Articoli di riviste: "Speech disorders in children – patients and family relationships"

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Calcaterra, Valeria, Laura Schneider, Stefano Baresi, Francesca Bodini, Federica Bona, Claudia Chillemi, Annalisa De Silvestri, Sara Zanelli e Gianvincenzo Zuccotti. "Specific Learning Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Obesity". Children 10, n. 10 (24 settembre 2023): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101595.

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Specific learning disorders (SLDs) are the most frequently diagnosed developmental disorders in childhood. Different neurocognitive patterns have been found in patients with overweight and obesity, but no data on childhood obesity and SLDs have been reported. To increase our understanding of the relationship between neuropsychological developmental and obesity, we assessed the prevalence of SLD in a pediatric population with obesity. We retrospectively included 380 children and adolescents with obesity. For all participants, auxological, metabolic, demographic features, relationship and social skills, anamnestic data on pregnancy and the perinatal period, stages of development and family medical history were reviewed. SLD was defined according to the DSM-5 criteria. A group of 101 controls of normal weight was included. The overall prevalence of SLD was 10.8%, and SLD was more prevalent in patients with obesity (p < 0.001), with male predominance (p = 0.01). SGA was associated with SLD (p = 0.02). Speech retardation (p < 0.001), limited relationships with peers (p < 0.001) and didactic support (p < 0.001) were noted in the SLD group compared to the group without SLD. A higher prevalence of family history of neuropsychiatric disorders was observed in the SLD group (p = 0.04). A higher fasting glucose level was detected in patients with obesity and SLD compared to subjects without SLD (p = 0.01). An association between obesity and SLD could not be excluded, and an overlap of pathogenic factors for both conditions should be considered.

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Baccouche, K., A. Walha, I. Hadjkacem, W. Kammoun, I. Hariz, H. Ayadi, Y. Moalla e F. Ghribi. "Social and family characteristics of children with stuttering in Tunisia". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (aprile 2017): S444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.456.

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IntroductionStuttering constitutes for children a psychological and social disability, in which the environmental context plays an important role in the installation, stabilization and aggravation or attenuation.ObjectiveOur study aims to describe the socio-familial characteristics of children with stuttering.Patients and methodsThis is a descriptive and analytical-retrospective study carried out on 80 children with stuttering and had been followed-up in the child psychiatry department of UMC Hédi Chaker Sfax (Tunisia) for more than 3 years (January 2012 to 31 December 2013).ResultsIn our study, the prevalence of stuttering in child psychiatry consultation department of Sfax is 4%. Most of the patients were either the youngest (36.25% of cases) or seniors (35% of cases).Personal history of speech disorder had been reported in 8 children (10% of cases). Family history of speech disorder was reported in 33.75% of cases. These disorders had been kind of stuttering in 60.66% of cases, speech delay in 18.52% of cases and sound speech disorder in 7.41% of cases.The parent–child relationship is marked by a parental rigidity in 18.6% of cases. The existence of triggering factor was noted in 37.5% of cases: traumatic situation (30% of cases), the birth of a younger sibling (22% case).ConclusionThe emergence and evolution of stuttering depend on predisposing, precipitating and chronicisants factors. Identifying these factors and adopting a favorable parental attitude contribute to the fight against stuttering in children and, at least, avoid aggravation and chronicity of this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Levitina, E. V., M. U. Kolchanova, O. A. Rakhmanina e E. B. Hramova. "Structure of comorbide disorders in ticose hyperkinesis in children". Medical Science And Education Of Ural 21, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2020): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36361/1814-8999-2020-21-4-72-74.

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Purpose. To study the structure of comorbid disorders in children with tycotic hyperkinesis of the city of Tyumen. Materials and methods. We examined 103 children aged 5 to 14 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – local tics (n = 43), group 2 – common tics (n = 60). All patients received anticitotic therapy. Using various scales and questionnaires, an assessment of tic hyperkinesis, the level of anxiety, a study of the rational, emotional and behavioral components of the relationship between parents and a child, an investigation of the emotional sphere, and neuropsychological testing were carried out. Results. Manifestations of ticks contribute to various stressful situations, school adaptation stress. The tics are intensified by emotional overstrain, mental overwork, eye strain. A risk factor for the formation of tic hyperkinesis is family education by the type of symbiosis and hypersocialization. Comorbid disorders in patients with ticose hyperkinesis in most cases are represented by ADHD, anxiety, the prevalence of a combination of stress with pathological compensation, and the presence of a headache. The neuropsychological plan revealed impaired attention, auditory-speech and visual memory, and writing. Conclusion. Identified comorbid disorders in children with tic hyperkinesis significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, disrupts their social adaptation and require timely correction.

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Perunova, N. Yu, M. Yu Bobylova e T. M. Prygunova. "Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 5 in children on the example of 5 cases". Russian Journal of Child Neurology 15, n. 1 (19 maggio 2020): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2020-15-1-47-61.

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Neurodegenerative disease with brain iron accumulation type 5 (OMIM: 300894) manifests itself with early-onset epilepsy, mental retardation with stereotypies that resemble Rett syndrome, and motor disorders under the mask of cerebral palsy in childhood; since adolescence, patients usually have aggravation of parkinsonism and develop complications, such as torsion dystonia. We analyzed medical records of 5 female patients aged between 2.5 and 6 years. There were no family relationships between patients’ families. All children had problems with their motor skills: 4 out of 5 patients could only crawl; none of them could walk independently. We also observed severe speech disorders in these patients: they had no expressive speech along with reduced understanding of speech. Their behavior was characterized by contact disorders and multiple stereotypies. All children had no self-service skills. The assessment of neurological status demonstrated uniform symmetrical paresis (score 3–4; 100 % of cases), increased muscle tone of the extrapyramidal type (40 % of cases), and diffuse muscle hypotension with ataxia (40 % of cases). One patient (with autistic-like behavior) had no motor disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging showed non-specific changes in 100 % of cases (diffuse cortical / subcortical atrophy, secondary hydrocephalus ex vacuo). One patient was found to have hypointense signal in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus on follow-up T2‑weighted magnetic resonance images obtained at the age of 6 years. All patients presented with epilepsy: West syndrome (n = 1), Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (n = 1), focal epilepsy with asymmetric tonic seizures (n = 1), and focal epilepsy with febrile generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 2). Remission for more than 1 year was achieved in 4 out of 5 patients. The following electroencephalographic patterns were identified before treatment initiation: hypsarrhythmia with transformation into epilepsy with a pattern of continued spike-and-wave activity during sleep (n = 1), multi-regional epileptiform activity with a tendency to diffuse spread and predominance in the frontal region (n = 3), and regional epileptiform activity in the frontocentral area (n = 1). The initial therapy with first-line drugs was highly effective and ensured remission in 3 patients; one patient had remission in response to hormone therapy; one patient continued to have seizures despite polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs. Interictal epileptiform activity was completely blocked by treatment in 2 cases; the rest of the patients had transformation of epilepsy into benign epileptiform discharges of childhood (n = 3).

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Oksana, Voitovych, Kozliuk Olha, Kosarieva Oksana, Marchuk Galyna e Stepanova Olga. "Humanistic approach towards education of preschool children with developmental speech and language disorders". Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação 13, n. 32 (13 dicembre 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v13i32.14958.

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Changing approaches towards education of preschool children with developmental speech and language disorders occurs due to systemic pressure from government policy, which includes the development of inclusive education, the promotion of multidisciplinary cooperation in the development of policies and educational practices. Differentiation, personalization and integration of children with special educational needs are trends that indicate the humanization of education. Based on the analysis of scientific publications on the issues of therapy (treatment) and education of preschool children with developmental speech and language disorders for 2000-2019, key trends in education have been identified. The academic paper summarizes the experience of involving parents in the treatment of children. The importance of increasing parents’ awareness concerning the peculiarities of children with developmental speech and language disorders has been identified. The effectiveness of family-centered practice in education compared to usual practice has been proven. It has been determined that the humanistic approach should include the principle of involvement of all subjects of education of children with developmental speech and language disorders. Family-centered practice is a form of humanistic approach to education, where there is a division of responsibilities and reducing the burden on preschool teachers in the upbringing and education of such children. The features of a humanistic approach to education determine the individual approach to therapy and education. This approach is complemented by differentiated and personalized approaches. It has been determined that home speech sound disorder treatment is effective due to the formation of the natural environment, which contributes to the formation of positive relationships between children developmental speech and language disorders and parents.

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Wadsworth, Steven, Christine Maui e Erin Stevens. "The prevalence of orofacial myofunctional disorders among children identified with speech and language disorders in grades kindergarten through six". International Journal of Orofacial Myology 24, n. 1 (1 novembre 1998): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1998.24.1.1.

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The incidence of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) has been investigated in several populations, including the general population, orthodontic patients, preschool children, and elementary school children. However, there has not been a systematic study of the prevalence of OMO among school children receiving speech and language services through the public schools. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has recognized a need for basic descriptive research regarding the various components of OMO and the interaction of those components with each other and with speech and language disorders. Therefore, the present study was designed to: 1) provide data regarding the incidence rates of OMO among children identified with speech and language disorders in grades kindergarten through six, and 2) investigate possible correlational relationships between the presence of various components of OMO with each other and with the presence of speech and/or language disorders. Two hundred children in grades kindergarten through six from various school districts in Fresno County, California were tested for the presence of various OMO components through examination of the orofacial complex. The resulting data was subjected to statistical analysis to determine the percentages of occurrence, and the possible relationships among various OMO variables were explored through cross tabulations and the Pearson Chi-square formula.

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Potylicina, V., e V. Lyubicheva. "Peculiarities of Relationships in a Family with a Preschool Child with General Speech Underdevelopment". Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 12, n. 4 (11 gennaio 2024): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-1731-2024-12-4-77-84.

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The article is devoted to the problem of relationships in families raising children with speech disorders. It presents the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of the parenting style in the family, the attitude of parents towards a child with speech impairments, as well as the attitude of the child towards adults in the family. The drawings of parents and children are examined and compared, and a description of each detail in the drawing is given. The results of the child's choice are analyzed when comparing the color and order of the card with the parent. Based on the experiment, conclusions and a way to solve this problem were reflected.

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Horopakha, Nataliia, Olha Shadiuk, Nadiia Frolenkova, Olena Sotska e Anzhela Proseniuk. "Cooperation with Parents on Environmental Education of Preschool Children with Speech Disorders". Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, n. 5 (20 ottobre 2021): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.05.4.

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This article presents a comprehensive pedagogical technology for correctional and developmental work with parents and their preschool children with speech disorders. The purpose of this article is also to consider the change in parents' attitude to the environmental education of a child with speech disorders. The project is designed to involve parents and increase their interest in the environmental education of preschoolers with speech disorders. It is investigated to what extent the involvement of parents and teachers in joint research projects increases competencies in terms of knowledge, abilities, and attitudes to educational processes. The article uses several methods of synthesis and analysis in research. The descriptive method and the experimental method were also used. The hypothesis is that using a comprehensive program involving parents for research and experimental activities in environmental education of preschool children with speech disorders promotes the more successful acquisition of knowledge about nature, improves therapy, and strengthens family relationships. In technology, attention is paid to the actual educational activities and the reflection of teachers' and parents' internal structures of competencies. The presented technology systematizes the instrumental-methodical, expressive (behavioral) aspects of teaching and raising a child with speech disorders and provides a universal basis for any intervention program to change attitudes and involve parents in educational work.

