Articoli di riviste: "Stability of ships"

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Woo, Donghan, Hun Choe e Nam-Kyun Im. "Analysis of the Relationship between GM and IMO Intact Stability Parameters to Propose Simple Evaluation Methodology". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n. 7 (2 luglio 2021): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070735.

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Securing a ship’s safe stability is essential. Thus, monitoring the stability parameters of the IMO requirements is required to provide an alert about the risk of the safety of ships’ stability to the captain, officers, and the crew of a ship. However, calculating all ships’ intact stability parameters is complex without ship loading software or equipment. To evaluate ships’ intact stability parameters, a convenient methodology to simply calculate them is necessary as a supplementary method for ships in the absence of loading software or equipment. In the present study, the Simple Evaluation Methodology for Intact Stability (SEMIS) is proposed. SEMIS is introduced for simply evaluating the safety of ships’ stability according to GM. Based on the stability parameters of 336 loading conditions of 19 model ships, empirical formulas of SEMIS are derived. To verify the proposed methodology, the stability parameters of two model ships in 28 loading conditions are calculated using the proposed empirical formulas and the principal calculation methods, respectively, and then compared. The developed SEMIS efficiently evaluates the ships’ stability using only GM.

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Han, J., e M. Murai. "A parametric study on the initial transverse stability of suspension ships". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1294, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1294/1/012021.

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Abstract Suspension ships are a novel type of ships that utilize a suspension system as an integral part of their structure. One critical aspect of a suspension ship is its stability characteristics. The parameters that affect the initial transverse stability of these ships include the ship’s mass ratio, loaded height of suspension, placement location height of suspension, and beam. It is found that designing a suspension ship in monohull configuration is more difficult than in a catamaran configuration. Special attention is required when the static mass ratio is below 2 for both monohulls and catamarans.

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Zou, Yin Cai, e Wei Gang Zheng. "The Structure Design of Parent-Subsidiary Wind Sailing Boat and the Matching Research of Power Plant". Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (aprile 2014): 1032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1032.

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Wind sailing boat fades out maritime transport industry gradually, because of its existence decreases the ship stability, and threatens mariners and ships security vastly. Project group has worked out high stability and security ship through researching literature and emulation-technique. Through the design of a parent ship and a sub-shipa set of wind sailing system and a water supply and drainage system, and the modeling calculation and analysis about the thrust of the fixed pitch propeller matching with the sailing, we can conclude that the added sub-ships can enhance ships stability in constant speed sailing situation. So it can improve thrust and reduce fuel consumption through increasing the scale of wind sailing.

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Lee, Dongkeun, Chaeog Lim, Sang-jin Oh, Minjoon Kim, Jun Soo Park e Sung-chul Shin. "Predictive Model for Hydrostatic Curves of Chine-Type Small Ships Based on Deep Learning". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2024): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010180.

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Capsizing accidents are regarded as marine accidents with a high rate of casualties per accident. Approximately 89% of all such accidents involve small ships (vessels with gross tonnage of less than 10 tons). Stability calculations are critical for assessing the risk of capsizing incidents and evaluating a ship’s seaworthiness. Despite the high frequency of capsizing accidents involving them, small ships are generally exempt from adhering to stability regulations, thus remaining systemically exposed to the risk of capsizing. Moreover, the absence of essential design documents complicates direct ship stability calculations. This study utilizes hull form feature data—obtained from the general arrangement of small ships—as input for a deep learning model. The model is structured as a multilayer neural network and aims to infer hydrostatic curves, which are required data for stability calculations.

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Woo, Donghan, e Nam-Kyun Im. "A Methodology for Simply Evaluating the Safety of a Passenger Ship Stability Using the Index for the Intact Stability Appraisal Module". Sensors 22, n. 5 (2 marzo 2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051938.

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To evaluate the safety of passenger ships’ stability, ten stability parameters should be calculated. However, since the process for calculating all stability parameters is complex without a ship loading program, a convenient methodology to simply calculate them and evaluate the safety condition of a passenger ship is required to alert the hazard to a captain, officer, and crew. The Index for Passenger Ship Intact Stability Appraisal Module (IPSAM) is proposed herein. According to the value of a passenger ship’s metacentric height (GM) which could be calculated by the ship’s roll period measured by sensors in real-time, IPSAM simply calculates nine intact stability parameters except for AnglemaxGZ and proposes the present stability status as a Single Intact Stability Index (SISI). It helps crews easily recognize the safety of passenger ships’ stability as a decision support system in real-time. Based on the intact stability parameters of 331 loading conditions of 11 passenger ships, empirical formulas for IPSAM were derived. To verify the empirical formulas of IPSAM, the stability parameters of a passenger ship in 20 loading conditions were calculated using proposed empirical formulas and the principal calculation methods respectively, then compared. Additionally, the result of the SISI of 20 loading conditions successfully indicates the danger as the value of the SISI under 1.0 of the three loading conditions that do not satisfy the IMO intact stability requirements.

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Siagian, Josua, I. Nengah Putra Apriyanto e Kaharuddin Djenod. "STUDI LITERATUR: PERFORMA MODEL KAPAL BENTUK MONOHULL, KATAMARAN DAN TRIMARAN". Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, n. 3 (15 luglio 2022): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i3.102.

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Along development of technology from time to time, makes the shipping sector have experienced development. This made the Indonesian geverment place the maritime sector into a priority program in national development. The development of ships occur from various scopes, this things takes the development of ships in terms of the number of hulls such as single hull (monohull), double hull (catamaran), and with three hulls (trimaran). This research uses a literature method that will analyze the results of previous research related to the ship’s performance. The purpose of this research to determine the best performance between ships with monohull, catamaran and also trimaran forms. The results of this research are expected to be a basic reference for selecting the ship’s hull to be fabricated in the future, whether in terms of tourism, military, etc. the results of this research indicate in terms of stability ships with trimaran hulls have good stability among others. This is because trimaran ships have a larger surface area than monohull and catamaran. With the ratio of the width and height of the ship makes the catamaran have good stability. In terms of resistance, catamaran ships have the smallest resistance than others, but this influenced by the demihull distance factor which makes the waves formed from each hull not collide with each other. In terms of seakeeping, the catamaran is the best in case of heaving, rolling and pitching conditions from all heading angles.

