Bibliografie tematiche / Starvation

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Starvation"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 9 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Starvation"

1

Soler, C., P. Claquin, M. Goutx, O. Ragueneau e B. Moriceau. "Impact of nutrient starvation on the biochemical composition of the marine diatom <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i>: from the whole cell to the frustule fraction". Biogeosciences Discussions 7, n. 4 (13 agosto 2010): 5953–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5953-2010.

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Abstract. Interactions between carbon and silica in the diatom frustule play an important role in carbon export through their impact on diatom remineralization (carbon degradation and biogenic silica dissolution). To ameliorate model prediction of the fate of Si and organic matter during sedimentation, there is a need to first understand the origin and nature of Si-OC interactions, their impact on diatom remineralization and their variability with environmental conditions. In this study we focus on the impact of nutrient starvations on the formation and nature of these interactions in an ubiquitous diatom, Thalassiosira weissflogii. Fluorescence reveals the strong impact of all starvations on diatom metabolism while Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy clearly showed that starvations altered the composition of the different diatom fractions. The relative compositions of whole cells were almost not impacted by starvations except Si(OH)4 starvation that slightly increased proteins relative contribution while decreasing carbohydrate. Starvation impacts became obvious looking at the composition of the different part of the diatom. The relative biochemical composition of the organic coating, protecting the frustule from the environment, was strongly affected by starvation. Under nitrate starvation, carbohydrate contribution increased while protein contribution decreased. Inversely, phosphate starvation increased the proportion of proteins and decreased carbohydrates contribution. Starvations also modified the different frustule phases. bSiO2 contribution decreased in the less reactive phase under silicate and phosphate starvation whereas nitrate starvation rather increased carbohydrate and protein pools. Phosphate starvation also led to an important shift of dominance among protein groups between amide I and amide II which compounds are suspected to play a key role in the frustule synthesis and architecture. Nutrient starvations affected the relative biochemical composition of diatom frustule fractions and organic coating which could imply a strong impact on frustule structure and architecture but also on frustule mechanical and chemical resistance.
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Fukatu, Kazuhiko. "Gut starvation". Japanese Journal of SURGICAL METABOLISM and NUTRITION 48, n. 5 (2014): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11638/jssmn.48.5_197.

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3

Bobrovnikova, Lidia A., Maria S. Pakholkova, Roman A. Sidorov e Maria A. Sinetova. "Starch and triacylglycerol accumulation in the cells of the stain Chlorella sp. IPPAS C-1210". Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), n. 2(26) (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2021-2(26)-1-7.

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Strain Сhlorella sp. IPPAS C-1210 is an effective lipid and triacilglycerols (TAG) producer. The strain could be used eventually in such industries as bioenergetics, food industry and agriculture. The objective of this work was investigation of conditions in which the strain Сhlorella sp. IPPAS C-1210 accumulates the most starch and TAG in cells with a view to optimise its growth and productivity. The following cultivation parameters were investigated in order to figure out their influence on accumulation of starch and TAG: nitrogen- and phosphorous-starvation and cultivation on media with different nitrogen (nitrate, urea) and carbon (carbon dioxide, bicarbonate) sources. Pigments, starch, protein and lipid content in cells were measured. The exclusion of nitrogen or phosphorus source from medium decreased the biomass productivity significantly, caused chlorosis and reduction of protein content. Total lipid content increased slightly after phosphorous starvation and stayed almost constant under nitrogen starvation, however a greater TAG increase was observed during nitrogen starvation. Both nitrogen and phosphorous starvations caused the increase of the amount of reserve carbohydrates: during phosphorous starvation increase was insignificant, whereas the latter almost doubled the amount of reserve carbohydrates. The highest biomass and lipid productivity was observed in cells grown in bicarbonate supplement medium and the highest starch productivity was observed in cells grown in standard BBM-3N medium.
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Kuo, Macus, Helen Chen, Lynn Feun e Niramol Savaraj. "Targeting the Proline–Glutamine–Asparagine–Arginine Metabolic Axis in Amino Acid Starvation Cancer Therapy". Pharmaceuticals 14, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14010072.

