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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Stokes (Computer program)"
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Cao, Wei, Chuan Fu Xu e Zheng Hua Wang. "Heterogeneous Computing for a CFD Solver on GPU/CPU Computer". Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (settembre 2013): 1252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1252.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The high-order schemes have attracted more and more attention in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. As a kind of high-order schemes, weighted compact nonlinear schemes (WCNSs) have been widely applied. In recent years, the highly parallel graphics processing unit (GPU) is rapidly gaining maturity as a powerful engine for high performance computer. This paper studies the heterogeneous parallel computation and implementation of a high-order CFD program on Tianhe-1A supercomputer system. The CFD program is intended for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations on multi-block Cartesian meshes for aerodynamics research. The solver utilizes the high-order WCNS scheme for space discretization and Jacobi iteration method for time discretization. The performance analyses show that the single-GPU solver achieves about 8× speed-ups relative to a serial computation on a CPU core.
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Akgun, B. Tevfik. "The Digital Art of Marbled Paper". Leonardo 37, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409404772828120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The author describes his development of a computer-based paper-marbling tool, based on a traditional Turkish art form in which marbled-paper figures and patterns are created on the surface of a liquid bath. Similar works can be obtained by simulating fluid flows on a computer, using the Navier-Stokes equations as the physical model of the fluid flows. The author has created an application program that includes marbling tools. Such a program must run in real time, so that hand-eye coordination is required of the user. Real-time simulation of fluid flows requires much processor power. The author has attempted to adapt this technique for use with a personal computer. To decrease the processing power required, the image size may be decreased, but the results may not be as satisfactory
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Aktaev, Nurken E., e Tatiana A. Penkina. "Applicability of the approximation of Stokes for calculating the velocity of a steam-air jet over a locally heated water surface". Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 6, n. 1 (2020): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2020-6-1-166-175.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a mathematical model of an air steam flow arising above a locally heated water surface. The model is based on the system of equations of free convection in the Boussinesq approximation and is implemented as a computer program in C language. Numerical simulation aided in obtaining the velocity fields of the jet are obtained at various values of the water surface temperature. The values of the flow velocities obtained in the framework of the Stokes approximation are compared with the calculated values based on the results of experiments on the levitation of water droplets. As a result of the comparison, the condition of the applicability of the approximation of Stokes to estimate the velocity of an air steam flow is formulated.
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Uzoma, Mathew Shadrack. "APPLICATION OF THE DEDUCTIONS FROM NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FLOW VELOCITY AND THROUGHPUT IN A GAS PIPELINE BY COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH". European Journal of Physical Sciences 1, n. 1 (17 settembre 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejps.400.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Theoretical treatment of gas pipeline pressure-flow problem had been presented applying Navier Stokes equation reduced to their appropriate forms by applicable practical conditions. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis tally with the operating conditions of the case study pipelines. The pipelines being Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and ElfTotal Nigeria Limited. The results obtained by numerical discretization suggested that these pipelines are not optimally operated. Hence, the need to adjust the flow situation to bring pressure and flow throughput to optimal level of performance. Throughput in excess of the operating conditions could be accommodated by these operating pipelines. It is imperative that this could prevent the spread of these vital capital intensive assets. The funds so conserved could be diverted to sourcing for new gas fields to increase the nation’s strategic reserves.Purpose: The purpose of this work is to enable comparative analysis of the results of the deductions from Nervier Stokes equations with that generated by computer simulation of the discrete formulation.Methodology: Outlining the deductions and developing the discrete formulation. Computer program was developed for the discrete formulation and operational data from operating gas pipelines injected both for the deductions and computational algorithmic coding and the deduced expressions from the Nervier Stokes equations. Results obtained were compared in a bid to address line throughput subject to the operational conditions of the specified gas pipelines in this study.Findings: The output results of the Nervier Stokes deductions matched closed with operational throughput of the two gas pipelines. The numerical discretization simulation results confirmed that additional throughput far and above 1.8m3/s could still be accommodated by these gas pipelines.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: As earlier predicted, our existing gas pipelines are grossly under-operated. Additional capacity much more than the operational capacity could still be accommodated by these gas pipelines.
