Tesi sul tema "Spectroscopie sur point unique"
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Chauvin, Nicolas. "Spectroscopie de la boîte quantique unique dans les systèmes InAs sur InP et InAs sur GaAs émettant à 1,3 µm : application aux sources localisées". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0051/these.pdf.
Testo completoQuantum dots are very promising in the field of quantum information which requires the use of single photons for quantum cryptography or quantum calculation. Thus, it is necessary to understand the physic of single InAs/GaAs and InAs/InP quantul dots emitting in 1. 3 to 1. 5 micrometer spectral range, wavelengths adapted for the transmission through optical fibres. In this thesis, we studied the exciton-biexciton complex, the fine structure splitting, the impact of the temperature and charged excitons in single quantum dots. We observed the dependence of the biexciton binding energy and of the fine structure splitting as a function of the InAs/InP quantum dot size. Moreover, the studies as a function of the temperature showed that the linewidth of the exciton recombination is in the meV range nitrogen temperature and in the 10-15 me V range at room temperature for the InAs/GaAs dots
Prin, Elise. "Propriétés optiques fondamentales de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs individuels aux températures cryogéniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0182.
Testo completoSemiconductor nanocrystals exhibit outstanding optical and electronic properties due to the quantum confinement of their charge carriers, making them valuable for various applications in optoelectronics, light-emitting devices, and spin-based technologies. Understanding the physics of the band-edge exciton, whose recombination is at the origin of their photoluminescence, is crucial for developing these applications. This thesis focuses on the experimental study of the optical properties of indium phosphide and lead halide perovskites nanocrystals. Using magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy onsingle nanocrystals at low temperatures, we reveal spectral fingerprints highly sensitive to nanocrystal morphologies and elucidate the entire band-edge exciton fine structure and charge-complex binding energies. In InP/ZnS/ZnSe nanocrystals, the evolution of photoluminescence spectra and decays under magnetic fields show evidence for a ground dark exciton level lying less than a millielectronvolt below the bright exciton triplet, findings supported by a model accounting for the shape anisotropy of the InPcore. In lead halide perovskites, we demonstrate that the ground exciton state is dark and lies several millielectronvolts below the lowest bright exciton sublevels, settling the debate on the bright-dark exciton level ordering in these materials. Combining our results with spectroscopic measurements on various perovskite nanocrystal compounds, we establish universal scaling laws relating exciton fine structure splitting, trion and biexciton binding energies to the band-edge exciton energy in lead-halide perovskitenanostructures, regardless of their chemical composition. Lastly, preliminary spectroscopy analyses on perovskite nanorods with a high aspect ratio suggest their potential as candidates for quantum light emitters due to their characteristic single emission line
Busson, Mickaël. "Nano-Antennes Assemblées sur ADN et Alimentées par un Émetteur Quantique Unique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815549.
Testo completoHeurtault, Stéphane. "Propagation d'une piqûre unique de corrosion sur acier inoxydable austénitique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066443.
Testo completoThe electrochemical characterization of metastable events such as pitting corrosion of stainless steel in chloride electrolyte remains complex because many individual processes may occur simultaneously on the alloy surface. To overcome these difficulties, an experimental setup, the flow micro-device, has been developed to achieve the initiation of a single pit and to propagate the single pit in three dimensions. In this work, we take advantage of such a device in order to revisit the pitting process on a 316L stainless steel in a chloride – sulphate bulk. In a first step, the time evolution of the pit geometry (depth, radius) and the chemical evolution of the pit solution investigated using in situ Raman spectroscopy have shown that the pit depth propagation depends on the formation of a metal chloride and sulphate gel in the pit solution, and is controlled by the metallic cations diffusion from the pit bottom to the pit mouth. The pit radius growth is defined by the initial surface depassivation, by the presence of a pit cover and by the gel development in the solution. All of these phenomena are function of applied potential and chemical composition of the solution. In a last step, it was demonstrated that a critical chloride concentration is needed in order to maintain the pit propagation. This critical concentration slightly increases with the pit depth. From statistical analysis performed on identical experiments, a zone diagram showing the pit stability as a function of the chloride concentration and the pit dimensions was built
Lermusiaux, Laurent. "Nanostructures plasmoniques dynamiques assemblées sur ADN". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066007/document.
