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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Stimulation cellulaire":

1

Carmen Martínez, Maria, Corinne Kunzelmann e Jean-Marie Freyssinet. "Remodelage de la membrane plasmique et stimulation cellulaire". médecine/sciences 20, n. 2 (febbraio 2004): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2004202189.

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Vallée, Alexandre. "Activation de la glycolyse aérobie par la voie canonique WNT/β-caténine". médecine/sciences 34, n. 4 (aprile 2018): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183404013.

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L’énergie est le principal facteur déterminant de la viabilité neuronale. Dans cette synthèse, nous proposons l’hypothèse d’une activation anormale de la glycolyse aérobie par la stimulation de la voie de signalisation canonique WNT/β-caténine dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA). La stimulation de la voie canonique WNT induit en effet l’activation de la glycolyse aérobie, appelée aussi effet Warburg, via la stimulation des enzymes glycolytiques comme PKM2, PDK1, LDH-A et MCT-1 et les transporteurs de glucose Glut. La glycolyse aérobie consiste en la conversion de la majeure partie du glucose en lactate quelle que soit la teneur en oxygène. Une dérégulation du métabolisme énergétique cellulaire qui favorise la mort cellulaire participerait à la progression de la SLA. Contrôler l’expression de la voie de signalisation canonique WNT/β-caténine pourrait ainsi apparaître comme une cible intéressante pour moduler la glycolyse aérobie et donc la progression de la SLA.
3

Mollard, Patrice. "L’hypophyse dévoilée : du couplage stimulation-sécrétion aux réseaux cellulaires câblant la glande". Biologie Aujourd’hui 216, n. 3-4 (2022): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2022021.

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L’année 2021 s’est terminée par un événement de grande tristesse : le décès d’Andrée Tixier-Vidal. Elle fut non seulement une pionnière en biologie cellulaire mais également la promotrice charismatique de fédérations collaboratives multidisciplinaires particulièrement stimulantes et fructueuses. Cette note en retrace les succès en termes de découvertes à la fois sur le couplage stimulation-sécrétion des cellules endocrines de l’hypophyse et sur l’organisation de ces cellules hypophysaires en réseaux 3D multicellulaires à l’origine des sécrétions pulsées des hormones hypophysaires qui contrôlent des fonctions de base de l’organisme comme la croissance corporelle et la reproduction.
4

SEYER, P., S. GRANDEMANGE, L. PESSEMESSE, F. CASAS, G. CABELLO e C. WRUTNIAK-CABELLO. "L’activité mitochondriale est un régulateur majeur de la différenciation des myoblastes et de l’expression des isoformes de myosine". INRAE Productions Animales 19, n. 4 (13 settembre 2006): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.4.3495.

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Parallèlement à son rôle dans le métabolisme énergétique, l’activité mitochondriale intervient également dans l’induction de l’apoptose, ainsi que dans la régulation de la prolifération et de la différenciation cellulaires. Il existe en particulier une véritable régulation de la différenciation des myoblastes par l’activité mitochondriale, indépendante de la production d’ATP. Elle implique notamment le contrôle de l’expression de myogénine et de l’activité des facteurs myogéniques. Dans cette étude, nous démontrons que l’expression du proto-oncogène c-Myc est respectivement stimulée ou diminuée par une inhibition ou une stimulation de l’activité mitochondriale. Cette régulation s’effectue en grande partie au niveau de la stabilité du messager, et au niveau de la localisation cellulaire de la protéine dans les myoblastes aviaires. De plus, la surexpression de c-Myc reproduit très exactement les effets d’une inhibition de l’activité mitochondriale : i) abrogation de la différenciation terminale ; ii) inhibition de l’expression de Myogénine, sans altération de celle de MyoD ; iii) blocage de l’aptitude des facteurs myogéniques à induire la différenciation ; iv) inhibition de la sortie des myoblastes du cycle cellulaire. Ces résultats démontrent que c-Myc est une cible importante de l’activité mitochondriale, impliquée dans l’influence de l’organite sur la différenciation des myoblastes. Nous avons également mis en évidence l’existence d’un autre gène cible de l’organite qui code la phosphatase calcium dépendante Calcineurine. Son expression est respectivement inhibée ou stimulée par l’inhibition ou la stimulation de l’activité mitochondriale. De plus, l’expression d’une forme constitutivement active de Calcineurine stimule la différenciation des myoblastes et l’expression de Myogénine, alors que ces deux événements sont bloqués par l’expression d’un ARN antisens Calcineurine. Enfin, la stimulation de l’activité mitochondriale, comme l’expression d’une forme constitutivement active de Calcineurine stimule spécifiquement l’expression de l’isoforme lente des chaînes lourdes de myosine. Ces données démontrent donc que, notamment via l’expression de Calcineurine, l’activité mitochondriale régule non seulement la différenciation des myoblastes, mais détermine également le type contractile des fibres musculaires
5

Gruffat, Henri, e Evelyne Manet. "Co-infection EBV/KSHV". médecine/sciences 34, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183401017.

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Le virus herpétique humain associé au sarcome de Kaposi (KSHV) est l’agent étiologique du lymphome primitif des séreuses (PEL) dans lequel le virus d’Epstein-Barr (EBV) est aussi très souvent présent. Jusqu’à présent, seuls des modèles cellulaires permettaient d’explorer l’interaction des deux virus conduisant à la transformation des cellules. Un modèle de co-infection de souris humanisées, développé récemment permet désormais d’explorer ce phénomène in vivo. Il démontre que la co-infection par EBV et par KSHV augmente la persistance de KSHV et favorise la transformation cellulaire via la stimulation de la réplication de l’EBV par KSHV. Il s’agit du premier modèle de PEL chez le petit animal. Cette avancée ouvre ainsi des perspectives intéressantes pour de futures études de ce lymphome.
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Kahn, A. "MAP-kinase, un intégrateur possible des différentes voies de stimulation de la division cellulaire". médecine/sciences 6, n. 4 (1990): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/4154.

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Dumond, Aurore, Luc Demange e Gilles Pagès. "Les neuropilines". médecine/sciences 36, n. 5 (maggio 2020): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020080.