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Kalis, Harijs, e Ilmārs Kangro. "VORTICAL FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLUID IN FINITE CYLINDER". Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 13, n. 3 (30 settembre 2008): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2008.13.371-381.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effective use of vortex energy in production of strong velocity fields by different devices is one of the modern areas of applications, developed during the last decade. In this paper the distribution of velocity field for viscous incompressible fluid in a pipe with a system of finite number of circular vortex lines, positioned on the inner surface of the finite cylinder is calculated. The approximation of the corresponding boundary value problem for the Navier‐Stokes equations is based on the finite difference method. This procedure allows us to reduce the 2D problem decribed by the system of Navier‐ Stokes PDEs to the monotonous difference equations. Calculations are done using the computer program Matlab and the following regimes are calculated: a) the flow in a smooth pipe; b) the flow, poured inside a pipe through the circle; c) the flow, poured inside a pipe through the ring. The model is investigated for different values of parameters Re (Reynolds number), G(swirl number) and A (vortex intensity).
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Dawes, W. N. "A Numerical Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Viscous Flow in a Transonic Compressor Rotor and Comparison With Experiment". Journal of Turbomachinery 109, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The numerical analysis of highly loaded transonic compressors continues to be of considerable interest. Although much progress has been made with inviscid analyses, viscous effects can be very significant, especially those associated with shock–boundary layer interactions. While inviscid analyses have been enhanced by the interactive inclusion of blade surf ace boundary layer calculations, it may be better in the long term to develop efficient algorithms to solve the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. Indeed, it seems that many phenomena of key interest, like tip clearance flows, may only be accessible to a Navier–Stokes solver. The present paper describes a computer program developed for solving the three-dimensional viscous compressible flow equations in turbomachine geometries. The code is applied to the study of the flowfield in an axial-flow transonic compressor rotor with an attempt to resolve the tip clearance flow. The predicted flow is compared with laser anemometry measurements and good agreement is found.
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Leoveanu, Ioan Sorin, Kamila Kotrasova e Eva Kormaníková. "Using of Computer Fluid Dynamics in Simulation of the Waste Reserviors Processes". Advanced Materials Research 969 (giugno 2014): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.969.351.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper scope consists in using the computational fluid dynamics for the simulation of waste reservoirs processes like the flood filling regime, flow over the dam in flood filling, and earthquake disaster. The flood regime may induce a particularly dynamics pressure on the dam walls and a particularly distribution of fluid flow inside liquid. On the other hand, when the disaster like earthquake occurs, the fluid dynamics and the induced pressures on the dam walls become extremely important for safety estimation of critical components. The dam break case is extremely important in management of safety buildings in the neighboring area of the reservoirs too. Solutions of these important civil engineering problems were obtained using the classical Navier-Stokes fluid flow equations. In the analyzed cases, the simulations were based for solving the problem of fluid with the free surface flow and complex boundary configurations by using an original program developed with MAC method.
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Giles, M., e R. Haimes. "Validation of a Numerical Method for Unsteady Flow Calculations". Journal of Turbomachinery 115, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper describes and validates a numerical method for the calculation of unsteady inviscid and viscous flows. A companion paper compares experimental measurements of unsteady heat transfer on a transonic rotor with the corresponding computational results. The mathematical model is the Reynolds-averaged unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for a compressible ideal gas. Quasi-three-dimensionality is included through the use of a variable streamtube thickness. The numerical algorithm is unusual in two respects: (a) For reasons of efficiency and flexibility, it uses a hybrid Navier–Stokes/Euler method, and (b) to allow for the computation of stator/rotor combinations with arbitrary pitch ratio, a novel space–time coordinate transformation is used. Several test cases are presented to validate the performance of the computer program, UNSFLO. These include: (a) unsteady, inviscid flat plate cascade flows (b) steady and unsteady, viscous flat plate cascade flows, (c) steady turbine heat transfer and loss prediction. In the first two sets of cases comparisons are made with theory, and in the third the comparison is with experimental data.
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Wang, Gang. "Finite Element Simulations of Free Surface Flows With Surface Tension in Complex Geometries". Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, n. 3 (19 agosto 2002): 584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1466458.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The finite-element program, ANSYS/FLOTRAN, has been enhanced at Release 5.7 to predict free surface flows with surface tension in complex geometries. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved in both Cartesian and axisymmetric coordinate systems. At Release 5.6, the free surface capabilities have been incorporated into ANSYS/FLOTRAN using the CLEAR-VOF algorithm. The main contribution of this work is to implement a surface tension model into ANSYS/FLOTRAN to study free surface flows with surface tension in complex geometries. Both normal and tangential components of surface tension forces are modeled at the interface through a continuum surface force (CSF) model. This new algorithm is first validated with two model problems: a droplet in equilibrium and an oscillating droplet. For the first problem, the computed pressure value is compared with the theoretical value, whereas for the second problem, the oscillation frequency is compared with both the analytical solution and experimental data. The computer program is then applied to thermocapillary flows in two types of trapezoidal cavities to investigate the interesting flow and heat transfer characteristics. Systematic calculations are performed to study the influence of Marangoni number, capillary number and static contact angle on Marangoni convection.