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Volgina, S. Ya, A. R. Ahmetova, L. K. Shaidukova, N. V. Zhurkova e G. A. Kulakova. "The role of risk factors in the development of speech and language disorders in preschool children". Kazan medical journal 102, n. 4 (8 agosto 2021): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2021-537.

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The article provides an overview of modern literature on the risk factors for the development of speech and language, which can be taken into account by pediatricians when forming a high-risk group of the corresponding contingent of preschool children. The leading risk factor for the development of speech/language disorders in children is childhood developmental brain disorders that arose in the prenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period of a child's life, which is often found in children with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and after head injuries. The occurrence of disorders is greatly influenced by anatomical defects in the speech apparatus, requiring timely surgical correction, and hearing loss. Impairment or absence of speech/language in children is common causes for visiting a psychiatrist, which is observed in autistic spectrum disorders (including autism), elective mutism, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Many genetic factors which are often found in patients with other hereditary diseases (chromosome disorders, monogenic hereditary diseases, inherited metabolic diseases, genetic speech disorders) play a special role in the development of speech/language and are associated with developmental disorders, intellectual disability and behavioral deviations. Finally, social factors such as socioeconomic status and social structure of the family, family conflict, pedagogical neglect, child abuse and prolonged use of modern digital devices throughout the day contribute to speech/language development disorders in preschool children. Analysis of the causes of speech/language pathology is of great practical importance for improving the management strategy aimed at preventing the manifestation of the disorders in children.

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Galiullina, L. K., e D. M. Mendelevich. "Mental disorders with voice disorders". Neurology Bulletin XXXIV, n. 1-2 (15 aprile 2002): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb87575.

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The first mention of the relationship of voice disorders with the mental state of a person was made back in 1890 by F.E. Ingals, who viewed aphonia as a form of hysteria. R. Jane in 1920. in his work "The main symptoms of hysteria" he considered "sudden paralysis or loss of voice" as one of the "salutary ways out of the situation", when patients can show "a perverse attitude towards reality through the demonstration of their incapacity." D.K. Wilson (1990) notes the influence of a person's mental state on such parameters of a voice as loudness, pitch, pitch variation and voice quality. Curtis (1967) considered one of the causes of voice disorders in children to be poor adaptability to the environment and poor relationships between parents and children, lack of mutual understanding in interpersonal contacts. According to Andrews (1988), when testing patients with vocal disorders, a significant increase in the so-called cases of "conflict in expressing one's feelings through speech" was found.

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Mulk, Md Amir Ul, Wahida Khanam, Mohammad Ahad Adnan, Uttam Kumar Datta, Md Obaydur Rahman, Md Iqbal Hossain e Biplob Biswas. "Factors Associated with Speech and Language Disorder in Children Attending Child Development Center of a Tertiary Care Hospital". Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 11, n. 05 (31 maggio 2023): 976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i05.029.

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Background: Speech and language disorders are amongst the most common developmental difficulties. The current study was aimed to identify the factors associated with speech and language disorder in children attending a child development center. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was carried out at Saleh Child Development & Disability Management Centre of ICMH, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. Children with speech and language disorder attending the speech clinic were enrolled. According to complaints of parents and confirmed by a multidisciplinary team, cases were selected purposively and after taking consent a pre-tested questionnaire was filled up by a face-to-face interview. Results: Among participating children majority belonged to age group 4-5 years with male predominance. Almost three fourth patients came from nuclear family. History of perinatal asphyxia and neonatal seizure were found in 9(31.0%) and 8(27.6%) cases, respectively. Majority 28(96.6%) mother was primary care giver. Family history of speech delay was seen in 15(51.7%). Most of the children view TV/play computer games > 2 hours/day. Majority had first meaninful word at 23-36 month and parents had identified speech dealy on 25-36 months. 14 children had poor chewing and 2 had drooling. Majority (37.9%) children were delayed receptive, 13(44.8%) were delayed expressive, 9(31.0%) were both delayed receptive and expressive and 5(17.2%) were stammering. Conclusion: Male gender, care giver other than mother, nuclear family, perinatal asphyxia, neonatal complications, family history of speech delay, TV/Computer/Tab watching >2 hrs were associated with speech and language disorder.

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Memon, Sikander Munir, Bhawna Devi Lohana, Baby Bai Lohana, Rutesh Kumar, Anita Kumari, Haris Samoo, Vimal Kumar e Sehrish Rehman. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Speech and Language Disorders in Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Study In a Pediatric Rehabilitation Ward". Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, n. 1 (11 marzo 2024): 1198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.617.

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Background: Speech and language disorders in young children can have substantial impacts on their social, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors associated with these disorders is crucial for early intervention and effective treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of speech and language disorders in young children presenting to a Pediatric Rehabilitation Ward, to identify the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with these conditions, and to evaluate the therapy patterns utilized in management. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Rehabilitation Ward of Liaquat University Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro Hospital, from May to August 2022. A total of 400 patients, aged 2-10 years and diagnosed with speech-language disorders by a psychiatrist, were included through non-probability convenience sampling. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, therapy patterns, and diagnostic information were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The study found that language delay was the most prevalent disorder, affecting 61.8% of the children. Males were more frequently affected (68.5%). Seizures were the most commonly reported medical condition in the sample (18.5%). The mean age at diagnosis was 3.58 years. A considerable number of children (38.0%) had a positive family history of speech-language disorders. Socioeconomic analysis revealed that a majority of the children (68%) came from middle-class families. The study also found that combined speech and behavioral therapy was the most common treatment approach (28.8%). Conclusion: Language delay is the most common speech-language disorder among children in this study, with a higher prevalence in males and those from middle-class families. Early detection and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, including both speech and behavioral therapy, are imperative for effective management.

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Sidenkova, A. "The structure of the cognitive reserve in Alzheimer’s disease". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (aprile 2021): S721—S722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1911.

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IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease is common among the modern population. Emotional support for caregivers and a stable social role contribute to the maintenance of cognitive resources in Alzheimer’s.ObjectivesTo investigate the protective mechanisms that protect the brain from premature agingMethodsClinical, sociologicalResultsViolations of the higher cerebral functions of speech, gnosis, praxis are the neuropsychological basis for the development of psychological symptoms of dementia. Speech disorders, gnosis disorders contribute to the formation of painful ideas, perception disorders, eating disorders and affective symptoms. The level of functional activity is low and does not depend on the state of severe microsocial dementia, total aphasia and apraxia. The social, work, family and marital status of caregivers for patients with moderate to severe dementia is declining. An increase in the degree of dementia can reduce the functional activity of the caregiver. Caregivers often suffer from neurotic, affective and other mental disorders. A person with dementia plays a subordinate role in the family. Changing roles in the family occurs when the patient has delusion, agitation / aggression, anxiety, unstable mood / irritability. In these cases, the interpersonal distance in the “care-patient” pair increases. Caregivers have a high level of emotional involvement in the care process. A change in the role of the family, a change in place of residence, and a high level of “expressive” emotions of the guardian negatively affect the formation of psychosis, anxiety and aberrant behavior in patients with dementia. Microsocial factors influence cognitive retention in dementiaConclusionsProtective psychosocial factors strengthen the cognitive reserveDisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Gholamiyan Arefi, Mohadese, Sediqe Safaeyan, Hamideh Ghaemi, Ghazaleh Balouchian, Mohaddeseh Dabirian, Moones Rezaei, Leila Ezazi, Hamid Heidarian Miri e Davood Sobhani-Rad. "Speech and Reading Disorders Screening, and Problems in Structure and Function of Articulation Organs in Children in Mashhad City, Iran". Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 20, n. 3 (1 settembre 2022): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1656.1.

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Objectives: Investigating the prevalence of speech and language disorders and the contributing factors can help determine the best treatment options suited to the needs of these patients. So far, no comprehensive study has been conducted on screening speech and reading disorders and Problems in the Structure and Function of Articulation Organs (PSFAOs) in children in Mashhad City, Iran. This study aims to screen for these disorders and investigate the effects of demographic factors on such disorders. Methods: Via the stratified-cluster sampling method, 2770 native Persian-speaking children participated in this study, of whom 1381 were girls and 1389 were boys, ranging from preschool to the third grade (3 to 9 years old). After obtaining the demographic information, the PSFAOs screening was performed for all participants using a semi-structured questionnaire taken from Paul et al.’s report (2017). Screening for a grade of dysphonia was then carried out for children with suspected voice disorders using the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain test. Fluency of speech screening for children with suspected fluency disorders was performed using the stuttering severity instrument – fourth edition test, and screening of reading skills for school children was performed using the screening inventory reading test. Analytical analysis was performed via the Chi-square test between study variables, including disorders and other variables. Two types of logistic regression models were used. The data were analyzed using survey data analysis of the Stata software, version 14.1, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, PSFAOs, reading disorders, and multiple disorders (presence of two or more disorders per person) was 1.62%, 1.99%, 1.69%, 1.1%, 8.21%, and 14.89%, respectively. Descriptive analysis showed that the prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, and multiple disorders was higher in boys compared to girls (P=0.000), while the prevalence of reading disorders and PSFAOs was higher in girls (P=0.000). Furthermore, articulation disorders and reading disorders were more common in first-graders. The prevalence of voice disorders, stuttering, and PSFAOs were higher in the third graders. The logistic regression analysis showed that boys were more likely to develop speech and language disorders compared to girls (OR=1.3, P=0.01), and first-, second-, and third-graders were less likely to have such disorders when compared to preschoolers (OR=0.8, P=0.03). Discussion: Compared to previous studies, the different rates of prevalence of the disorders studied in this investigation are related to differences in their methodology, the number of samples, age, linguistic and cultural characteristics of the subjects, and individual factors. In this study, the prevalence of the studied disorders was higher in boys, first-graders, and children with families of 4 or more. The development of speech and language skills is different between genders; slower maturation of male brains seems to predispose them to slower development of speech skills. The lower prevalence in school-age children may be because these disorders gradually resolve during the early years of childhood. Moreover, low family socioeconomic status and family size may be the contributing factors to speech and language disorders.

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Kharchenko, Yevhen, e Liudmyla Komarnitska. "Psychological Peculiarities of Examination of Children with a Diagnosis of “Logoneurosis”, Complicated with Disorders of Sensory Sphere and Disorders of Perceptions". Collection of Research Papers "Problems of Modern Psychology" 59 (30 marzo 2023): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2023-59.51-72.

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The purpose of the research is to show psychological peculiarities of exami-nation of children with a diagnosis of “logoneurosis”, complicated with disorders of sensory sphere and disorders of perceptions.research methods. The research methods were the method of observa-tion and the empirical study of patients. The place of organizing the empirical stage of our research was the psychiatric hospital 1 in Kyiv. With the help of clini-cal, pathopsychological and anamnestic methods 86 children in the age of 312 years old (the average age is 8 ± 0.5 years old) with logoneurosis in anamnesis were diagnosed. the results of the research. We proved, that adverse conditions, which fa-cilitate logoneurosis, are: physically weakened children; age features of brain activity; accelerated development of speech (34 years old), when the child’s communicative, cognitive and regulatory functions are developed rapidly un-der the influence of communication with adults; hidden mental imbalance of a child, increased reactivity as a result of not quite normal relationships with others; a conflict between the peculiarities of the environment and the degree of its awareness; lack of positive emotional contacts between adults and children; insufficient development of motility, sense of rhythm, facial expressions and ar-ticulatory movements; disorders of sensory sphere of the person and disorders of perceptions.conclusions. The ability of a child with logoneurosis to present speech free-ly depends not only on varying degrees of independence, but also on his/her readiness. So, the speech therapist should trace the features of the appearance of speech spasms depending on whether the child utters a complex or simple phrases, individual words or sounds. On the material of retelling the texts, it is recorded in which cases speech convulsions take a place: only at the beginning of the story, at the beginning of phrases, by use of individual words or sounds. It is being investigated whether speech convulsions do not depend on the level of speech volume. For this purpose, the examinee is asked to speak quietly, loudly, in a whisper.

