Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "Stage-specific framework".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Articoli di riviste sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
1
Hayes, Daniel, Miguel Moreira, Isabel Boavida, Melanie Haslauer, Günther Unfer, Bernhard Zeiringer, Franz Greimel, Stefan Auer, Teresa Ferreira e Stefan Schmutz. "Life Stage-Specific Hydropeaking Flow Rules". Sustainability 11, n. 6 (14 marzo 2019): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061547.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Peak-operating hydropower plants are usually the energy grid’s backbone by providing flexible energy production. At the same time, hydropeaking operations are considered one of the most adverse impacts on rivers, whereby aquatic organisms and their life-history stages can be affected in many ways. Therefore, we propose specific seasonal regulations to protect ecologically sensitive life cycle stages. By reviewing hydropeaking literature, we establish a framework for hydrological mitigation based on life-history stages of salmonid fish and their relationship with key parameters of the hydrograph. During migration and spawning, flows should be kept relatively stable, and a flow cap should be implemented to prevent the dewatering of spawning grounds during intragravel life stages. While eggs may be comparably tolerant to dewatering, post-hatch stages are very vulnerable, which calls for minimizing or eliminating the duration of drawdown situations and providing adequate minimum flows. Especially emerging fry are extremely sensitive to flow fluctuations. As fish then grow in size, they become less vulnerable. Therefore, an ‘emergence window’, where stringent thresholds on ramping rates are enforced, is proposed. Furthermore, time of day, morphology, and temperature changes must be considered as they may interact with hydropeaking. We conclude that the presented mitigation framework can aid the environmental enhancement of hydropeaking rivers while maintaining flexible energy production.
2
Mancini, Stephen, Laurie Iacono, Frank Hartle, Megan Garfinkel, Dana Horn e Alison Sullivan. "Introducing the Common Attack Process Framework for Incident Mapping". International Journal of Cyber Research and Education 3, n. 2 (luglio 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcre.2021070102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents a new framework that allows both educators and operational personnel to better overlay incidents into a simplified framework. While other attack frameworks exist, they either lack simplicity or are too focused on specific types of attacks. Therefore, the authors have attempted to define a framework that can be used broadly across both physical and cyber incidents. Furthermore, the paper provides several high-profile examples wherein it is shown how this new framework more accurately represents the adversary's actions. Lastly, the framework allows room for expansion in that, within each stage, a plethora of questions can be addressed, giving greater specificity into how that stage was carried out.
3
van der Meij, Barbara S., Coline P. Schoonbeek, Egbert F. Smit, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Paul A. M. van Leeuwen e Jacqueline A. E. Langius. "Pre-cachexia and cachexia at diagnosis of stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma: an exploratory study comparing two consensus-based frameworks". British Journal of Nutrition 109, n. 12 (16 novembre 2012): 2231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512004527.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite the development of consensus-based frameworks to define cancer cachexia, the validity and usefulness of these frameworks are relatively unknown. The aim of the present study was to study the presence of pre-cachexia and cachexia in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by using a cancer-specific framework and a general framework for cachexia, and to explore the prognostic value of pre-cachexia and cachexia. In forty patients at diagnosis of stage III NSCLC, weight loss, fat-free mass, handgrip strength, anorexia and serum biochemistry, assessed before the first chemotherapy, were used to define ‘cancer cachexia’ or ‘cachexia’. The cancer-specific framework also classified for pre-cachexia and refractory cachexia. Additionally, quality of life was assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer – Quality of Life Questionnaire C30. Groups were compared using independent t tests, ANOVA, Kaplan–Meier and Cox survival analyses. Based on the cancer-specific framework, pre-cachexia was present in nine patients (23 %) and cancer cachexia was present in seven patients (18 %). Cancer cachexia was associated with a reduced quality of life (P= 0·03) and shorter survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2·9; P= 0·04). When using the general framework, cachexia was present in eleven patients (28 %), and was associated with a reduced quality of life (P= 0·08) and shorter survival (HR = 4·4; P= 0·001). In conclusion, pre-cachexia and cachexia are prevalent in this small population of patients at diagnosis of stage III NSCLC. For both frameworks, cachexia appears to be associated with a reduced quality of life and shorter survival. Further studies are warranted to more extensively explore the validity and prognostic value of these new frameworks in cancer patients.
4
Yadav, Gunjan, Dinesh Seth e Tushar N. Desai. "Analysis of research trends and constructs in context to lean six sigma frameworks". Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 28, n. 6 (3 luglio 2017): 794–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2017-0043.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The literature of lean six sigma (LSS) is flooded with frameworks. But to date, there has been no attempt to expose the inconsistencies in the existing frameworks and associated research trends. The purpose of this paper is to critically review 26 LSS frameworks and highlight inconsistencies. The study also helps in analysing research trends and constructs of LSS frameworks, and facilitates new applications. Design/methodology/approach It uses Scopus database and finalises 26 frameworks in the LSS domain considering a timeframe from 2000 to 2017, using a structured literature review approach and involving domain experts. It uses a battery of systematic requirements-based questions to understand trends and covers building blocks/constructs also. Findings It reveals inconsistencies at three different stages, namely, the framework stage, usage stage capturing existing research trends and construct stage. It also offers details at building block/construct level. Thus, it offers guidance in reducing inconsistencies and possible modifications in the existing frameworks. It not only exposes existing constructs and sub-constructs but also guides about the new upcoming changes in the business influencing the LSS domain. It also educates about the strengths and weaknesses of each framework. Research limitations/implications This study tries to reduce inconsistencies, but does not offer new generalised or sector-specific framework. Practical implications This study will assist for modification/corrections in the existing frameworks by reducing inconsistencies and will encourage new frameworks to facilitate applications. Originality/value This is a unique study which offers frameworks-based review, portrays research trends and guides about constructs of a framework by exposing inconsistencies at each stage. It helps in reducing inconsistencies and offers guidance regarding modifications in the LSS framework considering upcoming challenges.