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Proline, glutamine, asparagine, and arginine are conditionally non-essential amino acids that can be produced in our body. However, they are essential for the growth of highly proliferative cells such as cancers. Many cancers express reduced levels of these amino acids and thus require import from the environment. Meanwhile, the biosynthesis of these amino acids is inter-connected but can be intervened individually through the inhibition of key enzymes of the biosynthesis of these amino acids, resulting in amino acid starvation and cell death. Amino acid starvation strategies have been in various stages of clinical applications. Targeting asparagine using asparaginase has been approved for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Targeting glutamine and arginine starvations are in various stages of clinical trials, and targeting proline starvation is in preclinical development. The most important obstacle of these therapies is drug resistance, which is mostly due to reactivation of the key enzymes involved in biosynthesis of the targeted amino acids and reprogramming of compensatory survival pathways via transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-translational mechanisms. Here, we review the interactive regulatory mechanisms that control cellular levels of these amino acids for amino acid starvation therapy and how drug resistance is evolved underlying treatment failure.
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Ahsan, Chowdhury Rafiqul, Farah Shamma, Nazmul Ahsan e Moutusee Jubaida Islam. "Environmental Factors Regulate the hlyE Gene Expression in Both S. typhi and E. coli in a Similar Way to Display Haemolytic Activity". Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 42, n. 1 (29 marzo 2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v42i1.32001.

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Haemolysin (HlyE) is an essential virulence factor of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria. Although, a substantial degree of haemolytic activity is not seen under normal culture conditions in these organisms, however, the non-haemolytic E. coli K-12 showed significant haemolytic activity under stress conditions. To confirm this phenomenon in other enteric bacteria, in this study, the production of haemolysin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi under stress conditions, like oxygen and glucose starvations in vitro was investigated during March-December 2015. For this, S. typhi was cultured under oxygen or glucose starvation condition separately and this organism showed high haemolytic activity. The activity was found to be much higher when both the conditions were applied together. Also, the role of the transcription factor SlyA of S. typhi was investigated on induction of haemolytic activity. When E. coli K-12 was transformed with plasmid containing the gene of SlyA, the recombinant bacteria without any starvation condition, also showed similar haemolytic activity that was exhibited by S. typhi grown under oxygen and glucose starvation conditions. All these findings suggest that both environmental factors like oxygen or glucose starvation and overexpression of the transcription factor SlyA have important role in inducing hlyE gene expression in S. typhi.
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Thounthong, P., B. Davat, S. Rael e P. Sethakul. "Fuel starvation". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 15, n. 4 (luglio 2009): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2009.932604.

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Frise, Charlotte J., e Lucy Mackillop. "Starvation ketoacidosis". Journal of the Intensive Care Society 17, n. 4 (25 ottobre 2016): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1751143716644462.

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Yates, Darran. "Signalling starvation". Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14, n. 10 (29 agosto 2013): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3592.

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Albano, Caterina. "Questioning starvation". Women's Writing 8, n. 2 (1 luglio 2001): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080100200172.

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Stephenson, Neal. "Innovation Starvation". World Policy Journal 28, n. 3 (2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277511425349.

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Tesi sul tema "Starvation"

1

Robertson, Fiona E. "Starvation-survival in Escherichia coli". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63636/.

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The population dynamics of carbon-starved E. coli K12 cultures was investigated. It was found that less cell lysis occurred when cells were previously grown in low glucose concentrations. Exponential-phase cells grown previously in 0.05% (w/v) glucose had survival rates comparable with their stationary-phase counterparts, suggesting that the rate of growth is more important in determining the outcome of starvation than the phase of batch culture growth. Long-termstarved cells (18-24 months) showed very little protein, DNA and RNA synthesis. Methionine was shown to alter the de novo synthesis protein profiles of longterm- starved cells and growth was seen to occur in the presence of methionine. This suggests that radio-labelling of proteins with 35S-methionine in these cells should be interpreted with care as the cells have been subjected to a nutrient upshift. Radio-labelling of proteins with 3H-leucine did not have the same effect. The ATP content of cells during prolonged incubation was shown to decrease in the first 48 hours incubation, increase until 5-7 days incubation then decrease after 7-8 days. After 13 days a slow, steady increase occurred. The ATP content of cells incubated for 16 days was higher than that of 48 hour-incubated cells. The physiology of long-term-starved cells was investigated with respect to their permeability to routine bacteriological stains ( e.g. DAPI, saffranin, Geimsa) and it was found that very few of these dyes were able to penetrate the cells, indicating that a decrease in cell permeability may be an important factor in survival as is seen in endospores of Bacillus species and swarmer cells of Rhodomicrobium vannielii and Caulobacter crescentus. Resistance of long-term starved cells to heat and biocide challenge was increased in comparison with exponential- and short-term (48 hour) stationary-phase cells and the resistance to biocides was shown to be retained through subsequent generations. Examination of the nucleoids of long-term-starved cells revealed that a more condensed form was present in cultures incubated for over 14 days, suggesting that dehydration of the DNA had occurred, similar to the situation found in endospores of Bacillus species and suggestive of dormancy. Analysis of outer-membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide of long-term-starved cells showed that alterations occurred to the surface of the cells and it was demonstrated that hydrophobicity changes occurred. Hydrophobicity reached a maximum after 48 hours incubation then subsequently declined between days 2 and 3 which corresponded with an increase in cell numbers. Cell surface hydrophobicity was shown to be a potential method for separating heterogeneous, carbon-starved populations into homogeneous subpopulations. The data suggest that E. coli produces a dormant survival cell type which is morphologically and physiologically distinct from the parent cell.
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Dwivedi, Padmanabh. "Carbohydrate starvation and plant respiration". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624182.

