel land cover sizes, and values are then analyzed and visualized in RStudio. The results indicate that stormwater runoff and quality are determined by complex biophysical processes, with strong correlations between urban spatial sizes and property values for some land uses being observed. The research results provide suggestions for low impact development applications for different land uses, and the findings in this research can be used to suggest stormwater management policy for various land uses in small sized cities.