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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Spleen"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Spleen"

Ashwini, N. S., Vinay Kulkarni e K. V. Venkateshu. "Anatomical Variations of Spleen in South Indian Population". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 12, n. 3 (15 settembre 2022): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v12i3.7.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Spleen is the large lymphoid organ that is situated in the left hypochondriac region and is usually wedge shaped. It has two ends, two surfaces and three margins. Superior margin of the spleen possesses characteristic notches. Normally spleen is not palpable. It develops in dorsal mesogastrium during the 5th week of fetal life from a mass of mesenchymal cells. Objectives: The present study explains the morphology of spleen 1.To determine the length of spleen 2.To determine the breadth of spleen 3.To determine the thickness of spleen 4.To determine the variations in notches & shape of spleen 5.To compare the morphometric measurements with previous studies Results: In our study, the length, breadth and thickness of spleen was 9.19 cm, 6.61 cm and 3.25 cm respectively. The length of spleen ranged between 5-8cm in 35% of spleens, 8.1-10cm in 35%, 10.1-12cm in 24%and >12.1cm in 6% of spleens studied. Majority of the length of spleens ranged between 5-8cm and 8.1-10cm. The breadth ranged between 3.5-5.5cm in 25% of spleens, 5.6-7.5cm in 45%, 7.6-9.5cm in 20% and 9.6-11.5cm in 10% of spleens studied. The maximum range of breadth of spleen was 5.6-7.5cm in our study. The thickness of spleen ranged between 1-4cm in 82% of spleens, 4.1-6cm in 10% of spleens and 6.1-8cm in 8% of spleen maximum being 1-4cm. 5 fissures and 6 lobules in one of the spleens were observed. These fissures were from the superior border. A deep fissure on the diaphragmatic surface was also observed. The shape of spleen was wedge shaped in 34 % of the spleens being the maximum and next was oval shaped spleens and heart shaped spleens and crescent shaped spleens were the least found in 1% only. The weight of the spleen ranged between 40-500gms, heaviest being 461.1 gms in one of the spleen and least being 47.8gms. Conclusion: The detailed knowledge on variations of spleen is important in clinical practice to avoid and prevent any complications and to obtain a good operative, as well as diagnostic intervention. Keywords: Splenic notches, Polysplenia, Wandering spleen

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selvi, A. Thamarai, Precila Infant Vincy. V e T. L. Anbumani. "Morphological Study of Splenic Notches and Fissures". International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, n. 3.2 (5 agosto 2021): 8064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.145.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction: Spleen is the largest and secondary lymphoid organ in humans. It has two ends: Anterior and Posterior end. Two surfaces: Visceral and Diaphragmatic surfaces. Three borders: Superior, Inferior and Intermediate. Spleen begins to develop during the 5th week of intra-uterine life from a mass of mesenchymal cells, originating in the dorsal mesogastrium as a localized thickening of coelomic epithelium. The spleen is lobulated in foetus but the lobules normally disappear before birth. The imperfect fusion of splenic masses during embryonic life results in an accessory spleen. The spleen plays a vital role in regard to blood storage, formation of lymphocyte and defense against foreign particles. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 50 formalin fixed spleen from the Department of Anatomy, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurantakam Taluk, Chengalpet Dt, Tamilnadu, India. Results: Out of 50 spleens, Wedge shape is seen in 33 spleens, Triangular shape is observed in 5 spleens, tetrahedral in 7 spleens, oval shape in 3 spleens, and dome-shaped in 2 spleen. The splenic notches were observed in the superior border in 44 spleens (88%) and notch seen in the inferior border in 4 spleens (8%) and the absence of a notch in both the superior and inferior border noted in 2 spleens (4%). The number of notches on the superior border is from 1 to 4 and the number of notches on the inferior border is 1. Fissures noted in 8 spleens (16%). In 5 specimens fissures extended to reach the visceral surface. Conclusion: The presence of abnormal fissures and lobes of the spleen might confuse the radiologists. Abnormal lobulation might cause misinterpretation as mass originating from the kidney. It is essential for surgeons and radiologists to be aware of the splenic variations. KEY WORDS: splenic surfaces, shapes, notches, fissures.

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Khaleel N, Abinet GM, Angadi A V, Muralidhar P S, Shabiya M e Shaik Hussain Saheb. "A Cadaveric Study on Morphometric Features of Spleen and Splenomegaly with Accessory Spleen in Hilum". International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, n. 4 (5 dicembre 2021): 8181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.182.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Anatomical knowledge regarding the external morphology of the spleen is essential for surgical intervention and radiological diagnosis. Splenomegaly is defined as pathologic enlargement of the spleen measured by size or weight. A normal spleen has a craniocaudal length of no more than 12 cm and weighs less than 200 g. It is surrounded by a thin capsule. The spleen is usually not palpable unless it is enlarged; therefore, a palpable spleen is almost always abnormal. At times the spleen may be difficult to palpate, but dullness to percussion during inspiration in the area of the lower left intercostal space in the left anterior axillary line suggests splenic enlargement. Massive splenomegaly, weight >1000 g usually occurs in lymphoma, myeloproliferative disorders, visceral leishmaniasis, and malaria. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in different medical institutions, to find morphometric features, spenomegaly in cadaver during routine anatomy dissection as part of curriculum, 100 cadavers were observed to find out splenomegaly. Results: Out of 100 spleens studied, 81 cases wedge shaped spleen was the most common, followed by 12 tetrahedral shaped spleens and 7 oval shaped spleens. Average weight of the spleen was 175g. Average length of the spleen was 11.64cm, Average breadth of the spleen was 7.3cm and average thickness of spleen was 3.6cm. Out of 100 cadavers observed only one cadaver observed with massive splenomegaly with one accessory spleen in hilum. The spleen weight was 875gm, length was 18.15 cm, width was 8.65cm, thickness was 5.75cm and extended upto 7 rib and it is easily palpable below the rib cage from lumbar aspect. The cadaver was male and age around 55 years. Conclusion: The morphometric knowledge of spleen will helpful for surgeons and for understanding deceases related spleen. The knowledge of splenomegaly is important in finding splenic disorders and accessory spleen information helpful in understanding embryonic development of spleen. KEY WORDS: Splenomegaly, Spleen, Hilum of Spleen, Accessory spleen.