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V.V., Shevchuk. "SPECIFICITY OF INFLUENCE OF CHILDREN WITH COMPLEX DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ON MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THEIR FAMILIES". Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-4-23.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of a study of the impact of children with complex developmental disorders on the marital relationship of their parents.Methods. To achieve this goal and solve problems, the following psychodiagnostic tools were used: the scale “Marital Relations” according to the method “Incomplete sentences” and the scale of perception of self, marriage partner and other men and women according to the Semantic Differential of C.Osgood. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the reliability of the obtained data.Results. The study of marital relationships was conducted with 288 parents with children with complex developmental disorders (among them 152 raising children with complex speech and mental retardation and 136 parents of children with musculoskeletal disorders and oligophrenia), who formed the main group, and 184 parents of children without disabilities, who acted as a control group. According to the analysis of the research results, the following general characteristics can be distinguished:− marital relations in families with children with complex developmental disorders are less harmonious, less favorable, with a complicated intimate life and more tense compared to families raising children without developmental disabilities. Mothers of children with musculoskeletal disorders and oligophrenia show a particularly negative attitude towards marital relations, although their husbands consider them to be strong and active individuals;− self-esteem of mothers of children with complex developmental disorders is not homogeneous: underestimated - in those who raise a child with musculoskeletal disorders and oligophrenia and adequate - in women who have a child with complex speech defects and mental retardation;− men who raise children with complex developmental disorders also have low self-esteem, are not purposeful and less active than parents of children with normative development;− mothers and fathers explain their unrealized plans by failed marital and family relationships and their child’s shortcomings.Conclusions. The appearance in the family of a child with complex developmental disorders mainly has a negative effect on the marital relationship of parents, changing the perceptions of the couple about the environment, about themselves, each other and affects the relationship between them.Key words: child with complex developmental disorders, complex speech defects, oligophrenia, marital relations. Метою статті є висвітлення результатів дослідження особливостей впливу дітей із комплексними порушеннями розвитку на шлюбні стосунки їх батьків.Методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети та вирішення завдань використано такий психодіагностичний інструментарій: шкала «Подружні стосунки» за методикою «Незакінчені речення» і шкали сприймання себе, шлюбного партнера та інших чоловіків і жінок за семантичним диференціалом Ч. Осгуда. Для перевірки достовірності отриманих даних застосовувався критерій Манна-Уїтні.Результати. Дослідження шлюбних взаємин було проведене з 288 батьками, які мають дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку (серед них – 152 виховують дітей зі складними мовленнєвими вадами та розумовою відсталістю і 136 – із порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату та олігофренією), які склали основну групу, а також з 184 батьками дітей без вад розвитку, які виконували роль контрольної групи. За аналізом результатів дослідження можна виокремити такі загальні характеристики: – шлюбні стосунки у сім’ях, де є діти з комплексними порушеннями розвитку, менш гармонійні, менш сприятливі, з ускладненим інтимним життям та більш напружені порівняно із сім’ями, які виховують дітей без вад розвитку. Особливо виражене негативне ставлення до шлюбних стосунків демонструють матері дітей з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату та олігофренією, хоча чоловіки вважа-ють їх сильними та активними особистостями;– самооцінка матерів дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку є неоднорідною: занижена – у тих, які виховують дитину з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату та олігофренією, адекватна – у жінок, які мають дитину зі складними мовленнєвими вадами та розумовою відсталістю;– чоловіки, які виховують дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку, мають також занижену самооцінку, нецілеспрямовані та менш активні, ніж батьки дітей з нормативним розвитком;– матері та батьки пояснюють свої нереалізовані плани невдалими шлюбно-сімейними стосунками та вадами своєї дитини.Висновки. Поява в сім’ї дитини з комплексними порушеннями розвитку переважно негативно позначається на шлюбних стосунках батьків, змінюючи уявлення подружжя про оточення, себе, один одного, та впливає на взаємини між ними.Ключові слова: complex developmental disorders, complex speech disorders, oligophrenia, musculoskeletal disorders, marital relations.

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Li, Ka, e Rafat Ahmed. "Providing Primary Care to Children Diagnosed with Myosin Heavy Chain 9-Related Platelet Disorder: A Case Report and Review of Literature". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018): 5828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113967.

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Abstract Introduction: Myosin-heavy chain 9 (MYH9)-related platelet disorders are a group of rare inherited thrombocytopenias, encompassing four syndromes, such as May-Hegglin anomaly, Epstein syndrome, Fechtner syndrome and Sebastian platelet syndrome. Typically diagnosed in adulthood, this disorder presents with chronic thrombocytopenia in all affected individuals with varying bleeding tendencies. Other clinical manifestations may include nephritis leading to end-stage renal disease, sensorineural hearing impairment and presenile cataracts. It is often misdiagnosed as autoimmune thrombocytopenia, which can lead to inappropriate treatment with corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin for many years before the correct diagnosis is made.1 This case report describes the unique role of a pediatric hematologist to facilitate multidisciplinary care and services for a child diagnosed with MYH9-related disorder and illustrates the complex health care needs of this rare diagnosis in the pediatric populations. Case description: A 4-year-old girl of Mexican origin with a history of bilateral hearing loss and speech delay was first evaluated by audiology. Upon referral for a genetic evaluation, she was incidentally found to have asymptomatic thrombocytopenia. In the next four months, she received an extensive hematologic and infectious disease workup for the unexplained thrombocytopenia, while she was treated simultaneously for immune thrombocytopenia with corticosteroids or intravenous IgG. Neither of the interventions helped to normalize her persistently low platelet count (6,000-31,000), but instead led to sporadic intervals of undesirable weight gain and mood irritability. Further genetic testing with whole genome sequencing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant of MYH-9 mutation in the patient, who inherited the polymorphism from her father. Specifically, her variant exhibits complete penetrance for early-onset renal failure. As a result of the patient's platelet disorder and her frequent clinic visits to hematology, a close physician-patient relationship was developed thereafter. Her pediatric hematologist assumes the role of a primary care provider and coordinates multiple specialist visits to address her complex health care issues, including general pediatrics, speech therapy, audiology, otolaryngology, nephrology and medical genetics. Longitudinal care for this patient is mostly supportive: (1) platelet transfusion is required if she experiences any prolonged bleeding episodes; (2) prophylaxis with desmopressin is provided for dental and surgical procedures; (3) parents are counseled on child safety and limitations on major contact sports. Lastly, due to the identification of a pathogenic variant in both the patient and father, patient's brother and sister are both at increased risk of inheriting the platelet disorder. In our patient's case, since her family is limited by financial means for an evaluation with molecular testing, her siblings' platelet counts and sizes can be assessed instead with a CBC and peripheral blood smear. Discussion: The complexity of an inherited hematologic disorder involves multidisciplinary, longitudinal and lifelong care for optimal health care delivery and improved clinical outcomes. When approaching a pediatric patient diagnosed with a rare platelet disorder, the role of a hematologist becomes essential to be the primary care provider and to coordinate specialist visits for the patient without delays. Efficient care coordination with a focus on the patient's needs can avoid unnecessary duplication of tests and services.2 Children affected by rare genetic disorders, such as MYH-9 disorders, have complex unmet health needs and frequently experience unique barriers to care. Longitudinal surveillance is necessary to assess the progress of the MYH9 disease, and supportive care should be provided accordingly. References: Althaus, Karina, Greinacher, Andreas. MYH-9 Related Platelet Disorders: Strategies for Management and Diagnosis. Transfus Med Hemother, 2010 Lippe, Charlotte Von Der, et al. "Living with a Rare Disorder: a Systematic Review of the Qualitative Literature." Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine, vol. 5, no. 6, 2017, pp. 758-773., doi:10.1002/mgg3.315. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Sommers, Ronald K., Laura Fragapane e Karen Schmock. "Changes in Maternal Attitudes and Perceptions and Children's Communication Skills". Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, n. 2 (ottobre 1994): 851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.851.

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The present investigation had two purposes: (a) to assess significant changes in the attitudes and perceptions of mothers of young children who were enrolled in 15 wk. of individual speech-language therapy and (b) to compare changes in mothers' attitudes and perceptions with university supervisors' ratings of children's over-all communication skills and speech intelligibility. 17 children, ages 2;10 to 5;8, and their mothers were participants. Mothers received speech-language services and counseling from graduate-student clinicians and university clinical supervisors but no special counseling was provided to alter their attitudes and perceptions concerning the intervention process. The typical child in the intervention program received 24 individual speech and language therapy sessions. Mothers and supervisors completed questionnaires before and after the 15-wk. intervention. Neither group was made aware of the purpose of the investigation. Analysis showed a pattern of significant changes in mothers' pre- and postrankings of questionnaire items and significant changes in the total communication and speech intelligibility rankings made by supervisors. Significant relationships were found for changes in attitudes and perceptions of mothers and changes in the children's communication skills. The results bolster the need for use of family-based therapy approaches in intervention programs for young children's communication disorders.

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Guillemet, I., e B. Jackson. "Experiential Family Intervention for Children and Youth". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (giugno 2022): S744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1921.

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Introduction Reviews suggest that family interventions including family therapy are effective for a range of disorders in youth. Family sculpting is used in different clinical settings to help young patients, their parents and siblings when words are not enough. Objectives Participants will be able to understand the clinical relevance of family sculpting: shifting from discussions about family problems to physical representations of family dynamics and how to apply in their practice. Methods There will be a brief overview of the general principle of family sculpting followed by clinical vignettes of patients combined with videos of the intervention. These examples will guide the discussion on how relevant in our clinical work this therapeutic practice may be. This variation on sculpting incorporates theater warmup exercises and therapists joining the family experience. Results Family sculpting captures an immediate picture of the family dynamics that is a therapeutic turning point for families and gives voice to the children. The clinical cases and videos will guide clinicians on how to integrate into their own practice. Conclusions This presentation will make possible integrating family sculpting into your own practice, providing an engaging alternative modality for complex cases. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Stolper, Hanna, Karin van Doesum, Petra Henselmans, Anne Lynn Bijl e Majone Steketee. "The Patient’s Voice as a Parent in Mental Health Care: A Qualitative Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 20 (13 ottobre 2022): 13164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013164.

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Objective: This study is an evaluation of patients in mental health care who have undertaken treatment with an integrated family approach. The treatment focuses on the mental disorders of patients, their role as parents, the development of their young children, and family relationships. The treatment was conducted by professionals from an adult and a child mental health service in the Netherlands. The aim of the study was to identify the key elements and processes of this approach in order to develop a theoretical model. Background: Parental mental disorders have an impact on parenting and child development. To stop detrimental cascade effects and prevent parents and children from being caught up in the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology, a family approach in mental health care is needed. Methods: A qualitative design was adopted using thematic analysis. Data were collected through 18 interviews with patients. The themes in the interviews were which outcomes the patients experienced and which key elements of the treatment contributed to these outcomes. Results: In general, patients were satisfied with the treatment offered. Improved outcomes were within the domain of the family, the parent-child relationship, individual symptoms, and the functioning of the parent and the child. Patients mentioned six key elements of success in treatment: focus on the whole family, flexible treatment tailored to the situation of the family, components of the whole treatment reinforcing each other, multi-disciplinary consultation among involved professionals, a liaison between adult and child mental health services, and attention to the social and economic environment. Conclusions: According to the majority of patients, treatment with an integrated family approach in mental health care is of value for themselves, their children, and family relationships, especially the parent-child relationship.