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Une angiogenèse exacerbée est une des caractéristiques (« hallmarks ») du cancer, définies par Hanahan et Weinberg1. Cependant, le ciblage de la voie de signalisation du VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) ou de ses récepteurs a montré ses limites thérapeutiques. Après un bénéfice thérapeutique indéniable pour les patients, les tumeurs récidivent après quelques mois, et deviennent généralement métastatiques et incurables. Les neuropilines 1 et 2 (NRP1, 2) dont l’activité a été décrite initialement dans le système nerveux, stimulent de nombreuses fonctions impliquées dans l’agressivité tumorale, notamment la prolifération cellulaire, l’angiogenèse et la lymphangiogenèse, ainsi que la tolérance immunitaire. Ainsi, une surexpression de NRP1 ou 2 dans de nombreuses tumeurs, est corrélée à une survie courte des patients. Cette revue a pour objectif de décrire les mécanismes d’action impliqués dans la stimulation de NRP1 et NRP2 et de faire le point sur les stratégies thérapeutiques en études précliniques ou en essais de phase précoces chez des patients atteints de différents cancers.
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Gur, Serap, e Wayne J. G. Hellstrom. "Activation of P2Y1 and P2Y2 nucleotide receptors by adenosine 5′-triphosphate analogues augmented nerve-mediated relaxation of human corpus cavernosum". Canadian Urological Association Journal 3, n. 4 (1 maggio 2013): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1127.

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Introduction: Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is a ubiquitous cellularenergy source. We evaluated the effect of ATP and its analogueson nonadrenergic and noncholinergic relaxation in precontractedhuman corpus cavernosal smooth muscle (HCCSM).Methods: We obtained specimens of human corpus cavernosum(HCC) from patients undergoing penile prosthesis surgery (patientage 46–70 yr, n = 17) with prior approval from the local institutionalreview board. Isolated HCC strips were placed in organbaths containing Krebs solution and functional experiments wereconducted. Immunohistochemical localization studies were performedto establish the presence of purinergic P2X1, P2Y1 andP2Y2 receptors in HCC.Results: The amplitude of relaxation induced by electrical-fieldstimulation (EFS) on HCC was significantly increased after exposureto ATP (P2X and P2Y agonists), 2-MeSATP (P2Y1 agonist), and uridine5’ triphosphate (P2Y2 agonist), but not α,β-methylene ATP(P2X1 agonist). The P2X1 antagonist pyridoxal-5’-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2’, 4’-disulfonate, and the nonspecific P2Y antagonist,reactive blue 2, did not inhibit the potentiated response of EFS onHCC. Although immunoreactivity for both P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptorswas localized abundantly in HCC, there was only low-levelimmunostaining for the P2X1 receptor.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that nerve-mediated relaxation ofHCCSM strips precontracted with phenylephrine in organ bath preparationsis amplified by stimulating purinergic P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors.Although nucleotides are important regulators of HCCSM tone, theseobservations suggest an independent purinergic relaxing mechanismin the HCC, separate from the better known nitrergic system.Introduction : L’adénosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) est une sourced’énergie cellulaire générale. L’effet de l’ATP et de ses analoguessur le relâchement non adrénergique et non cholinergique du musclelisse précontracté du corps caverneux a été évalué.Méthode : Des échantillons de corps caverneux humains (CCH)ont été obtenus à partir de patients porteurs d’une prothèse pénienne(âgés de 46 à 70 ans, n = 17) avec l’approbation préalabledu comité d’éthique de l’établissement. Des bandes isolées deCCH ont été placées dans des bains organiques contenant unesolution de Krebs et des expériences fonctionnelles ont ensuite étéréalisées. On a eu recours à des tests de localisation immunohistochimiquepour déceler la présence des récepteurs purinergiquesP2X1, P2Y1 et P2Y2 dans les échantillons de CCH.Résultats : L’ampleur du relâchement produit par stimulation électriquedes échantillons de CCH a été significativement accrue aprèsexposition à l’ATP (agoniste des récepteurs P2X et P2Y),à la 2-MeSATP (agoniste du récepteur P2Y1) et à l’UTP (agonistedu récepteur P2Y2), mais pas à la α,β-MeATP (agoniste du récepteurP2X1). L’antagoniste du récepteur P2X1, le pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-6-azophényl-2’, 4’-disulfonate, et l’agoniste nonspécifique du récepteur P2Y, le bleu chimiquement réactif, n’ontpas inhibé la réponse potentialisée par stimulation électriquedes bandes de CCH. Même si une immunoréactivité des récep teursP2Y1 et P2Y2 a été grandement notée dans les bandes de CCH, onn’a obtenu qu’une faible immunocoloration pour le récepteur P2X1.Conclusion : Ces données montrent que le relâchement par voienerveuse des bandes de CCH précontractées par phényléphrinedans des bains organiques est amplifié par la stimulation des récepteurspurinergiques P2Y1 et P2Y2. Bien que les nucléotides constituentdes facteurs importants de régulation du tonus des CCH,ces observations portent à croire à l’existence d’un mécanismeindépendant de relâchement purinergique distinct du système nitrergiquemieux connu.
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Lucas, P. J., C. V. Bare e R. E. Gress. "The human anti-murine xenogeneic cytotoxic response. II. Activated murine antigen-presenting cells directly stimulate human T helper cells." Journal of Immunology 154, n. 8 (15 aprile 1995): 3761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.8.3761.

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Abstract Generation of a human T cell anti-murine xenogeneic response has previously been shown to be dependent on presentation of murine Ag by human APC. We have undertaken a series of experiments to better delineate the cellular defects that prevent effective production of IL-2 by human T cells upon direct exposure to murine stimulator populations. It was found that although resting human T cells cannot respond effectively to resting murine APC, they can respond to activated murine stimulator populations. Such APC activation could be mediated by murine granulocyte-macrophage-CSF or LPS that were associated with increased expression of B7-2 on the xenogeneic stimulating cell populations. Blocking studies with Ab provided further evidence that costimulation through CD28 played a critical role in the stimulation of human T cells by activated murine-stimulator cells in the production of IL-2. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this xenogeneic system in understanding human T cell-APC interactions and defining minimally sufficient T cell activation requirements. They further delineate the cellular level of deficient activation in the xenogeneic stimulation of human T cells by murine cell populations, and identify the potential importance of CD28/CTLA4 and its ligands in xenogeneic responses. These observations and concepts have implications for clinical efforts in xenografting.
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Lin, James C. A., Jimmy K. Li e Walter H. Chang. "Signal Transduction Pathway of Ultrasound Stimulation on Osteoblasts(Cellular & Tissue Engineering)". Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.87.