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Ruponen, Pekka, e Apostolos Papanikolaou. "Damage Stability of Ships". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n. 6 (19 giugno 2023): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061250.

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Krata, Przemysław, e Jacek Jachowski. "Dynamic Heeling Moment Due to Liquid Sloshing in a Rectangular Tank of Different Dimensions and Elevation in Ship’S Hull / Dynamiczny Moment Przechylający Od Swobodnych Powierzchni Cieczy W Prostokątnym Zbiorniku Okrętowym O Różnych Wymiarach I Lokalizacji Pionowej". Journal of KONBiN 21, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2012): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0005.

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Abstract Liquid sloshing phenomenon taking place in partly filled ships’ tanks directly affects the stability of a vessel and her safety on seaway, however, only static calculations are carried out onboard ships nowadays. The presented investigation is focused on dynamic approach towards liquid motion onboard ships. The set of numerical simulations of liquid sloshing taking place in moving tanks is carried out in terms of tank’s dimensions and its elevation within ship’s hull. A number of characteristics of the heeling moment due to liquid sloshing is obtained and analyzed.

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Bačkalov, I., S. Rudaković e M. Cvijović. "Intact Stability of Historic Passenger Ships in Light of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria". International Journal of Maritime Engineering 163, A1 (7 aprile 2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v163ia1.10.

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The paper examines the intact stability of historic passenger ships from the point of view of the contemporary notion of the intact stability, i.e. the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC) framework. An intact stability assessment using the Vulnerability Level 2 calculation procedures of SGISC for the dead ship condition was performed on four ocean liners: RMS Titanic, RMS Queen Mary, SS United States and SS Michelangelo, and two cruise ships: MS Song of America and MS Costa Concordia. In addition, the intact stability of the selected ships was appraised using the present-day mandatory intact stability requirements contained in the 2008 Intact Stability Code. The selected ships are believed to be good representatives of the main trends in passenger ship design over a one-hundred-year span bounded by two well-known maritime catastrophes: the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 and the Costa Concordia disaster in 2012. The paper offers an insight into how major design changes have affected the intact stability properties of passenger ships over this period. It was found that the examined ocean liners would perform well in terms of intact stability in the dead ship condition even from the point of view of the SGISC. The analysis also confirmed the advantages of the approach using the SGISC framework over simplified, (semi)empirical stability assessment methods. By looking into the evolution of the intact stability of ocean liners and cruise ships from the contemporary perspective, the paper draws the conclusions which are considered useful for the design of future passenger ships.

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Vidhaj, Miranda, e Kristofor Lapa. "Some Considerations Regarding the Safety of Touristic Vessels Operating in the Albanian Bays". Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences 23, n. 2 (19 novembre 2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56080/jms221107.

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Ship’s stability is one among the foremost important and complicated concept regarding ship and navigation’s safety and it's governed by maritime law as well as maritime codes. In Albanian bays, there has been considerable maritime tourism development in recent years, which has consequently brought about an increasing demand for passenger ships offering mainly one day cruises. The ships intended for this type of service are of different typologies: tourist vessels built especially for this destination, but there are many vessels which have changed the destination mainly from fishing vessel to tourist vessel. From the field observations along with contacts with the port authorities and Albanian maritime administration, it is revealed that these ships bare problems related to meeting service and security standards that they offer. Considering existence of such problems and the absence of technical data related to the safety of ships, it is required that geometric and stability calculations are performed with the view meeting the norms of stability. In this paper we will be presenting the causes that lead to ship stability failure and their impact on navigation safety. A case study of the calculation of the ship stability is going to be presented, the causes are going to be analysed and the possible ways of stability failures are going to be assessed. Vessel’s intact stability is a fundamental component of seaworthiness so it's in the interest of all owners/operators to be aware of this subject and make sure that their vessel has a satisfactory level of stability in order to ensure its safety as well as that of people on board.

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Belenky, Vadim L. "Seventh International Conference on the Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (STAB’ 2000)—A Review". Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, n. 01 (1 gennaio 2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.1.1.

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A brief review is given of the papers presented at the 7th International Conference on the Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, held 7–12 February 2000 in Launceston, Australia. The review covers the following stability-related subjects: human factors, stability standards, operational aspects, influence of water on deck, damage stability, stability in following and quartering seas, stability of high-speed craft and sailing yachts, nonlinear dynamics of ships, test procedures, roll stabilization and cargo shift, waves and the environment, rolling in beam seas and stability of particular types of ships.

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Wright, Charles L. "STABILITY OF SHIPS AFTER EXTENSIVE FLOODING". Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 59, n. 4 (18 marzo 2009): 442–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1947.tb05818.x.

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Gulyaev, Ilya A. Gulyaev, e Evgeniy P. Ronnov. "Сombined ships stability analysis at the stage of design study". Russian Journal of Water Transport, n. 66 (23 marzo 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi66.158.

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. A method of stability analysis for combined ship (oil carrier/platform ship type) at the stage of design study is presented. It should be noted that not all of ship’s main seaworthiness and operational characteristics are the result of a simple addition of the characteristics of an oil carrier and a platform ship. Their mutual influence takes place, which should be taken into account when analysing the stability in the multivariant optimization problems of internal and external design of such ships. This leads to the requirement to adjust the known methods of stability analysis at the initial stages of ship design, which was the purpose of the present work and its originality. Taking into account the multivariance of the task and the hull design type, the stability assessment will be carried out through the analysis of the metacentric height extreme value on the assumption that the requirements of Russian River Register for admissible heeling angle at static wind effect are met. In order to account for nonlinearity of static stability curve when inclining up to the angles of deck immersion into water and emergence of bilge, it is suggested to apply an approximate method of metacentric radius determination. The proposed method of combined ship stability assessment is recommended to apply at the stage of justification and analysis of ship’s key elements as a limitation in the problems of mathematical modeling of optimization of such type of ships. The method allows to exclude from further consideration at the design study stage the possible options that do not meet the requirements of seaworthiness.