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Belash, V. O., e M. B. Revina. "Osteopathic correction in complex rehabilitation of children who have undergone cochlear implantation". Russian Osteopathic Journal, n. 1 (27 marzo 2024): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2024-1-20-30.

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Introduction. Currently, the only way to rehabilitate patients with deafness is cochlear implantation (CI). CI includes not only surgery, but also rehabilitation carried out by a whole group of specialists. This is a multi- stage, labor-intensive, complex, long-term process of developing and maintaining speech function, so there is a constant search for new approaches and methods that could increase the effectiveness of ongoing rehabilitation measures. Previous studies have demonstrated that osteopathic correction in preschool children reduces the severity of speech disorders, contributes to the regression of speech therapy disorders, and helps in the correction of certain forms of dysarthria. Of particular interest is the work in which the authors demonstrated the existence of relationships between certain somatic disfunctions and the presence of disturbances in peripheral sound conduction and/or central sound conduction in children with sensorineural hearing loss. The question of the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the rehabilitation of children with pathologies of hearing and speech function (since, in addition to the consequences of highly invasive surgical intervention, children who have undergone CI, as a rule, have delayed speech development), seems promising for study.The aim was to study the results of the use of osteopathic correction in the rehabilitation of children who have undergone CI.Materials and methods. A randomized controlled prospective study was conducted from March 2022 to December 2022 on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution RNTSCAiS FMBA of Russia, FSBI NMCIO FMBA of Russia. 36 children aged from 17 to 37 months were under observation. Depending on the treatment used, all observed patients were divided into 2 groups using a simple randomization method: main (20 people) and control (16 people). Patients in both the main and control groups received standard rehabilitation treatment. Each patient of the main group additionally underwent a single session of osteopathic correction lasting from 45 to 60 minutes. All patients were assessed for osteopathic status, time of connection and adjustment of the cochlear implant, and quality of life.Results. In children after CI, global neurodynamic disorders and regional biomechanical disorders in the regions of the head, neck, and dura mater were most often detected. After treatment, only patients in the main group showed a statistically significant (p<0,05) decrease in the frequency of detection of both global neurodynamic and the above-mentioned regional biomechanical disorders. A single session of osteopathic correction contributes to a significant reduction in the time of connection and adjustment of the cochlear implant, which can be considered as a favorable factor for subsequent rehabilitation measures. Against the background of the ongoing rehabilitation, a statistically significant increase in the level of quality of life was obtained in both groups, however, in the main group this indicator was statistically significantly higher.Conclusion. For children who underwent CI, the most characteristic was the presence of a global neurodynamic disorder, as well as regional biomechanical disorders at the level of the head, neck and dura mater. A single session of osteopathic correction can significantly reduce the time of initial connection and adjustment of a cochlear implant, as well as improve the quality of life of this category of patients. This allows us to recommend the inclusion of osteopathic correction in comprehensive rehabilitation programs for children who have undergone cochlear implantation.

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Akhter, Shaheen, Jannatara Shefa e Md Mahmudul Hasan. "Nutritional Status of Children with Neurodevelopment Disorders from a Tertiary Medical Center of Bangladesh". BIRDEM Medical Journal 8, n. 2 (16 maggio 2018): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i2.36641.

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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP), CP with epilepsy, epilepsy, speech delay, Down’s syndrome, autism, ADHD and vertigo are the most common disabilities among children in Bangladesh. Nutritional status assessment is important as these children are at risk of under nutrition, over nutrition or obesity. The primary objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status of children with neuro-disorder and secondary objective was to find out the factors correlated with poor nutritional status in these children.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from a vast number of patients with neurodevelopment disorder attending the out-patient department (OPD) of Institute of Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism (IPNA), BSMMMU, Dhaka with 149 sample cases from January 2015 to August 2015. Common indicators used to assess the nutrition status of neuro-disorder children were z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, Body Mass Index-for-age percentile.Results: During the 8 months study period, a total of 149 children were taken aged from 1-180 months where Cerebral palsy (CP), CP with epilepsy, epilepsy, speech delay, Down’s syndrome, Autism, ADHD and Vertigo were included and most of the children’s nutritional status were CP had moderately impaired nutritional (53%),CP with epilepsy had mildly impaired nutritional status[(44%),Epilepsy and Speech delay both disorders had same moderately impaired nutritional status(53%),Autism had normal nutritional status(40%),children with Down’s syndrome had severely impaired nutritional status(43%), ADHD children were mostly obese(33%) & most of the children with vertigo had moderately impaired nutritional status (67%).Conclusions: In a developing country like Bangladesh it could be observed that children with Down’s syndrome were at risk of being severely impaired nutritional status, while children with CP, epilepsy, speech delay & vertigo were at risk of being moderately impaired nutritional status and children with ADHD were at risk of being overweight or obese. Children with autism had mostly normal nutritional status, while children of CP with epilepsy were at risk of being mildly impaired nutritional status. Beside low monthly income family with low aged child was somewhere related with nutrition status.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(2): 118-125

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Sanford, Chris A., e Jeff E. Brockett. "Characteristics of Wideband Acoustic Immittance in Patients with Middle-Ear Dysfunction". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, n. 05 (maggio 2014): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.5.2.

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Background: Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) measurements are a relatively new class of aural acoustic tests that have shown promise as useful tools for evaluating middle-ear status. A growing body of work has described WAI for infants, children, and adults with normal middle-ear function, but a relatively limited number of studies have investigated the influence of specific middle-ear disorders on WAI. Although emerging WAI research data show promising results, additional measurements from ears of patients with a variety of middle-ear disorders are needed. Purpose: The aims of the present study were to (1) obtain WAI data from patients with a variety of middle-ear conditions, (2) examine relationships between WAI data relative to standard audiometric tests, and (3) identify patterns or profiles in WAI data within and among patients with different middle-ear conditions. Research Design: A descriptive study. Study Sample: Participants included 30 children and two adults with a variety of middle-ear disorders who were recruited from clinical audiology settings. Data Collection/Analysis: Experimental ambient and tympanometric WAI data were gathered along with standard audiometric test data as part of clinical audiology appointments. Single-subject and small-group data sets for ears of patients with suspected otitis media with effusion (sOME), pressure equalization (PE) tubes, negative tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), tympanoplasty, and cerumen impaction were obtained. Qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics (means and percentiles) were used to characterize the data. Results: Group mean absorbance for ears in the sOME group was reduced across the majority of frequencies; absorbance for ears with negative TPP was also reduced, although to a lesser degree. Absorbance patterns for ears with PE tubes show even greater differences because of the effects of the tube and open middle-ear cavity. WAI from ears with a tympanoplasty and cerumen impaction was suggestive of middle-ear dysfunction in the presence of normal single-frequency tympanometry. Percentile (5th, 50th, and 95th) plots for absorbance and other WAI quantities of admittance level, admittance phase, and equivalent ear-canal volume calculated for the sOME, negative TPP, and PE tube groups showed distinctive profiles that might be useful for discrimination of different middle-ear pathologies. Quantities from wideband tympanometry, including 250- and 1000-Hz single-frequency admittance tympanometric data were also derived. Conclusions: WAI measurements for some middle-ear conditions were consistent with patterns and profiles previously reported in the literature. WAI profiles for other middle-ear conditions, which had not been previously reported in the literature, were presented. Relationships between WAI data and results of standard audiometric tests were generally consistent with expectations. However, in some cases, WAI measurements were suggestive of middle-ear dysfunction despite normal 226-Hz admittance tympanometric findings.

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Junqueira, Patricia, Irene Marchesan, Luciana Regina de Oliveira, Emilio Ciccone, Leonardo Haddad e Maria Rizzo. "Speech-language pathology findings in patients with mouth breathing: Multidisciplinary diagnosis according to etiology". International Journal of Orofacial Myology 36, n. 1 (1 novembre 2010): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2010.36.1.3.

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The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the results of the findings from speech-language pathology evaluations for orofacial function including tongue and lip rest postures, tonus, articulation and speech, voice and language, chewing, and deglutition in children who had a history of mouth breathing. The diagnoses for mouth breathing included: allergic rhinitis, adenoidal hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis with adenoidal hypertrophy; and/or functional mouth breathing. This study was conducted with on 414 subjects of both genders, from 2 to 16-years old. A team consisting of 3 speech-language pathologists, 1 pediatrician, 1allergist, and 1 otolaryngologist, evaluated the patients. Multidisciplinary clinical examinations were carried out (complete blood counting, X-rays, nasofibroscopy, audiometry). The two most commonly found etiologies were allergic rhinitis, followed by functional mouth breathing. Of the 414 patients in the study, 346 received a speech-language pathology evaluation. The most prevalent finding in this group of 346 subjects was the presence of orofacial myofunctional disorders. The most frequently orofacial myofunctional disorder identified in these subjects who also presented mouth breathing included: habitual open lips rest posture, low and forward tongue rest posture and lack of adequate muscle tone. There were also no statistically significant relationships identified between etiology and speech-language diagnosis. Therefore, the specific type of etiology of mouth breathing does not appear to contribute to the presence, type, or number of speech-language findings which may result from mouth breathing behavior.

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Отева, Н. И., С. Н. Глазунова, А. А. Реутова e Т. В. Сазанова. "Psychological characteristics of families raising children with developmental disabilities". Modern Humanities Success, n. 3 (29 marzo 2024): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2618-7175-2024-3-301-305.

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с 2016 года в России отмечается тенденция снижения общей численности инвалидов. При этом уровень детской инвалидности в стране с 2016 года значительно вырос. В связи с этим актуальным остается вопрос оказания квалифицированной помощи семьям, имеющим детей с инвалидностью. Для создания комплексной системы помощи необходимо сместить фокус внимания на семью в целом, исследовать макросоциальные и макросоциальные проблемы, возникающие у такой семьи. Исследование было сфокусировано на диагностике взаимоотношений в диадах «мать-дитя» в детско-родительских группах организаций города Тюмени. Было выявлено, что характер взаимоотношений в диаде «мама-ребенок» определяется степенью тяжести нарушения развития ребенка. Дефицита эмоциональных взаимоотношений в диаде в опрошенных семьях, воспитывающих детей с нарушениями речи, не наблюдается, а эмоциональная сфера родителей детей с тяжелыми множественными нарушениями страдает. since 2016, there has been a downward trend in the total number of people with disabilities in Russia. At the same time, the level of child disability in the country has increased significantly since 2016. In this regard, the issue of providing qualified assistance to families with children with disabilities remains relevant. To create a comprehensive assistance system, it is necessary to shift the focus of attention to the family as a whole, to investigate the macrosocial and macrosocial problems that arise in such a family. The study focused on the diagnosis of relationships in the dyads "mother-child" in the parent-child groups of organizations in the city of Tyumen. It was revealed that the nature of the relationship in the "mother-child" dyad is determined by the severity of the child's developmental disorder. There is no shortage of emotional relationships in the dyad in the surveyed families raising children with speech disorders, and the emotional sphere of parents of children with severe multiple disabilities suffers.