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Singh, Bijendra. "Simultaneous computation of gravity and magnetic anomalies resulting from a 2‐D object". GEOPHYSICS 67, n. 3 (maggio 2002): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1484524.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a new algorithm for the simultaneous computation of gravity and magnetic anomalies resulting from an infinitely long (2‐D) body with an arbitrary polygonal cross‐section. With the assumption of uniform volume density and magnetization, the gravity or magnetic field may be expressed as the field resulting from an equivalent distribution of surface mass density or surface pole density, respectively, over the surface of the source body. The resulting surface integrals are reduced to new line integrals using Stokes' theorem. The components of the fields for each bounding surface are expressed in terms of a new line integral and the solid angle subtended by the surface at the point of observation. Since these analytical solutions are similar in form, a direct relation is derived between gravity and magnetic fields, which allows their simultaneous computation. Hence, the same computer program can be used to compute the gravity field, the magnetic field, or both fields simultaneously. This new approach will find wide applications in the joint inversion of potential field data, as it will make the numerical computations much faster.
Tesi sul tema "Stokes (Computer program)"
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Ferrer, Esteban. "A high order Discontinuous Galerkin - Fourier incompressible 3D Navier-Stokes solver with rotating sliding meshes for simulating cross-flow turbines". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db8fe6e3-25d0-4f6a-be1b-6cde7832296d.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis details the development, verification and validation of an unsteady unstructured high order (≥ 3) h/p Discontinuous Galerkin - Fourier solver for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on static and rotating meshes in two and three dimensions. This general purpose solver is used to provide insight into cross-flow (wind or tidal) turbine physical phenomena. Simulation of this type of turbine for renewable energy generation needs to account for the rotational motion of the blades with respect to the fixed environment. This rotational motion implies azimuthal changes in blade aero/hydro-dynamics that result in complex flow phenomena such as stalled flows, vortex shedding and blade-vortex interactions. Simulation of these flow features necessitates the use of a high order code exhibiting low numerical errors. This thesis presents the development of such a high order solver, which has been conceived and implemented from scratch by the author during his doctoral work. To account for the relative mesh motion, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are written in arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian form and a non-conformal Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation (i.e. Symmetric Interior Penalty Galerkin) is used for spatial discretisation. The DG method, together with a novel sliding mesh technique, allows direct linking of rotating and static meshes through the numerical fluxes. This technique shows spectral accuracy and no degradation of temporal convergence rates if rotational motion is applied to a region of the mesh. In addition, analytical mappings are introduced to account for curved external boundaries representing circular shapes and NACA foils. To simulate 3D flows, the 2D DG solver is parallelised and extended using Fourier series. This extension allows for laminar and turbulent regimes to be simulated through Direct Numerical Simulation and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) type approaches. Two LES methodologies are proposed. Various 2D and 3D cases are presented for laminar and turbulent regimes. Among others, solutions for: Stokes flows, the Taylor vortex problem, flows around square and circular cylinders, flows around static and rotating NACA foils and flows through rotating cross-flow turbines, are presented.
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Wang, Muye. "Essays on the Applications of Machine Learning in Financial Markets". Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-qrva-sy62.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We consider the problems commonly encountered in asset management such as optimal execution, portfolio construction, and trading strategy implementation. These problems are generally difficult in practice, in large part due to the uncertainties in financial markets. In this thesis, we develop data-driven approaches via machine learning to better address these problems and improve decision making in financial markets. Machine learning refers to a class of statistical methods that capture patterns in data. Conventional methods, such as regression, have been widely used in finance for many decades. In some cases, these methods have become important building blocks for many fundamental theories in empirical financial studies. However, newer methods such as tree-based models and neural networks remain elusive in financial literature, and their usabilities in finance are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis is to understand the various tradeoffs these newer machine learning methods bring, and to what extent they can improve a market participant’s utility.
In the first part of this thesis, we consider the decision between the use of market orders and limit orders. This is an important question in practical optimal trading problems. A key ingredient in making this decision is understanding the uncertainty of the execution of a limit order, that is, the fill probability or the probability that an order will be executed within a certain time horizon. Equivalently, one can estimate the distribution of the time-to-fill. We propose a data-driven approach based on a recurrent neural network to estimate the distribution of time-to-fill for a limit order conditional on the current market conditions. Using a historical data set, we demonstrate the superiority of this approach to several benchmark techniques. This approach also leads to significant cost reduction while implementing a trading strategy in a prototypical trading problem.