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Dubrovsky, Victor A. "SHIPS WITH SMALL WATER-PLANE AREA: THE MAIN INFORMATION". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, n. 6 (30 giugno 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i6.2021.3990.

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Ships with small water-plane area (below “SWA ships”) have very special shape of hulls. It is the reason of characteristic specificity of such ships. SWA ships usually are multi-hull ones. And as all multi-hulls, SWA ships differ from the comparable mono-hulls by bigger deck area relative the displacement and by simple ensuring of stability. There are some architectural types of SWA ships. Their differences are shown by the article. Relative area of deck and initial transverse stability of SWA ships are compared. Statistical data on performance: twin-hull SWA versus catamarans. Common specificity of and . The main external loads. Special method of designing. Main disadvantages. Conclusions, recommendation.

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Szymoński, Marek. "Stability Control on Ro-Ro Passenger Ships as the Main Factor of Ship’s Safety". European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, n. 5 (1 settembre 2023): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).90.

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On Ro-Ro passenger ship the wide spectrum of captain’s responsibilities should be taken into consideration. One of the important responsibilities is the ship’s stability examination. The other measures as the ship’s condition, wind on ship with large windage area, rolling characteristics, severe seas etc., are important for ensuring the safe operating of ship, to minimize the risk to the ship, to the personnel and passengers on board, and to the environment. The international convention for the Safety of Life At Sea – (SOLAS 90) make into fact the continual development of safety standards in the 111 years since the sinking of the Titanic. Important enhancement stability, operational requirements and damage stability requirements were made as a consequence of several disasters at sea: “Torrey Canyon” in 1967, “Herald of Free Enterprise” in 1987 (183 dead), “Exon Valdez” in 1989, “Braer” in 1993, “Estonia” in 1994 (892 dead). In particular the dramatic loss of the Ro-Ro/Passenger vessels M/F “Herald of Free Enterprise” in 1987, and M/F “Estonia” in 1994, respectively, has resulted in the international regulation requiring enhanced damage stability requirements for this type of vessels, and in more stringent damage stability criteria adopted on a regional basis by Northern European countries (Stockholm Agreement, 1977).

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Pérez-Canosa, José M., José A. Orosa, María Isabel Lamas Galdo e Juan José Cartelle Barros. "A New Theoretical Dynamic Analysis of Ship Rolling Motion Considering Navigational Parameters, Loading Conditions and Sea State Conditions". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n. 11 (3 novembre 2022): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111646.

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Despite the IMO’s efforts and the large quantity of research carried out over the years concerning the sudden loss of stability in fishing vessels, and even the damage done to merchant fleets due to cargo shifting, accidents with very relevant consequences continue to occur. This paper can be considered as a continuation of the recent research of authors which was carried out with ships in static conditions, with pure beam seas and without resistance. The aim of the present research is to provide a reference for ships’ operators to improve the ship’s behavior and seakeeping, to alter the ship’s loading conditions or the navigational parameters (heading and speed), and even be aware of the time available to carry out these modifications before reaching dangerous situations. For this, all sea state conditions were mathematically modelled for, including the ship’s rolling motion both in static and in realistic and dynamic conditions, with the waves influencing the vessel by coming from any direction. Relevant results of easy comprehension for ships’ operators are shown in each of the models, which were validated with a representative real case study.

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Hetharia, Wolter R. "Preliminary Study on Stability Parameters of Semi-Displacement Ships". Applied Mechanics and Materials 874 (gennaio 2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.874.105.

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Semi-displacement passenger ships operate at the speed range of 19 to 23 knots or Froude number Fn of 0.50 to 0.75. Those ships need higher engine power to maintain their speeds. The efforts should be made to minimize their higher engine powers. Most experts worked to minimize the engine power for most merchant ships. In their works, the initial metacentric (GMO) at departure condition was taken as constraint to represent stability parameters. However, this is not a general case for semi-displacement passenger ships. In this study, a parent semi-displacement passenger was designed and modified. Stability parameters were computed and evaluated as required by the rules IMO-HSC. In addition, one existing high speed passenger ship was evaluated for stability evaluation as reference also. It was found that the stability parameters at large angles of inclination such as: weather criterion, angle of GZmaxand others are more critical compared to GM0. Also, the stability parameters when ship is at arrival condition are more critical compared to those at departure condition. The study resumed that the application of criterion GM0≥ 0.15 m at optimization process of semi-displacement passenger ships should be considered again for the future.

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Davydov, V. S., e I. O. Liubarets. "WAYS TO IMPROVE THE STEERING OF LARGE CONTAINER SHIPS IN DIFFICULT NAVIGATIONAL AND HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS". Shipping & Navigation 34, n. 1 (5 maggio 2023): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/2306-5761.34.2023.52-58.

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The article examines the challenges of operating large container ships in difficult navigational and hydrometeorological conditions. The latest research and publications on the peculiarities of such vessels, such as their large windage area, which depends on their size and carrying capacity are reviewed. Some cases of maneuvering large container ships and the reasons why they become almost uncontrolled at low speeds even with little wind are analysed. The article also discusses the features of the engines and propulsion of these ships, which limit their minimum speed and affect their controllability. The article shows how the rudder and propeller interact with the wind force to create a torque that influences the ship’s stability. A mathematical condition for maintaining the ship’s controllability under wind influence is provided. The article suggests some promising ways of increasing the safety of large container ships by using navigation and control systems, tugs, and new rules for regulating their movement. Attention was drawn to the need to use optical-electronic observation of space satellites to monitor the weather conditions in the busiest sea routes and to predict the weather changes that may affect the ship’s operation. This way, it will be possible to forecast the weather for the next day with sufficient accuracy, which is essential for the safe navigation of canals, challenging areas or port calls of large vessels. Keywords: navigation safety, control and navigation, container ship, windage area of the ship.

