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1

Mayzlish, Anna. "“Stadhouders”, “Ruwaards”, and “Mambours”… The Terms Related to the System of Administration in the Medieval Principalities of the Low Countries and the Difficulties of Their Translation". ISTORIYA 13, n. 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023061-6.

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Thenecessity to transferthepowers of the prince to some other person was a common situation in the history of the principalities of the Low Countries in the 14th–15th centuries. Thearticledealswithsomecasesofapplicationofthreedifferentwords (“stadhouder”, “ruwaard”, “mambour”) thatwereusedtonamesuchreplacements of the ruler. “Stadhouder” seems to be the most relevant in meaning to Russian word “namestnik” (“governor”) as well as to French “lieutenant”. “Stadhouder” was usually applied to the officer who received the power to govern the principality from the prince during his absencein the 14th — 15th centuries. As the number of principalities which the dukes of Burgundy joined to their possessions grew continuously, they began to transfer the government in some of these lands to “stadhouders” (governors) for longer time. “Ruwaard” and “mambour” arecloserintheirmeaningstotheword “regent” or “protector”. They usually were appointed or elected when the prince was not able to rule himself or do some part of the duties as a ruler (forexample,becauseofhisillness, ageorsome restrictions for the clergymen). In some cases, the prince was changed to the “ruwaard” or “mambour” by the people because he had violated the privileges and customs of the land. Suchsituationsmostlyhappenedduringthelarge-scale revoltsin Flanders, Brabant and the Prince-bishopric of Liège. Theappointmentof “ruwaards” / “mambours” was also used during the struggle for power, for example, in time of a long conflict over the Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut between Jacoba of Bavaria and her relatives. But “mambour” seems to have a bit different meaning in Luxembourg where this word was used to name a govern or who did not have the full authority, thoughusually his powers was transferred to him with the content of the duke (or duchess). This research shows that in some cases there are differences in meaning of the terms “stadhouder”, “ruwaard” and “mambour”. That is why it is better to use the transcription of these words with the explanation of their meaning or to use the most relevant words in Russian like “namestnik” (governor) or regent together with the indication of original terms.
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2

DE CARVALHO-ROOS, Trudie Rosa. "Hoe houdt de stadhouder hof?" Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 116, n. 3-4 (2003): 121–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501703x00297.

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AbstractIn 1808, the Dutch King Lodewijk Napoleon decided upon a major dismantling of the former quarters of the stadtholders at the Binnenhof in The Hague, which he had used as a royal residential palace since 1806. That dismantling resulted in a total clearance of the original 18th-century interiors in Rococo and Neo-classical styles, inclusive of all painted decorations. The records of this operation proved vital for the reconstruction of the interiors of these quarters as they had existed during second half of the 18th century, when stadtholders Willem IV and v had their residence there. Not only did it turn out to be possible to reconstruct the former situation on paper, but also the majority of the then removed paintings could be retraced. Among the refound works are paintings by Dirk van der Aa (1731-1809), Jean Humbert (1734-1794.), Johann Heinrich Keller (1692-1765), Willem Ket (1756-1795), Jean Teissier (1750-1821), Aert Schouman (1710-1792.) and Hendrik Willem Schweickhardt (1746-1799). Also, two chimney-pieces, by Adriaen Hanneman (1601-1671) and Jan Lievens (1607-1674), had been taken down. These are now located in the assembly room of the First Chamber of the States General. For each individual room of the complex, this article provides an insight in the history of its decoration during the period 1747 to 1808, while at the same time the reader is informed about the stadtholders' and their families' lives and tastes in the course of their residence in the apartments at the Binnenhof.
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3

Prak, Maarten. "Willem Lodewijk van Nassau-Dillenburg. Stadhouder, militair en ‘family man’". Virtus | Journal of Nobility Studies 28 (31 dicembre 2021): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/virtus.28.144-147.

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4

Koopmans, Joop W. "Het afgebroken leven van stadhouder Friso". Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 134, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2021): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvg2021.4.014.koop.