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Price-Bishop, G. P., e Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Effects of Starvation on Bacteria". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1992. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2891.

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Howard, Jane Katherine. "Leptin, starvation and the immune system". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396338.

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Poursaitidis, I. "Identification of differential nutrient starvation responses". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3019213/.

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To promote survival and proliferation cancer cells re-programme their metabolism, altering both uptake and utilisation of extracellular nutrients. To examine correspondences between nutrient supply and viability, in order to identify targetable requirements, I individually depleted amino acid nutrients from diploid Human Mammary Epithelial (HME) isogenic cells expressing commonly activated oncogenes. Cystine deprivation was found to induce massive-oxidative stress associated-cell death of HME cells expressing an activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cell death occurred via an iron-dependent mode, known as ferroptosis associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling was found to block ferroptosis and ROS production and was associated with increased expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Suppression of GPX4 expression in wild-type or gefitinib-treated HME-EGFR cells was sufficient to sensitise cells to ferroptosis. Importantly, MAPK signals were also important in suppressing cell-cell contact and communication that was found to provide an essential line of defence against ferroptosis induction and spread. In this way, microscopic observation of ferroptosis in wild-type HME cells identified a cell death spread phenotype that is consistent with necrosis phenotypes observed in ischemic models. Inhibition of ROS generation and lipid peroxidation effectively blocked the progression of necrosis indicating that counteracting lipid peroxidation might be beneficial for degenerative conditions where lipid peroxidation is evident. Additional therapeutic application of my findings was modelled using non-small lung cancer cell (NSCLC) lines with overactive ERK signalling. These cells were found to be sensitive to ferroptosis following deprivation of cystine in vitro as well as in vivo where in systemic deprivation of cystine was achieved in xenografted mice following administration of a cystine-degrading enzyme. Taken together, my results show that the presence of common oncogenic mutations can render cells sensitive to the depletion of a specific nutrient, and further suggest potentially novel anti-cancer therapies based on the inability of some MAPK-driven cancer cells to overcome oxidative stress following nutrient depletion, as well as therapies to limit the spreading phenotype of ferroptosis in cells associated with other diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease, or that occur in normal cells in response to ischemic reperfusion and acute kidney injuries.
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PORCILE, GAETANO. "Subaqueous sand dunes and sediment starvation". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/941829.

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Thomas, Beth Elene Armstrong. "Regulation of phosphate starvation response in Arabidopsis". Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5029.