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Rajasekhar, D., e N. Manoharan. "An Analysis of Longitudinal Stability of Ships". Medico-Legal Update 18, n. 1 (2018): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2018.00105.6.

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King, Tobias, Clayton Van Welter e Tor E. Svensen. "Stability barrier management for large passenger ships". Ocean Engineering 125 (ottobre 2016): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.06.049.

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An, Zuxu, Huidong Jia, Guogang Yang, Shian Li e Qiuwan Shen. "Modelling and Simulation Analysis of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Propulsion System". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2661, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2661/1/012030.

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Abstract Under the pressure of global energy shortage and severe environmental pollution, using new energy in ships will become the mainstream direction of future development. Compared to traditional single fossil fuels, the hybrid system composed of clean energy improves overall cleanliness. Hybrid power design has also attracted widespread attention in academia and industry. Therefore, this article introduces a hybrid propulsion system for ships. It combines Proton-exchange membrane cell (PEMFC) and cell. A simulation model for the propulsion system of hybrid electric ships was established in the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation environment. It analyzes the ship’s operating speed and power under different operating conditions and allocates the operating power to the hybrid power system through an energy control strategy. Finally, it compares and analyzes the optimization potential and methods of hybrid power systems. The results indicate that the modeling method and energy management strategy used in this article can effectively simulate the load changes and energy allocation of ships under different operating conditions, improving the stability and efficiency of fuel cells.

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Diasamidze, M., e A. Shotadze. "Ballast water management and their system processing". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 31, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2019): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.1.11.

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Ballast water provides stability and maneuverability to a ship. Large ships can carry millions of gallons of ballast water. Ballast water discharged by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. There are thousands of marine species that may be carried in ships’ ballast water; In order to reduce the risk of new introductions of exotic species, the UN International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. This Convention aims ‘to continue the development of safer and more effective Ballast Water Management options that will result in continued prevention, minimization and ultimate elimination of the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens’. To prevent possible invasions, organisms should not be discharged from ballast tanks. This can be achieved by treating the ballast water, for instance by killing organisms that are travelling in the ballast water.

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Szlapczynski, Rafal, Przemyslaw Krata e Joanna Szlapczynska. "A Ship Domain-Based Method of Determining Action Distances for Evasive Manoeuvres in Stand-On Situations". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (10 ottobre 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3984962.

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A ship encounter can be considered safe if neither of ships’ domains (defined areas around ships) is intruded by other ships. Published research on this includes optimising collision avoidance manoeuvres fulfilling domain-based safety conditions. However, until recently there was no method, using ship’s domain to determine exact moment when a particular collision avoidance manoeuvre can still be successfully performed. The authors have already proposed such method for give-way encounters. In the paper, documenting continuation of the research, another kind of scenarios is considered. This paper is focused on situations where the own ship is the stand-on one and the target is supposed to manoeuvre. The presented method uses a ship’s dynamics model to compute distance necessary for a manoeuvre successful in terms of avoiding domain violations. Additionally, stability-related phenomena and their impact on possible manoeuvres in heavy weather are taken into account. The method and applied models are illustrated in a series of simulation results. The simulations cover various examples of stand-on situations, including encounters in heavy weather conditions. Discussed manoeuvres may be limited to course alteration or may combine turns with speed reduction.

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Malisan, Johny. "Tinjauan Kelaiklautan Kapal Tradisional Yang Beroperasi Di Wilayah Jakarta • Kepulauan Seribu". Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 24, n. 1 (9 maggio 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v24i1.987.

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ABSmACTNumber of wooden-ships (people called them as kapal ojek) operated in 2011 are 34 vessels or equal to 1,199 gross tonnage and total capacity of 1,833 passengers. Since many accidents of ships occurs and to be public concern, the author is interested to make research in order to evaluate sea worthiness of their stability and users' opinion. 17tere are 5 aspect of opinions to be collected among others safety equipments, timeliness and ships availability, security and comfort, crews competencies, and tariff. Users' opinion is analyzed by using the Importance performance Index and Customer Satisfaction Index The results shows that many variables are still needed to improve tlmt could enhance the service performance of those ships. 17teir stabilities are relatively in good condition, but should always consider to loading and weather conditions because the ships are made of woods and low of freeboards.Keywords : ship safety, ship seaworthiness, ship stability

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Xiao, Ping, e Haiyan Wang. "Operation Optimization of the Sea Container Fleet Based on the Double-Level Planning Model". Applied Sciences 14, n. 4 (17 febbraio 2024): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041624.

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In response to the optimal operation of ocean container ships, this paper presents a two-level planning model that takes into account carbon tax policies. This model translates the CO2 emissions of ships into carbon tax costs and aims to minimize the overall operation costs of the ships. In top-level planning, the model considers factors such as speed, cargo load, and energy consumption to establish an objective function and optimization strategy. In bottom-level planning, the model involves ship stability and imposes corresponding constraints. By integrating the two levels of planning, a ship operation optimization model that considers multiple factors is obtained. With practical ocean container ships as cases, through numerical examples and sensitivity analysis, the constraint, stability, and structural feasibility of the constructed model are confirmed. The research results of this paper provide a decision-making basis for optimizing the operation of oceanic container ships.

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Leendertse, J. J. "USE OF MODEL EXPERIMENTS IN SOLVING QUESTIONS OF NAVIGATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ENTRANCE OF ST. ANNA BAY, CURACAO, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n. 6 (29 gennaio 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v6.39.