5
Saarela, Martti, Anna-Mari Simunaniemi, Matti Muhos e Pekka Leviäkangas. "Growth management of eHealth service start-ups". Journal of Advances in Management Research 15, n. 1 (5 febbraio 2018): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-06-2017-0073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the early development of eHealth service start-ups. To elaborate the research problem, the study addresses the following research questions: How do managerial experiences in eHealth service start-ups relate to the central findings of the recent empirically based stages-of-growth literature? What context-specific viewpoints should be considered when using the stage framework in relation to eHealth service start-ups? Design/methodology/approach In this explorative multiple case study, the authors test a growth framework describing the early stages of eHealth service firms through eight case studies. The authors utilise the critical incident technique and semi-structured interviews in the data collection. Findings When taking into account the key contradictions assessed in the study as well as context-specific features of eHealth businesses, the empirically based stage framework seems to be a useful starting point for reflecting on and predicting the challenges faced during the early development of eHealth service start-ups. Slow growth due to several factors and the essential role of the public sector were commonly emphasised elements of the context-specific viewpoints of the eHealth service business. Practical implications The results may be used in start-ups and intermediary organisations as a framework for predicting managerial challenges during the start-up stage of an eHealth service business. Originality/value Numerous universal models and frameworks have attempted to clarify management priorities during the early stages of business. However, context-specific viewpoints and their effects on start-ups have not been broadly studied. This study provides new insights into growth management in the eHealth context.
6
Ota, Helen C. U., Brandon G. Smith, Alexander Alamri, Faith C. Robertson, Hani Marcus, Allison Hirst, Marike Broekman, Peter Hutchinson, Peter McCulloch e Angelos Kolias. "The IDEAL framework in neurosurgery: a bibliometric analysis". Acta Neurochirurgica 162, n. 12 (10 luglio 2020): 2939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04477-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background The Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term study (IDEAL) framework was created to provide a structured way for assessing and evaluating novel surgical techniques and devices. Objectives The aim of this paper was to investigate the utilization of the IDEAL framework within neurosurgery, and to identify factors influencing implementation. Methods A bibliometric analysis of the 7 key IDEAL papers on Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (2009–2019) was performed. A second journal-specific search then identified additional papers citing the IDEAL framework. Publications identified were screened by two independent reviewers to select neurosurgery-specific articles. Results The citation search identified 1336 articles. The journal search identified another 16 articles. Following deduplication and review, 51 relevant articles remained; 14 primary papers (27%) and 37 secondary papers (73%). Of the primary papers, 5 (36%) papers applied the IDEAL framework to their research correctly; two were aligned to the pre-IDEAL stage, one to the Idea and Development stages, and two to the Exploration stage. Of the secondary papers, 21 (57%) explicitly discussed the IDEAL framework. Eighteen (86%) of these were supportive of implementing the framework, while one was not, and two were neutral. Conclusion The adoption of the IDEAL framework in neurosurgery has been slow, particularly for early-stage neurosurgical techniques and inventions. However, the largely positive reviews in secondary literature suggest potential for increased use that may be achieved with education and publicity.
7
Amaldass, Nareyus, Cormac Lucas e Nenad Mladenovic. "A heuristic hybrid framework for vector job scheduling". Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 27, n. 1 (2017): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor150416013a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We examine the first phase of a known NP-hard 2-stage assembly problem. It consists of sequencing a set of jobs having multiple components to be processed. Each job has to be worked on independently on a specific machine. We consider these jobs to form a vector of tasks. Our objective is to schedule jobs on the particular machines in order to minimize the completion time before the second stage starts. We first develop a new mathematical programming formulation of the problem and test it on a small problem instance using an integer programming solver. Then, we develop a heuristic algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization and Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristics in order to minimize the total completion time. The performance of our implementation appears to be efficient and effective.
8
Corbo, Leonardo, Shadi Mahassel e Alberto Ferraris. "Translational mechanisms in business model design: introducing the continuous validation framework". Management Decision 58, n. 9 (30 maggio 2020): 2011–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2019-1488.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PurposeThis paper aims at proposing knowledge translation as an element of business model design that can support entrepreneurs in achieving alignment and collaboration between entrepreneurial teams and external stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model presented in the paper is developed from the literature review and draws mainly on two streams of work as follows: first, the contributions related to the lean start-up methodology initially developed by Blank and Ries and second, the work of Osterwalder and Pigneur on business models and its subsequent developments. In addition, we draw on key insights from the entrepreneurship and organizational learning literature, such as discovery-driven planning and disciplined entrepreneurship.FindingsThe continuous validation framework (CVF) is introduced, posing the attention on underlining knowledge-translation mechanisms to decode complex concepts related to new venture creation.Originality/valueThe authors propose a new framework (the CVF) as an effective translational tool because it is a visual diagram that allows entrepreneurs to translate complex and technical ideas into a format that is more understandable for external audiences. Additionally, for each step of the CVF, specific translational mechanisms are defined and discussed, as each stage of the CVF presents specific translational challenges that result in outcomes that differ from stage to stage.