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Te Brake, Wayne P. "Violence in the Dutch Patriot Revolution". Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015073.

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In the small provincial cities of the eastern Netherlands, the annual election of magistrates and town councilors was perhaps the most important public ritualof the year under the old regime. The elaborate and often solemn ceremony symbolized ancient chartered liberties—even when results of the co-optative elections were a foregone conclusion—and thus served to reinforce the community's sense of corporate identity. In 1786, however, in the midst of astruggle for control of the city, the annual Petrikeur in Deventer got out of hand. The day started out normally enough with the traditional worship service in the Grote Kerk, but after the black-robed members of the town council had passed in procession across the square to the stadhuis, a group of dissident councilors, who called themselves Patriots and were implacably opposed to the influence of the stadhouder in municipal politics, attacked aportrait of Prince William III of Orange, the stadhouder who in 1675 first insinuated himself into the electoral process.
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6

Price, J. L. "Stadhouder-koning Willem III: Een politieke biografie". English Historical Review 118, n. 475 (1 febbraio 2003): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.475.225.

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7

Meij, C. Otto van der. "W. Troost, Stadhouder-koning Willem III. Een politieke biografie". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 119, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2004): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.5984.

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8

Janssen, Geert H. "Patronage en corruptie. Publieke en private rollen van een stadhouder in de Republiek". Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis/ The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 2, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2005): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/tseg.767.

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Geraerts, Jaap. "Coen Wilders, Patronage in de Provincie. Het Utrechtse netwerk van stadhouder Willem III". Dutch Crossing 40, n. 3 (settembre 2016): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2016.1232802.

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10

Postma, F. "De mislukte missie van mr. Maarten van Naarden als luitenant-stadhouder van Stad en Lande 1541-1557". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 120, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6143.

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11

Postma, F. R. "J. Sevenster, De stenen man. Caspar de Robles, stadhouder van Friesland, Groningen en Ommelanden van 1572-1579". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 102, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1987): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.2827.

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12

Royen, P. C. van. "N. Habermehl, Joan Cornelis van der Hoop (1742-1825). Marinebestuurder voor stadhouder Willem V en koning Willem I". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 117, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2002): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.5741.

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13

Enthoven, Victor. "Book Review: Joan Cornelis van der Hoop (1742–1825): Marinebestuurder voor stadhouder Willem V en koning Willem I". International Journal of Maritime History 13, n. 1 (giugno 2001): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140101300186.

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14

Vlaardingerbroek, Pieter. "De stadhouder, zijn secretaris en de architectuur Jacob van Campen als ontwerper van het Huygenshuis en de hofarchitectuur onder Frederik Hendrik". Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 51, n. 1 (2000): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22145966-90000659.

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15

Koopmans, J. W. "Franken, M. A. M., Dienaar van Oranje. Andries Schimmelpenninck van der Oije 1705-1776. Een politieke en bestuurlijke levensbeschrijving van een Gelderse Luitenant-stadhouder". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 118, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2003): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.5902.

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16

Til, Frida van. "‘Archimedes in kundigheit, Ulisses in beleit, Achilles in dapperheit’. Het Album Amicorum van Klaas Willem Kiers (c. 1722/1759), ingenieur-modellist van stadhouder Willem IV". Studium 6, n. 2 (5 ottobre 2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/studium.9193.

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17

Bruggeman, Marijke. "Ada Peele, Een uitzonderlijke erfgenaam. De verdeling van de nalatenschap van Koning-Stadhouder Willem III en een consequentie daarvan. Pruisisch heerlijk gezag in Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, 1702-1755". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 130, n. 1 (23 marzo 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.9917.

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18

Bruin, G. de. "A. Romeijn, ...alles ten meesten oirboir van de stad. De stadsregering van Tholen (1577-1702). Bestuur en bestuurders van de stad Tholen vanaf de Satisfactieovereenkomst met prins Willem van Oranje in 1577 tot de dood van koning-stadhouder Willem III in 1702". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 118, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2003): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.5898.