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Musleh, Anas Hamed, Atyaf Mohammed Ali e Mahdi Salih Shalal. "Anatomical and Histological Study of Neonatal Human Spleen". NeuroQuantology 20, n. 4 (6 aprile 2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.4.nq22094.

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Abstract (sommario):

The spleen is the human body's largest lymphoid organ. The appearance of the spleen is inflated by a variety of conditions, such as cell abnormalities that lodge within the spleen or storage function disorders. As a result, the spleen's size can be used as a predictor of illness severity. Place and period of study: From July 2019 to May 2020, all of these samples were taken from autopsied bodies in the mortuary room of Kirkuk forensic medicine and the institute of forensic medicine in Baghdad, with legal authority. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Materials: The current study used 20 autopsy neonate human spleens ranging in age from 1 to 28 days that were collected from available dead undergoing post-mortem examination, were studied macroscopic and microscopic after staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: The number of notches in this study ranged from zero to five, however the top score of the specimens had one or two notches. The accessory spleen, on the other hand, was not found in the area the spleen's hilum. From the first day forward, the characteristic lymphoid follicle or white pulp could be recognized. During this time, nucleated red blood cells were observed. Purpose of study: Because no data on the standard dimensions of the normal spleen exists in the Iraqi population, the findings of this study may reveal differences in spleen morphology and provide valuable data for parameter standardization, It will be useful for correct clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease by physicians, surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists.

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Shilpakala L B. "A study of splenic notches in human cadavers and its clinical implications". Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 10, n. 4 (15 gennaio 2024): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2023.051.

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Abstract (sommario):

: Spleen is the largest and secondary lymphoid organ with high vascularity which has important role in immunological and haematological functions of human body. Spleen developes from mesoderm and in the initial stages of development, different lobules are formed, which fuses later. The lobulated structure of spleen disappears, but is indicated by the presence of notches in superior border in adults. The aim of study was to find morphological variations of spleen with respect to its number of notches in borders and anomalous fissure on its surfaces.: The study was done on 40 formalin fixed cadaveric spleens from the department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, and Karnataka. Out of 40 spleens studied, the various shapes such as wedge shaped, tetrahedral, oval and triangular were found. The number of spleen showing notches in superior border was 28(70%) and in the inferior border it was 3(7.5%). Absence of Splenic notches was observed in 5(12.5%) and 2(5%) spleens had notches in both borders. The anomalous fissure was found in 2(5%) spleen on its diaphragmatic surface.: The knowledge of variations in morphology of spleen are essential for physician, surgeon, radiologists and forensic surgeon to differentiate from the splenic pathology and splenic injury. Morphological variations of spleen and its clinical importance need to be discussed at dissection tables during routine anatomy dissection hours.

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Shah, A., A. K. Singh e Richa Niranjan. "Sculpting life: Studying the intricacies of human fetal spleen morphology during development". Journal of Anatomical Sciences 31, n. 2 (4 dicembre 2023): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46351/jas.v31i2pp141-149.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction: The spleen, a crucial lymphoid organ, plays a significant role in blood cell production and regulation. Emerging from mesodermal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium during the fourth embryonic week, the spleen is located in the left upper quadrant alongside the tenth rib. This study investigates morphological variations in human fetal spleens, serving as blood filters and storage sites for iron, erythrocytes, and platelets. This study aimed to assess morphological measurements of human fetal spleen development. Materials and Methods: Sixty formalin-preserved fetuses (33 male, 27 female) of varying gestational ages were examined over a three-year period (2020-2023) at the Anatomy Department, Govt. Medical College Srinagar Garhwal, ensuring adherence to ethical guidelines. Gross characteristics such as position, shape, relations, notches & fissures, and ligaments were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: All fetal spleens were located in the left hypochondrium, with 50% exhibiting a wedge shape. The stomach consistently associated with the spleen, while no relationship was observed between the kidney, left colic flexure, and spleen in early fetal stages. The liver exhibited connections with the fetal spleen. Notches were most prevalent along the superior border, followed by the inferior border and lateral pole, with 27 spleens showing fissures. Conclusions: Studying prenatal spleen development aids in understanding organ pathologies, thereby enhancing diagnostic and preventive techniques. Keywords: Fetal Spleen, Wedge Shape, Notches, Fissures

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Chen, Haoxiang, Feiyao Wang, Xingyue Wu, Songchen Yuan, Huili Dong, Chenyang Zhou, Siliang Feng, Zhanqin Zhao e Lifang Si. "Chronic Heat Stress Induces Oxidative Stress and Induces Inflammatory Injury in Broiler Spleen via TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Broilers". Veterinary Sciences 11, n. 7 (1 luglio 2024): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11070293.

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The spleen is the largest peripheral immune organ of the organism, accounting for 25% of the total lymphoid tissue of the body. During HS, the spleen is damaged due to the elevated environment, which seriously affects life performance and broilers’ health. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of chronic HS damage to broiler spleen tissues. The broilers were typically raised until they reached 21 days of age, after which they were arbitrarily allocated into two groups: an HS group and a cntrol group. The HS group was subjected to a temperature of 35 °C for 10 h each day, starting at 21 days of age. At 35 and 42 days of age, spleen and serum samples were obtained from the broilers. The results showed that after HS, a significant decrease in productive performance was observed at 42 days of age (p < 0.01), and the spleen index, and bursa index were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). T-AOC of the organism was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), GSH-PX, SOD, and CAT antioxidant factors were significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and MDA was significantly elevated (p < 0.01). HS also led to a significant increase in cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and INF-γ and a significant decrease in IL-4 in the spleen. The histopathologic results showed that the spleen’s red-white medulla was poorly demarcated. The cells were sparsely arranged after HS. After HS, the expression of TLRs, MYD88, and NF-κB genes increased significantly. The expression of HSP70 increased significantly, suggesting that HS may induces an inflammatory response in broiler spleens through this signaling pathway, which may cause pathological damage to broiler spleens, leading to a decrease in immune function and progressively aggravating HS-induced damage with the prolongation of HS.