9
McLean, Richard Scott, e Jiju Antony. "A conceptual continuous improvement implementation framework for UK manufacturing companies". International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 34, n. 7 (7 agosto 2017): 1015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-02-2016-0022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review current continuous improvement implementation models and frameworks, and present a new conceptual framework tailored specifically to the needs of UK manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach The paper details the in-depth review of 20 existing models or frameworks for continuous improvement implementation, demonstrating the need for a new industry and region specific solution. Through the incorporation of previous findings from literature, coupled with the positive aspects of the current offerings, a new conceptual framework for continuous improvement implementation in UK manufacturing companies is presented. Findings The paper demonstrates the need for industry and region specific frameworks and demonstrates that current models and frameworks do not completely fulfil the objective of the research. A new continuous improvement implementation framework is therefore presented in a user friendly format, comprising positive aspects of previous models and frameworks where applicable. Research limitations/implications The focus of the research is limited to the UK and the manufacturing industry. It is therefore not clear the applicability of the framework presented to other regions and industries. The framework presented is also conceptual at this stage and requires validation through interview and application. Practical implications The framework presented will provide senior managers wishing to implement continuous improvement an understanding of the high level process, as well as awareness of their role within the roll out. Overall, the framework provides a clear guide whilst also allowing for individual tailoring of the elements contained to the needs of the company. Originality/value The paper presents a new conceptual framework; the first to be tailored to the needs of UK manufacturing companies. The framework has also been demonstrated to be a more robust solution than those currently in existence.
10
Wiese, Lisa, Anna E. Pohlmeyer e Paul Hekkert. "Design for Sustained Wellbeing through Positive Activities—A Multi-Stage Framework". Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, n. 4 (29 settembre 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti4040071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, we introduce a framework that conceptualizes a multi-stage process through which technology can promote sustained wellbeing. Intentional wellbeing-enhancing activities form the centerpiece linking direct product interaction to, ultimately, wellbeing. The framework was developed following a bottom-up–top-down approach by integrating theoretical knowledge from positive psychology, behavioral science and human–computer interaction (HCI)/design with empirical insights. We outline (a) the framework, (b) its five main stages including their multidisciplinary theoretical foundations, (c) relations between these stages and (d) specific elements that further describe each stage. The paper illustrates how the framework was developed and elaborates three major areas of application: (design) research, design strategies and measurement approaches. With this work, we aim to provide actionable guidance for researchers and IT practitioners to understand and design technologies that foster sustained wellbeing.
Tesi sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
1
Gravuer, Kelly. "Determinants of the introduction, naturalisation, and spread of Trifolium species in New Zealand". Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2004. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20071015.060329/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two conceptual approaches which offer promise for improved understanding of biological invasions are conceptualizing the invasion process as a series of distinct stages and explicitly incorporating human actions into analyses. This study explores the utility of these approaches for understanding the invasion of Trifolium (true clover) species in New Zealand. From the published literature, I collected a range of Trifolium species attributes, including aspects of global transport and use by humans, opportunistic association with humans in New Zealand, native range attributes, habitat characteristics, and biological traits. I also searched historical records to estimate the extent to which each species had been planted in New Zealand, a search facilitated by the enormous importance of Trifolium in New Zealands pastoral agriculture system. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling were then used to relate these variables to success at each invasion stage. Fifty-four of the 228 species in the genus Trifolium were intentionally introduced to New Zealand. Species introduced for commercial agriculture were characterised by a large number of economic uses and presence in Britain, while species introduced for horticulture or experimental agriculture were characterised by a large native range area. Nine of these 54 intentionally introduced species subsequently naturalised in New Zealand. The species that successfully naturalised were those that had been planted extensively by humans and that were well-matched to the New Zealand climate. A further 16 species (from the pool of 174 species that were never intentionally introduced) arrived and naturalised in New Zealand without any recorded intentional aid of humans. Several attributes appeared to assist species in unintentional introduction-naturalisation, including a good match to the New Zealand climate, a large native range area, presence in human-influenced habitats, a widespread distribution in Britain, and self-pollination capability. The 25 total naturalised species varied greatly in their current distributions and in the rates at which they had spread to achieve those distributions. Species that had spread quickly and are currently more widespread had been frequent contaminants in the pasture seed supply and have a long flowering period in New Zealand. Other biological traits and native range attributes played supporting roles in the spread process. Attributes facilitating success clearly varied among invasion stages. Humans played a dominant role at all stages of this invasion, although biological traits had increasing importance as a species moved through the invasion sequence. My findings suggest that incorporation of human actions and the stage-based framework provide valuable insight into the invasion process. I discuss potential avenues by which these approaches might be integrated into predictive invasion models.