In the second part of the thesis, we formulate a high-frequency optimal execution problem as an optimal stopping problem. Through reinforcement learning, we develop a data-driven approach that incorporates price predictabilities and limit order book dynamics. A deep neural network is used to represent continuation values. Our approach outperforms benchmark methods including a supervised learning method based on price prediction. With a historic NASDAQ ITCH data set, we empirically demonstrate a significant cost reduction. Various tradeoffs between Temporal Difference learning and Monte Carlo method are also discussed. Another interesting insight is the existence of a certain universality across stocks — the patterns learned from trading one stock can be generalized to another stock.
In the last part of the thesis, we consider the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of high-dimensional asset return. One of the conventional methods is through the use of linear factor models and their principal component analysis estimation. In this chapter, we generalize linear factor models to a general framework of nonlinear factor models using variational autoencoders. We show that linear factor models are equivalent to a class of linear variational autoencoders. Further- more, nonlinear variational autoencoders can be viewed as an extension to linear factor models by relaxing the linearity assumption. An application of covariance estimation is to construct minimum variance portfolio. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that variational autoencoder improves upon linear factor models and leads to a more superior minimum variance portfolio.
Libri sul tema "Stokes (Computer program)"
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Center, Ames Research, a cura di. Turbulence modeling. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1995.
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Guruswamy, Guru P. User's guide for ENSAERO--a multidisciplinary program for fluid/structural/control interaction studies of aircraft (release 1). Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.
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Guruswamy, Guru P. User's guide for ENSAERO--a multidisciplinary program for fluid/structural/control interaction studies of aircraft (release 1). Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.
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Guruswamy, Guru P. User's guide for ENSAERO--a multidisciplinary program for fluid/structural/control interaction studies of aircraft (release 1). Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.
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Guruswamy, Guru P. User's guide for ENSAERO--a multidisciplinary program for fluid/structural/control interaction studies of aircraft (release 1). Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.
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R, Schwab John, Bui Trong T e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Proteus two-dimensional Navier-Stokes computer code--version 2.0. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
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R, Schwab John, Bui Trong T e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Proteus three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computer code--version 1.0. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
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R, Schwab John, Bui Trong T e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Proteus three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computer code--version 1.0. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
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R, Schwab John, Bui Trong T e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Proteus two-dimensional Navier-Stokes computer code--version 2.0. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
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R, Schwab John, Bui Trong T e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Proteus three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computer code--version 1.0. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Stokes (Computer program)"
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Arnason, Ragnar. "MIGFISH: A Computer Programme for Studying the Harvesting Economics of Migratory Species". In Essays on the Economics of Migratory Fish Stocks, 107–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84565-9_8.
Testo completo
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V. Hromadka II, Theodore, e Prasada Rao. "Examination of Hydrologic Computer Programs DHM and EDHM". In Hydrology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model or DHM is a coupled one- and two-dimensional (2-D) surface flow model based upon a diffusion formulation of the well-known Navier–Stokes equations, developed by research hydrologists of the USGS (United States Geological Survey) for use in modeling floodplains and dam-break situations. The Fortran 77 source code and various applications were published in 1987 by the USGS as a Technical Report authored by Hromadka and Yen. The DHM program led to the development of several subsequent computational programs such as the FLO-2D computational model and other similar programs. The original DHM program had a limit of applications to problems with no more than 250 nodes and modeling grids. That limitation was recently removed by a program version named EDHM (Extended DHM), which provides for 9999 nodes and grids. However, the computational code is preserved in order that the baseline code algorithmic procedures are untouched. In this paper, the DHM and EDHM are rigorously compared and examined to identify any variations between the two Fortran codes. It is concluded from this investigation that the two sets of algorithm codes are identical, and outcomes from either program are similar for appropriately sized applications.
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Pete, Biggs. "The hardware". In Computers in Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198504467.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter describes what a computer is physically made up of. It reviews the basic elements of a computer, such as the central processor unit (CPU), the memory that stores results and the controlling program, the input and output (I/O) devices that communicate with the outside world, and the buses that provide communication among the various elements. It also refers to the specific memory location which is controlled by the address bus and data which are read or written on the data bus. The chapter describes the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU) along with its associated registers and control unit found in the CPU. It talks about the architecture of a CPU, which includes the layout of the registers, ALUs, and control circuitry within the chip.