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LYKHOTA, Kostiantyn, Oleksandra PETRYCHENKO, Vasylyna ARDYKUTSE, Larysa MYKHAILOVSKA e Anatoii KUTSIUK. "Treatment of malocclusions in the temporal period of bite, children with speech disorders by means of myogymnastics and face tapping." Balneo Research Journal 10, Vol.10, No.3 (3 settembre 2019): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2019.260.

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Introduction: The article deals with the current problems of modern orthodontics, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of treatment of sagittal anomalies of bite, which are complicated by speech disorders, patients in the period of bite. The effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment is investigated, and their complex approach to the correction of this pathology is evaluated. Materials and methods: We were taken on the treatment of 47 children with temporary bite, aged 3 to 5 years old, who experienced dental anomalies in combination with organic dyslallia. Depending on the pathology of bite, patients were divided into subgroups A and B. Subgroup A included children with distal bite, to subgroup B - with mesial. According to the chosen method of orthodontic treatment, patients of experimental groups were additionally divided into 2 subgroups. In 1 subgroup included children, the treatment of which was carried out according to the proposed method, to 2 subgroups - according to the standard. The control group included 11 children with physiological bites of similar age without speech disorders. Results: The effectiveness of proposed schemes of orthodontic and logopedic rehabilitation was proved by clinical, anthropometric and functional indicators, which were determined prior to and at different times after starting treatment. Clinical efficacy of performed orthodontic treatment is established on the term of treatment, normalization of articulation motility, normalization of anthropometric indices, normalization of palatogram characteristics, indexes of functional activity of the tooth-jaw system, normalization of occlusal ratios of dentitions. Conclusion: Using the proposed method of orthodontic treatment (with the use of orthodontic equipment in combination with modified myogymnastics and facial tapping), the dynamics of all the studied parameters correlated with the timing of the pathology elimination and indicated an increased effectiveness of treatment in applying the proposed method, namely: all patients had normalization forms of dental arches, normalized indexes of width and length of the dental arc. Immediately after the end of the treatment, electromyographic indices were normalized and occlusive relationships restored. Similar indicators for those who were treated according to the standard method, although they showed positive dynamics, but differed both from the indicators of persons who were treated according to the proposed method, and from the indicators of the control group. Key words: maxillofacial area, malocclusions, sagittal anomalies, speech disorders, tapping,

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Mуkhailova, E. А., e D. A. Mitelov. "Peculiarities of the microsocial environment in the formation of adjustment disorderin children with type 1 diabetes mellitus". Ukrainian Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, n. 2 (16 luglio 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/ujpe2021-2-27.

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Currently, there is a global trend towards an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1) among children and adolescents. It is characterized by a lifelong progressive course, manifested by endocrine and somatic disorders, as well as neurological and mental complications. The risk of the development of emotional disorders, cognitive dysfunction, adjustment disorder is largely determined by the microsocial environment of a child with DM 1. Objective — to study role of family in the formation of the disorders inmental and psychological health of children and adolescents with severe DM 1. Materials and methods. Examinations involved 285 patients with DM 1(126 children and 159 adolescents). The investigation design included clinical and psychopathological method, pathopsychological method, sociopsychological interviewing of a child and his/her family, test “Family sociogram”, projective picture tests “Housetreeman”, “Me and my disease”, “Kinetic picture of the family”. Results. It has been established that the level of psychological health of family of a child with DM 1 corresponded to the normal indicator in 20 % of cases. The factors have been determined that destabilize psychological health of the family, typology of family relationships with a sick child and their role in the formation of persistent neuropsychiatric complications. The factors of the microsocial environment affecting the formation of sociopsychological maladjustment of a child with DM were determined. The following risk factors of the formation of mental and neurological disorders in DM 1 children have been identified: the age of endocrine disease (DM)onset less than 7 years, the disease duration ≥ 5 years, frequent fluctuations in of glycemialevel, unsatisfactory self-control of the disease, late diagnosis of early and late complications related to the central nervous system, insufficient compliance, pathological types of family sociogram. An alternative method for diagnosing psychological problems in children and adolescents with diabetes the use of projective methods has shown a high information content of target detection for the correction of emotional and behavioral disorders in the conditions of system «Life with diabetes».Conclusions. Socio-psychological patterns of maladaptation of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitushave been identified, which is important for determining the strategy of therapeutic intervention, socio-psychological support and prevention of social handicap.

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Rasheed, Namra, Kousar Parveen e Muhammad Aqeel Ahmed. "Effects of Cochlear Implants on the Quality of Life of Children". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n. 5 (29 maggio 2022): 1099–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651099.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of cochlear implants also examining the factors influencing the quality of life of children after CI. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: PHFMC(BHU 189,Toba Tek Singh). Jan 2020-Oct 2020 Methods: Forty five children of aged between 3-10 years were presented in this study. Patients had cochlear implantation were included. Informed written consent was taken from the parents of children for demographically details in which age, sex, parent’s education status, residency and employment. Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 - Generic core scale (PedsQLTM 4.0 - GCS) was used. Children were assessed in terms of communication, self-reliance, socio economic behavior, education, family understanding and effects of implantation. SPSS 23.0 version was used to analyze data. Results: Among 45 cases, majority of the patients 27 (60%) were males and 18 (40%) were females. 6.07±3.32 years were the mean age of the children. 24 (53.3%) cases were from urban areas and 19 (46.7%) patients had rural residency. Majority of the mothers 29 (64.4%) were housewives and 21 (46.7%) mothers were literate. Mean age at the time of surgery was 4.12±3.63 years. Mean time of cochlear implantation 4.01±1.21 years. We found that the improvement in communication with the known people was 23 (51.1%) and before cochlear implantation effectiveness of hearing aids were slightly low 11 (24.4%). We found that the improvement of social relationships, family well-being, within-family relationships, educational conditions, and self-reliance were all observed to be satisfactory. Conclusion: In this research we concluded that the cochlear implantation was significantly helpful for children in hearing, language understanding, self-reliance, educational conditions. An understanding of the child's and family's unique needs will aid in the development of personalized speech therapy, which can help enhance outcomes for rehabilitation. Keywords: Children, Cochlear Implant, Quality of life

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Vinh, Ngo Anh, e Dang Hai Tu. "The clinical characteristics of dissociative disorders at adolescent health department, Vietnam National Children's hospital". Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 173, n. 12E13 (31 dicembre 2023): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v173i12e13.2085.

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To describe the clinical characteristics of dissociative disorders, a cross- sectional study was conducted on 57 adolescent patients diagnosed with dissociative disorder, from December 2021 to June 2023, at the Adolescent Health Department - Vietnam National Children's Hospital. The average age was 13.2 ± 2.62 years old, and the female/male ratio was 1.5/1. Most patients were in rural areas (73.7%), reached puberty (89.5%), had introverted personalities (78.9%), belonged to the group of movement dissociative disorders (43.9%) and dissociative seizures (28,1%). Most clinical conditions were related to psychological trauma (84.2%). Psychological trauma mainly comes from the family and school environment, accounting for 72.5% & 19.6% respectively. The majority of children had conflicting relationships with their parents (68.4%). 43.9% cases showed signs of anxiety, and 38.6% showed signs of depression from mild to severe levels. Dissociative disorders are more common in girls than boys and are mostly related to psychological trauma. Most patients have accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression. We recommend to limit psychological trauma on adolescents, especially in family & school environment.

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Privitera, Flavia, Stefano Pagano, Camilla Meossi, Roberta Battini, Emanuele Bartolini, Domenico Montanaro e Filippo Maria Santorelli. "Non-Specific Epileptic Activity, EEG, and Brain Imaging in Loss of Function Variants in SATB1: A New Case Report and Review of the Literature". Genes 15, n. 5 (25 aprile 2024): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15050548.

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SATB1 (MIM #602075) is a relatively new gene reported only in recent years in association with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by variable facial dysmorphisms, global developmental delay, poor or absent speech, altered electroencephalogram (EEG), and brain abnormalities on imaging. To date about thirty variants in forty-four patients/children have been described, with a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical manifestations. In the present study, we describe a new patient affected by mild intellectual disability, speech disorder, and non-specific abnormalities on EEG and neuroimaging. Family studies identified a new de novo frameshift variant c.1818delG (p.(Gln606Hisfs*101)) in SATB1. To better define genotype–phenotype associations in the different types of reported SATB1 variants, we reviewed clinical data from our patient and from the literature and compared manifestations (epileptic activity, EEG abnormalities and abnormal brain imaging) due to missense variants versus those attributable to loss-of-function/premature termination variants. Our analyses showed that the latter variants are associated with less severe, non-specific clinical features when compared with the more severe phenotypes due to missense variants. These findings provide new insights into SATB1-related disorders.

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Telenga, Marlena, Anna Rozensztrauch, Kaja Giżewska-Kacprzak e Robert Śmigiel. "From Genotype to Phenotype of Polish Patients with Pitt–Hopkins Syndrome concerning the Quality of Life and Family Functioning". Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, n. 9 (29 aprile 2024): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092605.

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Background: Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare genetic disorder affecting psychomotor, social, and intellectual development, caused by a mutation in the TCF4 gene. The study aims to gather the phenotype and genotype data of PTHS patients from Poland and to assess the quality of life (QoL) and the impact of the disorders on the family. Methods: Eight families with PTHS participated in the study. To obtain data, the following standardized questionnaires were used: Questionnaire on Clinical Problems (QCP), the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module, and the QL-Disability Questionnaire. Additionally, a retrospective analysis of clinical examination, genetic consult, medical history, and genotype of each individual was performed. Results: All of the examined children exhibited a mutation in the TCF4 gene and typical features of PTHS. The most prevalent clinical symptoms in the study group included typical PTHS appearance, intellectual disability (n = 5; as the rest of the patients were too young to be assessed), abnormal speech development (n = 8), reduced pain response (n = 7), constipation (n = 7), drooling (n = 7), cold extremities (n = 7), and disturbances in sensory integration processes (n = 7). The QL-Disability Questionnaire revealed a total QoL score of 67.7/100 for children with PTHS, while the QoL for their families in the PedsQL Family Impact Module was 53.82/100. The highest-rated domain was cognitive functioning (Median (Me) = 67.50; Standard Deviation (SD) = 21.95), while the lowest was daily activities (Me = 25.00; SD = 29.86). Conclusions: The study allowed the collection of data on the phenotype and genotype of children with PTHS living in Poland. Overall, our study showed that the QoL of children with PTHS is impaired.

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Ariska, Yolla Nandha, Prita Adisty Handayani e Elis Hartati. "Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Beban Caregiver dalam Merawat Keluarga yang Mengalami Stroke". Holistic Nursing and Health Science 3, n. 1 (1 giugno 2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/hnhs.3.1.2020.52-63.

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Introduction: Stroke is a disease that most often causes disability in the form of paralysis of the limbs, speech disorders, thought processes and other forms of disability. In this condition, stroke patients need caregiver assistance to meet their daily needs. The caregiver faces physical, psychological, social, economic problems in providing care. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with caregiver burden in caring for family members suffering from stroke. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The research instrument used the Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. The study recruited 56 caregivers as the sample with the inclusion criteria of caregivers aged ≥ 26 years old, providing care for stroke patient as a main caregiver in at least 3 monthsduration of care. The samples were selected by applying purposive sampling technique, and the data were analyzed by Chi Square test. Results: The study shows a significant relationshipbetween age (p=0.009), gender (p=0.001), employment status (p=0.002), income (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.025), family relationship (p=0.011), family support (p=0.000) and caregiver burden, however no correlation was identified between education and caregiver burden (p = 0.155). Conclusion: Age, gender, employment status, income, marital status, family relationships and family support are significantly related to the burden of caregivers in caring for stroke family members. Health services are expected to adequately provideinformation for caregivers related to how to care for stroke patients, in order to reduce the caregiver's burden.