Testo completoWe demonstrate how gold nanoparticle dimers assembled around a single DNA template exhibiting a specific recognition site, provide a macroscopic optical signal depending on their chemical environment. Electrophoresis enables us to produce purified suspensions of gold nanoparticle dimers, with particle diameters ranging from 8 to 60 nm, with different surface chemistries and sample purities as high as 90%. The DNA template features a hairpin loop in order to switch its shape reversibly when binding a target DNA strand. Interparticle distances are estimated using cryo-electron microscopy and indicate a reversible change of the surface-to-surface distance by a factor of 3 in the case of 8 nm diameter gold particles. In order to translate the dynamic switching of a single DNA scaffold in a measurable optical signal, we study the scattering cross-sections of single 40 nm or 60 nm diameter gold nanoparticle dimers, in microfluidic conditions. We are able to progressively decrease the interparticle distance, at the nanometer scale, by increasing the local salt concentration. This deformation results in a spectral shift of the resonance (up to 100 nm) corresponding to a decrease of the interparticle distance from 20 to 1 nm. Moreover, the good correlation between the spectral responses of individual dimers, estimated using a spectrometer or a CCD color camera, enables us to demonstrate a wide-field low-cost detection method of the nanometric deformation of these nanostructures. Using amphiphilic ligands enables us to optimize the colloidal stability of gold nanoparticle dimers in order to minimize their sensitivity to the local ionic strength and temperature changes
Vicomte, Marie. "Définition et mise au point d'une sonde mini-saoz pour l'étude de l'impact des orages tropicaux sur la composition chimique de la stratosphère". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066185.
Testo completoThe convective overshooting are phenomena known for a long time above the tropical continents. They are suspected to be a major source of tropospheric very short lived species, humidification by ice crystals injection, and possibly NOx formed by lightning in the lower stratosphere. However, measurements next and above such cumulo-nimbus clouds are not an easy task. The mini SAOZ is a UV-Visible spectrometer developed in LATMOS since 2009 on more advanced technology. This instrument is making measurements of atmospheric profiles of minor chemical species (O3, H2O, NO2, O4, O2, BrO, OClO,CH2O) by solar occultation. With its new high performance and light-weight payload, the mini-SAOZ is embedded on small balloons for studying the tropical convection. Two flights of qualification have taken place in Kiruna in 2010 and 2011 with the support of CNES. The results of the spectral analysis and the different problems met during the flights have permitted improvements of the instrument to be qualified for the next flights in tropics. Two flights of mini-SAOZ have been operated during the TRO-pico campaign, in 2012, whose objective was to better understand the impact of the tropical convection on the stratospheric chemical composition. The comparisons with other instruments validate the performances of the mini-SAOZ. However, the measurements get through this thesis don’t still permit to prove with certainty the mechanisms linked to the tropical convection
Moulin, Nicolas. "Influence des ions manganese sur la structure de bandes au point l de la zone de brillouin pour differents semiconducteurs semimagnetiques et sur le spectre de photoconductivite de znmnte". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20009.
Testo completoPineau, Charles-Henri. "La spectroscopie hépatique par résonance magnétique du phosphore 31 : mise au point de protocoles d'études sur des cohortes à 1,5 et 2 tesla". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23095.
Testo completoKaram, Habib. "Mise au point de la mesure de sections efficaces de réactions (n,XN) par spectroscopie γ prompte sur des cibles très radioactives". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6014.