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Sarda, Swapnilkumar L. "Study on variations in hilar and segmental branching pattern of splenic artery". Medpulse International Journal of Anatomy 18, n. 2 (2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26611/10011821.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Introduction of laparoscopic surgical methods requires exact knowledge of the topography of the spleen and its surrounding. Further advances in splenic conservative surgery are dependent on better knowledge of vascular anatomy of the spleen. Hence segmental arteries of spleen are of great surgical importance and their early identification in splenic trauma will lead to enhanced splenic conservation. Materials and methods: Present study carried out on 50 human spleen by dissection, silicon injection and radiological methods. We found different types of variations in hilar and segmental branching pattern of splenic artery. Observations and Results: in present study splenic artery divided in two primary branches in 86% and in three primary branches in14% of the spleens. superior polar branches were found in 44% while inferior polar branches were in 52% of the spleens. Two segmental branches found in 24%, three segmental found in 50%, four segmental in 18% and five segmental in 8% of the specimens. Intersegmental anastomosis found in 2% of spleens. Discussion: These segmental resection of spleen and further advances in splenic conservation are dependant on better understanding of vascular anatomy of the spleen.

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Sokolov, Yuri Y., Sergey V. Stonogin, Alexander V. Dziadchik, Sergey A. Korovin e Olga V. Korenkova. "The asynchronous torsion of the main and accessory wandering spleens in an infant". Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, n. 6 (26 dicembre 2023): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ps663.

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BACKGROUND: To diagnose the torsion of the wandering spleen in infants is a challenging task. Torsion of the wandering spleen in such population is an extremely rare case. Among children under one year of age, the wandering spleen is more common in boys (2.5:1). A total of 26 cases of torsion of an accessory spleen were described in the literature. Asymptomatic course of the disease before the first episode of spleen torsion occurs in 70% cases. No case of asynchronous torsion of the main and accessory wandering spleens are described in the literature. CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: This article describes a very rare clinical case of asynchronous torsion of the main and accessory wandering spleens in an infant. In the described case, basic clinical manifestations of the spleen torsion in an 8-month-old girl were typical for acute enteric infection. The child had laparoscopic splenectomy. CONCLUSION: The present article describes challenges associated with the diagnostics of this pathology, important role of spiral computed tomography, efficacy of diagnostic laparoscopy and relaparoscopy as well as the efficacy of laparoscopic spleen resection in case of spleen necrosis in an infant.

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Amine Fares, Mohamed, Tarek Khenenou, Djallal Eddine Rahmoun, Derradji Harek, Houari Hemida e Rabah Mayouf. "Development and Maturation of the Dromedary Spleen: Anatomical and Histological Analysis During the First Three Years of Life". Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 18, n. 02 (1 aprile 2024): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005371.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: The dromedary spleen plays a crucial role in the immune system and maintaining homeostasis. However, there is limited research on the developmental changes in the spleen during the first few years of a dromedary’s life. Objectives: The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the developmental changes in the dromedary spleen during the crucial first three years of life. This aim was achieved through a multi-faceted approach involving macroscopic examination, which entailed measuring the absolute and relative mass of the spleen and morphometric analysis. Additionally, histological and histomorphometric analyses were employed to study the cellular composition of the spleen at different ages. Methods: Five groups of dromedaries were examined in Southeastern Algeria. Their spleens were analyzed using both gross anatomy and histological examination. The cellular composition of their spleens was studied on histological slides of different ages, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The results showed that the spleen’s size, weight, and volume significantly increased as the animals grew. The splenic mass of the animal of the first group showed an average absolute mass of 251±14.19 g, whereas in the fourth group, they showed an average mass of 318±23.91 g. Also, the length, width, and thickness showed average values of 43.78±1.95 cm, 19.44±1.52 cm, and 1.88±0.16 cm, respectively, at 8 months. However, they showed average values of 49.6±1.86 cm, 24.32±1.69 cm, and 3.18±0.34 cm, respectively, at the age of 3 years. The cellular composition of the spleen changed over time, with a higher percentage of lymphoid tissue at 8 months, more red pulp at 1 year, and a higher percentage of white pulp at 2 years. Finally, the spleen had a mature mixture of red and white pulp and fully developed immune function by 3 years. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the development and maturation of the dromedary spleen. The findings have important implications for understanding the health and well-being of these animals. The results could potentially contribute to the development of better strategies for the management and care of dromedaries.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Spleen"

Burn, Sally. "Origin and morphogenesis of the murine spleen". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23965.

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This thesis establishes methods to investigate early spleen development in the mouse embryo. An expression analysis of early Nkx2.5 expression is reported, along with the finding that Nkx2.5 may be the earliest marker of splenic precursors in the mouse. Expression of Nkx2.5 is also shown for the first time to overlap considerably with that of Nkx3.2 – a major gut development gene upstream of Nkx2.5. An in silico analysis of the evolutionary conserved regions upstream of Nkx2.5 is presented along with the establishment and analysis of stable transgenic reporter lines expressing LacZ under the control of an Nkx2.5 gut regulatory sequence (NGRS). NGRS confers spleen, posterior stomach, and pyloric sphincter expression, with very little of the cardiac expression associated with endogenous Nkx2.5. This enhancer is thus ideal for gut studies, providing a tool for directing gut-specific expression and genetic manipulations. NGRS was also found not to require Nkx3.2 for its activity. Finally, NGRS is demonstrated to have the potential to mark abnormal spleen development, in a previously unreported splenic mutant: the Rwhs mutant. Potential uses for NGRS are explored. An approach was taken to mark and follow spleen development, using NGRS-LacZ in an organ culture system. Data generated from these experiments shed some light on how the E11.5 spleen develops, providing evidence for migration of splenic precursors along the stomach, and suggesting that an inhibitory “anchor” effect is normally exerted by the posterior spleno-pancreatic mesenchyme, disruption of which permits precocious spleen development. Finally, an analysis of the role of Wnt signalling in development of the spleno-pancreatic region is presented. Wnt signalling is active in the developing spleen at E11.5, E12.5 and E14.5. A number of Wnt and Frz genes are expressed in the E14.5 spleen.