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For a great many years model experiments with ships have been carried out in towing tanks in order to ascertain the reactive movements of ships under different wave and current conditions. Such experiments do not only pertain to the stability of the ships but also to forces brought to bear on the hulls of the ships. A recent development in the coastal engineering field includes the use of ship models in questions of navigation.

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Yu, Wanneng, Suwen Li, Yonghuai Zhu e Cheng-Fu Yang. "Management and Distribution Strategies for Dynamic Power in a Ship’s Micro-Grid System Based on Photovoltaic Cell, Diesel Generator, and Lithium Battery". Energies 12, n. 23 (27 novembre 2019): 4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234505.

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Combining new energy technology with electric propulsion technology is an effective way to decrease the pollution of water resources caused by cruise ships. This study examines the stable parallel operation of a ship’s micro-grid system through a dynamic power management strategy involving a step change in load. With cruise ships in mind, we construct a micro-grid system consisting of photovoltaics (PV), a diesel generator (DG), and a lithium battery and establish a corresponding simulation model. We then analyze the system’s operating characteristics under different working conditions and present the mechanisms that influence the power quality of the ship’s micro-grid system. Based on an analysis of the power distribution requirements under different working conditions, we design a power allocation strategy for the micro-grid system. We then propose an optimization allocation strategy for dynamic power based on fuzzy control and a load current feed-forward method, and finally, we simulate the whole system. Through this study we prove that the proposed power management strategy not only verifies the feasibility and correctness of the ship’s micro-grid structure and control strategy, but also greatly improves the reliability and stability of the ship’s operation.

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De Sousa Bastos, Paula C., e Marta C. Tapia Reyes. "Stability of Ships with a Single Stranding Point". Ciencia y tecnología de buques 7, n. 14 (26 gennaio 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.91.

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During rescue operations of stranded vessels, it is essential to make immediate and reliable decisions to optimize the successful salvage potential and minimize risks of environmental damages and cost impacts. Pursuant to this scenario, the need arises for a numerical tool, which can more accurately forecast the stability conditions experienced by a vessel after running aground and help in the refloating operations of the unit. This study seeks to develop an adequate calculus systematization, which provides analytical capabilities for operational situations in case of stranding, thereby, supporting the decisionmaking process in these risk situations.

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29

Atua, K., e B. M. Ayyub. "Reliability Analysis of Transverse Stability of Surface Ships". Naval Engineers Journal 109, n. 3 (maggio 1997): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1997.tb03175.x.

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30

GÖKSU, Burak, e Kubilay BAYRAMOĞLU. "Effect of Electric Vehicle Transportation and Carbon Capture System on Concept Ro-Ro ship Stability and EEDI". Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 12, n. 3 (28 settembre 2023): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1313638.

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Abstract (sommario):

In terms of their service life, ships may operate for decades. Hence, it depicts the rapid development of machinery and equipment due to the substantial advancement of technology. Indeed, the ship’s systems must be updated to accommodate these new instruments. However, the importance of investigating the static-dynamic equilibrium and speed-power demand is a matter of concern as the ships are in motion on the water. There are currently limitations on carbon emissions from ships. To comply with these regulations, either the use of fuels that produce fewer carbon emissions or the use of after-treatment techniques to prevent the release of carbon into the atmosphere are employed. The difficulty of integrating any new system into an existing ship increases the scope of the renovation. This study compares the stability, speed-power, and EEDI values of today’s most popular electric vehicles while being transported on a concept Ro-Ro ship with and without a Carbon Capture System (CCS) ship. In the scenario where the ship transports both conventional and electric vehicles, the number of vehicles transported remains constant, but the effects of electric vehicles being heavier are illustrated. A ship with CCS and loaded with electric vehicles has 23.5% less maximum GZ than a regular ship with the traditional vehicles loaded condition by approximately 6% less at an angle of heeling. Also, the EEDI level is approximately one-twentieth of the conventional model, which is an advantage of CCS.

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31

Vassalos, Dracos, M. P. Mujeeb-Ahmed, Donald Paterson, Francesco Mauro e Fabien Conti. "Probabilistic Damage Stability for Passenger Ships—The p-Factor Illusion and Reality". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n. 3 (1 marzo 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030348.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper complements an earlier publication by the authors addressing the probability of survival in the IMO framework for damage stability assessment, the s-factor. The focus here is on the probability of occurrence of a certain damage scenario (breach), conditional on its dimensions and location (centre and port or starboard side), the p-factor. Pertinent assumptions and limitations are explained, following its evolution for specific application to passenger ships. Attempts to provide analytical descriptions of the damage breach distributions as tetrahedra shapes positioned along the ship length whilst accounting for changes in ship geometry, structural arrangements, and subdivision for consumption by the wider profession has led to misconceptions and misunderstandings of what exactly the p-factor is in the context of probabilistic damage stability calculations. This is evidenced by the fact that the same original damage breach distributions, derived in Project HARDER, based on largely cargo ships with the age spread over the last three decades of the previous century, are still being used today for all ship types, including modern passenger ships. Filling this gap, a new database for passenger ships developed in the EC-funded Project FLARE, is briefly presented, leading to new damage breach distributions specifically for passenger ships. It is believed that this paper will throw considerable light in enhancing understanding on the p-factor, which has been cluttered with unnecessary complexity from the outset.

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32

Lin, Zhuang, Ya Xiong Zheng, Jing Zou, Han Bing Sun e Deng Hui Xu. "A Static-Stability Analysis Method for Ships Based on the Second-Development of Solid Edge". Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (giugno 2013): 1162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1162.

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Abstract (sommario):

A static-stability calculation method for ships which use the second-development of Solid Edge is presented in this paper. The second-development of Solid Edge applied Visual Basic to divide the waterplane and measure the parameters concerned static-stability calculation such as the volume and center of the underwater model. Furturemore, it makes the statics-stability calculation be convenient that the paragraph of static-stability is calculated on the parameters and the dismiss angle is returned. According to the comparison of the experiments and the theory, including different forms of superstructure models, it can be proved that this method is reliable and effective in the static-stability calculation for ships.