Libri sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
1
Oakes, Lisa M., e David H. Rakison. Developmental Cascades. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391893.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Children take their first steps, produce their first words, and become able to solve many new problems seemingly overnight. Yet, each change reflects many other previous developments that occurred in the whole child across a range of domains, and each change, in turn, will provide opportunities for future development. This book proposes that all change can be explained in terms of developmental cascades such that events that occur at one point in development set the stage, or cause a ripple effect, for the emergence or development of different abilities, functions, or behaviors at another point in time. The authors argue that these developmental cascades are influenced by different kinds of constraints that do not have a single foundation: They may originate from the structure of the child’s nervous system and body, the physical or social environment, or knowledge and experience. These constraints occur at multiple levels of processing and change over time, and both contribute to developmental cascades and are the product of them. The book presents an overview of this developmental cascade perspective as a general framework for understanding change throughout the lifespan, although it is applied primarily to cognitive development in infancy. The book also addresses how a cascade approach obviates the dichotomy between domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms. The framework is applied in detail to three domains within infant cognitive development—namely, looking behavior, object representations, and concepts for animacy—as well as two domains unrelated to infant cognition (gender and attachment).
2
Arent, Douglas, Channing Arndt, Mackay Miller, Finn Tarp e Owen Zinaman, a cura di. The Political Economy of Clean Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 21st Conference of the Parties (CoP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) shifted the nature of the political economy challenge associated with achieving a global emissions trajectory that is consistent with a climate. The shifts generated by CoP21 place country decision-making and country policies at centre stage. Under moderately optimistic assumptions concerning the vigour with which CoP21 objectives are pursued, nearly every country in the world will set about to design and implement the most promising and locally relevant policies for achieving their agreed contribution to global mitigation. These policies are virtually certain to vary dramatically across countries. In short, the world stands at the cusp of an unprecedented era of policy experimentation in driving a clean energy transition. This book steps into this new world of broad-scale and locally relevant policy experimentation. The chapters focus on the political economy of clean energy transition with an emphasis on specific issues encountered in both developed and developing countries. Lead authors contribute a broad diversity of experience drawn from all major regions of the world, representing a compendium of what has been learned from recent initiatives, mostly (but not exclusively) at country level, to reduce GHG emissions. As this new era of experimentation dawns, their contributions are both relevant and timely.
3
Richard, Kreindler, Wolff Reinmar e Rieder Markus S. Commercial Arbitration in Germany. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676811.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This book provides a detailed commentary on and analysis of German arbitration law and practice. This title covers both domestic and international arbitration in all its stages. The work details the legal framework for German-related arbitration and provides practical guidance on the appropriate choices, with a specific focus on particularities of German law and practice. The book navigates along the life cycle of an arbitration, commencing with the arbitration agreement, continuing with the arbitral tribunal, the arbitral proceedings and interim relief, and concluding with the arbitral award including its recognition and enforcement. At each stage, the work combines exhaustive legal analysis, clear and concise presentation, and a practical and accessible approach. Arbitration in Germany continues to grow as the country builds on its reputation as a suitable venue for international arbitration. This trend is reflected in the increasing relevance of the German Institution of Arbitration (DIS), which currently has more than 1,150 members domestically and overseas, including numerous major trade organizations and chambers of commerce, leading German companies, judges, lawyers and academics. The number of arbitration cases under the DIS Rules has more than doubled since 2005 while statistics of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) show that Germany is the fifth most frequently chosen place of arbitration and German law is the fourth most frequently chosen law. Even where the place of arbitration is outside Germany, German arbitration law plays an increasingly important role for the recognition and enforcement of awards. This particular significance is highlighted by Germany's strong export-oriented economy and is mirrored in the fact that German parties are the second most frequently encountered nationality among parties in ICC arbitrations worldwide.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
1
Reimers, Fernando M. "The Role of Universities Building an Ecosystem of Climate Change Education". In Education and Climate Change, 1–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57927-2_1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter introduces the field of climate change education, noting the paradox that in spite of many efforts at incorporating climate change in education policy and curriculum frameworks, and a diversity of practices in schools, there is little evidence that such efforts are contributing to adaptation, mitigation or reversal of climate change. The chapter reviews the role of international development organizations advocating for and developing frameworks in support of climate change education. This is followed by an analysis of ongoing efforts of climate change education.The chapter argues that more effective education for climate change at the primary and secondary education levels around the world requires context specific strategies that align the specific learning outcomes with the impacts of climate change in that context. Implementing those strategies requires the development of institutional capacity in schools that is aligned to the stage of institutional development of the school. The chapter explains how a multidisciplinary framework that accounts for the cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political dimensions of the change process can support the development of collaboration and coherence in implementing those climate change education strategies. Those strategies need to also specify the particular populations that need to develop such competencies and the optimal means of delivery. The chapter also situates the literature on climate change education within the larger context of the literature on deeper learning, twenty first century skills and education system change, explaining how deeper learning in climate change education might influence attitudes and behaviors in ways that prevailing didactic approaches focused principally on the transmission of scientific knowledge do not.To develop such context specific climate change education strategies and to build the institutional capacity to implement them, the chapter makes the case for more intentional engagement of universities, in partnership with schools and non-formal education organizations. This would serve the dual role of providing support for schools in advancing climate change education, while also educating higher education students on climate change through problem based, participatory and contextually situated approaches.