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Almeida, Mônica de. "Réinventions du "Spleen de Paris" : traduire Baudelaire". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082698.

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Le poème en prose est considéré comme une notion problématique dans les études sur le langage et malgré plusieurs tentatives pour définir cette écriture, elle représente encore une exception dans l’univers littéraire. Dans Le Spleen de Paris, Baudelaire fait allusion à ses poèmes comme des « accidents », comme un ouvrage « qui n’a ni queue ni tête, puisque tout, au contraire, y est à la fois tête et queue, alternativement et réciproquement ». L’objectif de ce travail est de discuter des aspects concernant le mode de fonctionnement et la singularité des Petits poèmes en prose de Baudelaire, à partir des traductions de ce recueil, surtout en langue portugaise (Brésil), mais aussi en prenant en compte des fragments des versions en anglais et en espagnol. Ces réinventions constituent des projets littéraires autonomes, orientés par des conceptions de langage distincts et en ce sens, chaque réécriture fournit des éléments pour réfléchir sur les différentes stratégies et théories de la traduction
The prose poem is considered as a problematic notion in language studies and despite many attempts to find a definition to this writing, it still remains an irregularity in the universe of literature. In Paris Spleen Baudelaire refers to his poems as an “accident”, as a work “that has neither head nor tail, since everything, on the contrary, is both head and tail, alternatively and reciprocally”. The goal of this research is to discuss some aspects concerning the principles of composition and the peculiarity of the Small Prose Poems, based on the translations of this work in Portuguese (Brazil), and also taking into account fragments of versions in English and in Spanish. These reinventions frame independent literary projects and they are oriented by distinct conceptions of language. In this way, each rewriting presents elements to think on different strategies and theories of Translation

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McAdoo, Stephen. "The role of spleen tyrosine kinase in glomerulonephritis". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/40926.

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Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has an important role in immunoreceptor signalling, including for the B cell receptor and activatory Fc receptors. SYK inhibition has shown efficacy in animal models of non-renal autoimmune disease. The role of SYK in experimental and clinical renal disease, however, is not well defined. I have studied the effects of SYK inhibition using a specific small molecule inhibitor (R788; fostamatinib) in two distinct experimental models of glomerulonephritis in the rat. In experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG; a model of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease), I have shown that SYK inhibition with fostamatinib both prevents and treats established disease. Significant attenuation of humoral autoimmune responses was observed, and ELISpot and flow cytometric analysis suggests that this was due to a direct inhibitory effect on B cell activity, rather than overall B cell survival. In addition, SYK inhibition appeared to inhibit antibody-dependent, Fc receptor-mediated pro-inflammatory responses, particularly within glomerular macrophages, in EAG. In experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV; a model of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody [ANCA] associated vasculitis), SYK inhibition was an effective treatment for life-threatening manifestations of disease, including glomerulonephritis and lung haemorrhage. I have also examined the pattern of SYK expression by immunohistochemistry in clinical renal biopsy specimens from approximately 100 patients with a spectrum of glomerular pathologies. I found that SYK is expressed and activated in proliferative types of glomerulonephritis, and that expression levels correlate with disease activity in anti-GBM disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy. These data suggest that SYK is important in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis. SYK inhibition is an effective treatment strategy for the organ-threatening manifestations of disease in two experimental models, and SYK inhibition therefore warrants further investigation in human renal disease.

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Edmond, A. M. "The spleen in sickle cell disease in childhood". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598759.

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Sasaki, Minoru. "Contextualisation poético-politique du spleen moderne chez Baudelaire". 名古屋大学教養教育院, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/21051.

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Paula, Daniel Rameh de. "Le spleen de Paris : uma estética do confronto". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31318.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2017.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir acerca do tema do confronto em Le Spleen de Paris – Petits poèmes en prose, de Charles Baudelaire, um dos inauguradores da lírica moderna. Serão abordados, em especial, três aspectos da ideia de confronto na obra referida: o confronto estético; o confronto com o outro; e o confronto consigo mesmo. Considerando-se que o spleen figura em um dos títulos imaginados por Baudelaire para nomear a coletânea de poemas em questão, é de se supor que esse sentimento contribua para a tendência do sujeito poético da obra a estabelecer relações marcadamente conflituosas. Assim, em síntese, o problema sobre o qual se intenciona debruçar-se neste trabalho pode ser proposto do seguinte modo: em que medida a disseminação do tema do confronto em Le Spleen de Paris pode ser relacionada ao sentimento do spleen? Ao longo desse percurso, tendo como principais referenciais teóricos as teses de Antoine Compagnon, Hugo Friedrich e Walter Benjamin, será necessário evocar características fulcrais da modernidade e refletir acerca da noção de spleen, conceitos que se relacionam entre si e também com o modo como o confronto se espalha na obra em questão.
Ce travail a pour but de réfléchir à propos du sujet de l’affrontement dans Le Spleen de Paris – Petits poèmes en prose, de Charles Baudelaire, l’un des inventeurs de la poésie moderne. De manière plus spécifique, trois aspects de l’idée d’affrontement seront analysés dans l’oeuvre mentionnée: l’affrontement esthétique; l’affrontement à l’autre; l’affrontement à soi-même. En considérant que le spleen figure sur l’un des titres imaginés par Baudelaire pour nommer son recueil de poèmes, on peut supposer que ce sentiment participe à la tendance du je poétique à établir des relations assez turbulentes. En somme, la problématique sur laquelle nous nous proposons de nous concentrer peut être formulée de la manière suivante: dans quelle mesure la dissémination de l’affrontement dans Le Spleen de Paris se lie-t-elle au sentiment du spleen? Au long du parcours, en prenant pour référence théorique surtout les idées d’Antoine Compagnon, Hugo Friedrich et Walter Benjamin, il sera nécessaire d’évoquer des caractéristiques centrales de la modernité et réfléchir à propos de la notion de spleen - des concepts qui se lient l’un à l’autre et aussi à la manière dont l’affrontement se répand dans l’oeuvre ci-analysée.