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Kobyliński, Lech. "New Generation Stability Norms – How to Approach the Task". Polish Maritime Research 25, s1 (1 maggio 2018): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0023.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract International stability norms included in the Code of Intact Stability 2008 adopted by IMO on 4 December 2008 constitutes the latest set of international requirements on intact stability of ships. However the requirements included in the Code, part of them compulsory (Included in the Part A of the Code), other only recommended (included in the Part B of the Code) are considered as not totally sufficient to assure safety of ships. Because of that, IMO decided that there would be the necessity to develop so called new generation stability criteria covering certain identified hazards, such as parametric resonance, loss of stability in the wave crest broaching, dead ship condition and excessive accelerations when rolling. Those criteria, or rather stability norms, are under development since 2008. The present approach, the work on which is well advanced, is however, not fully satisfactory and several important problems were discovered. This approach may need to be reconsidered or supplemented. The author in the paper presented discusses the weak points of the current approach and proposes possible different approach in order to make future ships safer from the stability point of view.

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Lee, Hee-Jin, e Deuk-Jin Park. "Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of MEMS Sensors for Measuring the Rolling Period of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n. 7 (23 giugno 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070859.

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Abstract (sommario):

Recently, with the emergence of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), ensuring seaworthiness has increased with the operation of MASS. Ship stability is important for safety, and technical methods for controlling a ship’s motion are required to evaluate the stability. A ship’s rolling period is estimated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors to measure the ship’s metacentric height. However, weather changes (e.g., temperature) are drastic due to various marine environments in the sea. Hence, it is necessary to analyze MEMS sensors’ thermal characteristics for applying them to MASS. This study aims to analyze the thermal characteristics of a siX-axis MEMS sensor for its application in MASS. The experiments analyzed measurement errors and noise at six steps in the range of 25 °C–75 °C in which the MEMS sensor can be operated. The experimental results showed that the gyroscope’s thermal error and MEMS sensor’s noise level were much larger than those of the accelerometer and the respective thermal error values along the Z-axis of the accelerometer and gyroscope were the most stable compared to those along the other axes. The findings can be applied to a measurement method of the stability of MASS employing MEMS sensors in navigation equipment.

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35

Tjahjono, Agus. "Ballast Pump Performance Optimization Strategy for Smooth Ship Operations in MV. DK 03". RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 3, n. 1 (5 ottobre 2023): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v3i1.770.

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Abstract (sommario):

Suppose the operation of the ballast pump is not optimal. In that case, it will disrupt the ship's stability and be very detrimental to many parties, such as endangering the ship and crew, resulting in fatal losses, namely the ship's sinking. The research method used is qualitative to analyze strategies for optimizing ballast pump performance for smooth ship operations on MV.DK 03. Researchers used the SWOT method. Research objectives: a) to analyze ballast pump maintenance in ship operations, b) to analyze the impact of non-optimal ballast pumps. The results of the research concluded that the factors causing the non-optimal performance of the ballast pump were problems with damaged seals, lack of experience, and crew understanding of correct operating procedures. Disturbances in ship stability can result in unstable ships and delayed loading and unloading.

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36

Isnardi, Isabelle, Renaud Lesourne, Pierre Bruhns, Wolf H. Fridman, John C. Cambier e Marc Daëron. "Two Distinct Tyrosine-based Motifs Enable the Inhibitory Receptor FcγRIIB to Cooperatively Recruit the Inositol Phosphatases SHIP1/2 and the Adapters Grb2/Grap". Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, n. 50 (28 settembre 2004): 51931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m410261200.

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Abstract (sommario):

FcγRIIB are low-affinity receptors for IgG that contain an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) and inhibit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-dependent cell activation. When coaggregated with ITAM-bearing receptors, FcγRIIB become tyrosyl-phosphorylated and recruit the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol 5′-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2, which mediate inhibition. The FcγRIIB ITIM was proposed to be necessary and sufficient for recruiting SHIP1/2. We show here that a second tyrosine-containing motif in the intracytoplasmic domain of FcγRIIB is required for SHIP1/2 to be coprecipitated with the receptor. This motif functions as a docking site for the SH2 domain-containing adapters Grb2 and Grap. These adapters interact via their C-terminal SH3 domain with SHIP1/2 to form a stable receptor-phosphatase-adapter trimolecular complex. Both Grb2 and Grap are required for an optimal coprecipitation of SHIP with FcγRIIB, but one adapter is sufficient for the phosphatase to coprecipitate in a detectable manner with the receptors. In addition to facilitating the recruitment of SHIPs, the second tyrosine-based motif may confer upon FcγRIIB the properties of scaffold proteins capable of altering the composition and stability of the signaling complexes generated following receptor engagement.

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37

Yilmaz, Hüseyin, e Abdi Kükner. "An Approximate Method for Intact Stability of Fishing Vessels". Marine Technology and SNAME News 36, n. 03 (1 luglio 1999): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1999.36.3.171.

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Abstract (sommario):

It is well known that stability is the most important safety requirement for ships. One should have some information on ship stability at the preliminary design stage in order to reduce risk. Initial stability of ships is an important criterion and can be closely evaluated in terms of form parameters and vertical center of gravity. In this study, using some sample ship data, approximate formulations are derived by means of regression analysis for the calculations expressed in terms of ship preliminary design parameters that can easily provide approximate GM calculations. Thus designers can be provided with ship stability at the preliminary design stage, and also a set of appropriate design parameters for improving vessel stability can easily be determined.

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38

Woo, Namsub, Sangmok Han, Youngju Kim, Sunchul Huh e Hyunji Kim. "Study on the structural stability evaluation of umbilical winch for ROV LARS". Engineering Computations 35, n. 1 (5 marzo 2018): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2017-0107.