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Thomsen, P. H. "Obsessions: The Impact and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents". Journal of Psychopharmacology 14, n. 2_suppl1 (marzo 2000): S31—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811000142s105.

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In the development of the majority of children, ritualistic behaviour may be seen as a normal phenomenon. In some children and adolescents, however, these rituals become time-consuming, interfering, irritating and annoying. The most common obsessions in both children and adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are related to a fear of dirt and contamination, fear of some terrible happening, and the fear of harming a loved one. The most common compulsions are washing fixations, checking behaviour and rituals (including mental rituals). Prevalence studies show that OCD in children and adolescents is far more common than previously thought. It is estimated that up to 2% of this population have symptoms fulfilling OCD criteria. The impact of early OCD onset can be profound, with long-term studies indicating that approximately 50% of these patients will also suffer from OCD in early adulthood. These patients tend to remain socially isolated, to have fewer relationships than their non-OCD peers, and have a tendency to remain within the family home during early adulthood. In addition, childhood OCD is associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders, in particular depression, anxiety and panic disorders, Tourette's syndrome and eating disorders. Treatment strategies for childhood OCD reflect those used in adult psychiatry. The most effective psychotherapeutic approach is based on cognitive-behavioural therapy with exposure and prevention. In contrast to pharmacotherapeutic agents without serotonin activity, the serotonin-specific antidepressants appear to be effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of OCD in children.

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Brenneman, Lauren, Elizabeth Cash, Gail D. Chermak, Linda Guenette, Gay Masters, Frank E. Musiek, Mallory Brown et al. "The Relationship between Central Auditory Processing, Language, and Cognition in Children Being Evaluated for Central Auditory Processing Disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 28, n. 08 (settembre 2017): 758–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16119.

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AbstractPediatric central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders. However, few studies have examined the relationship between commonly used CAPD, language, and cognition tests within the same sample.The present study examined the relationship between diagnostic CAPD tests and “gold standard” measures of language and cognitive ability, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).A retrospective study.Twenty-seven patients referred for CAPD testing who scored average or better on the CELF and low average or better on the WISC were initially included. Seven children who scored below the CELF and/or WISC inclusion criteria were then added to the dataset for a second analysis, yielding a sample size of 34.Participants were administered a CAPD battery that included at least the following three CAPD tests: Frequency Patterns (FP), Dichotic Digits (DD), and Competing Sentences (CS). In addition, they were administered the CELF and WISC. Relationships between scores on CAPD, language (CELF), and cognition (WISC) tests were examined using correlation analysis.DD and FP showed significant correlations with Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, and the DD left ear and the DD interaural difference measures both showed significant correlations with working memory. However, ∼80% or more of the variance in these CAPD tests was unexplained by language and cognition measures. Language and cognition measures were more strongly correlated with each other than were the CAPD tests with any CELF or WISC scale. Additional correlations with the CAPD tests were revealed when patients who scored in the mild–moderate deficit range on the CELF and/or in the borderline low intellectual functioning range on the WISC were included in the analysis.While both the DD and FP tests showed significant correlations with one or more cognition measures, the majority of the variance in these CAPD measures went unexplained by cognition. Unlike DD and FP, the CS test was not correlated with cognition. Additionally, language measures were not significantly correlated with any of the CAPD tests. Our findings emphasize that the outcomes and interpretation of results vary as a function of the subject inclusion criteria that are applied for the CELF and WISC. Including participants with poorer cognition and/or language scores increased the number of significant correlations observed. For this reason, it is important that studies investigating the relationship between CAPD and other domains or disorders report the specific inclusion criteria used for all tests.

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Flütsch, N., e D. Pauli. "Home treatment for adolescents with eating disorders as an add-on to family based therapy". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (aprile 2021): S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.331.

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IntroductionFamily-based therapy (FBT) has been proven effective in treating eating disorders among children and adolescents. However, many families have difficulties implementing the measures recommended in outpatient therapy.ObjectivesThis study examines the effectiveness of add-on home treatment (HT) to family based therapy (FBT) in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). The HT intervention is delivered by specialized nurses and aims at supporting patients and parents to re-establish family meals in the home environment.MethodsWe performed an case-control study in AN patients comparing 44 (42 female, 2 male) adolescents receiving FBT augmented with HT compared to 22 (22 female, 1 male) participants receiving FBT alone. Eating disorder diagnosis, psychopathology and severity of clinical symptoms were assessed using (EDE, EDI-2) and clinical parameters (BMI, menstrual status, level of over-exercising) at baseline and after 3-months.ResultsAfter 3 months both treatment groups showed a significant early weight gain, a reduction in the rate of AN diagnoses assessed with the EDE interview and a reduction in EDI-2 total scores. The combined HT/FBT group showed a significantly greater increase in BMI than the FBT-only group. In the combined HT/FBT group none of the patients had to be admitted to hospital while 13.6% of the FBT-only group had to be referred to inpatient treatment. Treatment satisfaction in the combined HT/FBT group was high in both patients and parents.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HT augmented FBT is superior compared to FBT alone in terms of early weight gain and might reduce the risk of hospital admission in adolescent AN.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Stepanenko, N., E. Fedorov, S. Salugina e S. Feoktistova. "FRI0632-HPR PSYCHOLOGICAL PARTICULIARITIES OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MONOGENIC AUTO-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (giugno 2020): 920.1–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4182.

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Background:Monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases (mAID) are a group of severe chronic multisystemic diseases with recurring episodes of fever and other manifestations that significantly affect the patients’ life quality. Moreover, the hyper expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, etc.) observed in these patients may have a negative effect on the central nervous system.Objectives:to study the state of the cognitive and emotional spheres in children suffering from monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases.Methods:there were examined 22 children at the age of 7 to 17 years old diagnosed with CAPS-9, TRAPS-8, FMF-5. Among them there were 12 boys and 10 girls. The diagnosis in all the patients was confirmed through detection of pathogenic mutations in the NLRP3, TNFRSF1A and MEFV genes. The following methods were used: a clinical conversation; memory diagnostics (learning by heart of 10 words, a pictogram using cues taking into account the patients’ age); attention diagnostics (Schulte tables); thinking diagnostics (establishing a sequence of events, “four is a crwod”, simple analogies, interpretation of proverbs); emotional and communicative fields (the Eight-Color Luscher Test; CMAS (adaptation by A. Prikhozhan); STAI test, a drawing called “an animal that does not exist” and “a house-a tree-a man”).Results:The memory study revealed in all patients with TRAPS and FMF high and medium values of short-term and long-term memory, in patients with CAPS - a low level of short-term auditory-speech memory, information storage and indirect memorization in 1/3 of patients. In 100% of the examined patients with TRAPS, a significant decrease in all processes of attention and distribution of attention. In 1/3 of patients with CAPS, an increased exhaustion of attention was registered and in 11% - a decrease in its stability. In patients with FMF, attention disorders were not detected. In 44% of patients with CAPS, a decrease in the level of generalization and difficulties in establishing causal relationships were registered. In 25% of patients with TRAPS a decrease in the level of generalization, in 12.5%- difficulties in establishing cause-effect relationships, inertia of thinking in 37.5%. In 60% of patients with FMF: a decrease in the level of generalization, in 80%: difficulties in establishing cause-effect relationships, inertia of thinking in 20%. In the emotional sphere, patients with CAPS, TRAPS, and FMF demonstrated signs of aggression (11.1%, 20% and 20% of patients, respectively), communicative disorders (77.8% -80% - 80%), and reduced social adaptation (55.5% - 80% - 80%), a tendency to form neurotic fears (22% - 40% - 40%). A high level of personal anxiety was noted in 1/3 of patients with CAPS and 40% of patients with FMF.Conclusion:various psychological disorders in the cognitive and emotional fields were noted in the majority of the examined patients with monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases. In patients with TRAPS, attention processes are most significantly affected; in patients with CAPS, memory is more often affected. In patients with FMF, disorders in thinking processes are revealed more often. In the emotional sphere, most patients with all the three forms of AID note communicative disorders and social adaptation.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Racka-Pilszak, Bogna, Anna Wojtaszek-Słomińska, Agata Zdun-Ryżewska, Mikołaj Majkowicz, Agnieszka Banaszkiewicz e Krzysztof Basiński. "Evaluation of interdisciplinary treatment outcomes in patients with cleft lip and palate. Part 1." Forum Ortodontyczne 14, n. 4 (29 dicembre 2018): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9890.

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Cleft palate is the most common congenital defect within the facial skeleton. Coexisting facial deformations are not only visible, but also audible after surgery – children born with cleft lip and palate belong to the risk group for occurrence of speech-language disorders. Due to this fact, they may face inappropriate responses of people around, which may cause poor mental condition. Majority of subjects (ca. 67 percent) experienced unpleasant feelings caused by people around them and noticed contribution of the cleft to lowered selfconfidence. Almost 56 percent of the studied group notices influence of this congenital defect on ability to establish social relationships, and 33 percent – on results achieved at school. Aim. The main aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate as well as usefulness of applied research tools (questionnaire, GOSLON score). Material and methods. Study material included a group of 45 subjects with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, who completed multidisciplinary treatment. Mean age of the subjects was 22 years. The study was conducted at the Outpatient Orthodontic Clinic of the University Dentistry Centre of the Medical University of Gdansk. Research methods included evaluation of the occlusal abnormalities before and after treatment using GOSLON score, questionnaire completed by the patient, and specialist speech-language examination. Results. The highest percentage of satisfied patients was observed among subjects, who underwent orthodontic treatment (ca. 90 percent), which corresponded with established improvement in occlusal conditions after treatment. Appearance of the respective facial areas was mainly defined as good or very good. It was also noticed that the more the patient was satisfied with speech-language therapy, the more he/she was satisfied with speech quality. Conclusions. Evaluation of final outcomes of the multidisciplinary treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate constitutes high clinical significance in order to make further development and to evaluate currently used therapeutic management standards.

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Lance, Eboni I., Alicia D. Cannon, Bruce K. Shapiro, Michael V. Johnston e James F. Casella. "Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 novembre 2019): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121968.