Testo completoThe “Bataille” law obliged the CNRS to develop researches on the reprocessing of the nuclear waste. It is in this frame that our group GRACE (Groupe de Recherche sur l’Aval du Cycle Electronucléaire) of the IPHC began researches that contribute to the development of the hybrid reactors. However, the field of research widened because it now includes studies to develop the Thorium cycle. GRACE has undertaken measurements of (n,xng) reactions cross sections badly known or for which no measurement exists yet. The experiments were performed at the “white” neutron beam generated by GELINA facility in Geel, Belgium. The time of flight technique was applied. The g spectroscopy used for these measurements requires the detection of g rays with a good energy resolution. Because of the existence of a g flash created at the same time as the neutron beam, a short dead time is also required, to be able to detect the high energy neutrons. GRACE managed to conciliate these two imperatives by finalizing a new method based on the digital treatment of the signal. Using large HPGe coaxial detectors, (n,xng) cross sections measurements on the 206,207,208Pb nuclei were successfully realized at a 200 m flight path. The work presented in this thesis consists in adapting the method to highly radioactive targets. For that reason, the new measurement took place on a 30 m flight path and planar germanium detectors were used. In order to check the correct functioning of the new experimental method, (n,n’g) cross section measurements on a natural lead target were done and the results found were compared with the experiments at 200 m and with the theoretical calculations of the TALYS code. After that, the partial inelastic scattering cross sections on the 182,186W were performed from the threshold up to 8 Mev. Finally, a 93,2% enriched 235U target was bombarded and three transitions due to the 235U(n,2ng)234U reaction were successfully analysed including the one from the 8+ to the 6+ state, never measured before. This work is an essential step for using this new method in order to measure the (n,2ng) reaction cross sections on the highly radioactive 233U isotope
Bounouar, Samir. "Corrélation de photons sur un émetteur de photons uniques semi-conducteur à température ambiante". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727393.
Testo completoVanlerberghe, Aldo. "Mise au point et applications de la spectrométrie IR-TF à l'analyse par réflexion externe et diffuse des films formés par adsorption et frottement des additifs de lubrifiant sur surfaces métalliques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30033.
Testo completoErtlen, Damien. "Archivage pédologique et dynamiques environnementales : mise au point d’une méthode de reconnaissance des paléovégétations, fondée sur l'analyse spectroscopique dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR) des matières organiques de sols et paléosols". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/ERTLEN_Damien_2009.pdf.
Testo completoOur goal is to develop a new tool to study spatial and temporal dynamics of palaeo-vegetation. The limits of existing methods to reconstruct past environment of Holocene and Pleistocene at local scale are the starting point of our approach. Our work is to develop a method to study soil memory based on the principles of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS measures the absorbance of a material on the spectral range 1100-2500 nm. The spectrum collected discriminates many components of this material. It provides a "fingerprint" of organic matter. That is why, it has been used for a long time in many industrial sectors. In soil science, it has been mostly used to quantify the soil constituents. In our work, we focus on the nature of soil organic matter that is related to the types of present and past vegetation. Therefore, we test a qualitative approach of combining the spectrum of a soil sample to a type of vegetation. Our approach consists of three stages. The first is to measure the spectrum of organic matter whose origin is known. Thus, we analyze samples of topsoils from sites where the vegetation is known for at least 150 years. A wide range of ecosystems and soil types are represented in a spectral library. The separation between the soils under grassland and under forests is very clear. Finer distinctions between different forest types are also observed. In the second stage, we check the potential of the method on degraded organic matter in complete profiles. The knowledge of palaeovegetation across the millennium is provided by conventional palaeoecological methods. We distinguish the patterns of evolution with high stability of vegetation from the patterns with one or several changes of vegetation. Comparing the spectra of deep horizons with the reference surface horizons enables to reconstruct scenarios that are chronologically calibrated through the contribution of an organic matter turnover model. In the third stage, we examine buried soils. Their spectral signature indicates the nature of the vegetation cover before the burial of the palaeosoil. However, these last results should be considered carefully due to few complementary palaeoecological data. The results reveal a great potential of the NIRS in studies of paleovegetation at local scales. Scenarios of changes proposed for several studied sites confirm the existing results or bring new elements to the study of palaeovegetation in relation to human impact in Alsace during the Holocene. However, in terms of ecosystem and geographical perspective, methodological investigations should continue towards broadening of the reference surface. References of deep horizons and palaeosols should also be consolidated by further palaeoecological studies. This work also opens up opportunities for other applications such as tracing of terrigenous materials in the water flow
Martel, Richard. "Mise au point d'un spectromètre HREELS basé sur le principe de compensation aux aberrations et son application à l'étude de la chimie de surface induite par l'impact d'électrons lents". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26316.
Testo completoFelix, Olivia. "Etude thermodynamique de la sorption de l'uranyle sur la monazite et la magnétite". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737326.
Testo completoErtlen, Damien. "Archivages pédologique et dynamiques environnementales : Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de reconnaissance des paléovégétations, fondée sur l'analyse spectroscopique dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR) des matières organiques de sols et paléosols". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551528.