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Tesi sul tema "Stimulation cellulaire":

1

Bidouba-Sanvany, Doll-Spencerh. "Simulation de l'interaction thermo-acousto-fluidique en puits : application à la stimulation cellulaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0279.

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Les ondes acoustiques de surface (SAW) sont actuellement utilisées pour étudier leur interaction avec des particules biologiques pour réaliser des études sur la prolifération, la croissance, la mort et la migration des cellules. Il a été démontré que l'effet de la contrainte de cisaillement sur les cellules joue un rôle majeur dans la modification des cellules fournissant plus de détails sur leur fonction et leurs changements potentiels. Stamp et al. présente une approche par ultrasons de la stimulation dynamique et la cicatrisation des tissus pour des cellules ostéoblastiques de type SaOs-2 en utilisant des ondes acoustiques de surface (SAW) sur une puce. Ses études sont réalisées sans effets secondaires indésirables tels que l'augmentation de la température du substrat ou du flux de nutriments associés aux SAW. Ces résultats montrent que la stimulation mécanique et électrique dynamique induite par les ondes de surface favorise directement la croissance cellulaire et donc une régénération rapide des tissus. S. Brugger présente des études sur la cicatrisation et la croissance cellulaire in vitro sous l'influence de la radiofréquence (rf) des stimuli cellulaires. Ces stimuli sont générés soit par des ondes acoustiques de surface piézoactives (SAW), soit par des champs électriques générés par des microélectrodes. Ses résultats montrent que la stimulation vibratoire des cellules basée sur les ondes acoustiques de surface peut être une alternative au traitement par ultrasons conventionnel. Les contraintes de cisaillement agissant sur les cellules sont responsables des différents changements observés après la stimulation par ondes acoustique, cependant du point de vu expérimental il est impossible de déterminer ces contraintes, une approche par simulation est dès lors nécessaire. Cette thèse vise donc à mettre un point une simulation qui permettra dans un premier temps de comprendre le phénomène d'interaction Rayleigh/Liquide en microcanal ou en goutte et dans un second temps de quantifier les contraintes qui s'exercent sur des particules biologiques lors d'une stimulation par onde acoustique de surface, et de réaliser une étude d'optimisation. En considérant une sonde plongée verticalement dans un puits, nous avons traité le cas des cellules sanguines (circulantes) à une fréquence de 20 MHz et des cellules osseuses (adhérentes) à une fréquence de 40 MHz. Enfin nous avons également pris en compte l'échauffement du liquide
Surface acoustic waves (SAW) are currently being used to study their interaction with biological particles to perform studies of cell proliferation, growth, death and migration. The effect of shear stress on cells has been shown to play an important role in cell modification, providing further details on their function and potential changes. Stamp et al. present an ultrasound approach to dynamic stimulation and tissue healing of SaOs-2 osteoblastic cells using surface acoustic waves (SAW) on a chip. These studies are performed without unwanted side effects such as increased substrate temperature or nutrient flux associated with SAW. These results demonstrate that the dynamic mechanical and electrical stimulation induced by surface acoustic waves directly promotes cell growth and thus rapid tissue regeneration. S. Brugger presents studies on in vitro wound healing and cell growth under the influence of radiofrequency (rf) cell stimuli. These stimuli are generated either by piezoactive surface acoustic waves (SAW) or by electric fields generated by microelectrodes. His results show that vibratory stimulation of cells based on surface acoustic waves can be an alternative to conventional ultrasound treatment. Shear stresses acting on the cells are responsible for the various changes observed after acoustic wave stimulation, but it is impossible to determine these stresses experimentally, so a simulation approach is necessary. The goal of this thesis is to develop a simulation that will allow us to understand the phenomenon of Rayleigh/liquid interaction in a microchannel or droplet and to quantify the stresses exerted on biological particles during surface acoustic wave stimulation, as well as to carry out an optimization study. The study investigated the effects of different frequencies on blood cells (circulating) and bone cells (adherent) using a vertical probe immersed in a well with a frequency of 20 MHz and 40 MHz, respectively. Additionally, the research took into consideration the liquid heating
2

GUFFLET, ESCHWEGE VALERIE. "Les anticorps antiphospholipides : lien physiopathologique entre la stimulation cellulaire et les reponses procoagulantes et immunitaires". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13064.

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L'ensemble de ce travail est consacre aux anticorps antiphospholipides (apl). Dans une premiere partie, nous avons montre qu'il etait possible de detecter des apl sur des phospholipides en phase lamellaire, grace a la modelisation d'une membrane composee de cardiolipide, phosphatidylcholine et cholesterol a la surface d'une microsphere de verre. La majorite des anticorps detectes ont pu l'etre en l'absence de beta 2-glycoproteine i (#2gpi) et leur reactivite n'etait que peu ou pas modifiee apres addition de cette proteine purifiee. Ceci suggere que la conformation des phospholipides pourrait avoir un role dans l'antigenicite. Nous avons ensuite etudie l'importance du taux de fibrinogene dans la specificite des tests de detection des anticoagulants de type lupiques (la). Le temps de thromboplastine diluee, chez des patients sans la, etant positivement correle au taux de fibrinogene, un facteur de correction, permettant d'ameliorer la specificite de ce test, a ete propose. D'autre part, il a ete montre que les resultats du staclot la$$att$$ et du temps de venin de vipere russel, mais pas ceux du tca 1-10, etaient egalement influences par le taux de fibrinogene. Dans une troisieme partie, nous avons evalue la prevalence de differents anticorps relies aux apl dans deux populations bien distinctes definies sur des criteres cliniques. Il s'agit d'un groupe de patients avec des antecedents de thrombose veineuse et un autre groupe avec des antecedents de pertes ftales. Dans le groupe des thromboses veineuses, les la sont les apl les mieux relies a la precocite ou a la recurrence des accidents thromboemboliques. La tres faible prevalence des anticorps anti-#2gpi rend peu probable leur interet en tant que marqueur de risque thrombotique. Concernant le groupe des pertes ftales, nous avons demontre que les apl a titres eleves ainsi que les anticorps anti-#2gpi et les la n'etaient presents que chez les femmes avec pertes ftales tardives (apres 10 semaines d'amenorrhee) et pas chez celles qui ont eu 3 avortements consecutifs precoces (avant 10 semaines d'amenorrhee). En revanche, dans ce deuxieme groupe, une prevalence importante de microparticules circulantes, d'origine encore inconnue, a ete mise en evidence. Les hypotheses physiopathologiques a l'origine des apl ainsi que le role de la stimulation cellulaire et de l'apoptose dans l'exposition de phospholipides immunogeniques sont discutes.
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Bernard, Isabelle. "Phénomènes d'activation cellulaire et plasmatique de l'hémostase lors des traitements de stimulation pour fécondation in vitro". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11125.