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Phosphate is an essential but limited macronutrient for all plants. In response to limited levels of phosphate, plants have developed highly specialized developmental, biochemical, and molecular responses. To further expand our knowledge of the phosphate starvation induced signal transduction pathway in plants, the expression of the phosphate starvation inducible Purple Acid Phosphatase 1 (PAP1) gene was studied in transgenic Arabidopsis. While few components have been identified regulating gene expression under phosphate starvation conditions in plants, one cis regulatory element recognized by the MYB transcriptions factor Phosphate Starvation Response 1 (PHR1) has been identified in many phosphate starvation induced (PSI) genes. PAP1 and many other genes examined during the course of the mutant characterization contain this cis element. Using the GUS reporter gene under control of the PAP1 promoter, a mutant screen was devised for plants showing abnormal PAP1 response to phosphate nutrition. Three mutant lines were identified and subsequently characterized for the phosphate starvation-induced signal-transduction pathway in Arabidopsis. Two mutants, BT1 and BT2, both with dominant mutations, showed increased GUS staining. The mutations in BT1 and BT2 are tightly linked to the transgene and to each other, but complementation analysis suggested that they are in different genes. Characterization of these mutants indicated that the PSI genes PAP1 and At4 (in BT1 roots), and RNS1 (in BT2 leaves) have alternative or additional methods of regulation other than PHR, even though these genes all contain PHR1 binding sites. A third mutant, BT3, had a phenotype similar to the PAP1 null-mutant and did not show PAP1 phosphatase activity under normal soil-grown conditions. Characterization of BT3 indicates that PAP1, RNS1, and AtIPS1 are not exclusively regulated by PHR1. In an attempt to map the BT3 mutant in a Columbia background by crossing with Landsberg erecta (Ler), it was discovered that the Ler ecotype does not show PAP1 phosphatase activity under normal soil-grown conditions. The PAP1 phosphatase regulatory trait, named BT5, was mapped to a 15,562 bp-region area containing only two genes between the GPA1 and ER markers on Chromosome 2.
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Purdon, Scott Drummond. "Starvation survival response of sulphate-reducing bacteria". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340595.

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This thesis aims to investigate how SRB endure long periods of nutrient deprivation in the oligotrophic conditions of the North Sea. The presence of small cells in the marine environment has been extensively documented. These small cells are termed ultramicrobacteria, and are defined as being less than 0.3 μm in diameter. The formation of small cells by SRB was postulated to facilitate penetration of SRB deep within oil reservoirs, during water injection, exacerbating SRB associated problems. These studies revealed that a maximum of 15% of starving SRB populations formed UMB. Cultures starved for up to 6 years did not demonstrate an increase in UMB formation. Cell size studies revealed that SRB demonstrated a maximum 62% cell size decrease during starvation. Total cell counts revealed a constant cell number throughout starvation studies indicating a decrease in cell size by cell dwarfing. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a decrease in cellular content during starvation. This is consistent with a decrease in cell diameter during starvation. There was no difference in cell size decrease when cells were starved in the presence or absence of sulphate. There appeared, however, to be enhanced recoverability of cells starved in the presence of sulphate. SRB were demonstrated to be able to withstand simultaneous periods of sulphate and carbon starvation. This may have serious consequences for the oil industry as sulphate is often limiting in oil reservoirs. This evidence suggests that SRB could endure such conditions and recover when sulphate becomes available. SRB appear to enter a dormant phase shortly after the onset of starvation. Metabolic studies indicated that the entry into starvation was characterised by an initial increase in metabolic activity followed by a sharp decrease in metabolic activity to negligible levels. Metabolic activity could be re-initiated following inoculation into fresh growth medium.
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Bishop, G. P., e Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Physiological Changes in Bacteria During Starvation Stress". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1990. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2889.

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Bishop, G. P., e Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Physiological Changes in Bacteria During Starvation Stress". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2890.

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Libri sul tema "Starvation"

1

Pronzini, Bill. Starvation camp. London: Hale, 1985.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), a cura di. Starvation camp. New York: Berkley Books, 2001.

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Gruber, Frank. Fort starvation. Leicester: Linford, 1992.

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Pronzini, Bill. Starvation camp. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Mystery Scene Books, 1994.

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Pronzini, Bill. Starvation camp. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2003.

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Kjelleberg, Staffan, a cura di. Starvation in Bacteria. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2439-1.

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Hawkins, Nigel. The starvation blockades. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper, 2002.

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Hammel, Eric M. Guadalcanal: Starvation island. New York: Crown Publishers, 1987.

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Hammel, Eric M. Guadalcanal: Starvation island. Pacifica, Calif: Pacifica Press, 1992.

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Guadalcanal: Starvation island. New York: Crown Publishers, 1987.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Starvation"

1

Weissman, Charles, e Rawhi Hashem. "Starvation". In Surgical Metabolism, 95–129. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39781-4_5.

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Weik, Martin H. "starvation". In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1656. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_18144.