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Abstract (sommario):

Purpose The purpose of this study is structural stability evaluation of umbilical winch. In accordance with the recent trend for developing natural resources, high-technology equipment on exploration ships is becoming more technologically advanced. One such piece of high-technology equipment is the umbilical winch. In this study, the umbilical winch is divided into two parts (drum and winch), where each is respectively designed with three dimensional models using CATIA, and dynamic simulation and structural analysis are performed using ANSYS. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the winch is divided into two parts for finite element analysis, the drum and whole winch model, and the parts are designed as three-dimensional models except for some small parts, such as bolt holes. Dynamic simulation and structural analysis are then performed using ANSYS. The analysis results ensure the reliability of the design methods and will be used in the domestic localization of remote operated vehicle (ROV) launch and recovery systems (LARS). Findings The strain is identified from the results, but it is very small. Some stress is concentrated at the lower corner of the drum, but the maximum stress value is lower than the allowable stress; therefore, the structure has no impact on the strain and stress. Thus, it is determined that the designed structure is safe. The results ensure the reliability of the design methods and will be used in the domestic localization of ROV LARS. Originality/value Previous studies focus on the static and mechanic problems of the winch by considering winch and drum breakage in the umbilical winch system. However, ships have a nonlinear motion characteristic with six degrees of freedom according to the constant influence of the external environment. In addition, from a design perspective, the dynamic characteristics (e.g. the ship’s motions) are more important than the static characteristics. Thus, the authors focus on winch stability securement with variable loads, such as ships moving, wave disturbance and other such important environment conditions.

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39

Huang, Junqiang. "Stability Calculation of Green Energy Unmanned Small Ship". Journal of Engineering System 2, n. 1 (marzo 2024): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202402111.

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Abstract (sommario):

Global warming is very serious, and human beings should study green energy ships to prevent pollution. First, people should do research about small ships with green energy power, such as battery and solar panels and wind power. This paper will carry out science research under limit fund, and design a small unmanned green energy ship with battery and solar panels and wind power, and calculate the stability of the ship. The ship will be designed as a tumbler, and be ensured to be safe. After calculation, the center of gravity of the ship is always under the metacenter. When the ship rolls horizontally, it will return to a positive floating state and maintain normal stability.

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Boccadamo, Guido, e Gennaro Rosano. "Excessive Acceleration Criterion: Application to Naval Ships". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, n. 12 (27 novembre 2019): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120431.

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In this paper, the application of the excessive acceleration (EA) criterion, one of five intact stability failure modes, within the second generation intact stability criteria (SGISC) framework, is shown for a set of naval vessels. First and second level vulnerability assessment of the criterion is applied to parent hulls D1 and D5 of D-Systematic Series, the US Office of Naval Research (ONR) Topside Series model, and the European multi-purpose frigate FREMM. All of which are semi-displacement, transom stern, and round bilge hull forms. Relatively low ship roll periods and great variations of hull geometry in vertical direction make this kind of ship potentially vulnerable to the EA phenomenon. Five displacements are considered for each vessel, and the minimum value of the KG height, which satisfies the Level 2 assessment, is computed for each of them. The curve of the minimum allowable KG is compared with the curve of the maximum KG complying with intact stability criteria specified in RINA (Registro Italiano Navale), classification rules for naval ships.

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41

Lin, Bowen, Mao Zheng, Bing Han, Xiumin Chu, Mingyang Zhang, Haiming Zhou, Shigan Ding, Hao Wu e Kehao Zhang. "PSO-Based Predictive PID-Backstepping Controller Design for the Course-Keeping of Ships". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, n. 2 (23 gennaio 2024): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020202.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ship course-keeping control is of great significance to both navigation efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, the complex navigational conditions, unknown time-varying environmental disturbances, and complex dynamic characteristics of ships pose great difficulties for ship course-keeping. Thus, a PSO-based predictive PID-backstepping (P-PB) controller is proposed in this paper to realize the efficient and rapid course-keeping of ships. The proposed controller takes the ship’s target course, current course, yawing speed, as well as predictive motion parameters into consideration. In the design of the proposed controller, the PID controller is improved by introducing predictive control. Then, the improved controller is combined with a backstepping controller to balance the efficiency and stability of the control. Subsequently, the parameters in the proposed course-keeping controller are optimized by utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which can adaptively adjust the value of parameters in various scenarios, and thus further increase its efficiency. Finally, the improved controller is validated by carrying out simulation tests in various scenarios. The results show that it improves the course-keeping error and time-response specification by 4.19% and 9.71% on average, respectively, which can efficiently achieve the course-keeping of ships under various scenarios.

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42

Toan, Ninh Cong, e Ngo Van He. "EFFECT OF HULL AND ACCOMMODATION SHAPE ON AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCES OF A SMALL SHIP". Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 18, n. 4 (15 marzo 2019): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/4/13292.

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Abstract (sommario):

In marine transportation, aerodynamic performance is important for the ships, especially for the small passenger fast ships. It has affected the service speed, air resistance acting on hull, power energy as well as roll, pitch, yaw and stability of the ships. Moreover, the aerodynamic performance also directly affects the passengers, captains or employments who work on the ships. For a bad aerodynamic performance hull shape, it may make an accident in marine transportation. In this paper, the authors present a study on effect of hull shape on aerodynamic performance of a small passenger fast ship by using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Several hull forms with different shapes are proposed and computed to show their aerodynamic performances. From the comparison between different CFD results of the ships, the effects of hull shape on aerodynamic performances of the ships are understood.

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Hu, Lifen, Chen Yao, Wubin Li, Xiangyang Wang e Zhongyu Sun. "Capsizing Performance of Dead Ship Stability for Damaged Ships". Marine Technology Society Journal 55, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.1.10.