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Desanti, Guillaume. "Hematopoietic and structuring process of the fetal spleen". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077093.

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Chez la souris, l'ébauche de la rate foetale apparaît à jour embryonnaire 12,5 et contient des progéniteurs myéloides et érythrocytaires. À ce stade, la circulation sanguine est déjà établie et participe à la diversification du « pool » de cellules hématopoïétiques. Au cours de la vie foetale, les cellules hématopoïétiques de la rate prolifèrent et se différencient. Jusqu'à présent, le développement de la rate, son rôle sur la constitution du système hématopoïétique et les mécanismes qui participent à sa structuration ont été peu étudiés. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai isolé les cellules stromales CD34 et CD34+ de la rate foetale qui pourraient contribuer activement au recrutement des cellules hématopoiétiques. J'ai étudié le contenu hématopoiétique de la rate foetale à différents stades de développement. J'ai caractérisé par des essais in vitro et in vivo une population CD4'nt qui se compose de progéniteurs T, NK, B et myéloides. Ces progéniteurs se différencieraient in situ et participeraient à l'activité hématopoiétique de la rate foetale. J'ai séparé ces progéniteurs en fonction de leur expression du récepteur Flt3 et du transgène RAG2-GFP et j'ai démontré que certains d'entre eux sont capables de se différencier en cellules inductrices des tissus lymphoïdes (ITL). Les ITL jouent un rôle majeur dans la génération des organes lymphoïdes. Afin d'évaluer la fonction des ITL dans la rate foetale, j'ai étudié leur positionnement et montré leur regroupement autour des vaisseaux sanguins. Grâce à un modèle de greffes spléniques, j'ai mis en évidence que les cellules B et les ITL occupent les mêmes régions. Ces résultats suggèrent que la position des futurs follicules lymphoïdes spléniques sont pré-établis par la régionalisation des ITL dans la rate foetale. Afin de déterminer les propriétés hématopoïétiques de l'environnement de la rate foetale, j'ai participé à l'établissement de 10 lignées de cellules stromales de rate foetales et étudié leurs capacités à soutenir la différenciation lymphoïde et myéloïde. Toutes ces lignées soutiennent l'engagement et la différentiation myéloïdes mais n'ont pas la même capacité à soutenir le développement lymphoïde. Cette diversité serait caractéristique de différentes niches de cellules stromales qui composent la rate foetale. Ces niches représenteraient des structures précoces des pulpes rouge et blanche
Mouse splenic anlagen appears at embryonic day 12. 5 (E12. 5) and contains erythroid and myeloid progenitors. At this stage, blood circulation is established and contributes to the hematopoietic pool diversification. During fetal life, the hematopoietic cells of the spleen proliferate and differentiate. Few studies have described the development of the spleen, the mechanisms that mediate the apparition of its structure and its role in the hematopoietic System constitution. During my thesis, I have isolated the fetal spleen CD34" and CD34+ stromal cell subsets that could actively contribute to the recruitment of hematopoietic cells. I have studied the fetal spleen hematopoietic content at different stages of development. I have characterized by in vitro and in vivo assays a CD4'm population that is composed of T, NK, B and myeloid progenitors. These progenitors could differentiate in situ and participate to the hematopoietic activity of the fetal spleen. I have further isolated these progenitors by considering their expression of Flt3 and RAG2-GFP transgene and demonstrated that some are able to give rise to the lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. These LTi cells play a major role in the lymphoid organ generation. To evaluate the LTi cell function in the fetal spleen, I have assessed their localization and shown their gathering around the blood vessels. Using spleen graft strategy, I have shown that LTi cells co-localize with B lymphocytes. These results suggest that the position of the future splenic lymphoid follicles is pre-established by LTi cells regionalization in the fetal spleen. To study the hematopoietic capacities of the fetal spleen environment, I have participated to the establishment of ten different fetal spleen stromal cell lines (FeSS) and determine their capacities to support the myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. All the FeSS promote the myeloid commitment and differentiation despite their heterogeneous ability to support the lymphoid development. This diversity could be related to the different niches of stromal cells that compose the fetal spleen. These different niches could be representative of the early red or white pulp structures

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Ouakaoui, Malek. "Esthétique du spleen dans le cinéma de l'immigration". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAL026.