2
Verstraete, Jonas, Freya Acar, Grazia Concilio e Paola Pucci. "Turning Data into Actionable Policy Insights". In The Data Shake, 73–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63693-7_6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIt is becoming clearer that data-supported input is essential in the policy making process. But at which point of the process, and in which format, can data aid policy making? And what does an organisation need to turn data into relevant insights? This paper explores the role of data from two perspectives. In the first part, data and data analysis are situated in the policy making process by mapping them onto the data supported policy making model and highlighting the different roles they can assume in each stage and step of the process. The second part discusses a practical framework for policy-oriented data activities, zooming in on the data-specific actions and the actors performing them in each data-supported step of the policy making process. We observe that a close collaboration between the policy maker and data scientist in the framework of an iterative approach permits to transform the policy question into a suited data analysis question and deliver relevant insights with the flexibility desired by decision makers. In conclusion, for data to be turned into actionable policy insights it is vital to set up structures that ensure the presence and the collaboration of policy-oriented and data-oriented competences.
3
"Evaluation of IT Governance in Middle East and North African Large Organizations". In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 92–136. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7826-0.ch003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter provides a deeper understanding of IT governance frameworks and their adoption, drawing on established information systems theories. A mixed two-stage approach using quantitative and qualitative studies is used to examine the feasibility of developing an IT governance assessment framework based on COBIT to assess IT governance in a specific context. The first step seeks to identify key COBIT best practices within organizations. A survey of 20 large organizations in the MENA region was adopted. In the second phase, a case study used to explore the factors that influence the adoption of the adapted IT governance assessment framework.
4
Khan, Umraz, Graeme Perks, Rhidian Morgan-Jones, Peter James, Colin Esler, Vince Smyth e Vanya Gant. "Specific microbiology issues relating to prosthetic joint infection". In Pathways in Prosthetic Joint Infection, 41–50. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791881.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses specific microbiology issues relating to prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and includes discussion on antibiotic prophylaxis (including elective joint replacement in the uninfected case), choice of ‘prophylaxis/treatment’ in the infected, or presumed, infected case, a suggested framework for a safe practice, antibiotic use in PJI in the age of resistance, background on rising antibiotic resistance, approach to one- and two-stage surgical management, outpatient antibiotic therapy and when to use it, monitoring/stopping rules, the particular problems of Pseudomonas and Candida in PJI, and myths and facts about what ‘immunosuppression’ actually means in practice (including MRSA), and a conclusion.
5
Muralidharan, Etayankara, e Saurav Pathak. "Home Country Institutions and International Entrepreneurship". In Handbook of Research on Approaches to Alternative Entrepreneurship Opportunities, 291–314. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1981-3.ch014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The extent of internationalization by early-stage entrepreneurial firms may depend upon home country institutional conditions. Using insights from institutional theory, this chapter suggests that national-level institutional conditions facilitate or constrain the efforts made by early-stage entrepreneurs to internationalize. Given the strong linkages between entrepreneurs and the enterprises they drive, the multi-level framework proposed in this study suggests that a strong national system of innovation and better regulatory quality, which supports early internationalization by new entrepreneurial firms. Smaller domestic markets induce such firms to explore overseas markets for their products. The framework also suggests that a strong regulatory environment positively moderates the effects of national innovation systems and domestic market size on the extent of early internationalization. While implications for the internationalization process are discussed, specific reference to the importance of policy to support internationalization by early entrepreneurial firms is made.
6
Lee, One-Ki ("Daniel"), Mo ("Winnie") Wang, Kai H. Lim e Zeyu ("Jerry") Peng. "Knowledge Management Systems Diffusion in Chinese Enterprises". In Information Resources Management, 1370–85. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-965-1.ch424.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the recognition of the importance of organizational knowledge management (KM), researchers have paid increasing attention to knowledge management systems (KMS). However, since most prior studies were conducted in the context of Western societies, we know little about KMS diffusion in other regional contexts. Moreover, even with the increasing recognition of the influence of social factors in KM practices, there is a dearth of studies that examine how unique social cultural factors affect KMS diffusion in specific countries. To fill in this gap, this study develops an integrated framework, with special consideration on the influence of social cultures, to understand KMS diffusion in Chinese enterprises. In our framework, we examine how specific technological, organizational, and social cultural factors can influence the three-stage KMS diffusion process, that is, initiation, adoption, and routinization. This study provides a holistic view of the KMS diffusion in Chinese enterprises with practical guidance for successful KMS implementation.
7
Solli-Sæther, Hans, e Petter Gottschalk. "Maturity in Outsourcing Relationships". In Managing IT Outsourcing Performance, 98–117. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-796-6.ch005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stages of growth models have been used widely in both organizational research and information technology management research. According to King and Teo (1997), these models describe a wide variety of phenomena – the organizational life cycle, product life cycle, biological growth, stages of growth in information systems, growth model for integration between business planning and information systems planning, electronic commerce evolution, stages of knowledge management technology, and a number of other interesting developments in time perspectives. These models assume that predictable patterns (conceptualized in terms of stages or levels) exist in the growth of organizations and organizational parts, the sales levels of products, and the growth of living organisms. These stages are (1) sequential in nature, (2) occur as a hierarchical progression that is not easily reversed, and (3) evolve a broad range of organizational activities and structures. This chapter starts with an introduction to stages of growth models. In the following sections we present the three-stage model for the evolution of IT outsourcing relationships (Gottschalk & Solli-Sæther, 2006). The three stages are labelled cost stage, resource stage, and partnership stage respectively. Theory-based benchmark variables for measuring maturity in IT outsourcing relationships are presented, followed by the stage hypothesis and a description of how benchmark variables are used to indicate characteristics at each stage of growth. Finally in this chapter, we present results from an exploratory study testing the stage model. The purpose of this chapter is to develop a framework for improved understanding of the current situation in an IT outsourcing relationship in terms of a specific stage, to develop strategies for moving to a higher stage in the future, and to learn from earlier stage experience.