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Walikar, Gyanappa A. "Mobile Applications Used for Human Rights". In Mobile Devices and Smart Gadgets in Human Rights, 171–82. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6939-8.ch008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A mobile application is a computer program or application developed to run on a small handheld mobile device such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, and so on. Such devices are sold with several apps bundled as pre-installed software, such as a web browser, email client, calendar, mapping program, and an app for buying music or other media or more apps. Apps that are not preinstalled are usually available through distribution platforms called app stores such as the Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone Store, and BlackBerry App World, etc. Usage of mobile apps has become increasingly prevalent across mobile phone users in the world. A recent study reported that during the previous quarter, more mobile subscribers used apps than browsed the web on their devices. Thus, a mobile application can aid in the prosecution of human rights violations, atrocities, human trafficking, and child laboring. In this chapter, authors provide a comprehensive study, design patterns, usage of several mobile applications designed for protecting human rights.
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Sharma, Dilip Kumar, e A. K. Sharma. "Search Engine". In The Dark Web, 359–74. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3163-0.ch016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ICT plays a vital role in human development through information extraction and includes computer networks and telecommunication networks. One of the important modules of ICT is computer networks, which are the backbone of the World Wide Web (WWW). Search engines are computer programs that browse and extract information from the WWW in a systematic and automatic manner. This paper examines the three main components of search engines: Extractor, a web crawler which starts with a URL; Analyzer, an indexer that processes words on the web page and stores the resulting index in a database; and Interface Generator, a query handler that understands the need and preferences of the user. This paper concentrates on the information available on the surface web through general web pages and the hidden information behind the query interface, called deep web. This paper emphasizes the Extraction of relevant information to generate the preferred content for the user as the first result of his or her search query. This paper discusses the aspect of deep web with analysis of a few existing deep web search engines.
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Sharma, Dilip Kumar, e A. K. Sharma. "Search Engine". In ICT Influences on Human Development, Interaction, and Collaboration, 117–31. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1957-9.ch006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ICT plays a vital role in human development through information extraction and includes computer networks and telecommunication networks. One of the important modules of ICT is computer networks, which are the backbone of the World Wide Web (WWW). Search engines are computer programs that browse and extract information from the WWW in a systematic and automatic manner. This paper examines the three main components of search engines: Extractor, a web crawler which starts with a URL; Analyzer, an indexer that processes words on the web page and stores the resulting index in a database; and Interface Generator, a query handler that understands the need and preferences of the user. This paper concentrates on the information available on the surface web through general web pages and the hidden information behind the query interface, called deep web. This paper emphasizes the Extraction of relevant information to generate the preferred content for the user as the first result of his or her search query. This paper discusses the aspect of deep web with analysis of a few existing deep web search engines.
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Cusumano, Michael A. "The Software Business: Lessons from Bill Gates and Microsoft". In Entrepreneurship and Organization, 172–206. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198295976.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Established in 1975, Microsoft became the largest company in the world specializing in computer software, and had nearly 40,000 employees and annual revenues of almost $23 billion by 2000 (Table 5.1). Microsoft grew by skilfully moving from one software mass market to another. The company started by selling programming languages for a new personal computer (PC) kit, and then built an operating system (MS-DOS) first for IBM and then other computer equipment manufacturers. It gradually entered a variety of applications markets and sold products directly to retail stores. Microsoft eventually dominated various PC software markets throughout the world, and had a market share of around 90 per cent in operating systems (Windows and Windows NT), which provided the company with an enormous revenue stream. Microsoft also learned how to develop applications programs, and by 2000 was building more than 200 software products. In addition, the company had an Internet portal business and was rapidly increasing its presence in the Internet software (browser and server) markets, which it entered late, but by 2000 had a market share of approximately 80 per cent in browsers.
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Montgomery, Kathryn. "Aphorisms, Maxims, and Old Saws: Some Rules ofClinical Reasoning". In How Doctors Think, 103–20. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187120.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Clinical judgment is not a skill separable from a well-stocked fund of scientific and practical information. To provide good care to their patients, physicians must know human biology—both normal and pathological. Yet if science were all that physicians needed, patients would be able to consult a user-friendly computer program and never need to see a doctor at all. Sometimes it seems as if medicine is already halfway there, especially when expert panels create algorithms that map successive decision points in a patient’s diagnosis or treatment. (See, for example, one of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Figure 7-1.) Helpful as these diagrams of decision pathways are, clinical reasoning is far more situated and flexible than even the most complex clinical algorithm can express. These decision trees are aids to clinical judgment—teaching the young and reminding the old—but they are not a substitute. While the tension inherent in medical decision-making is regularly resolved, it regularly reappears. Medical schools and residency programs must cultivate a capacity for complex and flexible but often inconclusive clinical reasoning. The learners, luckily, are intelligent, but they are also (most of them) longtime students of science who are not used to negotiating ambiguous alternatives or to tolerating incomplete or uncertain answers.