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Plus que jamais l’immigration est un sujet d’actualité. Elle fait systématiquement l’objet des campagnes électorales des pays d’accueil et révèle en filigrane un malaise grandissant dans les pays de départ. Ce malaise qui est surtout apparu après la décolonisation témoigne de la difficulté pour la plupart des pays du Sud d’accéder à une réelle souveraineté. La jeunesse de ces pays-là ressent alors un sentiment de déception et de mélancolie comparable au spleen vécu par les Romantiques français dans la période postrévolutionnaire. Le voyage vers un ailleurs fantasmé devient alors un moyen de dépassement et parfois même de survie. Mais tandis qu’au XIXe siècle, c’était l’Orient qui paraissait fascinant, notamment en littérature dite orientaliste, aujourd’hui la tendance semble s’être inversée pour donner lieu à un occidentalisme cinématographique.L’immigration suppose un départ : l’émigration ; une installation : l’immigration à proprement parlé ; et parfois même un retour : la « remigration ». Chacun de ces aspect comporte des problématiques particulières sous-jacentes et pas nécessairement en rapport les unes avec les autres. Elles sont largement traitées en études sociologiques, politiques ou même économiques. Mais ces études n’ont pas vocation à nous introduire dans la pensée intérieure de ceux qui vivent les situations. Car l’Histoire à elle seule ne suffit pas à rendre compte des événements, il lui faut aussi les mémoires, et il y a souvent une différence importante entre ceux qui racontent cette Histoire – les migrations en sont un thème majeur – et ceux qui la vivent. Le cinéma, comme la littérature ont cette spécificité de faire ressentir au lecteur ou au spectateur des situations, des sentiments, des émotions. À travers une expérience esthétique, nous sommes plus à même de comprendre les problèmes, et à défaut de pouvoir les résoudre, d’en avoir au moins conscience, comme en psychanalyse
Today, more than ever, immigration is one of the most debated issues. It is systematically the subject of the electoral campaigns of the host countries and reveals a growing unease in the countries of origin of the immigrants. This uneasiness, which has especially emerged after decolonization, shows how difficult it is for most countries of the South to gain real sovereignty. The youth of these countries then feel a sense of disappointment and melancholy comparable to the spleen experienced by the French Romantics in the post-revolutionary period. The journey to a fantasy elsewhere then becomes a way both to escape and survive this world. In the nineteenth century, it was the Orient that seemed fascinating, especially in the so-called orientalist literature. Today, however, the trend seems to have reversed to give rise to cinematographic Occidentalism.Immigration presupposes a departure: emigration, settling or settlement: immigration proper; and sometimes even a return: "remigration". Each of these aspects has particular underlying issues and are not necessarily related to each other. They are widely investigated in sociological, political or even economic studies. But these studies are not intended to introduce us to the inner thinking of those who live these situations. Because History alone is not enough to account for events, it also needs memories, and there is often a significant difference between those who tell this History - migration is a major theme - and those who live it. Cinema and literature have this specificity of making the reader or the spectator feel the situations, the feelings and the emotions. Through an aesthetic experience, we are much abler to understand the problems. Though we may fail to fully solve these problems, we can at least be aware of them, as is the case in psychoanalysis

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Brownback, Paul (Paul Eldon). "Effects of Gold Sodium Thiomalate on Murine Spleen Cells". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500436/.

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The effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on murine spleen cells were investigated using in vitro mitogen blastogenesis techniques. Addition of GST to intact spleen cells resulted in a decreased blastogenic response to the T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). Thymidine uptake of spleen cells depleted of macrophages and cultured with Con A and GST demonstrated biphasic effects. At 2.5 pg Con A/ml, blastogenesis of macrophage depleted spleen cells was inhibited to a lesser degree than intact spleen cells; whereas, at 0.5 pg Con A/ml, the macrophage depleted spleen cells were inhibited to a greater degree than the intact spleen cells. Addition of GST at intervals ranging from 0 to 48 hours indicated that inhibition occurred within 36 hours following mitogen stimulation. These results suggest that GST inhibits early events of lymphocyte activation by direct interaction with lymphocytes.

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You, Yuying. "Cross-talk between marginal zone B cells and marginal zone macrophages". Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/you.pdf.

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Libri sul tema "Spleen"

Moore, Olive. Spleen. Normal, IL: Dalkey Archive Press, 1996.

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Baudelaire, Charles. Paris spleen. London: Alma Classics LTD, 2010.

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Watson, John. Spleen ventilator. [U.K: The author], 1988.

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1930-, Baccelli Monique, e Porcu Marc 1953-, a cura di. Saudade & spleen. Paris: F. Lanore, 2000.

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Almeida, Bernardo Pinto de. Hotel spleen. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 2003.

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Bernardo Frey Pinto de Almeida. Hotel spleen. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 2003.

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Al-Salem, Ahmed H. The Spleen. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6191-7.

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1926-, Ellis Harold, a cura di. The Spleen. Austin, Tex: Silvergirl, 1988.

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Bowdler, Anthony J., a cura di. The Complete Spleen. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-124-4.

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Baudelaire, Charles. Spleen De Paris. Paris, France: Le Livre de poche, 1999.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Spleen"

Skandalakis, Lee J., e John E. Skandalakis. "Spleen". In Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 605–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8563-6_15.

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O’Malley, Dennis P., e Attilio Orazi. "Spleen". In Essentials of Anatomic Pathology, 467–91. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-173-8_10.

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Pickuth, Dirk. "Spleen". In Essentials of Ultrasonography, 111–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79579-4_7.

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Hruban, Ralph H., William H. Westra, Timothy H. Phelps e Christina Isacson. "Spleen". In Surgical Pathology Dissection, 196–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2548-3_38.

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Lefor, Alan T., e Edward H. Phillips. "Spleen". In Surgery, 763–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57282-1_34.

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Roussel, C., S. Dokmak, Thierry J. Molina e P. Buffet. "Spleen". In Encyclopedia of Pathology, 461–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95309-0_3826.

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Augustin, Goran. "Spleen". In Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy, 299–324. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05422-3_9.

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Santry, Heena P. "Spleen". In Penetrating Trauma, 423–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49859-0_54.

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O’Malley, Dennis P., e Yuri Fedoriw. "Spleen". In Essentials of Anatomic Pathology, 791–819. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23380-2_16.

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Semelka, Richard C., e Hani B. Marcos. "Spleen". In Abdominal and Pelvic MRI, 51–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18194-8_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Spleen"

Miglierini, M., J. Dekan, M. Kopani, A. Lancok, J. Kohout e M. Cieslar. "Iron in spleen tissues". In MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY IN MATERIALS SCIENCE - 2012: Proceedings of the International Conference MSMS-12. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4759478.

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Merrill, M., e A. K. Levy. "A Strange Ex-Spleen-Ation". In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1650.

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Gagulaeva, B. B., e N. V. Yaglova. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPLENIC LYMPHOID LINEAGES IN RATS PRENATALLY AND POSTNATALLY EXPOSED TO THE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR DDT". In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. LLC Institute Information Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-3-8.44-48.

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Impact of the endocrine disruptor DDT on prenatal and postnatal development of the spleen was investigated. Low-dose exposure to DDT was found not to affect spleen growth, but dis-turbed differentiation lymphoid cell lineages.