8
Merriam, Sharan B. "Qualitative Research". In Handbook of Research on Scholarly Publishing and Research Methods, 125–40. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7409-7.ch007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter takes the reader on a step-by-step journey through the process of conducting a qualitative research study using research conducted with Traditional Healers (THs) in Malaysia and how they diagnose and treat cancer. Upwards of 80% of Malaysians consult traditional healers before seeing a medical doctor, resulting in late-stage diagnoses and thus higher mortality rates. However, prior to our research, little was known about the role of healers and their willingness to work with, rather than outside, the Western medical system. Within this context, the theoretical framework, the specific research problem and the research questions were identified. Next, the author discusses purposive sampling and data collection strategies, which included interviews, documents, and observations. She then presents a data analysis exhibit showing how they captured specific data from the interviews to address the research questions. Finally, the author discusses writing and publishing the results of the research.
9
Aligica, Paul Dragos, Peter J. Boettke e Vlad Tarko. "Introduction". In Public Governance and the Classical-Liberal Perspective, 1–14. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190267032.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The introduction sets up the stage for the rest of the book by asking a series of key questions: Does classical liberalism entail a systematic framework of principles regarding public governance? If so, what are its broad recommendations and how does this perspective differ from other, more well-known perspectives on public administration? Classical liberalism accepts a wide range of collective arrangements and activities ranging from certain types of regulation to the provision of specific public goods and even to specific welfare policies. As such, the question arises, within the range of government activities accepted as legitimate, or at least not entirely beyond the pale, what are the particular classical-liberal views on the instruments and procedures of the administration of collective affairs? What kind of doctrine of governance and public administration does classical liberalism inspire? Is it possible to reconstruct or piece together such a position using the existing literature and practice?
10
Streefkerk, Jan Willem, Myra P. van Esch-Bussemakers, Mark A. Neerincx e Rosemarijn Looije. "Evaluating Context-Aware Mobile Interfaces for Professionals". In Handbook of Research on User Interface Design and Evaluation for Mobile Technology, 759–79. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-871-0.ch045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Evaluation refines and validates design solutions in order to establish adequate user experiences. For mobile user interfaces in dynamic and critical environments, user experiences can vary enormously, setting high requirements for evaluation. This chapter presents a framework for the selection, combination, and tuning of evaluation methods. It identifies seven evaluation constraints, that is, the development stage, the complexity of the design, the purpose, participants, setting, duration, and cost of evaluation, which influence the appropriateness of the method. Using a combination of methods in different settings (such as Wizard-of-Oz, game-based, and field evaluations) a concise, complete, and coherent set of user experience data can be gathered, such as performance, situation awareness, trust, and acceptance. Applying this framework to a case study on context-aware mobile interfaces for the police resulted in specific guidelines for selecting evaluation methods and succeeded to capture the mobile context and its relation to the user experience.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
1
Carmichael, Marc G., Richardo Khonasty e Dikai Liu. "A multi-stage design framework for the development of task-specific robotic exoskeletons". In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318576.
Testo completo
2
Ameta, Gaurav, Mahesh Mani e He Huang. "A Design Framework for Bi-Level Estimation of Machining Energy for Parts and Assemblies". In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86805.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a framework and approach for the computation of machining energy for parts and assemblies, at two levels — early design stage and manufacturing stage. Energy estimation at an early design stage can be useful for redesign strategies and improving manufacturing efficiency. At the manufacturing stage, energy estimations allow for asset management based on energy efficient process planning and scheduling, thereby reducing the negative impacts of the product to the environment. To facilitate the computation of the machining energy, at an early design stage, we first automate the process of identifying the material removal volume for machining operations for a given part. We subsequently use the identified removal volume together with the material specific data to compute an energy range for manufacturing the part. For an assembly, the above computations for individual parts are aggregated to arrive at the final energy range. The proposed method allows the identification of energy intensive parts/features based on the percent contribution, thereby assisting re-design strategies. We additionally explore the application of statistical analysis and allocation principles to identify priority re-design parts. In this paper, we limit our product re-design discussions based on form (geometry and shape) and material. Future extensions will potentially also include manufacturing process optimization. Although the framework presented in this paper is currently applied only to milled parts and assemblies, it can also be extended to other machining methods.
3
Deng, Y. M., e W. F. Lu. "A Conceptual Design Synthesis Framework for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)". In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57235.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is well recognized that conceptual design is the most critical stage of product development process. Yet, existing MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) design synthesis models or methods are very restrictive in supporting MEMS conceptual design, in that they are only applicable to specific or specific types of designs, where building blocks for design synthesis have to be pre-specified by the designers. To address this problem, this paper proposes a MEMS conceptual design synthesis framework, which consists of a behavior representation that caters for the multidisciplinary MEMS design characteristics and a design synthesis strategy that is able to explore multidisciplinary phenomena for the development of MEMS initial design concepts. The behavior representation incorporates information of both physical interactions and chemical/biological/other reactions that take place during a MEMS device’s behavioral process. The design synthesis is accomplished by both forward and backward synthetic search strategies in identifying the relevant phenomena for the development of the desired behavioral processes. The framework can be used to develop both the physical structure of a MEMS device and the substances that are necessary for the chemical/biological/other reactions. A software prototype implementing the proposed framework is also presented, followed by a MEMS design case study.