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19

Chenoll, Empar, M. Carmen Macián e Rosa Aznar. "Lactobacillus rennini sp. nov., isolated from rennin and associated with cheese spoilage". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2006): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64021-0.

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Two bacterial strains, DSM 20253T and DSM 20254, isolated from rennin and regarded as causing cheese spoilage, were deposited in the DSMZ as Lactobacillus sp. by J. Stadhouders. The strains show 99·9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and have less than 94·3 % similarity with any other species of the genus. Lactobacillus coryniformis is their closest phylogenetic neighbour. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that the two strains are members of the same species with separate status within the genus Lactobacillus. The strains are homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and can be phenotypically and genotypically distinguished from their closest relatives. 16S rRNA gene-targeted specific primers were designed to enable PCR detection of the novel species. The name Lactobacillus rennini sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates, with strain CECT 5922T (=DSM 20253T) as the type strain.
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20

Tromp, Heimerick. "Hoveniers in hoogtijdagen. Tuinmannen (en -vrouwen) in dienst van de stadhouders in de zeventiende en begin achttiende eeuw". Virtus | Journal of Nobility Studies 28 (31 dicembre 2021): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/virtus.28.161-164.

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21

Tamse, C. A. "A.P. Nienes, M. Bruggeman, H.J. de Muij-Fleurke, Archieven van de Friese stadhouders. Inventarissen van de archieven van de Friese stadhouders van Willem Lodewijk tot en met Willem V, 1584-1795S. Groenveld, J.J. Huizinga, Y.B. Kuiper, Nassau uit de schaduw van Oranje". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 119, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2004): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6101.

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22

de Haan, Jaap. "Een sterke vrouw in de Nederlandse geschiedenis - Edwin van Meerkerk, Willem V en Wilhelmina van Pruisen. De laatste stadhouders (Atlas; Amsterdam 2009) 240p., ill., €19,95 ISBN 9789045001531". Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 123, n. 1 (1 marzo 2010): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2010.1.b16.

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23

Thein, Swee Lay, Helen Rooks, Emma Drasar, Akshala Gnanakulasekaran, Nicholas Silver, Tim D. Spector, Mark Lathrop e Stephan Menzel. "Haplotype Signatures At HBS1L-MYB In Global Populations". Blood 122, n. 21 (15 novembre 2013): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3672.3672.

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Abstract Common genetic variation has been found to significantly affect quantitative biological traits of red blood cells. One such locus in the intergenic region between HBS1L and MYB genes on chromosome 6q (HMIP-2), occupies upstream regulatory sequences for MYB1, which is a key erythroid transcription factor. HMIP-2 variation affects a series of erythroid traits2, with especially pronounced effects on variable persistence of fetal hemoglobin3. In studying a large European population sample and an African-descended cohort of patients with sickle cell anemia (Hb SS), we found that both population groups share a set of two spatially separate alleles (HMIP-2 alleles ‘A’ and ‘B’) that increase HbF levels, but that these typically occur in tandem (‘A - B’) on European chromosomes, while they exist on separate chromosomes (either ‘A’ or ‘B’) in African populations. Surprisingly, ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘A - B’ chromosomes exert similar effects on HbF persistence, suggesting a negative genetic interaction of these alleles when in cis configuration. We extended our investigation to public data from the 1000Genomes4 and Human Genome Diversity5 projects, using characteristic haplotype signatures for ‘A’ and ‘B’ to investigate the prevalence of these alleles in global populations, without the need for phenotype data. HMIP-2 variants exist in four characteristic principal haplotypes around the world: a haplotype clade without HbF-increasing variants (‘ancestral clade’), one clade each carrying only ‘A’ or ‘B’ (typical for African populations) and a fourth clade carrying both high-HbF alleles (‘A - B’). The latter was characteristic for all non-African populations studied and therefore termed the ‘Eurasian clade’. This clade is likely to have arisen in East Africa and to have been carried with the original migration of modern humans out of Africa. ‘A’ and ‘B’ alleles in either form are infrequent in malaria-endemic regions and might have unfavourable effects on malaria-protective genetic factors such as the sickle mutation. Phenotypic effects leading to the positive selection of these alleles in other populations might be related to their influence on general erythroid traits and on the kinetics of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. 1. Stadhouders, R. et al. Dynamic long-range chromatin interactions control Myb proto-oncogene transcription during erythroid development. Embo J31, 986-99 (2012). 2. Menzel, S. et al. The HBS1L-MYB intergenic region on chromosome 6q23.3 influences erythrocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts in humans. Blood110, 3624-6 (2007). 3. Thein, S.L. et al. Intergenic variants of HBS1L-MYB are responsible for a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 6q23 influencing fetal hemoglobin levels in adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A104, 11346–11351 (2007). 4. Abecasis, G.R. et al. A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing. Nature467, 1061-73 (2010). 5. Li, J.Z. et al. Worldwide human relationships inferred from genome-wide patterns of variation. Science319, 1100-4 (2008). Disclosures: Thein: Sangart: Consultancy; Shire: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau.
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Baraitser, Michael, e Ian H. Porter. "Research into the origin and treatment of muscular dystrophy. Proceedings of a workshop held at „De Hooge Vuursche”, Baarn, Holland. L.P. ten Kate, P.L. Pearson, and A.M. Stadhouders, editors. Current Clinical Practice Series 20. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam, 1984". American Journal of Medical Genetics 24, n. 2 (giugno 1986): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320240222.