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Weissman, Charles, e Rawhi Hashem. "Starvation". In Surgical Metabolism, 71–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1121-9_4.

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Leung, Alexander K. C., Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Alexander K. C. Leung, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff et al. "Starvation". In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1979. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6168.

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Lopp, Michael. "Information Starvation". In Managing Humans, 75–79. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2158-7_12.

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Lopp, Michael. "Information Starvation". In Managing Humans, 69–73. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4315-1_11.

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von der Lippe, George B., e Viktoria M. Reck-Malleczewen. "Starvation (Fames)". In A History of the Münster Anabaptists, 137–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230612563_8.

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Lopp, Michael. "Information Starvation". In Managing Humans, 75–79. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7116-2_12.

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Hanson, A. H. "Towards Starvation?" In Planning and the Politicians, 252–58. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003259787-22.

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Leung, Alexander K. C., Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Alexander K. C. Leung, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff et al. "Self-Starvation". In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1916–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_3417.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Starvation"

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Posch, Daniel, Christian Kreuzberger, Benjamin Rainer e Hermann Hellwagner. "Client starvation". In the 1st international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2660129.2660162.

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White, A., M. Meyer e K. Jones. "HC-130 fuel starvation testing". In 1999 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.99TH8403). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.1999.790220.

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Gerard, Mathias, Jean-Philippe Poirot-Crouvezier, Daniel Hissel e Marie-Cecile Pe´ra. "Oxygen Starvation Effects on PEMFC Durability". In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33173.

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The problem of oxygen starvation on PEMFC is often observed (partially or totally in a cell). It is caused by water management problems (water droplet in the channels) or air management faults (delay during peak power). In our previous work, the current distribution has been measured along the cell during air starvation and calculated by modeling; the effects of the local temperature and the hygrometry in the MEA have been identified. However the mechanisms of degradation are still not completely understood. Several points have to be investigated like the short and long dated changes in performances and the degradation mechanisms in such a condition. In this paper, the study is completed by two sets of experiments. The first one is carried out with a bi-cell stack developed with specific design to compute the local current density by measuring the local induced magnetic field. Secondly, a long time ageing test is run with a 6 cells stack (220 cm2) during oxygen starvation cycling conditions. Both tests (with characterizations) coupled with the 2D serpentine meshing stack model (taking into account transport phenomena, heat transfer and semi-empirical electrochemical reactions) provide information on the MEA local conditions effects during oxygen starvation. Especially the different reaction mechanisms at the cathode side are explained likewise the consequences on ageing.
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Warrier, Ajit, Jeongki Min e Injong Rhee. "Mitigating Starvation in Wireless Sensor Networks". In MILCOM 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2006.301993.

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Kai, Cai Hong, e Soung Chang Liew. "Temporal Starvation in CSMA Wireless Networks". In ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2011.5963320.

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Poplawski Ma, Laura, Samuel Nelson, Gregory Lauer e Stephen Zabele. "ASAP: Preventing Starvation in Backpressure Forwarding". In MILCOM 2018 - IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2018.8599753.

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Negreanu, Lorina. "Modeling Non-starvation in Multi-agent Systems". In 2015 20th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscs.2015.46.

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Ronasi, Keivan, Sathish Gopalakrishnan e Vincent W. S. Wong. "Flow Starvation Mitigation for Wireless Mesh Networks". In 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2009.4917728.

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Park, Jiyeon, Bongjae Kim e Yookun Cho. "A DCH starvation DoS attack in UMTS". In the 2012 ACM Research in Applied Computation Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2401603.2401677.

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Wong, Yu-Shiang, Der-Jiunn Deng, Yang-Sheng Chen e Jiann-Liang Chen. "On Alleviating Starvation in Wireless Sensor Networks". In ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2011.5963194.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Starvation"

1

Mason, Gerald A. Operation Starvation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420650.

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2

Costa, Dora. Overweight Grandsons and Grandfathers' Starvation Exposure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30599.

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3

Matin, A., T. Schmidt e D. Caldwell. Role of starvation genes in the survival of deep subsurface bacterial communities. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674896.

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4

Gikandi, Levi. COVID-19 and Vulnerable, Hardworking Kenyans: Why it's time for a strong social protection plan. Oxfam, Kenya Red Cross Society, Concern Worldwide, ACTED, IMPACT Initiatives, The Centre for Rights, Education and Awareness (CREAW), Wangu Kanja Foundation, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6591.