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Urh, Marko, e Alenka baggia. "Spletne strani fakultet Univerze v Mariboru z vidika spletne optimizacije". In Organizations at Innovation and Digital Transformation Roundabout. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-388-3.68.

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Spletna stran je ogledalo sodobne organizacije, tudi izobraževalne ustanove. Dobro narejena spletna stran, ki vključuje moderne tehnike in metode spletne optimizacije je bolj privlačna, vidna ne le za spletne uporabnike temveč avtomatizirane programe oziroma skripte, ki jih imenujemo spletni pajki. V prispevku z vidika spletne optimizacije analiziramo spletne strani fakultet Univerze v Mariboru. Spletne strani fakultet so izrednega pomena, saj njihovi uporabniki kot so študenti, profesorjih, poslovni partnerji in drugi, vsakodnevno iščejo različne informacije. Zavedati se moramo, da imajo fakultete konkurenco zunaj univerze, zato morajo redno skrbeti za svoj ugled na spletu. Namen prispevka je opozoriti na pomanjkljivosti posameznih spletnih strani in s tem ponuditi vpogled v priložnosti za izboljšave. V prispevku je opisan koncept spletne optimizacije, analiza spletnih strani fakultet po 5 osnovnih segmentih optimizacije ter podani zaključki s priporočili za izboljšavo.

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Pavel, Ecaterina. "A Linguistic and Cultural History of the Spleen in the Romanophone Europe". In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.4-1.

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The history of the words inherited from Latin and Greek shows how various semantic fields and classes of lexemes have ensured the unity of the Romance languages. Among them are the anatomical terms referring to body parts, organs, and functions. However, a â€œmysteriousâ€ organ (Haque, A. 2006) has had separate and sinuous evolutions and a surprising transformation: the spleen. From the theory of humours to Baudelaireâ€™s poetic spleen, the term has known multiple transfigurations both in the linguistic and the cultural fields and has developed additional meanings over time. The present study is a diachronic review of the evolution of the term designating the anatomical spleen in the Romance languages and an incursion into the ancillary traditions and beliefs that have shaped its semantic fluctuations in different regions of Europe. Several concepts from medical anthropology will also be investigated, such as various interpretations of the spleen function and processes over time or medical approaches shaped by the cultural and historical settings.

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Camargo, Luana Cristina, Joao Paulo Figueiro Longo, Karen Letycia Rodrigues de Paiva, Marina Mesquita Simões, Thais Bergmann e Victor Carlos Mello da Silva. "Immunotherapy vaccines for triple-negative breast cancer and its influence on the tumor microenvironment". In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1024.

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Objective: Cancer is still a complex and debilitating disease even though advances in treatment have occurred. Triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and occurs more frequently in young women. Due to its metastatic features and unique tumor microenvironment, TNBC treatment is limited. In this study, we evaluated how three chemotherapy drugs could be used to produce vaccines with cells under immunogenic cell death. Methodology: For that, 4T1-luc2 cells were treated with cisplatin (100 μM), mitoxantrone (MTX) (15 μM), and doxorubicin (DOX) (50 μM) for 24 h. Then, the treated cells were injected subcutaneously in tumor-bearing Balb/c female mice, after the tumor challenge. The treatment occurred three times, once a week. During and after the treatment, primary tumor and metastatic progression were followed using the chemiluminescence technique. After 5 weeks of the tumor challenge, mice were euthanized and organs (liver, tumor, lungs, and spleen) were collected for analysis. Additionally, the spleens were processed for flow cytometry for regulatory T lymphocyte and myeloid-derived suppressor cells analysis. Results: Cisplatin and MTX vaccines slowed the primary and metastatic tumor growth as well as the decreased tumor, liver, and spleen weight, while the DOX vaccine slowed the metastatic tumor progression in the lungs but did not alter tumor and other organs’ weight. Moreover, cisplatin and MTX vaccine increased the ratio of lymphocytes in the spleen but not the DOX vaccine. All comparison was done regarding the tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS. Conclusion: Taken together, both MTX and cisplatin vaccines treated primary and secondary tumors probably by the increase of lymphocyte recruitment, and the cisplatin vaccine also has an influence on the tumor microenvironment. Finally, the therapeutical vaccine might be an interesting approach as a treatment for TNBC due to its positive effect on metastasis and tumor microenvironment, especially with cisplatin.

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Canty, Niofa, Aoife Branagan, Evanne O’Halloran, Hillary Stokes e Michael B. O’Neill. "P82 In pursuit of a wandering spleen". In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.437.

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Arlashkina, O. M., G. Yu Struchko, L. M. Merkulova, M. N. Mikhailova e O. Yu Kostrova. "Effect of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine on Spleen Immunomorpholog". In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being in Modern Society (ICHW 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichw-19.2019.3.

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Магомедова, Саадат Магомедовна, Руслан Абдусаламович Омаркадиев, Адиюллах Фейзулахович Габибуллаев e Роза Султановна Султанова. "LAPAROSCOPIC APLATIZATION OF LIVER AND SPLEEN CYSTS". In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ "Нацразвитие" (Санкт-Петербург, Март 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/mar196.2022.18.63.006.

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В литературе широко дискутируются вопросы использования миниинвазивных технологий при паразитарных и непаразитарных кистозных образованиях печени и селезенки. Если при непаразитарных кистозных образованиях проведение хирургического лечения в миниинвазивном варианте у хирургов считается приемлемым, то при эхинококковых кистах до сих пор сохраняется негативное отношение к выполнению эхинококкэктомии в малоинвазивном варианте. Связано это с опасностью обсеменения зародышевыми элементами паразита брюшной полости ввиду невозможности абсолютного соблюдения принципа апаразитарности метод аплатизации кистозных образований печени и селезёнки является наиболее подходящим в выполнении лапароскопического варианта. Некоторые вопросы успешной реализации данной методики ещё до конца не решены и являются актуальными. The use of minimally invasive technologies in parasitic and non-parasitic cystic formations of the liver and spleen is widely discussed in the literature. If in case of non-parasitic cystic formations surgical treatment in a minimally invasive variant is considered acceptable by surgeons, then in hydatid cysts there is still a negative attitude towards performing echinococcectomy in a minimally invasive variant. This is due to the danger of contamination with the germinal elements of the parasite in the abdominal cavity due to the impossibility of absolute observance of the principle of aparasitism, the method of aplatization of cystic formations of the liver and spleen is the most suitable in the implementation of the laparoscopic variant. Some issues of the successful implementation of this technique have not yet been fully resolved and are relevant.