4
Hosangadi, Ashvin, Vineet Ahuja e Ronald J. Ungewitter. "Generalized Numerical Framework for Cavitation in Inducers". In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45408.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we present a capability to predict pump performance in cavitating flow regimes. Simulations of cavitating flowfields in a single-stage inducer type pump have been carried out. The pump used in this paper is the Simplex inducer geometry that has been extensively tested at NASA Marshall. We follow our turbomachinery simulations up with an extension of our cavitation model to cryogenic flow regimes, where temperature effects begin to play a significant role. Our framework encompasses an acoustically accurate, compressible multiphase model that has been previously validated. The model is implemented within a multi-element unstructured framework that permits efficient grids with locally high resolution near the cavitating zones and in the tip gap region. The pump simulations were performed at a fixed flow rate with different Net Suction Specific Speeds (NSS). The computational analysis indicates a strong correlation between performance loss and the extent of cavitation blockage, and accurately identifies the critical NSS number where breakdown occurs. Predictions of head loss compare well with experimental data. The cryogenic simulations were performed with liquid nitrogen flowing over a cylindrical headform. These simulations capture the essential features of cryogenic cavities such as saturation pressure depression close to the leading edge, and frothy nature of cavitating zones.
5
Trachet, Bram, Marjolijn Renard, Gianluca De Santis, Steven Staelens, Julie De Backer, Luca Antiga, Bart Loeys e Patrick Segers. "A Quantitative Comparison Between Baseline Hemodynamics and End-Stage Aneurysm Formation in ApoE −/− Mice". In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53452.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation still remains debated. Hemodynamics have been suggested to play a (modulating) role, but no follow-up studies have been performed due to (a.o.) a lack of human data before disease initiation. We therefore used an established mouse model of AAA [1] to study whether AAA develops at locations experiencing disturbed flow. We set up a framework to obtain mouse-specific Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the mouse abdominal aorta, combining: (i) an in vivo assessed geometric model [2] and (ii) in vivo measured boundary conditions. A distance map was generated to link baseline and end-stage aortic morphologies after AAA development, and the relationship between baseline hemodynamics and end-stage dilatation was quantified.
6
Messer, Matthias, Ju¨rgen Grotepaß, Ulrich K. Frenzel e Jitesh H. Panchal. "Towards a Function-Based Collective Innovation Framework". In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86792.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, we present a work-in-progress web-based framework to enable collective innovation via a combination of top-down structural and bottom-up self-organized processes in global enterprises. Problem: In current organizations, expertise is usually locked in discipline-specific project teams or departments based on existing product portfolios which restricts collective innovation through distributed networks of peers translating into increased innovation. Innovation projects are managed in stage gate processes using tools (such as proprietary project workspaces or product data management) that limit access to solutions on various levels of maturity/abstraction throughout the enterprise. Approach: Our approach to facilitate collective innovation in the early stages of product development involves identification and implementation of the following collective innovation mechanisms a) collective concept creation, b) collective concept selection, and c) collective information management. These innovation mechanisms are being instantiated in a web-enabled COllective INnovation (COIN) framework to synthesize collaborative bottom-up and structured top-down approaches fostering innovation. The COIN framework is thus based on self-organized collective innovation as well as function-based systematic conceptual design approaches thereby embodying both collaborative bottom-up and structured top-down structured aspects. From the proposed approach to collective innovation through innovation mechanisms and web enabled tools for implementing collaborative bottom-up and structured top-down structured aspects, global enterprises can benefit from the COIN-framework in fostering synergetic R&D-collaborations, know-how transfer and technology scouting during the early stages of product development. The value to global enterprises can further be significantly increased through application-tailored subspaces consisting of a collection of entities, loosely related by user-defined information links (e.g., tags), as exemplified for a sealing subspace and corkscrew design example in this paper.
7
Iacob, Robert, Peter Mitrouchev e Jean-Claude Le´on. "A Simulation Framework for Assembly/Disassembly Process Modeling". In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34804.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Simulations of Assembly/Disassembly (A/D) processes covers a large range of objectives, i.e. A/D sequencing, path finding, ergonomic analysis …, where the 3D shape description of the component plays a key role. In addition, the A/D simulations can be performed either from an automated or interactive point of view using standard computer equipment or through immersive and real-time simulation schemes. In order to address this diversity of configurations, this paper presents a simulation framework for A/D analysis based on a new simulation preparation process which allows a simulation process to address up to two types of shape representations, i.e. B-Rep NURBS and polyhedral ones, at the same time, thus handling efficiently the configurations where 3D shape representations of assemblies play a key role. In order to illustrate the simulation preparation process some specific steps are addressed. To this end, the automatic identification of contacts in a 3D product model and their corresponding list is described. After this first stage of identification, an interpretation of the results is needed in order to have the complete list with the mechanical contacts for a product. During the preparation process, three major stages of the framework are detailed: model tessellation, surface merging and contacts identification. Our framework is based on STEP exchange format. The contacts are related to basic geometrical surfaces like: planes, cylinders, cones, spheres. Some examples are provided in order to illustrate the contributions of the proposed framework. This software environment can assist designers to achieve a satisfactory assembly analysis rapidly and can reduce the lead-time of product development. Further consequences of the present work is its ability to produce models and treatments that improve integration of assembly models in immersive environments taking into account of the haptic and visual models needed.