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Gardner, Kate, Tony Fulford, Helen Rooks, Nick Silver, Jo Howard, Moji Awogbade, Sara Stuart-Smith, Tullie Yeghen, Stephan Menzel e Swee Lay Thein. "A Genetic Predictive Model for HbF in Sickle Cell Disease". Blood 128, n. 22 (2 dicembre 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.319.319.

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Abstract Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is strongly associated with clinical severity in the β-hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease (SCD). In recent years, the three major HbF genetic loci (at BCL11A on chromosome 2p, HMIP-2 on chromosome 6q and Xmn1-HBG on chromosome 11p) have been more clearly characterized and mechanisms of the likely causal variants better defined. In this study, we have combined this new biological understanding with statistical methods to create a genetic "predictor" for HbF in SCD. We chose 7 variants to represent the 3 HbF quantitative trait loci (QTL) to investigate their utility in predicting HbF levels, and, in turn, clinical severity of SCD. For BCL11A, we used 2 markers: rs1427407 (62kb downstream of BCL11A) localizes to an erythroid-specific enhancer (Bauer et al. Science 2013) and rs6545816 tags a second signal 58kb downstream of BCL11A. The genetic architecture of HMIP-2 as a QTL comprises two elements, A and B (Menzel et al. Ann Hum Genet 2014). We have represented HMIP-2A withthe 3bp deletion rs66650371, shown as a causal variant (Stadhouders et al. JCI 2014) plus the ethnicity marker rs9376090. HMIP-2B is less well-characterized, we selected: rs9494142 (near the MYB enhancer) and rs9494145. For the β-globin locus, we used the long-established Xmn1 marker (rs7482144) in the proximal promoter 158kb upstream of HBG2. This is likely not the variant itself, but in tight linkage disequilibrium with the causal element. Of 892 initial patients (516 females, 376 males), we excluded 17 children aged under 5 because of the non-linear relationship between age and HbF at a young age (we confirmed this finding in our cohort). This left: 658 with HbSS, 206 with HbSC, 8 with HbSβ0 thalassemia, and 20 with HbSβ+ thalassemia. We then genotyped 666 patients with HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassemia for the 7 genetic variants. For each patient, we selected 'validated' HbF levels i.e. HbF not influenced by transfusion, drugs (especially hydroxyurea) or pregnancy. HbF levels were log-transformed (Ln). We then used multiple linear regression models to identify variants which were independently associated with Ln-HbF levels. Using only age and sex as covariates revealed predictive power r2~10% which was orthogonal to (i.e. additive) the predictive power of the variants, and so we did not include them in subsequent analysis. Also, by adding α-globin status to the model where known (N=272), the r2 remained unchanged and is not significant for α-globin status. We then normalized the 7 variants to take account of the mean allele count (a strongly predictive but rare variant may not explain much of the total population variance). We performed multiple linear regression to rationalize the 7 variants, and found 4 markers (rs6545816, rs1427407, rs66650371 and rs7482144) independently contributing HbF-boosting alleles (see table). Combining these 4 variants into a genetic risk model, as per the table, allows us to predict 21.8% of variability (r2) of HbF in our HbSS / HbSβ0 thalassemia patients. We validated the 4-variant risk score first with a 5-fold cross-validation within the cohort which demonstrated a mean r2=22% for the 5 folds. We then replicated the findings in the cohort of HbSC patients (N=206) and found the 4-variant model to predict HbF with variability r2=27.5% (i.e. towards r2=44% seen in non-anemic individuals). Thus, our 4-variant model provides a robust approach to genetic prediction of HbF in SCD. The predictive power appears to be larger for HbSC compared to HbSS (r2=27.5% vs 21.8%) which may be related to stress erythropoiesis in HbSS patients releasing immature erythrocytes as a non-genetic factor modifying HbF levels. This process is a first step towards creating a global genetic predictive score in SCD: stratifying patients with SCD early in life would enable us to offer curative therapy (i.e. hematopoietic stem cell transplant) to those identified as genetically severe. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Morrison, Tasha, Ibi Wilcox, Hong Yuan Luo, Martin H. Steinberg e David H. K. Chui. "Characterization of a Transcript Found within the HBS1L-MYB Intergenic Region". Blood 124, n. 21 (6 dicembre 2014): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2684.2684.