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Rhyne, Ashley C., F. Scott Gayzik, Daniel P. Moreno e Joel D. Stitzel. "Methods for Comparison of Liver and Spleen Location in the Supine and Upright Positions of the 50th Percentile Male". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80347.

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The location and shape variation of the liver and spleen due to postural changes has implications in the prediction of blunt abdominal trauma via computational models or other human surrogates. Although abdominal injuries occur in only 3–5% of injuries in car crashes, they are often seen in serious crashes with AIS≥4 injuries. The location and shape variation of the liver and spleen due to postural changes are likely to play a role in the severity of injury, as a result of rib coverage and location. One means of studying this variation is through computational modeling for impact biomechanics studies. This study reviews the methods used to quantify variation in the location of the liver and the spleen relative to surrounding bony structures for two different postures, supine and seated. Through the use of various imaging modalities three-dimensional datasets depicting the affect of posture change on the size and shape of the liver and spleen can be investigated through three-dimensional renderings and center of gravity measurements.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Spleen"

Agarwal, Dr Ashna Ashish, e Dr Seema Goel. A RARE CASE OF ISOLATED HYDATID CYST IN SPLEEN. World Wide Journals, febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/0906217.

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INTRODUCTION: Hydatid Cyst is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval form of parasite tapeworm Ecchinococcus granulosus. It is most commonly found in liver and rarely found in the spleen. It presents with vague symptoms and usually grows slowly. In this report we describe a rare advanced presentation of a splenic echinococcosis mimicking malignancy. CASE REPORT: A 16yr old female patient presenting with complaints of pain in left lumbar region since three months. Preliminary examination showed splenomegaly with tenderness. Abdominal CT scan showed evidence of well dened, round peripherally enhancing Hypodense lesion in spleen likely splenic abscess. After clinical and radiological evaluation splenectomy was done and respected spleen along with cyst was sent for histopathological examination. Splenic abscess, abdominal tuberculosis and a Conclusion- bdominal malignancy were considered clinically in differential diagnosis. Histopathology helped to reach a nal diagnosis of splenic echinococcosis which is a very rare presentation.

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Hang, Kuan, Junjie Xiong e Kezhou Li. Spleen Vessels Preserving versus Warshaw’s Technique in Spleen Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0108.

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Cook-Mills, Joan M., Hidayatulla G. Munshi, Robert L. Perlman e Donald A. Chambers. Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Suppresses Modulation of Mouse Spleen T- Cell Activation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237464.

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Monson, Melissa S., Michael G. Kaiser e Susan J. Lamont. Gene Expression Responses to Infection with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Chicken Spleen. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-329.

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Abasht, Behnam, Michael G. Kaiser, Jan van der Pool e Susan J. Lamont. Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression in Cecum and Spleen of Chicks Challenged with Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-145.

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Li, Wenjing, Ziyu Kuang e Feng Jiang. Meta-analysis of the therapeutic effect on primary liver cancer treated with Spleen strengthening method combined with western medicine treatment. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.1.0043.

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Peng, Yuxuan, Lu Li, Yuting Pan, Qing Ye, Weiyin Chen, Min He, Xueping Yang e Bibo Lu. Reinforcing spleen and kidney method of Traditional Chinese Medicine for myasthenia gravis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0011.

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Li, Lu, Jiachun Lu, BiBo Lu, Yuxuan Peng, Yuting Pan, Qing Ye, Min He et al. Tonifying Spleen and Replenishing Kidney method of Traditional Chinese Medicine for myasthenia gravis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.1.0097.

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Jiang, Li, Peng Xu, DongMei Zhang, Jing Lu, TianYing Chang, YiBin Zhang e Jian Wang. Treatment of myasthenia gravis with the method of tonifying spleen and replenishing qi in traditional Chinese medicine：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0053.

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Erdman, Richard, Geoffrey Dahl, Hanina Barash, Israel Bruckental, Avi Shamay e Anthony Capuco. Management Strategies to Maximize Skeletal Growth Rate in Dairy Heifers. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695848.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and added dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on organ and tissue weights and body composition in growing dairy heifers. A total of 32 Holstein heifers, 3 months of age at the beginning of the study were used in the experiment. Eight heifers were slaughtered at 3 mo of age to determine pre- treatment body composition. The remaining heifers were randomly assigned to treatments (n=6) consisting of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP (dry matter basis) applied in a 2X2 factorial design. A total of six heifers per treatment group (3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age), were slaughtered to determine body composition an organ masses. There was a trend for increased live and empty body weights (EB:W), carcass and non-carcass components for heifers treated with bST or fed RUP. Added RUP increased rumen and reticulum weights whereas administration of bST tended to increase the weights of small and large intestine at 10 months of age by 22 % and 26%, respectively. Spleen, heart, and kidney weights at 10 months of age were increased 36%, 28% and 23% for bST treatments respectively, compared with controls. Rates of ash and protein deposition between 3 and 10 months of age were increased by bST by 7.2 g/d and 28.9 g/d, respectively, while no treatment differences were observed for rates of fat and energy deposition. Bovine somatotropin significantly altered the metabolism of growing heifers in a manner that led to increased protein and ash deposition, and tended to reduce fat percentage, and there was a similar tendency observed with added RUP. This suggests that nutritional and endocrine manipulations could increase growth rates of skeletal and lean tissues without increasing fat deposition in prepubertal dairy heifers.

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