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"Inside and Outside Devices, the Software and the World". In Considerations on Cyber Behavior and Mass Technology in Modern Society, 198–221. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8228-5.ch009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Google engine for searching, Gmail for mail, YouTube for videos, Meet for meetings. Discussing Whatsapp about Instagram and Facebook… People entrust their interactions with the world, social relationships, business, expression to a small bunch of global providers, look with hope and fear at artificial intelligence… Control is elsewhere anyway, technology familiar and alien. But if we look carefully through the online software stores for smartphones or go and see some computer magazines of the 1990s, we come across an incredible variety of programs, simple, complex, trivial, professional. Not rigid categories in which cowed consumers seek security and find themselves imprisoned, but a world of ideas, often realized, because software can be not only bought, but made, if not by all by many, even non-specialists. In many respects it's a return to craftsmanship, to people who, with the help of very advanced machines, make on their own things.
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Weiss, Charles. "Frugal Innovations for the “Bottom of the Pyramid”". In The Survival Nexus, 188–212. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946265.003.0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter presents examples of innovative technologies for low-income and disadvantaged people. Such innovations often offer unattractive prospects for profit and require collaboration between private industry and governments or nonprofit organizations or foundations. Most innovations, from cars to computers, are first marketed to high-end consumers and later trickle down as lower-cost products for mass markets. For orphan technologies like a malaria vaccine or fly- and odor-less latrines, there is no “Cadillac” product to amortize research and market development costs, but focused R & D can produce simple, cheap, effective products. Sometimes, an existing product can be repurposed, as when a cell phone becomes a tool for mobile finance or a livestock deworming medicine becomes a cure for human elephantiasis. Other times, a brand-new intervention is needed, as with smokeless, fuel-efficient wood stoves. Big problems require big programs. The CGIAR supports a worldwide, near-billion-dollar-a-year network of international institutes for research on smallholder agriculture in low-income countries.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Stokes (Computer program)"
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Groenner, J., M. Hilgenstock e E. von Lavante. "Efficient Computations of Navier-Stokes Equations With Nonequilibrium Chemistry". In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-251.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An efficient computer program was developed for the computation of supersonic combustion units. Several test cases show the capabilities of implementations of different flux splitting schemes in calculating chemical reactions. It can be shown that for more efficient supersonic combustion enhancement of the mixing of fuel and air is necessary.
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Kleefsman, K. M. Theresa, Geert Fekken, Arthur E. P. Veldman, Tim H. J. Bunnik, Bas Buchner e Bogdan Iwanowski. "Prediction of Green Water and Wave Loading Using a Navier-Stokes Based Simulation Tool". In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28480.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Results of computer simulation of wave and green water loading on floating offshore structures are presented. The simulation program used is a CFD code which solves the Navier-Stokes equations that describe flow of incompressible viscous fluids. The Navier-Stokes equations are discretised using a Finite Volume method on a Cartesian grid with staggered variables. The free surface is displaced using a Volume Of Fluid based algorithm combined with a local height function. In this paper results of validation and sensitivity tests of simulation of green water on the foredeck of an FPSO are presented. Here, the waves are modeled as a dam of water around the deck which is suddenly released. Furthermore, wave loading from impact of regular waves on a SPAR platform is computed and compared with experimental results. The program is found to be robust and the computational results show good agreement with the experiments.
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Wang, Gang. "Finite Element Simulations of Gas-Liquid Flows With Surface Tension". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2064.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The finite-element program, ANSYS/FLOTRAN, has been enhanced at Release 5.7 to predict gas-liquid flows with surface tension. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved in both Cartesian and axisymmetric geometry. The location of the interface is computed and tracked with the CLEAR-VOF algorithm. Normal and tangential boundary conditions at the interface are enforced through a continuum surface force (CSF) model. This new algorithm is first validated with two model problems: a droplet in equilibrium and an oscillating droplet. For the first problem, the computed pressure value is compared with the theoretical value, whereas for the second problem, the oscillation frequency is compared with both the analytical solution and the experimental data. The computer program is then applied to a number of interesting free surface problems: droplet impacting on a rigid wall, binary droplet collision, flow induced by wall adhesion, and marangoni convection in a rectangular cavity.