Testo completoDutta, Bivas. "Energétique dans les dispositifs à un seul électron basés sur des îlots métalliques et des points quantiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY055/document.
Testo completoAt this age of technologically advanced world, the electronic devices are getting more and more densely packed with micro-electronic elements of nano-scale dimension. As a result the heat dissipation produced in these microelectronic-circuits is also increasing immensely, causing a huge amount of energy loss without any use. The textit{thermoelectric effects} come into play here as one can use this wasted heat to produce some useful work with the help of thermoelectric conversion. In order to achieve such a textit{heat engine} with a reasonably high efficiency, one needs to understand its thermal behavior at the basic level. Therefore, the study of thermal transport and thermoelectric effect in nano-structures has significant importance both from scientific and application point of view.In this thesis we present the experimental studies of thermal and thermoelectric transport in different kinds of single-electron devices, where the electronic flow can be controlled at the single electron level.First, we demonstrate the measurement of gate-controlled heat transport in a Single-Electron Transistor ($SET$), acting as a heat switch between two heat reservoirs. The measurement of temperature of the leads of the $SET$ allows us to determine its thermal conductance with the help of a steady state heat-balance among all possible paths of heat flow. The comparison of thermal conductance of the $SET$ with its electrical conductance indicates a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law away from the charge degeneracy.Second, we extend the study of thermal transport in single-electron devices to the quantum limit, where in addition to the Coulomb interactions the quantum effects are also need to be taken into account, and therefore the individual discrete electronic levels take part in the transport process. We discuss the heat-balance between two heat reservoirs, coupled through a single Quantum-Dot ($QD$) level, and the dissipation of the tunneling electrons on the leads. This produces Coulomb-diamond shapes in the electronic-temperature map of the `source' lead, as a function of bias and gate voltage.Third, we present the measurement of thermoelectric transport in a single $QD$ junction, starting from the weak coupling regime to the strong coupling-Kondo regime. The experiments introduces a new way of measuring thermovoltage realizing a close to perfect open-circuit condition. The thermopower in a weakly coupled $QD$ shows an expected `$e$' periodic behavior with the gate-induced charge, while it shows a distinct `$2e$' periodic feature in the presence of Kondo spin-correlation. The temperature dependence study of the Kondo-correlated thermopower reveals the fact that the Kondo-resonance is not always pinned to the Fermi level of the leads but it can be slightly off, in agreement with the theoretical predictions.This study opens the door for accessing a single $QD$ junction to operate it as a $QD$-heat engine, where the thermodynamic properties of the device are governed by the laws of textit{quantum thermodynamics}
Arbault, Stéphane. "Mise au point d'une methode de detection ex-vivo du peroxyde d'hydrogene par ultramicroelectrodes sur cellule humaine unique : applications a la mise en evidence et a la mesure en temps reel d'un stress oxydatif de fibroblastes transformes par sv#4#0 et de lymphocytes de patients vih#+". Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077160.
Testo completoDevaux, Floriane. "Synthesis and AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy of helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0346.
Testo completoFoldamers are artificial folded molecular architectures inspired by the structures and functions of natural biopolymers. Folding is the process selected by nature to control the conformation of its molecular machinery to carry out chemical functions and mechanical tasks, such as en-zyme catalysis, duplication in nucleic acids, force generation,... During the last decade of research on foldamers, synthetic oligomers able to adopt well- defined and predictable folded conformations, such as helices, have been proposed. Recent progress has shown that stepwise chemical synthesis and molecular design based on aromatic oligoamide backbones enable to produce large helically folded molecular architectures. The shape and stiffness of the backbone, local conformational preferences, specific interactions between distant monomers in sequences, as well as the action of external parameters such as the solvent or the presence of ions, can be combine to induce folding tendency. A remarkable aspect of these architectures is that they can give rise to folded patterns that have no in natural counterparts biopolymer structures. For instance, helices whose diameter varies along the se-quence, helices possessing a handedness inversion centre, herringbone helices have been reported. While the structures of these helical molecules have been well characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, much less is known about their dynamic behavior in solution. Their mechanochemical properties are unknown. The objective of the project is to synthesize various helical nanorchitectures based on an oli-goamide aromatic backbone and to obtain a detailed picture of their dynamical conformation in solution, as well as, their mechanochemical properties, by AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy
Asano, Marie. "Design, synthesis and single molecule force spectroscopy of biosynthetic polypeptides". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0163/document.