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AbstractThis study proposes a method for combining capsizing probability and flooding process to investigate the time-domain dead ship stability of a damaged ship. It focuses on a nonlinear righting lever GZ curve solution in the following aspects: one aspect subjects the influence of damaged tanks on a hull shape to the wind and wave, and the other aspect is based on a real-time calculation of the GZ curve. According to 1‐degree-of-freedom rolling equation, the damaged capsizing probability model is established through fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation. Also, the model solution is applied on the basis of Visual Basic 6.0 language, and the results are compared with the NAPA platform. The most significant development in this study is combining time-domain flooding process and capsizing probability calculation. To verify the proposed methods, two damaged fishery bureau vessels are used as the sample ships. Results of time-domain capsizing probability under different loading conditions are compared, and the difference and its possible reasons are analyzed.

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KORVIN-KROUKOVSKY, B. V. "DIRECTIONAL STABILITY AND STEERING OF SHIPS IN OBLIQUE WAVES*". Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 73, n. 3 (18 marzo 2009): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1961.tb02613.x.

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45

Brown, A. J., e Lt F. Deybach. "Towards A Rational Intact Stability Criteria For Naval Ships". Naval Engineers Journal 110, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1998.tb02386.x.

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Francescutto, Alberto. "Intact stability criteria of ships – Past, present and future". Ocean Engineering 120 (luglio 2016): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.02.030.

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47

Hasanudin, Achmad Zubaydi e Wasis Dwi Aryawan. "Investigating the Capsizing Incident of the RoPax OCD Vessel Utilizing the RAO Approach in Wave Conditions". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1198, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1198/1/012009.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract RoPax is the most famous ship in the world that simultaneously carries multipurpose such as passengers, cargo, and vehicles in bulk. Cargo ships experience the most accidents, but RoPax ships contribute the most casualties worldwide. RoPax OCD is practical and economical for the short-medium route but vulnerable in intact dynamic stability that causes capsize. The paper analyses the data of RoPax Opened Car Deck (OCD) accidents in range time (2003-2021) in Indonesia water that is reviewed by the Response Amplitude Operator (RAO). Internal ship data is obtained from Indonesia’s National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC), and external data on wave characteristics are obtained from Global Ocean Waves Reanalysis Waves of Copernicus Marine Service. From RAO analysis of eight capsizing cases of RoPax OCD show that 62.5% occur in sub-critical (effect of low stability moment), 25% occur in supercritical (a result of small weight inertia moment), and 12.5% occur in critical (a consequence of small damping moment). The conclusion is that stability problems are the leading cause of the capsizing of RoPax, so existing ships must improve their stability or be diverted to operation areas with suitable wave characteristics.

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Tagg, Robert, e Cantekin Tuzcu. "A Performance-Based Assessment of the Survival of Damaged Ships: Final Outcome of the EU Research Project HARDER". Marine Technology and SNAME News 40, n. 04 (1 ottobre 2003): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2003.40.4.288.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper presents the results of the EU Research Project HARDER with regard to the development of generalized formulations to predict the probability of survival of a damaged ship in a seaway. The methodology follows the procedures used to develop the survivability functions for the probabilistic damage stability regulations for passenger ships developed in the 1960s but makes use of an extensive series of a new model test carried out both as part of the HARDER Project and as part of independent external model tests. Simplified formulations based on static calculations have been proposed and correlated to the model test results. Two formulations are proposed, one to be applied to all types of ships, and an additional function based on the static equivalent method (SEM) methodology, which is suitable for roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) ships (or any other ships with large unsubdivided horizontal spaces near the final damaged waterline). These formulas are currently under consideration by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for the new harmonized damaged stability regulations in the upcoming SOLAS 2006 revisions.

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Nabawi, Rahmat Azis, Syahril Syahril e Salmat Salmat. "Stability Study of Flat Hull Ship for Fishing Tourism". Teknomekanik 3, n. 2 (10 dicembre 2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v3i2.9272.

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Abstract (sommario):

The availability of boats is needed to develop fishing tourism. Most of the boats used so far generally use fishing boats made of woodcut in the forest, so this can damage the environment and cause natural disasters. Ships using a flat plate hull made of steel can be a substitute for wooden ships. This study aims to test the stability of a flat plate vessel designed for fishing boats. The ship stability test was carried out using a computer simulation method using Maxsurf Stability software. The ship stability criteria refer to the International Maritime Organization code A.749 (18), Ch 3-design criteria applicable to all ships. The ship stability analysis was carried out on two variations of the load case. The value of GZ at A h 300, A h 400 and A h 300 - A h 400 for load case 1 and 2 are greater than the minimum standards determined by IMO. The maximum GZ value at load case 1 occurs at an angle of 400 and at load case 2 at an angle of 60.90. The GM value in load case 1 is 0.609 meters and in load case 2 is 0.485 meters. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be denied that the flatboat design model for fishing tourism meets the criteria set by the International Maritime Organization.

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50

Mironiuk, Waldemar. "Model studies of ships as an element of maritime transport". WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (1 giugno 2018): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4607.

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Abstract (sommario):

Transport of large amounts of cargo, mining and exploiting natural mineral resources, carrying large number of passengers by sea are characterized by high risk, even if the latest technologies are employed. It is not a long time ago that thousands of people lost their lives in catastrophes of ships, off-shore oil rigs and other marine objects. It is estimated that around 80% of accidents at sea are caused by making wrong decisions by persons keeping watch on the bridge, especially during difficult navigational and weather conditions. Accidents can also be caused by lack of skills necessary for crews or absence of appropriate tools. Therefore, it is important that seafarers should be trained in accordance with the highest standards. The scope of crew research and training may include both static, dynamic and damage stability. This stand bad also enables the analysis of the influence of the free surface effect of the liquid occurring in the compartments or tanks after damage to the ship's hull and the analysis of the impact of cargo operation on the ship's initial stability. Experiences gained on the research stand lead to a better understanding of the phenomena occurring in the current operation of the ship and to improve the safety of swimming. The aim of this article is presentation selected scenarios for the model tests of vessels and to familiarize with the construction of selected types of ship models and the capabilities of stability test stands in the aspect of improving the safety at sea.

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