8
Guan, Ziyu, Fei Xie, Wanqing Zhao, Xiaopeng Wang, Long Chen, Wei Zhao e Jinye Peng. "Tag-based Weakly-supervised Hashing for Image Retrieval". In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/525.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We are concerned with using user-tagged images to learn proper hashing functions for image retrieval. The benefits are two-fold: (1) we could obtain abundant training data for deep hashing models; (2) tagging data possesses richer semantic information which could help better characterize similarity relationships between images. However, tagging data suffers from noises, vagueness and incompleteness. Different from previous unsupervised or supervised hashing learning, we propose a novel weakly-supervised deep hashing framework which consists of two stages: weakly-supervised pre-training and supervised fine-tuning. The second stage is as usual. In the first stage, rather than performing supervision on tags, the framework introduces a semantic embedding vector (sem-vector) for each image and performs learning of hashing and sem-vectors jointly. By carefully designing the optimization problem, it can well leverage tagging information and image content for hashing learning. The framework is general and does not depend on specific deep hashing methods. Empirical results on real world datasets show that when it is integrated with state-of-art deep hashing methods, the performance increases by 8-10%.
9
Lee, Jinwook, Choon S. Tan, Borislav T. Sirakov, Chris Wilkins, Hong-Sik Im, Martin Babak e Denis Tisserant. "Performance Characterization of Twin Scroll Turbine Stage for Vehicular Turbocharger Under Unsteady Pulsating Flow Environment". In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Unsteady three-dimensional computations have been implemented on a turbocharger twin-scroll turbine system (volute-turbine wheel-diffuser). The flow unsteadiness in a turbocharger turbine system is essentially driven by a highly pulsating flow from the upstream combustor which causes a pulsating stagnation pressure boundary condition at the inlet to the turbine system. Computed results have been post-processed and interrogated in depth in order to infer the significance of the induced flow unsteadiness on performance. The induced flow unsteadiness could be deemed important since the reduced frequency of the turbine system (based on the time scale of the inlet flow fluctuation and the flow through time) is higher than unity. Thus, the computed time-accurate pressure field and the loss generation process have been assessed to establish the causal link to the induced flow unsteadiness in the turbine system. To do this consistently both for the individual subcomponents and the system, a framework of characterizing the operation of the turbine system linked to the fluctuating inlet stagnation pressure is proposed. The framework effectively categorizes the operation of the unsteady turbine system in both spatial and temporal dimension; such a framework would facilitate determining whether the loss generation process in a subcomponent can be approximated as unsteady (e.g. volute) or as locally quasi-steady (e.g. turbine wheel) in response to the unsteady inlet pulsation in the inlet-to-outlet stagnation pressure ratios of the two inlets. The notion that a specific subcomponent can be approximated as locally quasi-steady while the entire turbine system in itself is unsteady is of interest as it suggests a strategy for an appropriate flow modeling and scaling as well as for the turbine system performance improvement. Also, computed results are used to determine situations where the flow effects in a specific subcomponent can be approximated as quasi-one-dimensional; thus for instance the flow mechanisms in the volute can reasonably be approximated on an unsteady one-dimensional basis. For a turbine stage with sudden-expansion type diffuser, the framework for integrating sub-component models into a turbine system is formulated. The effectiveness and generality of the proposed framework is demonstrated by applying it to three distinctly different turbocharger operating conditions. The estimated power from the integrated turbine system model is in good agreement with the full unsteady CFD results for all three situations. The formulated framework will be generally applicable for assessing the new design configurations as long as the corresponding high fidelity steady CFD results are utilized to determine the quasi-steady (or acoustically compact) behavior of each new sub-component.
10
Saha, Bidyut B., Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy, Anutosh Chakraborty, Shigeru Koyama e Kim Choon Ng. "Study on Single- and Multi-Stage Adsorption Cooling Cycles Working at Sub and Above Atmospheric Conditions". In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68616.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study deals with the performance analysis of single- and multi-stage adsorption cooling cycles working at partial vacuum and pressurized conditions for cooling applications. Four adsorbent-refrigerant pairs namely activated carbon fiber-ethanol, silica gel-water, Maxsorb II-R134a and Fluka-R134a pairs have been investigated. The former two pairs are deemed to be suitable for adsorption cycles working at pressures ranging from 1 to 11 kPa while the latter two are suitable for those working at above atmospheric pressure conditions typically between about 0.3 and 0.8 MPa. Invoking the adsorption isotherms of the assorted pairs, the pressure-temperature-concentration (P-T-W) diagrams have been presented. Pertaining a thermodynamic framework, the performance of both single- and multi-stage cycles in terms of specific cooling effect (SCE) and coefficient of performance (COP) has also been studied. Theoretical results show that the former two pairs i.e., the adsorption cycles working at partial vacuum pressures are suitable for surface cooling while latter two are suitable for micro cooling applications. Moreover, the multi-stage adsorption cycles can be operational at a heat source temperature below about 55°C, a region that could not be reached by any conventional adsorption cycle.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Stage-specific framework"
1
Bagley, Margo. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
2
Kuiken, Todd, e Jennifer Kuzma. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003410.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.