Testo completoProteins fold by the initial, preferential folding of secondarystructures 1, 2, however surprisingly little is known about the basic mechanicalproperties of isolated α-helices and β-sheets from an experimental standpoint.Previous investigations into studying the generic unfolding behaviour of α-heliceshave proved inconclusive 3-5, and to our knowledge the study of an isolated,intramolecular β-sheet is unprecedented.Bioinspired PEG114-b-poly(L-glutamic acid)85-(2-pyridyl disulphide),PEG114-b-poly(L-lysine)134-(2-pyridyl disulphide) and PEG114-b-poly(Llysine)134–b-PEG114 were designed, synthesized and utilized as model systems toprobe the mechanical properties of α-helix and β-sheet secondary motifs. Theobtained results were shown to be in good agreement with theoretical resultsobtained by utilizing a AGAGIR-based statistical mechanical model 6. Thedifference in unravelling force comparing the helices of poly(L-Lysine) ≈30 pNand poly(L-glutamic acid) ≈20 pN diblock copolymers was attributed to thediffering hydrophobicity of the side chains. The greater hydrophobicity of thelysine allowed greater interactions between the side chains and sterically hinderedrandom helix-coil fluctuations, which lead to a superior α-helix stability. Whenexperiments were conducted in conditions promoting the solubility of the lysineside chains, the interactions decreased to a force of ≈20 pN, similar to the force ofinteractions observed for the poly(L-glutamic acid). We infer that a minimum of≈20 pN is needed to rupture the hydrogen bonding maintaining the α-helix as thisforce was obtained in conditions where the side chain interactions wereminimized.The presence of constant force plateaus and corresponding inflectionsdemonstrates a length independent unfolding force, which supports a turn-by-turnunfolding mechanism for the α-helix.In addition, the greater hydrophobicity of the side chains was suggestedto not only stabilize the α-helix structure, but also to inhibit the formation of anintermediate metastable β-hairpin-like structure when entropic forces dominate.Preliminary studies were also conducted on the PEG114-b-poly(LLysine)134-(2-pyridyl disulphide) system after a α-β transition had been inducedby heat in basic conditions, where an inflection at a much higher force of ≈ 70 pNwas obtained suggesting the formation of a β-sheet interaction.A bottom-up, investigative strategy has thus been successfully proposeddemonstrating the potential of utilizing such artificial systems to simplify andexemplify real biological systems. The comprehension of these simpler isolatedmodels will no doubt aid the understanding of more complex systems
Polat, Songül. "Combined use of 3D and hyperspectral data for environmental applications". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES049.
Testo completoEver-increasing demands for solutions that describe our environment and the resources it contains, require technologies that support efficient and comprehensive description, leading to a better content-understanding. Optical technologies, the combination of these technologies and effective processing are crucial in this context. The focus of this thesis lies on 3D scanning and hyperspectral technologies. Rapid developments in hyperspectral imaging are opening up new possibilities for better understanding the physical aspects of materials and scenes in a wide range of applications due to their high spatial and spectral resolutions, while 3D technologies help to understand scenes in a more detailed way by using geometrical, topological and depth information. The investigations of this thesis aim at the combined use of 3D and hyperspectral data and demonstrates the potential and added value of a combined approach by means of different applications. Special focus is given to the identification and extraction of features in both domains and the use of these features to detect objects of interest. More specifically, we propose different approaches to combine 3D and hyperspectral data depending on the HSI/3D technologies used and show how each sensor could compensate the weaknesses of the other. Furthermore, a new shape and rule-based method for the analysis of spectral signatures was developed and presented. The strengths and weaknesses compared to existing approach-es are discussed and the outperformance compared to SVM methods are demonstrated on the basis of practical findings from the field of cultural heritage and waste management.Additionally, a newly developed analytical method based on 3D and hyperspectral characteristics is presented. The evaluation of this methodology is based on a practical exam-ple from the field of WEEE and focuses on the separation of materials like plastics, PCBs and electronic components on PCBs. The results obtained confirms that an improvement of classification results could be achieved compared to previously proposed methods.The claim of the individual methods and processes developed in this thesis is general validity and simple transferability to any field of application