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Abstract (sommario):
Seven NGOs, the Kenyan government, the European Union and the Danish and German governments are working together to implement a ’Safety Nets’ programme targeting Kenya’s millions of informal workers. With rising food insecurity and sexual and gender-based-violence, mounting job losses, poor access to water and sanitation, and a lack of formal safety nets, the Kenyan informal sector has suffered the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Safety Nets programme has revealed that cash transfers which support the most vulnerable people, and are implemented safely, transparently and accountably, have the potential to help vulnerable households stave off starvation, infection and eviction. They can also help reduce the vulnerability of survivors and those at risk of sexual and gender-based violence. The results of this programme demonstrate that nascent Kenyan ‘social protection’ programmes should be 1) immediately extended and expanded to the many vulnerable Kenyans currently not enrolled in any social protection programme; and 2) strengthened long-term to make them more effective, sustainable and accountable.
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5

Raghothama, Kashchandra G., Avner Silber e Avraham Levy. Biotechnology approaches to enhance phosphorus acquisition of tomato plants. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586546.bard.

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Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the least available macronutrient in the soil. The high affinity phosphate transporters are known to be associated with phosphate acquisition under natural conditions. Due to unique interactions of phosphate with soil particles, up to 80% of the applied phosphates may be fixed forcing the farmers to apply 4 to 5 times the fertilizers necessary for crop production. Efficient uptake and utilization of this essential nutrient is essential for sustainability and profitability of agriculture. Many predictions point to utilization/exhaustion of high quality phosphate rocks within this century. This calls for efforts to improve the ability of plants to acquire and utilize limiting sources of phosphate in the rhizosphere. Two important molecular and biochemical components associated with phosphate efficiency are phosphate transporters and phosphatases. This research project is aimed at defining molecular determinants of phosphate acquisition and utilization in addition to generating phosphate uptake efficient plants. The main objectives of the project were; Creation and analysis of transgenic tomato plants over-expressing phosphatases and transporters Characterization of the recently identified members (LePT3 and LePT4) of the Pi transporter family Generate molecular tools to study genetic responses of plants to Pi deficiency During the project period we have successfully identified and characterized a novel phosphate transporter associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis. The expression of this transporter increases with mycorrhizal symbiosis. A thorough characterization of mutant tomato lacking the expression of this gene revealed the biological significance of LePT3 and another novel gene LePT4. In addition we have isolated and characterized several phosphate starvation induced genes from tomato using a combination of differential and subtractive mRNA hybridization techniques. One of the genes, LePS2 belongs to the family of phospho-protein phosphatase. The functionality of the recombinant protein was determined using synthetic phosphor-peptides. Over expression of this gene in tomato resulted in significant changes in growth, delay in flowering and senescence. It is anticipated that phospho-protein phosphatase may have regulatory role in phosphate deficiency responses of plants. In addition a novel phosphate starvation induced glycerol 3-phosphate permease gene family was also characterized. Two doctoral research students are continuing the characterization and functional analysis of these genes. Over expression of high affinity phosphate transporters in tobacco showed increased phosphate content under hydroponic conditions. There is growing evidence suggesting that high affinity phosphate transporters are crucial for phosphate acquisition even under phosphate sufficiency conditions. This project has helped train several postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Further analysis of transgenic plants expressing phosphatases and transporters will not only reveal the biological function of the targeted genes but also result in phosphate uptake and utilization efficient plants.
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Carter, Becky, e Luke Kelly. Social Inequalities and Famine and Severe Food Insecurity Risk. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.097.