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Xia, Rong. "Étude des effets de la stimulation électrique à haute fréquence dans un modèle cellulaire in vitro". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009865.

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Un dispositif de stimulation électrique in vitro sur des lignées cellulaires a été optimisé afin de nous permettre d’étudier les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la SHF. Deux lignées cellulaires (GH3 et PC12) ont été analysées au niveau transcriptomique, protéomique et de la sécrétion hormonale et de neurotransmetteurs. Nous avons comparé les niveaux de sécrétion de PRL des GH3 traitées par SHF, SBF ou par la dopamine ; ainsi que les niveaux des catécholamines (DA, AD et NA) des PC12 traitées par SHF, SBF ou par la 6-OHDA. La synthèse protéique des cellules stimulées a été analysée par les techniques d’incorporation de 35S méthionine et de SELDI-TOF-MS. Enfin nous avons recherché les modifications d’expression génique des cellules stimulées en utilisant la technique des microarray à base d’oligonucléotides longs sur nylon et détection radioactive. Les premières expériences montrent une diminution significative de la quantité de prolactine à un niveau comparable à celui obtenu avec l’inhibiteur conventionnel, la dopamine. De la même façon, la production de catécholamines dans le milieu est inhibée. Les données transcriptomiques montrent l’existence des profils d’expression caractéristique de la neurostimulation à haute fréquence, avec environ 100 gènes discriminants impliqués dans la synthèse protéique, la signalisation calcique, l’énergétique cellulaire pour les principaux. Nous avons confirmé l’impact de la neurostimulation sur la synthèse protéique en SELDI-TOF comme en incorporation de méthionine. Un mécanisme original de SHF peut donc être proposé, impliquant la neutralisation de la synthèse protéique dans l’inactivation réactionnelle des structures neuronale
A system for electrical stimulation on cells lines in vitro was optimized for studying cellular and molecular mechanism of high frequency electrical stimulation. Two cells lines (GH3 and PC12) were analysed at the transcriptomic and proteomic level as well as for the impact on hormonal secretion and neurotransmitter release. We compared PRL secretion of GH3 cell by HFS, LFS and dopamine as well as catecolamine (DA, AD and NA) secretion of PC12 cell treated by HFS, LFS and 6-OHDA. Proteomic synthesis of stimulated cells were analysed by 35S methionine incorporation and by SELDI-TOF-MS. At last we have investigated modifications of gene expression of stimulated cells using DNA nylon microarray based on long oligonucleotides and radioactive detection. First experiment demonstrated that HFS induced a significant decrease of the amount of prolactin to a level comparable to the level obtained with dopamine, one well known inhibitor of prolactin. Similarly, the amount of catecholamines detected in the cell culture medium was significantly down regulated. Transcriptomic data manifested the existence of characteristic expression profiles for high frequency electrical stimulation. About 100 discriminatory genes were individualized upon HFS involved in the proteomic synthesis, calcium signalisation and cellular energetic. We confirmed the impact of HFS on protein synthesis with SELDI-TOF technique and methionine incorporation. One original HFS mechanism has been validated, involving protein synthesis neutralisation in the reacted inactivation of neuronal structures. Implication of calcium signalisation and PKC pathway were also suggested
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Carras, Sylvain. "Rôles de la stimulation chronique du TCR et de la reprogrammation cellulaire dans les lymphomes T périphériques". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1322/document.

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Les lymphomes T périphériques (ou PTCL) sont des lymphomes malins non Hodgkiniens ayant pour cellules d’origine des lymphocytes T (LT) ou Natural Killer matures. Ces lymphomes sont rares, hétérogènes et méconnus. Des arguments issus de la littérature suggérant l’implication de la stimulation chronique du récepteur T à l’antigène (TCR) dans la transformation des LT, nous ont conduits à développer un modèle murin basé sur la stimulation chronique du TCR pour adresser spécifiquement cette question. Dans ce modèle, le transfert de LT p53-/- dans des souris CD3e-/- entraine l’apparition de lymphomes T périphériques (PTCL) clonaux dans 60% des cas avec une médiane de survenue de 230 jours alors que les souris transférées avec des LT wt ne développent pas de lymphomes. Ces PTCL présentent un phénotype T effecteur-mémoire CD62LLo-CD44hi-CD122lo-CD25lo ainsi qu’une profonde downrégulation de l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la voie du TCR illustrant l’impact de la stimulation chronique dans la lymphomagénèse. L’étude de ces lymphomes a révélé qu’ils ne dépendent plus, pour la plupart, de l’engagement du TCR pour leur survie et qu’ils acquièrent des caractéristiques « innate-like » avec notamment l’expression de récepteurs NK inhibiteurs (NKiR) et de récepteurs NK activateurs (NKaR) ainsi que des protéines adaptatrices DAP12 et FceRIg. Cette expression est associée à celle de Syk et PLC?2, impliquées dans la signalisation des NKaR. Nous montrons que les NKaR et leurs voies de signalisation associées sont fonctionnelles et participent à la survie des cellules lymphomateuses, le blocage de certains NKaR retardant notamment le développement lymphomateux in vivo. Nous avons par la suite exploré l’expression des NKR, de Syk et de PLCg2 au sein des PTCL humains et nous montrons ou confirmons que certaines entités expriment des panels variés de NKR ainsi que les effecteurs Syk et PLCg2 suggérant l’existence de mécanismes de lymphomagénèse similaires à ceux identifiés dans notre modèle au sein d’un certain nombres de PTCL humains
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are rare non Hodgkin malignant lymphomas emerging from mature T or NK cells. PTCL are highly heterogeneous and mainly misunderstood. As several evidences pointed the potential role of TCR chronic stimulation in human T-cell lymphomagenesis, we developed a murine model based on chronic TCR stimulation to address this question. In this model, transfer of p53-/- T-cells into T-cell deficient mice (CD3e-/-) triggered PTCL development in 60% of cases with a median survival of 230 days while transfer of wt T-cells in CD3e-/- mice did not lead to PTCL development. These PTCL exhibited an effector-memory phenotype CD62LLo-CD44hi-CD122lo-CD25lo associated with a dramatic downregulation of TCR pathway genes expression consistent with a chronic TCR stimulation highlighting it’s implication in lymphomagenesis. The analysis of these PTCL revealed that a large majority of cases (80%) do not depend anymore on TCR stimulation for their growth and survival and that they acquire innate-like features with expression of inhibitory NKR (NKiR) and activating NK receptors (NKaR) as well as the adaptor proteins DAP12 or FceRIg. Expression of these receptors is associated with the expression of SYK and PLC?2, which are classical key effectors downstream of NKaR. We show that these NKaR are functional and can mediate TCR-independent activation in mPTCL and that this signaling is involved in cell survival/proliferation as in vivo blockade of NKG2D and NKp46 delays PTCL development in PTCL transplantation experiments. In parallel, we studied NKR, Syk and PLCg2 expression in human PTCL and found that some entities express a large range of these receptors as well as Syk and PLCg2, suggesting similar lymphomagenesis mechanisms in some human PTCL
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Gustave-Dit-Duflo, Sylvie. "Adaptation et restauration des fonctions vestibulaires : Analyses comportementale et cellulaire après lésion ou stimulation vestibulaire chez l'animal". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20128.