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Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk of neurological complications, including stroke, silent cerebral infarction, and cognitive deficits. Past research by others has also shown increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in this population (PMID 19142770, 27038278). A previous study conducted by our group noted that only 22% of patients with SCD and NDD had a prior history of stroke (PMID 26149844). We investigated the prevalence and features of NDD in pediatric SCD through a retrospective chart review conducted between July 2017 and January 2019. The participants were patients with SCD identified from the Johns Hopkins Pediatric Hematology Harriet Lane Clinic roster and the Kennedy Krieger Institute medical records database. Children under 18 years of age with SCD were included in the study. A total of 396 patients were identified and reviewed for study inclusion. Analyses were completed using non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, chi squared test) in Stata IC-13. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the clinic patient population. A total of 284 participants qualified for study inclusion and 78 participants (27%) were found to have various NDD. Children with SCD and NDD were more likely to have a history of seizure (OR=5.77, 95%CI:1.69-19.76, p<0.006), stroke (OR=5.12, 95%CI:2.4-10.92, p<0.001), dactylitis (OR=3.65, 95%CI:1.86-7.18, p<0.001), pain crises (OR=2.96, 95%CI:1.56-5.63, p<0.002), asthma (OR=2.46, 95%CI:1.38-4.36, p<0.003), headache (OR=2.44, 95%CI:1.04-5.7, p< 0.05), acute chest syndrome (OR=1.77, 95%CI:1.05-3, p<0.04), or priapism (male patients only, OR=6.48, 95%CI:1.59-26.42, p<0.01), in comparison to children with SCD without NDD. Children with SCD and NDD were more likely to have a history of hydroxyurea usage (OR=2.28, 95%CI:1.34-3.88, p<0.003), in comparison to children with SCD without NDD. Children with SCD and NDD had significantly higher odds of receiving school support (OR=9.34, 95%CI:4.68-18.64, p<0.001), in comparison to children with SCD without NDD. Figure 1 shows the prevalence of reported NDD in this clinic population. Table 2 shows the different subtypes of NDD in this clinic population. The most common NDD were language disorders and ADHD. Four (18%) of the children with language disorders had been seen by a speech and language pathologist at the hospital. There was no significant difference in the odds of having a history of stroke between children with a history of SCD and a language disorder and children with SCD without language/other NDD (OR=3.3, 95%CI:0.97-11.18, p=0.055). ADHD had a prevalence of 7% in this SCD clinic population. Eleven (52%) of the children with ADHD had been seen by a behavioral therapist. Eighteen (86%) children with ADHD had been seen by either a neurodevelopmental physician or pediatric neurologist. Of the children with SCD and ADHD, 13 (62%) were on an appropriate medication for ADHD, either a stimulant medication alone (57%), alpha agonist alone (5%), or both (5%). Children with SCD and ADHD had higher odds of having a stroke in comparison to children with SCD without NDD (OR=7.42, 95%CI:2.55-21.58, p<0.001). In conclusion, children with SCD and NDD have higher odds of having certain disease-related complications and higher use of disease modifying treatments than children with SCD who do not have NDD. The higher use of disease-modifying treatments could be due to the association of the NDD with SCD-related complications and the need to provide these children with a higher level of care. We cannot determine causal or temporal relationships between these NDD and SCD-related complications from this research. Screening and diagnoses of NDD may be relevant to clinical management of pediatric SCD. Disclosures Lance: NIH: Research Funding; KKI: Research Funding. Shapiro:HRSA: Other: Training Grant; Mutual Funds: Other: may invest in health care organizations; Baltimore City Health Department: Consultancy; Maternal and Child Health Bureau: Other: Training Grant. Casella:Immunoarray Ltd.: Patents & Royalties; Mast Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; NIH: Research Funding.

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Bellis, Teri James, e Jody Ross. "Performance of Normal Adults and Children on Central Auditory Diagnostic Tests and Their Corresponding Visual Analogs". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 22, n. 08 (settembre 2011): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.22.8.2.

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Background: It has been suggested that, in order to validate a diagnosis of (C)APD (central auditory processing disorder), testing using direct cross-modal analogs should be performed to demonstrate that deficits exist solely or primarily in the auditory modality (McFarland and Cacace, 1995; Cacace and McFarland, 2005). This modality-specific viewpoint is controversial and not universally accepted (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 2005; Musiek et al, 2005). Further, no such analogs have been developed to date, and neither the feasibility of such testing in normally functioning individuals nor the concurrent validity of cross-modal analogs has been established. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of cross-modal testing by examining the performance of normal adults and children on four tests of central auditory function and their corresponding visual analogs. In addition, this study investigated the degree to which concurrent validity of auditory and visual versions of these tests could be demonstrated. Research Design: An experimental repeated measures design was employed. Study Sample: Participants consisted of two groups (adults, n = 10; children, n = 10) with normal and symmetrical hearing sensitivity, normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, and no family or personal history of auditory/otologic, language, learning, neurologic, or related disorders. Data Collection and Analysis: Visual analogs of four tests in common clinical use for the diagnosis of (C)APD were developed (Dichotic Digits [Musiek, 1983]; Frequency Patterns [Pinheiro and Ptacek, 1971]; Duration Patterns [Pinheiro and Musiek, 1985]; and the Random Gap Detection Test [RGDT; Keith, 2000]). Participants underwent two 1 hr test sessions separated by at least 1 wk. Order of sessions (auditory, visual) and tests within each session were counterbalanced across participants. ANOVAs (analyses of variance) were used to examine effects of group, modality, and laterality (for the Dichotic/Dichoptic Digits tests) or response condition (for the auditory and visual Frequency Patterns and Duration Patterns tests). Pearson product-moment correlations were used to investigate relationships between auditory and visual performance. Results: Adults performed significantly better than children on the Dichotic/Dichoptic Digits tests. Results also revealed a significant effect of modality, with auditory better than visual, and a significant modality × laterality interaction, with a right-ear advantage seen for the auditory task and a left-visual-field advantage seen for the visual task. For the Frequency Patterns test and its visual analog, results revealed a significant modality × response condition interaction, with humming better than labeling for the auditory version but the reversed effect for the visual version. For Duration Patterns testing, visual performance was significantly poorer than auditory performance. Due to poor test-retest reliability and ceiling effects for the auditory and visual gap-detection tasks, analyses could not be performed. No cross-modal correlations were observed for any test. Conclusions: Results demonstrated that cross-modal testing is at least feasible using easily accessible computer hardware and software. The lack of any cross-modal correlations suggests independent processing mechanisms for auditory and visual versions of each task. Examination of performance in individuals with central auditory and pan-sensory disorders is needed to determine the utility of cross-modal analogs in the differential diagnosis of (C)APD.

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Morcov, Maria V., Liliana Pădure, Cristian G. Morcov, Andrada Mirea, Marian Ghiță e Gelu Onose. "Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Life in Families with Children or Adolescents Having Congenital versus Acquired Neuropathology". Children 9, n. 5 (12 maggio 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9050714.

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Aim: This research aims to determine whether the time of injury (congenital or acquired) affects the quality of life (QOL) in families having a child or adolescent with neurological impairment. Design: Comparative, cross-sectional study. Material and methods: To find out if there are differences in the quality of life domains between these two groups, 66 subjects (31 mothers of patients with congenital disorders and 35 mothers of patients with acquired disorders) completed the PedsQL-Family Impact Module (PedsQL-FIM), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument—Short Form (WHOQOL-BRIEF), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results: Analyzing the PedsQL-FIM dimensions, we found significant differences between groups in terms of emotional functioning, communication, and worry, which favor the congenital group. There are no statistically significant differences between social functioning, cognitive functioning, and daily activities groups. No significant differences between groups when evaluating the WHOQOL-BRIEF’s domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment) have been found. According to CERQ results, adaptive strategies had higher mean scores in the congenital than in the acquired group. The mean score for maladaptive strategies in the congenital group is higher than that in the acquired one, except for catastrophizing, which is higher for acquired. Conclusion: Our findings show that the mothers of patients with acquired neuropathology have a lower quality of life in the emotional functioning, communication, and worry domains.

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Semkovych, Yaroslav, Dmytro Dmytriiev e Oleksandr Dobrovanov. "PedSQL™ Family Impact Module as an Instrument foe Quality of Life Assessment (PedsQL™) in Children with Chronic Postsurgical Pain". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, G (5 febbraio 2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11434.

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BACKGROUND: The concept of quality of life (QoL) is today an integral part of the health-care system and clinical, medical, and social research. Untreated chronic pain in children increases the risk of developing mental disorders later in life. The pediatric QoL inventory 3.0 (PedsQL™) is one of the most valid and widely used tools for assessing pediatric QoL. AIM: The study was to assess QoL in children with chronic postsurgical pain 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery with different analgesic techniques by means of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Family Impact Module questionnaires. METHODS: Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 80 children undergoing treatment at the surgical department of a Communal Non-Profit Enterprise “Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council” were enrolled in the study. Among them, 60 children underwent anterior abdominal wall surgery with various types of anesthetic techniques. The patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires repeatedly 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge. RESULTS: QoL in patients with chronic pain syndrome reduced significantly (p < 0.001) on the scales of physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, cognitive functioning, communication, worry, daily activities, family relationships, as well as pediatric QoL summary score, parent QoL summary score, and family functioning summary score 3 and 6 months after surgery with conventional analgesic techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain syndrome reduces QoL in children aged 7–18 years after anterior abdominal wall surgery by reducing their physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning. The myofascial block in conjunction with general anesthesia accelerates patient’s recovery, relieves pain, and reduces emotional stress.

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D’Onofrio, Grazia, Annalisa Mastromatteo, Andrea Di Francesco, Antonio Izzi, Vincenzo Marchello, Aldo Manuali, Andreaserena Recchia et al. "Depression and Anxiety in Pediatric Patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome: A Pilot Study". Children 11, n. 3 (13 marzo 2024): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11030342.

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The study’s aim was to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in children with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and their effects on social relationships and family acceptance. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist—35 items (PSC-35), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Second Edition (VABS-II) were administered to the children. The parental Acceptance Rejection/Control Questionnaire (PARQ/Control) and Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) were administered to parents. In total, 6 patients and 10 parents were included. Patients showed a significant presence of internalizing behavior in PSC-35 (mean, 7.66 ± 3.67), anxiety symptoms (SCARED: mean, 46.33 ± 17.50) and socialization difficulties (mean, 90.83 ± 10.09). Parents reported a perceived good acceptance (mean, 56.33 ± 1.03) and a moderate control (mean, 24.17 ± 1.83), but the burden level was ranked moderate to severe (mean, 59.33 ± 16.78). It was found that the severity of the burden level reported by parents was related to internalizing behavior (OR = 2.000; 95% CI = 0.479–3.521; p = 0.022) and anxiety symptoms (SCARED total score: OR = 3.000; 95% CI = 1.479–4.521; p = 0.005) of children. During psychological counseling in the context of BWS treatment, it is important to identify specific resources that can support patients and families in dealing with stress and identify any critical areas that could hinder the adaptation process.

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Dhakouani, S., R. Kammoun, M. Skini, M. Karoui e F. Ellouz. "First episode psychosis related to COVID-19 infection". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (giugno 2022): S528—S529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1349.

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Introduction During the course of COVID-19 pandemic, The respiratory system is the most commonly affected while many neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease have been observed. Objectives Emphasize the importance of eliminating the diagnosis of covid 19 infection in a pandemic context face to first episode psychosis. Methods Presentation of case report Results A 29-year-old woman unemployed married with no personal medical history and with psychiatric family history. She wasn’t exposed to subject with covid 19 in her family circle. She was admitted in psychiatric care for acute behavioural disorders during five days. On physical examination: she was afebrile, eupneic and tachycardiac. Oxygen saturation was 96% and blood pressure was 100/50 mmHg. Specialized neurological examination was normal and cerebral CT scan was without abnormalities. At the psychiatric interview she was extremely agitated. She was distressed her speech was incoherent. She had auditory and visual hallucinations and a multi-thematic delirium. One day after her admission she died suddenly, the autopsy found positive RT PCR covid test and bilateral basal pneumonia. Conclusions In individuals presenting with new-onset psychosis in areas endemic to COVID-19, consideration should be made for neuropsychiatric manifestations of Covid 19 from where the importance to push the explorations and to test the patients. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Belyaeva, O., e M. Markova. "The system of medical and psychological support of adolescents with obesity". Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 29, n. 5 (31 agosto 2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.5.10.