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Abstract (sommario):
This rapid review summarises the evidence on the ways in which social inequalities and discrimination affect the risk of famine or severe food insecurity. Looking at the risk at the national and sub-national level, gender and other horizontal inequities can affect a society’s risk of violent conflict and therefore food insecurity, while fragile livelihoods associated with ethnic marginalisation can impact regional food security. At the individual and household level, there is a lack of disaggregated data on people’s social characteristics and famines. There is a broader literature on the impact of systemic discrimination (based on gender, age, disability, sexuality, and ethnic identity) on individuals’ and households’ livelihoods and assets, thereby increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity. A key finding from the literature is the gender gap, with women more at risk of being food insecure than men. Also, some ethnic groups are highly vulnerable particularly in conflict-related famines; starvation is used as a warfare tactic in political and ethnic conflicts. There is evidence of how social inequalities heighten individuals’ risks during food crises and famines, including through exposure to protection threats, while limiting their access to essential services and humanitarian assistance. A broad range of measures seeks to address the multi-dimensional ways in which social inequalities affect vulnerability and resilience to food insecurity.
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Lers, Amnon, E. Lomaniec, S. Burd, A. Khalchitski, L. Canetti e Pamela J. Green. Analysis of Senescence Inducible Ribonuclease in Tomato: Gene Regulation and Function. United States Department of Agriculture, febbraio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570563.bard.

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Natural leaf senescence has a negative influence on yield. Postharvest induced senescence contributes to the losses of quality in flowers, foliage, and vegetables. Strategies designed to control the senescence process in crop plants could therefore have great applied significance. Senescence is regulated by differential gene expression yet, functional characterization of the genes specifically induced and study of their expression control, is still in its infancy. Study of senescence-specific genes is required to allow identification of regulatory elements participating in senescence-induced expression and thus provide insights into the genetic regulation of senescence. A main feature of senescence is the hydrolysis of macromolecules by hydrolases of various types such as RNases and proteases. This study was aimed a analysis of senescence-inducible RNases in tomato with the following objectives: Isolation of senescence-inducible RNase cDNA clones; Expression analyses of RNase genes during senescence; Identification of sequences required for senescence-induced gene expression; Functional analyses of senescence-inducible RNases. We narrowed our aims somewhat to focus on the first three objectives because the budget we were awarded was reduced from that requested. We have expanded our research for identification senescence-related RNase/nuclease activities as we thought it will direct us to new RNase/nuclease genes. We have also carried out research in Arabidopsis and parsley, which enabled us to draw mire general conclusions. We completed the first and second objectives and have made considerable progress on the remaining two. We have defined growth conditions suitable for this research and defined the physiological and biochemical parameters characteristic to the advance of leaf senescence. In tomato and arabidopsis we have focused on natural leaf senescence. Parsley was used mainly for study of postharvest senescence in detached leaves. We have identified a 41-kD a tomato nuclease, LeNUCI, specifically induced during senescence which can degrade both RNA and DNA. This activity could be induced by ethylene in young leaves and was subjected to detailed analysis, which enabled its classification as Nuclease I enzyme. LeNUCI may be involved in nucleic acid metabolism during tomato leaf senescence. In parsley senescing leaves we identified 2 main senescence-related nuclease activities of 41 and 39-kDa. These activities were induced in both naturally or artificially senescing leaves, could degrade both DNA and RNA and were very similar in their characteristics to the LeNUCI. Two senescence-induced RNase cDNAs were cloned from tomato. One RNase cDNA was identical to the tomato LX RNase while the second corresponded to the LE RNase. Both were demonstrated before to be induced following phosphate starvation of tomato cell culture but nothing was known about their expression or function in plants. LX gene expression was much more senescence specific and ethylene could activate it in detached young leaves. LE gene expression, which could be transiently induced by wounding, appeared to be activated by abscisic acid. We suggest that the LX RNase has a role in RNA catabolism in the final stage of senescence, and LE may be a defense-related protein. Transgenic plants were generated for altering LX gene expression. No major visible alterations in the phenotype were observed so far. Detailed analysis of senescence in these plants is performed currently. The LX promoter was cloned and its analysis is performed currently for identification of senescence-specific regulatory elements. In Arabidopsis we have identified and characterized a senescence-associated nuclease 1 gene, BFN1, which is highly expressed during leaf and stem senescence. BFN1, is the first example of a senescence- associated gene encoding a nuclease I enzyme as well as the first nuclease I cloned and characterized from Arabidopsis. Our progress should provide excellent tools for the continued analysis of regulation and function of senescence-inducible ribonucleases and nucleases in plants. The cloned genes can be used in reverse genetic approaches, already initiated, which can yield a more direct evidence for the function of these enzymes. Another contribution of this research will be in respect to the molecular mechanism, which controls senescence. We had already initiated in this project and will continue to identify and characterize regulatory elements involved in senescence-specific expression of the genes isolated in this work.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, e Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.

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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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