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La thematique generale de ces travaux de these est la plasticite des fonctions vestibulaires examinee par une double approche comportementale et immunohistochimique chez le chat et le rat. Le volet comportemental consiste en une etude electrophysiologique de la reorganisation des mecanismes de stabilisation du regard apres lesion unilaterale ou bilaterale du nerf vestibulaire. Les resultats obtenus chez les animaux leses testes aux stades precoce ou compense montrent l'emergence de processus de substitution sensorielle d'origine visuelle et labyrinthique ou comportementale caracterisee par l'apparition d'une nouvelle strategie motrice de coactivation des muscles antagonistes du cou. Le volet immunochistochimique decrit les modifications de l'expression fos soit apres neurectomie vestibulaire unilaterale, soit apres variation du vecteur gravitaire modifiant l'activite le systeme otolithique. Apres lesion vestibulaire, une expression fos asymetrique est detectee au sein des noyaux vestibulaires et dans des structures associees, caracterisee par une induction precoce qui refleterait des modifications cellulaires directement liees a la deafferentation des noyaux vestibulaires, et une induction retardee serait correlee a la mise en place de mecanismes de plasticite cellulaire. L'exposition prolongee de rats dans un milieu hypergravitaire n'est pas source d'expression fos, alors qu'une transition de courte duree d'un milieu hypergravitaire vers un milieu hypogravitaire, ou l'inverse, entraine une forte expression fos. Ces resultats temoignent d'une activation de voies vestibulo-corticale et vestibulo-vegetative. Par ailleurs, ce sont les memes structures du tronc cerebral qui sont fos-positives apres lesion vestibulaire ou stimulation otolithique, suggerant que ce sont les memes reseaux neuronaux qui sous-tendraient la plasticite post-lesionnelle et la plasticite adaptative du systeme vestibulaire.
7

Dehez, Stéphanie. "Stimulation des voies JNK et P38MAPK par les peptides gastriniques : mécanismes d'activation et rôle dans la prolifération cellulaire". Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30093.

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Zanin, Carole. "Ecotaxie des cellules de la lignée B spécifiques d'antigènes microbiens après stimulation par voie orale". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10010.

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D-53 est un immunomodulateur prescrit à titre préventif dans les cas d'infections récidivantes des voies aériennes supérieures et administre par voie orale. Le but du travail présenté a été de caractériser cet effet immunostimulant sur les populations de lymphocytes b du sang périphérique et des tissus lymphoïdes associés aux muqueuses. Les techniques d'immunofluorescence sur coupes de tissus et sur suspensions cellulaires d'une part et la technique d'Elispot d'autre part ont permis de caractériser les cellules b à différents stades de leur différenciation. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence une augmentation du nombre de cellules activées spécifiques des quatre bactéries dont les ribosomes composent le d-53 dans le sang périphérique et dans les amygdales d'enfants traites trois semaines par d-53. Cette stimulation est ciblée spécifiquement vers ces quatre germes. L'immunogenicité des fractions ribosomales a également été démontrée par la mise en évidence d'une activation des cellules spécifiques des fractions ribosomales composant d-53. Chez l'animal, la caractérisation des cellules b spécifiques dans d'autres territoires muqueux fait apparaitre un ciblage préférentiel de ces cellules dans les territoires associés à la sphère orl au détriment des structures profondes telles que les ganglions mésentériques. Enfin, une analyse cinétique révèle une recirculation rapide des cellules activées présentes dans le sang périphérique dans l'heure qui suit l'ingestion. Le mode de stimulation par d-53 administré par voie orale apparait comme un système d'étude adapté à l'analyse de l'activation et de la recirculation des lymphocytes b. Ces cellules activées, par les fractions ribosomales contenues dans d-53, au niveau des structures lymphoïdes de l'intestin recirculent vers les structures lymphoïdes associées aux muqueuses des voies supérieures ou elles finissent leur différenciation et secrètent leurs immunoglobulines
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Paraskevopoulos, Yannis. "Utilisation des enveloppes cellulaires de levure pour la stimulation de la fermentation malolactique : interprétation de leur mode d'action". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20029.

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Le caractère aléatoire de la fermentation malolactique des vins impose l'étude de procédés d'activation de la croissance et de l'activité malolactique des bactéries lactiques. Les enveloppes de levures agissent de deux façons sur la fermentation: élimination des produits toxiques du métabolisme des levures, favorisant la croissance et la dégradation de l'acide malique, libération de facteurs nutritionnels utilisés par les bactéries (acides aminés, vitamines entre autres)
10

Ding, Can. "The influence of Notch over-stimulation on muscle stem cell quiescence versus proliferation, and on muscle regeneration". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066399/document.