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The thesis is devoted to improving the system of psychological support to adolescents with obesity by definition of psychoemotional, cognitive, behavioral, and family components and their relationships in the genesis of psychological maladjustment formation in young patients. Some features of psychoemotional, cognitive, behavioral, and family components of psychological maladjustment have been established in adolescents with obesity, psychographic markers of difficulties in self-perception of our patients have been singled out, and correlations of stylistic peculiarities in their eating behavior with parameters of quality of life have also been identified. Relationships between pronounced disorders in eating behavior, as well as desadaptive psychoemotional characteristics of patients, and some peculiarities in the emotional state of their mothers have been established. The model and the technology of the psychological support of adolescents with obesity have been substantiated, and the system of measures for their employment has been introduced. Age and gender-related characteristics of personality in adolescents with obesity were depicted, and some peculiarities in the attitude to their children of mothers both of boys and girls with different body weight were defined. Due to the analysis and generalization of our study results, the model of medical and psychological support of adolescents with obesity has been scientifically substantiated, developed and introduced into the clinical practice. The proposed model, aimed at correcting psychological maladjustment of adolescent patients and providing involvement of their parents at the diagnostic, consultative, and corrective stages, has demonstrated its effectiveness.

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Melnikova, Elena V., Galina E. Ivanova, Alexander N. Uskov, Natalia V. Skripchenko, Nina M. Khasanova, Alexander V. Kudryavtsev, Ekaterina Yu Shergold e Tatyana G. Lepikhina. "Assessment of rehabilitation in children with infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract using the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health". Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation 4, n. 4 (9 dicembre 2022): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36425/rehab112413.

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BACKGROUND: Solving the issues of rehabilitation of children after lower respiratory tract infections requires putting up rehabilitation diagnoses in the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health (ICF). AIMS: The study aimed to define the key problems in the ICF categories and make quantitative and qualitative assessments of the changes in the ICF domains in convalescent children with infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract at the outpatient stage and in one month after the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The assessment of rehabilitation was performed using the ICF categories for 201 convalescent children with lower respiratory tract infections. RESULTS: Most of the patients had significant impairments in the following functions: b134 Sleep functions; b152 Emotional functions; b280 Feeling of pain; b440 Respiratory functions; b450 Additional respiratory functions; b455 Exercise tolerance function; b460 Sensations associated with cardiovascular and respiratory functions; b730 Muscle strength functions; b740 Muscular endurance functions; b780 Sensations associated with muscles and motor functions, both at the time of discharge from the hospital and a month after the discharge. Environmental factors (e115 Products and technologies for personal use in daily life; e225 Climate; e260 Air quality; e310 Close relatives; e355 Medical workers; e410 Relationships with immediate family members; e450 Relationships with medical workers; e580 Medical services; e585 Services in education and training) were shown to have an influence on rehabilitation process. CONCLUSION: The identified range of functioning disorders and the influence of environmental factors indicates the need for medical rehabilitation for convalescent children with lower respiratory tract infections. The rehabilitation should be multidisciplinary and involve psychological and pedagogical techniques, work with the family, and motor rehabilitation techniques to restore workload tolerance.

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Chernyavskaya, Anastasia S., e Olga I. Simonova. "Post-COVID syndrome in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases". Consilium Medicum 25, n. 8 (15 agosto 2023): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202337.

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Aim. To determine the course features of the post-COVID syndrome in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (cystic fibrosis, congenital bronchial and lung malformations, asthma). Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology of the Filatov Clinical Institute of the Sechenov University – National Medical Research Center for Children's Health from November 2020 to April 2023. The bi-directional single-center study included patients aged 1 month to 17 years 11 months who had a new coronavirus infection. The analysis included 69 patients with concomitant chronic nonspecific lung diseases: cystic fibrosis, congenital bronchial and lung malformations, and asthma. All patients were assessed at an average of 1 year (±2 months) after the new coronavirus infection using the ISARIC COVID-19 standardized questionnaire for children. The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome, the frequency of persistent symptoms, and the consequences of the new coronavirus infection in the group of children with concomitant chronic nonspecific lung diseases were determined. The rate of underlying disease exacerbations before and 1 year after COVID-19 was also retrospectively assessed. Results. One year after COVID-19 infection, patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases do not consider themselves fully recovered from the disease and experience several persistent symptoms affecting various spheres of life: fatigue, physical activity, loss of appetite, as well as cognitive impairment, including difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, slip in speech, disrupting the daily life of the child and his family members and causing learning difficulties. To improve the quality of care for children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases who survived the COVID-19, programs for rehabilitation and treatment for post-COVID syndrome are needed, considering the possibility of developing both physical and neurocognitive disorders.

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Solis, M. O., F. Vilchez Español, A. Alvarado Dafonte, M. ValverDe Barea e S. Jimenez Fernandez. "Children’s psychiatric medical history. Review". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (aprile 2021): S627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1667.

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IntroductionThe prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents varies between 5 and 22%, depending on the methodology, type of interview, samples and inclusion of the disability criterion. Between 4 and 6% of children and adolescents have severe mental disorders.ObjectivesReason for consultation. Current disease Milestones of psychomotor development. The presence of abnormal behaviors, delays in motor development, speech and socialization will be specified. As the child’s behavior depends to a large extent on the context, specific methods should be used to evaluate the child’s behavior at home, at school and in the clinical situation. Complementary exams: Genetic testing. Blood and urine tests, including toxics. EEG, polysomnography and evoked potentials. X-rays, CT-scans, MRI.MethodsThe essential source of medical history is clinical interviews. The semi-structured format is the most recommended by the different authors, because it allows some flexibility in the realization of the story, while providing a baseline to develop the interview (J. Diaz Atienza).ResultsThe diagnostic formulation must be individualized without assigning a categorial psychiatric diagnosis. (Doménech E et al).ConclusionsThe main and irreplaceable evaluation technique remains the medical history. It is important to take into account the reason for consultation and the context of both the child’s family and its ethnic, cultural and ethical characteristics. It is of the utmost importance to have and evaluate the stages of normal development and to adapt to the age that our patient has.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Sokolohorska-Nykina, Yu K., e V. D. Kuroyedova. "MYOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE IN INVESTIGATING OROFACIAL MUSCULES IN HEARING-IMPAIRED PATIENTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)". Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 21, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.21.4.189.

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This article briefly reviews the literature describing the application of electoromyography technique to investigate the muscles of the orofacial region. Muscle characteristics are an indicator of complex functional relationships of the dentofacial system. Disorders of muscle function lead to morphological changes in the normal structure of the teeth and bones of the maxillofacial area, as well as exacerbate existing bite pathologies. Today, the electromyography is considered as the latest, objective, and informative method of functional diagnostics of the dentofacial system. This study is an evidence-based method for diagnosis and evaluation of the treatment outcomes in orthodontics, and guarantees an unbiased and objective analysis of the functional state of the patient's maxillofacial apparatus at different stages: from diagnosis to treatment and after its completion. Interference electromyography, a non-invasive technique, is known as the most commonly applied in various fields of dentistry. In orthodontics, interference electromyography is used to control the remodelling of the coordination relationships between the temporal and masticatory muscles in the treatment of malocclusion. In orthodontics, the mandibular levators are of great importance, especially the masticatory muscle, the temporal muscle, the medial pterygoid muscle, and the lateral pterygoid muscle. The sublingual muscle also plays an important role in determining facial morphology. This muscle is responsible for stretching the tongue. Facial muscles, such as the orbicularis oris muscle, are also very important in orthodontics. In patients with hearing deprivation not all the muscles work, only some facial muscles function during speech. The scientific literature presents quite a few studies on the function of the facial and masticatory muscles in orthodontic patients with hearing deprivation, both in children and adults, indicating a greater activity of the masticatory muscles in such patients. However, there is no single scientific conception about the work of the orbicular oris muscle.

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de Andrade, Kelly Cristina Lira, Lilian Ferreira Muniz, Pedro de Lemos Menezes, Silvio da Silva Caldas Neto, Aline Tenório Lins Carnaúba e Mariana de Carvalho Leal. "The Value of Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex in Determining the Maximum Comfort Level of a Cochlear Implant". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, n. 04 (aprile 2018): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16117.

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AbstractOne of the most important steps for good user performance with a cochlear implant (CI) is activation and programming, aimed at determining the dynamic range. In adults, current levels are determined by psychophysical measures. In babies, small children, or individuals with multiple disorders, this procedure requires techniques that may provide inconsistent responses because of auditory inexperience or the age of the child, making it a very difficult process that demands the collaboration of both the patient and the family.To study the relationship between the electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold (ESRT) and maximum comfort level for stimulating electrodes (C-level) in postoperative CI users.Cross-sectional analytical observational case series study.We assessed 24 patients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 68 yr, submitted to CI surgery.Otoscopy and immittance. Next, an implant speech processor connected to an Itautec® computer containing the manufacturer’s software (custom sound Ep 3–2) was used, as well as an AT 235h probe inserted into the ear contralateral to the CI to capture the stapedius reflex, obtaining electrically evoked stapedius reflex thresholds.Data from the last programming, defining C-levels for each electrode studied, were extracted from the databank of each patient. The manual decay function of the AT 235h middle ear analyzer was used to observe ESRT response in a same window for a longer response capture time. Electrodes 22, 16, 11, 6, and 1 were tested when active, with the aim of using electrodes over the entire length of the CI, and ESRT was considered present when compliance was ≥0.05 ml. Stimuli, in current units, were always initiated at 20 cu above the C-level. The analysis of variance parametric test, Tukey’s honest significant difference test, the t-test, Wilcoxon nonparametric test, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test examined whether significant relationships existed between these other factors.The results demonstrate that all the electrodes selected for the study exhibited higher mean reflex threshold values than their mean C-level counterparts. However, there was no significant difference between them, for electrodes 1, 6, 11, and 16. The data provided allow the use of ESRT to define C-level values and make it possible to stipulate a correction factor ranging between 6 and 25.6 electrical units.The use of electrically evoked stapedius reflex thresholds can help the team in charge of programming CIs, making the process faster and safer, mainly for infants, small children, or individuals with multiple disorders.

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Allely, Clare S., Christine Puckering, Maggie Mills, Anthony D. Cox, Janneke Evans e Hilary Maddox. "The impact of the Mellow Parenting programme on later measures of childhood verbal IQ". Educational and Child Psychology 31, n. 4 (dicembre 2014): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2014.31.4.30.

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Aim(s):Development of language is one of the most remarkable and pivotal achievements in early childhood with the majority of children learning to talk by the age of three years. Good language development has major social and academic advantages. Poor language development puts them at an increased risk of behaviour problems, psychiatric disorders, and later educational failure. However, as many as 20 per cent of parents in the UK have concerns over their children’s speech and language development. Early childhood is the most effective and cost-efficient time to ensure that all children develop their full potential.Method/Rationale:The present study investigated the impact of an evaluated parenting programme, Mellow Parenting, delivered when the child was aged between 3 and 5 years on verbal IQ using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), and compared the findings to a control group who experienced Care as Usual in nearby nurseries.Findings:The Mellow Parenting programme resulted in a 7.89 point increase in verbal IQ by the target group, sustained over 18 months, using the WPPSI. No such effect was seen in a contrast group, who experienced Care as Usual in nearby nurseries. The programme aims to help them make changes in their relationships including increasing positive parent-child interaction.Conclusions:The present study found that the group intervention, contrasted with Care as Usual in neighbouring family centres, resulted in a clinically significant improvement in the children’s verbal IQ of a magnitude to enable them to enter the school system with age appropriate verbal skills.

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