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Abstract Fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) is the main hemoglobin in the fetus, but its levels decline after birth to <1% in adults. However, there are individuals who continue to have high levels of HbF well into adulthood. High HbF in sickle cell anemia is often associated with milder disease hence the effort to understand more about its regulation for possible therapeutic gain. Some of the variation in HbF among patients with sickle cell anemia can be accounted for by differences in three major HbF quantitative trait loci (QTL) that were found in genome-wide association studies to be associated with high HbF. However, depending on the population studied, these QTLs only account for up to 10-50% of HbF variance. Therefore, determining other factors for high HbF levels is critical in understanding the regulation of HbF expression and finding other possible therapeutic targets to induce HbF production in patients with hemoglobinopathies. Previously, we found that HbF variability is associated with a 3-bp deletion within the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region (Farrell et al, Blood 2011) and this work has been recently confirmed (Stadhouders et al, JCI, 2014). This deletion was found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the QTL HMIP, the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region on chr6q23. Functional analyses of the region around the 3-bp deletion using ChIP assay in K562 cells, which are heterozygous for the 3-bp deletion, found that four transcription factors that are involved in erythroid cell differentiation—GATA-2, TAL1, E47 and RUNX1—all bind in the region of the 3-bp deletion. ENCODE datasets show that RNA polymerase II and a 50 bp RNA transcript are found in this same area. Based on these observations, we set out to determine the extent of the 50-bp transcript found by ENCODE. Using cDNA from K562 cells and the 50-bp transcript as a guide, we were able to amplify by PCR a fragment greater than 1 kb, which includes the 3-bp deletion and the binding sites for the erythroid-specific transcription factors mentioned above. Sequencing of this PCR product confirmed that the transcript is transcribed from the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region. Next, 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) reactions were done to determine the full length of this transcript. Sequencing results of the RACE products show that the 3'-end of the transcript is more than 100 bp downstream from what was originally found by PCR. Results for the 5'-end are pending. By knowing the sequence of this transcript, we were able to make multiple transcript-specific primers and use them in qPCR to determine if expression of this transcript changes with induction of hemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells. Preliminary data show after the induction of HBG2 expression with butyrate, various areas of this novel transcript increased as well. Because globin synthesis in K562 cells is fixed at the fetal stage of development we also looked for expression of this transcript in iPSC-derived erythroid progenitor cells from a disease-free individual and an individual with sickle cell anemia on day 25 of differentiation, and in CD34+ cord blood-derived erythroid cells on days 7 and 14 of differentiation. qPCR showed that in these primary erythroid cells the transcript is expressed at similar levels as in K562 cells. This novel transcript within the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region seems to increase with hemoglobin induction in K562 cells, and is also found in other primary erythroid cells derived from iPSCs and CD34+ cells. This transcript is a candidate for being a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNAs are transcripts of 200 nucleotides or greater that can be transcribed from any region of the genome. They have been shown to be involved in gene regulation and various biological processes including hematopoiesis. HMIP has a primary effect on hematopoiesis. As this fragment is transcribed from a region known to be associated with HbF variability, it will be of interest to determine its role in HbF expression. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Raeymaekers, Dries. "Coen Wilders, Patronage in de provincie. Het Utrechtse netwerk van stadhouder Willem III". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 130, n. 4 (11 dicembre 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.10152.