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La transplantation de cellules souches de muscle possède un grand potentiel pour la réparation à long terme du muscle dystrophique. Cependant, la croissance ex vivo des cellules souches musculaires réduit de manière significative l'efficacité de leur greffe puisque le potentiel myogénique est considérablement réduit lors de la mise en culture. La voie de signalisation Notch a émergé comme un régulateur majeur des cellules souches musculaires (MuSCs) et il a également été décrit que la sur-activation de Notch est crucial pour le maintien du caractère souche des MuSC. Cette découverte pourrait être traduite comme un bénéfice thérapeutique potentiel. Des MuSCs murines ont été fraîchement isolées et ensemencées sur des boîtes de culture recouverte de Dll1-Fc, le domaine extracellulaire de Delta-like-1 est fusionné au fragment Fc humain, afin d'activer la voie de signalisation Notch et avec un IgG hu-main comme contrôle. Nous avons utilisé le rAAV afin d’exprimer le Dll1 spécifique-ment dans les muscles de souris. Les souris P3 ont été traitées avec de l’AAV pendant 3 semaines et 6 semaines afin d’étudier l'effet de Dll1 au cours du développement postnatal. Afin d’étudier le processus de régénération, l'AAV a également été injecté dans les muscles de souris mdx alors que les souris de type sauvage ont été utilisées comme contrôle. Un potentiel caractère souche supérieur (marquée avec le Pax7) est observé dans les cultures des MuSCs qui sont recouverte de Dll1-Fc par rapport à leurs homologues contrôles, par contre le taux de proliférer est réduit. Au cours du développement postnatal, la sur-activation de la voie de signalisation Notch par Dll1 sur les fibres musculaires a été en mesure d'élargir le pool des cellules Pax7+, cependant elle entraîne une diminution de la masse musculaire avec réduction de la taille des fibres et ceci sans affecter l'accumulation des myonuclei. Dans les MuSCs quiescentes (de type sauvage), la sur-activation de la voie de signalisation Notch ne présente pas de réel effet. La surexpression de Dll1 dans le muscle mdx a diminué la masse musculaire et agrandit le pool de cellules souches musculaires, ce-pendant le taux de régénération n'a pas été affecté. L’augmentation des MuSCs est attribuée à une différenciation entravée des cellules souches musculaires. En étudiant la stimulation de la voie de signalisation Notch dans les MuSCs à la fois in vitro et in vivo, nous démontrons que sur-activation de Notch préserve le caractère souche des cellules via l’inhibition de la prolifération et de la différenciation myogénique des MuSCs
Muscle stem cell transplantation possesses great potential for long-term repair of dys-trophic muscle. However expansion of muscle stem cells ex vivo significantly reduces their engraftment efficiency since the myogenic potential is dramatically lost in culture. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged as a major regulator of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and it has recently been discovered that high Notch activity is crucial for maintaining stemness in MuSCs. This feature might be exploited and developed into a novel therapeutic approach.Murine MuSCs were freshly isolated and seeded on culture vessels coated with Dll1-Fc, which fused Delta-like-1 extracellular domain with human Fc, to activate Notch sig-naling and with human IgG as a control. The rAAV gene delivery system was em-ployed to express Dll1 in murine muscles. P3 mice were treated with AAV for 3 weeks and 6 weeks to investigate the effect of Dll1 during postnatal development. To investi-gate the regeneration process, AAV were injected into mdx muscles whereas wild-type mice were used as control.Higher potential stemness (marked by Pax7 positivity) was observed in MuSCs grow-ing on a Dll1-Fc surface as compared to their counterparts on the control surface, while their proliferation rate was reduced. During postnatal development, overstimulation of Notch signaling by Dll1 on the mus-cle fibers was able to enlarge the Pax7+ cell pool, while also resulting in decreased muscle mass and smaller muscle fibers without affecting the accretion of myonuclei into the fiber. In quiescent (wild-type) MuSCs, overstimulation of Notch signaling did not have any discernible effect. Overexpression of Dll1 in mdx muscle decreased the muscle mass and enlarged the muscle stem cell pool, while muscle regeneration re-mained unaffected. By investigating Notch stimulation in MuSCs both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that high Notch activity preserves stemness via inhibition of MuSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Our findings point out that the Dll1 molecule, as a canonical Notch ligand, might have a therapeutic potential in cell-based therapies against muscu-lar dystrophies

Libri sul tema "Stimulation cellulaire":

1

1945-, Dexter T. Michael, Garland John M. 1942- e Testa Nydia G. 1938-, a cura di. Colony-stimulating factors: Molecular and cellular biology. New York: M. Dekker, 1990.

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1942-, Garland John M., Quesenberry Peter J e Hilton Douglas J. 1964-, a cura di. Colony-stimulating factors: Molecular and cellular biology. 2a ed. New York: M. Dekker, 1997.

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Gregory, Bock, e Goode Jamie, a cura di. The molecular basis of cellular defence mechanisms. Chichester: Wiley, 1997.

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4

Chevanne, Marta, e Riccardo Caldini. Immagini di Istopatologia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-023-8.

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This collection of images of Histopathology is the fruit of the authors' thirty years' experience in the performance of practical exercises in General Pathology. It is aimed at students attending lessons of General Pathology on the Degree Courses in Medical Surgery and Biological Sciences. It does not aspire either to be complete from the point of view of the various organic pathologies, or to replace direct and personal observation of the histological preparations through the microscope, but is rather intended as an aid to students preparing for the exam. It does not include the rudiments of cytology and microscopic anatomy, which it is assumed have already been mastered by those approaching General Histopathology, nor are histopathological phenomena systematically addressed, for which the reader is referred to textbooks on General Pathology. The 44 preparations presented here have been grouped in line with the main arguments of General Pathology: Cellular Degeneration, Inflammation, Neoplasia both benign and malign, and Vascular Pathology. They have been selected for their didactic significance and the simplicity and clarity of the lesions present, without taking into account the information to be derived from the clinical case history. The images of the preparations, in which the best possible quality of reproduction has been sought, are presented in progressive enlargements and are accompanied by brief descriptions comprising the explanations essential for identification of the characteristic aspects of the elementary lesion, as well as any eventual defects in the preparations themselves. Effectively, the objective of the work is to enable the student to exercise his understanding of the images. For this reason the casuistics included is as essential as possible, and the method of presentation utilised is designed to avoid mere visual memorisation, stimulating first analysis and then synthesis, and the development of individual logical skills so as to indicate whether aspects of cellular pathology, inflammation or neoplasia are present.
5

Poljsak, Borut, Irina Milisav, Thomas N. Seyfried, Dominic P. D'Agostino e Angela M. Poff. Reduction of Sporadic Malignancies by Stimulation of Cellular Repair Systems and by Targeting Cellular Energy Metabolism. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2017.