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Lee, S. J., M. H. Kim, D. H. Lee e Y. S. Shin. "The Effects of Tank Sloshing on LNG Vessel Responses". In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29665.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The coupling and interactions between ship motion and inner-tank sloshing are investigated by a potential-viscous hybrid method in time domain. For the time domain simulation of vessel motion, the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave forces are obtained by a potential-theory-based 3D diffraction/radiation panel program in frequency domain. Then, the corresponding simulations of motions in time domain are carried out using the convolution-integral method. The liquid sloshing in a tank is simulated in time domain by a Navier-Stokes solver. A finite difference method with SURF scheme assuming the single-valued free surface profile is applied for the direct simulation of liquid sloshing. The computed sloshing forces and moments are then applied as external excitations to the ship motion. The calculated ship motion is in turn inputted as the excitation for liquid sloshing, which is repeated for the ensuing time steps. For comparison, we independently developed a 3D panel program for linear inner-fluid motions and it is coupled with the vessel motion program in the frequency domain. The developed computer programs are applied to a barge-type FPSO hull equipped with two partially filled tanks. The time-domain simulation results show reasonably good agreement when compared with MARIN’s experimental results. The frequency-domain results qualitatively reproduce the trend of coupling effects but the peaks are in general over-predicted. It is seen that the coupling effects on roll motions appreciably change with filling level. The most pronounced coupling effects on roll motions are the shift or split of peak frequencies. The pitch motions are much less influenced by the inner-fluid motion compared to roll motions.
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Tomita, Jesuino Takachi, Luciano Porto Bontempo e Joa˜o Roberto Barbosa. "An Axial-Flow Compressor for Operation With Humid Air and Water Injection". In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The first steps of the turbomachinery design usually rely on numerical tools based on inviscid formulation with corrections using loss models to account for viscous effects, secondary flows, tip clearances and shock waves. The viscous effects are accounted for using semi-empirical correlations specially assembled for the chosen airfoils and range of operating conditions. Fast convergence and good accuracy are required from such design procedures. There are successful models that produce very accurate performance prediction. Among the methodologies commonly used, the streamline curvature (SLC) is used, since those characteristics and the most important properties can be calculated reasonably well at any radial positions, assisting other more complex analysis programs. The SLC technique is, therefore, well suited for the design of axial flow compressors, for reasons like quick access to vital flow properties at the blade edges, from which actions may be taken to improve its performance at the design stage. This work reports the association of a SLC computer program and commercial software for comparison purposes, as well as for grid generation required by a full 3D, turbulent Navier-Stokes computer program, used for flow calculation in the blade passages. Application to a high performance 3-stage axial-flow compressor with Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) demonstrates the methodology adopted. The SLC program is also capable of calculating the compressor performance with humid air and water injection at any axial position along the compressor. The influence of water injection at different axial positions, water particle diameter, temperature of water particles were studied for different humid air conditions. The positions of the evaporating water particles were calculated using their thermo-physical and dynamic properties along the compressor.
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Kharazmi, Ali, e Reza Kamali. "A Continuum - Molecular Dynamics Hybrid Method for Micro- and Nano-Fluid Flow". In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30447.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A computer program based on a Molecular Dynamics-Continuum hybrid numerical method has been developed in which the Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the continuum region and the atomistic molecular dynamics in molecular region. The prepared algorithm and the computer code are capable of computing flows in micro and nano-scale geometries. The coupling between the continuum equations and the molecular dynamics is constructed through constrained dynamics within an overlap region where both molecular and continuum equations are solved simultaneously. An Overlap region is introduced in two directions to improve the choice of using molecular region in smaller areas. The proposed method is used to simulate steady and start-up Couette flow showing quantitative agreement with results from analytical solutions and full molecular dynamics simulations.
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Giles, Michael, e Robert Haimes. "Validation of a Numerical Method for Unsteady Flow Calculations". In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-271.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper describes and validates a numerical method for the calculation of unsteady inviscid and viscous flows. A companion paper compares experimental measurements of unsteady heat transfer on a transonic rotor with the corresponding computational results. The mathematical model is the Reynolds-averaged unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible ideal gas. Quasi-three-dimensionality is included through the use of a variable streamtube thickness. The numerical algorithm is unusual in two respects: a) for reasons of efficiency and flexibility it uses a hybrid Navier-Stokes/Euler method, and b) to allow for the computation of stator/rotor combinations with arbitrary pitch ratio a novel space-time coordinate transformation is used. Several test cases are presented to validate the performance of the computer program, UNSFLO. These include: a) unsteady, inviscid flat plate cascade flows, b) steady and unsteady, viscous flat plate cascade flows, c) steady turbine heat transfer and loss prediction. In the first two sets of cases comparisons are made with theory, and in the third the comparison is with experimental data.