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De Kesel, Marc. "Stadhouden". De Uil van Minerva 35, n. 3 (27 marzo 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/deuilvanminerva.84684.

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Stenvert, Ronald. "Sporen van stadhouders". Bulletin KNOB, 9 dicembre 2022, 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48003/knob.121.2022.4.768.

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In anticipation of the current major restoration of the Binnenhof, the home of the Dutch parliament, building historians conducted research into this historically important complex of buildings in The Hague. This article focuses on the western part of the complex and the role played there by the stadholder and the States of Holland. In the northwest corner of the Binnenhof, an L-shaped Knights’ House arose in the middle of the fourteenth century with a residence for the stadholder on the first floor while the ground floor was used by the States of Holland. In 1585 Prince Maurits took up residence in this part of the Binnenhof and to underline his status had a tower built on the northwest corner (completed 1604). Later he had his accommodation expanded (1620-1621). His successor Frederik Hendrik further expanded the accommodation with an extruded corner containing private quarters for his son William’s wife (Mary Stuart). With the death of William II in 1650, the first stadholderless period (1650-1672) began. The States of Holland seized on this opportunity to reinforce their claim to the buildings by demolishing part of the recent expansion on the Hofvijver side and building a prominent new meeting place. As a consequence of the war with the French in 1672, William III became stadholder and to compensate for the lost space he commissioned an expansion of the complex on the south side (1677-1678). After the death of his wife Mary II Stuart, he had a stately house built for his favourite, the 1st Earl of Albemarle, on the south edge of the Prinsentuin in circa 1695. William’s death in 1702 ushered in the second stadholderless period until the threat of war in 1747 led to the appointment of William IV as stadholder. At this point the accommodation at the Binnenhof was deemed to be too small for the court and plans for a new palace were drawn up. What his father had been unable to achieve, William V accomplished. Existing buildings in the southwest corner made way for new stadholder quarters, but not until the States of Holland had built a new Comptoir-Generaal (money office) a little further away in 1777. In 1779 work on new quarters commenced. They consisted of a representative section in the Binnenhof, an apartment for the stadholder with an entrance on the Buitenhof and a service wing – the Cingelhuis – on the south side. The latter replaced the service wing of the Court of Albemarle. The new accommodation was finished by 1792, but just three years later William V was forced into exile, after which the newly formed Batavian Republic turned the ballroom into a meeting room, which served as the chamber of the House of Representatives from 1814 to 1992. The chamber of the States of Holland has been in use by the Senate since 1849.
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Bruggeman, Marijke. "S. Craft-Giepmans, Stadhouders in beeld. Beeldvorming van de stadhouders van Oranje-Nassau in contemporaine grafiek 1570-1700". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 124, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6946.

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Geevers, Liesbeth. "Hanno Brand en Joop W. Koopmans (reds.), Willem Lodewijk: stadhouder en strateeg (1560-1620-2020); Guido von Büren, Ralf-Peter Fuchs en Georg Mölich (reds.), Herrschaft, Hof und Humanismus. Wilhelm V. von Jülich-Kleve-Berg und seine Zeit". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 136 (25 novembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.11130.

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