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6

Garland, John M. Colony-Stimulating Factors: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Second Edition,. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Garland, John M. Colony-Stimulating Factors: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Second Edition,. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Garland, John M. Colony-Stimulating Factors: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Second Edition,. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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9

Garland, John M. Colony-Stimulating Factors: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Second Edition,. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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10

Guo, Liang. Principles of Electrical Neural Interfacing: A Quantitative Approach to Cellular Recording and Stimulation. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Stimulation cellulaire":

1

Carlstrom, Lucas P. "Chapter 22 Molecular and Cellular Neuromodulation for Central Nervous System Injury and Regeneration". In Deep Brain Stimulation, 415–54. Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3 8 Temasek Boulevard Singapore 038988: Pan Stanford Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364759-23.

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Watanabe, A. M., F. Green e Z. Ahmad. "Studies on the cellular mechanisms of action of positive and negative inotropic agents". In Inotropic Stimulation and Myocardial Energetics, 19–22. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07908-9_3.

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de la Higuera, Luis, Martín López-García, Grant Lythe e Carmen Molina-París. "IL-2 Stimulation of Regulatory T Cells: A Stochastic and Algorithmic Approach". In Modeling Cellular Systems, 81–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45833-5_4.

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Alsner, J., E. Kjeldsen, J. Q. Svejstrup, K. Christiansen e O. Westergaard. "Stimulation of Human DNA Topoisomerase I By Protein Kinase C". In Cellular Regulation by Protein Phosphorylation, 429–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75142-4_52.

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Nissen, P. "Stimulation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Carrot by Ethylene". In Cellular and Molecular Aspects of the Plant Hormone Ethylene, 359–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1003-9_80.

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Meyer-Hermann, Michael, Frido Erler e Gerhard Soff. "Presynaptic Calcium Dynamics of Neurons in Answer to Various Stimulation Protocols". In Function and Regulation of Cellular Systems, 63–71. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7895-1_7.

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Kather, H. "Beta Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Stimulation of Adenine Nucleotide Catabolism and Purine Release in Human Adipocytes". In Purines in Cellular Signaling, 120–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3400-5_20.

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Ravingerová, Tanya, Nigel J. Pyne e James R. Parratt. "Ischaemic preconditioning in the rat heart: The role of G-proteins and adrenergic stimulation". In Cellular Interactions in Cardiac Pathophysiology, 123–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2005-4_16.

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Haneda, Takashi, e Paul J. McDermott. "Stimulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis during hypertrophic growth of cultured heart cells by phorbol ester". In Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Growth, 169–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3886-8_21.

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Dartsch, Peter C., e Eberhard Betz. "Cellular and Cytoskeletal Response of Vascular Cells to Mechanical Stimulation". In Medical Textiles for Implantation, 193–218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75802-7_14.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Stimulation cellulaire":

1

Steward, Robert L., Chao-Min Cheng e Philip R. LeDuc. "Probing Dynamic Responses of the Extracellular Matrix to Coupled Mechanical and Chemical Inputs". In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19206.

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important cellular component that provides structural support for cells that form the various connective tissues in the body and has been linked to various important cellular processes. One major, ubiquitously expressed ECM protein, fibronectin (FN) has been well documented to play an important role in the ECM, but most studies have investigated FN and its assembly and structural organization mainly through chemical stimulation. The ECM though likely experiences multiple modes of stimulation such as mechanical and chemical inputs. Since cells and the ECM may experience mechanical and chemical stimulation, we examined how NIH 3T3 fibroblasts altered their ECM in response to applied mechanical and chemical stimulation. Mechanical stimulation revealed an increase in FN matrix formation and secretion as reflected by immunofluorescence as well as FN localization around the cell periphery. Coupling of mechanical stimulation with chemical stimulation via inhibition of Rho activity revealed the same behavior as cells exposed purely to mechanical stimulation. This study is among the first to show the effect of coupled modes of stimulation on the ECM and show a purely mechanics-induced stimulation of ECM formation. These results have implications in a variety of fields including mechanotransduction, biophysics and bioengineering.
2

McGarry, Patrick, Robert M. McMeeking, Anthony G. Evans e Vikram S. Deshpande. "Modeling the Active Response of Cells to Mechanical Stimulation". In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193071.

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The mechanical properties of a cells surrounding environment, or extra cellular matrix (ECM), play a crucial role in cellular behavior. For example, it has been shown that cells tend to spread more on rigid substrates [1, 2] and that motile cells move from regions of low substrate rigidity to regions of high substrate rigidity [3].
3

Al-Shamasi, Al-Anood, Meram Elsayed, Nabeel Abdulrahman, Jensa Joseph e Fatima Mraiche. "The Cardiovascular benefits of Empagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor: Is NHE1 a viable target?" In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0228.

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Empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor (with a low affinity for SGLT1) has attracted much attention due to a recent clinical trial, the Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (EMPA-REG OUTCOME). In this trial, treatment with EMPA over 2.6 years decreased cardiovascular vascular events (14% reduction). Whether EMPA induces cardioprotection, independent of diabetes remains unclear. A previous report has demonstrated that EMPA inhibited NHE1 activity, which led to a reduction in intracellular sodium and calcium. In our study, we examine the cellular interplay between NHE1 and SGLT1/SGLT2 in a non-diabetic in vitro model. We characterized H9c2 cardiomyoblasts stimulated with Angiotensin II (ANG II) 100nM in the presence and absence of EMPA (500nM) and measured cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of NHE1 and SGLT1/2. Stimulation of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with ANG II (100nM) resulted in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, an effect that was regressed in the presence of EMPA (500nM). No changes in SGLT2 and NHE1 protein expression were detected in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. However, stimulation with ANG II in the presence of EMPA reduced the expression of SGLT1. We demonstrate that the inhibition of SGLT using EMPA following stimulation with ANG II, a hypertrophic stimulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and NHE1, regressed the hypertrophic response of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and SGLT1 protein expression. The inhibition of SGLT1 protein expression may be contributing to the anti-hypertrophic effect of EMPA. Whether EMPA reduces NHE1 activity remains to be elucidated.
4

Taylor, Rebecca, Oscar Abilez, Feng Cao, Joe Wu, Chengpei Xu, Christopher Zarins e Beth Pruitt. "Pulsatile Pressure System for Cellular Mechanical Stimulation". In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176413.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects more than 71 million Americans accounting annually for nearly $400 billion in US health care costs. [1] In adult tissues such as the heart, the capacity for self-regeneration is limited. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising methodology for myocardial repair.
5

Takeda, Shota, Yoshihiro Tomita e Eiji Nakamachi. "Cellular Automaton and Finite Element Hybrid Simulation to Predict Axonal Extension Enhancement of Nerve Cell Under Mechanical Stimulation". In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86653.