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Richter, Horst J., Kevin C. Horrigan e J. B. Braun. "Computational Fluid Dynamics for Downwind Sails". In SNAME 16th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2003-002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has demonstrated the ability to predict sail and appendage forces under upwind conditions or at angles of attack conducive to attached flow. Few sail or yacht designers would be without this tool, at least to check or confirm performance estimates made with other methods. More advanced codes (RANS) solve the full Navier-Stokes equations, thus including viscous effects and placing relatively less importance to fully attached flow. Due to the large proportion of downwind sailing, where the sails might operate in separated airflow, it is useful to evaluate the performance of sails as used off wind despite the added uncertainty resulting from the elasticity of the light material that must be used to allow the sails to fill properly at the low relative wind speeds. While downwind sail forces have been often tested in wind tunnels, CFD codes are now sufficiently advanced to predict such forces with confidence similar to that achieved in prediction of upwind forces. This paper presents a new method of linking a CFD code with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) computer program, for evaluating the sail shapes and proper trim for known sail materials and fiber orientation. A VPP (Velocity Prediction Program) is used to predict leeway, heel, and boat speed for a given true wind angle and wind speed. Then the CFD code computes the airflow around the sails for the given onset flow conditions and provides the pressure distribution on the sails as needed for the FEA program. This is done in full scale considering the boundary layer above the water. This process of updating the pressure for the FEA program from the CFD code is repeated several times until optimal trim and sail shapes can be obtained for best sailing performance, e.g., the maximum driving force. Thus, this method can be considered a "Virtual Wind Tunnel" (VWT).
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Jordan, Harry F., Alan R. Mickelson, Bart Van Zeghbroeck e I. Januar. "An Integrated Optics, Stored Program Computer". In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1993.ofc.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A serial, stored program, optical computer has been designed [1] and implemented [2] using LiNbO3 electro-optic directional coupler switches. Detector, amplifier and driver electronics at each electro-optic switch adapt it to optical control, so that all inter-switch signals are optical. The demonstrated machine uses discrete components, and glass fiber forms both interconnection and delay line memory. This paper will project the properties of an integrated version of this computer.
10
Yamaguchi, Akira, Takashi Takata, Hiroyuki Ohshima e Kazunori Suda. "Sodium-Water Reaction and Thermal Hydraulics at Gas-Liquid Interface: Numerical Interpretation of Experimental Observations". In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89615.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a sodium-cooled fast reactor development, coupled phenomena of thermal-hydraulics and chemical reaction of sodium and water vapor are of importance from the safety viewpoint. However, the sodium-water reaction (SWR) phenomena are generally complex and the experimental measurement technology is not well matured. Therefore, a numerical simulation is used for the investigation of the SWR. In this paper, a new computer program has been developed and the SWR in a counter-flow diffusion flame is studied by a numerical simulations and an experiment as well. In the computer program, Navier-Stokes equations and chemical reaction equations are solved interactively. In addition, a dynamic equation of airborne particulates is coupled with the governing equations of thermal hydraulics. A source of the particulates is the chemical reaction products, i.e. sodium hydroxide and sodium oxide. The SWR experiment is decided based on the numerical simulation. To obtain a stable reaction flame and to measure the temperature and reaction product distributions, the flow field in the experimental cell needs to be optimized. The numerical simulation is useful for designing experiments of complex phenomena and for obtaining the data. The computations are compared with experimental data. It has been demonstrated that the computational fluid dynamics code coupled with chemical reaction well predict the SWR.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Stokes (Computer program)"
1
Sohn, Chang W., e J. H. Kim. STOFEAS: A Personal Computer Program for Estimating the Economic Feasibility of Storage Cooling Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dicembre 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266270.
Testo completo
2
Khanna, Nina, Nan Zhou, David Fridley e John Romankiewicz. International Comparison of Energy Efficiency Criteria and Test Procedures in Standards and Labeling Programs for Computer Monitors and Commercial Gas Stoves. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165109.
Testo completo
3
Dunn, W. N. A user`s guide to LUGSAN 1.1: A computer program to calculate and archive lug and sway brace loads for aircraft-carried stores. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190694.
Testo completo
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Dunn, W. N. A user`s guide to LUGSAN II. A computer program to calculate and archive lug and sway brace loads for aircraft-carried stores. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/584983.
Testo completo
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs e Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,