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In the clinical application, the mechanical stimulation against the damaged brain tissue is adopted as the kinesitherapy for the nerve regeneration. Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanism to repair the damaged nerve cell has not been revealed yet. Recently, the cyclic stretch stimulation has been reported as the efficacious treatment method to enhance the axonal extension for regenerative therapy of injured nerve cell. Therefore, we try to develop a new cellular automaton (CA) finite element (FE) hybrid method to predict the axonal extension and nerve network generation, which can evaluate the effect of stretch stimulation on the cell body, axon and dendrites. In the FE results, the stress concentration occurred at the junction of the axon and cell body. The maximum stress value in the axon was 8.2 kPa which is about twice as large as that of the cell body. CA adopted to predict the morphological evolution of nerve cells under the mechanical stimulation. It was confirmed that the stress affects to accelerate the axonal extension as experimentally suggested. As a result, our CAFE can be employed to simulate the axonal extension and generation of nerve network system under the condition of extra cellular mechanical stimulation.
6

Cheng, Chao-Min, e Philip R. LeDuc. "Effects of Local Mechanical Stimulation on Cellular Behavior". In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176082.

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Cell response to mechanical stimulation is a controlled and complex set of events that has been investigated by numerous groups. Understanding the behavior of cells from a localized perspective is even more challenging due to the integrated responses that play significant roles. After investigating the effect of local mechanical stimulation with respect to cell apoptosis, we find that the resulting ratio of apoptotic cells with respect to the deformation of the cells through using soft pyramid shaped microstructure versus rectangular microstructures is increased by 200% percent. These results may also have implications in understanding cell behaviors such as cell-cell communication under the mechanical stimulation and mechanotransduction.
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Steward, Robert L., Chao-Min Cheng e Philip R. LeDuc. "Probing Nonlinear Cellular Responses to Integrated Mechanical Signals Through Examining Cell Alignment". In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19205.

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Cells are complex systems that continuously receive signals in a variety of forms including both physical and chemical. The ability of cells to integrate these signals and already be hard wired to have coupled responses indicates the complexity at which cells function in terms of signal integration. One of the important areas in signal response is in mechanical stimulation, which has been shown to influence many cellular functions through the cytoskeleton and most often induces various cellular alignment. Most studies generally probe the affects of mechanical stimulation on cell behaviour by one mode of mechanical stimulation, though cells in fact experience multiple modes of mechanical stimulation simultaneously. From this comes the question of how does the cell process these multiple mechanical inputs? In this study we probed the effects of uniaxial stretch and/or shear fluid flow on NIH 3T3 fibroblast behaviour, specifically cell alignment. We used fluorescence microscopy to examine the orientation of the actin cytoskeleton and observed alignment along the direction of force for both uniaxial stretching and shear fluid flow in comparison to cells exposed to both mechanical modes. The cellular response surprisingly revealed an alignment that was neither parallel nor perpendicular to the direction of force. Furthermore, the integration of these 2 modes revealed a nonlinear response to combinations of shear stress and uniaxial stretching. These intriguing results have potential implications in a variety of fields including bioengineering, mechanotransduction, and cell structure.
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Yang, Jui-Ming, e Philip R. LeDuc. "Three-Dimensional Laminar Flow for Localized Cellular Stimulation". In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61643.

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Stimulation of living mammalian cells is primarily accomplished by the delivery of chemical agents to single cells or cell populations. Due to the fast response time of diffusion for these agents over the small size scale of individual cells, localized stimulation is limited. Currently, there are alternate techniques that can produce localized gradients of chemical stimulants over single cells, but they lack the ability for long time scale events that are requisite for many cellular processes because of this diffusion limitation. We have developed a device that is able to create chemical agent separation in three dimensions along distinct boundaries that can be applied to cells. As many techniques are two-dimensionally constrained, this provides us with a more physiologically relevant system for investigating cellular signal transduction and can allow basal to apical activation separations. To accomplish this, multiple flow paths were introduced to manipulate spatiotemporally distinct regions inside a single capillary channel. Solutions that flow laminarly inside these fluidic channels deliver predefined chemicals to specific locations without turbulent mixing. Separation using this system under laminar flows created not only side by side domains in this capillary but also vertical as well. This device has multiple potential applications both in cell and molecular biology as well as in fluid dynamics and fabrication processes.
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Jeon, Jong Heon, Tae Kyung Kim, So Hee Park, Jung Wook Shin e Ok Chan Jeong. "Experimental Study on Cytoplasmic Calcium Oscillation in MG-63 Cells Induced by Pressure-Driven Fluid Flow". In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11121.

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This paper determined the optimal periodic mechanical stimulation of live bone cells from the intracellular calcium oscillation induced by shear stress. The shear stress-induced intracellular calcium responses of cells on a micro-cell chip were measured to study the mechanotransduction of bone cells. From the measured static and dynamic characteristics of the internal cellular signaling in cells, the optimum duration of the mechanical stimulation is determined.
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Wechsler, Marissa E., Courtney M. Creecy, Christine F. O’Neill e Rena Bizios. "Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Select Functions of Bone Cells". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80367.

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The present in vitro study was motivated by scientific literature reports that show enhanced healing of bone fractures in experimental animals in response to electrical stimulation. The underlying cellular- and molecular level mechanisms responsible for new bone formation, however, were not studied at that time. Since then, advances in cell biology, biochemistry and biomedical engineering provided knowledge, models, and instrumentation to investigate these unanswered questions.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Stimulation cellulaire":

1

Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir e Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, febbraio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, e Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.

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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.

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