Tesi sul tema "Spectroscopie d'absorption in vivo"
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Hani, Umama. "Regulation of cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB044.
Testo completoPhotosynthesis acts as the main gateway for energy production in natural environments and relies on the electron flow via several complexes in the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms. The major flux is “linear” electron transport, which involves the transfer of electrons from water to NADP⁺, coupled with the ATP synthesis. Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by manganese cluster (Mn₄CaO₅) at photosystem II (PSII). To ensure an optimal balance between the amount of energy produced and consumed, photosynthetic organisms divert part of the harvested light energy from “linear” to “alternative” electron transport pathways. Among those pathways are cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport around Photosystem I (PSI), which supplies extra ATP to meet metabolic demands. Moreover, specialized redox systems, called " thioredoxins " are responsible for maintaining the redox status and fast acclimation of plants to constantly fluctuating environments, which could otherwise lead to toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We studied the effects of manganese (Mn) excess and deficiency on photosynthetic electron transport in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We have shown that Mn homeostasis has an effect at both metabolic and photosynthetic levels. Moreover, we have studied the in vivo redox changes of P700 and PC using KLAS-NIR spectrophotometer and have shown that Mn deficiency seems to enhance cyclic electron transport (CET), that may indicate the presence of supercomplexes containing PSI and cytochrome b6f complex. The second part of this PhD focused on the redox regulation of oxygen reduction (pseudocyclic electron transport) at the PSI acceptor side. By using indirect spin trapping EPR spectroscopy, we have shown that Arabidopsis thaliana wild type plants generate more ROS in short day (SD) photoperiod than in long day (LD) photoperiod. Further, the current study highlighted the role of several players in redox regulation; including thioredoxins and several other lumenal and stromal proteins. Moreover, I explored that the transfer of reducing powers from stroma to lumen is mediated by a protein called CCDA and that reversible attachment of Trxm to the thylakoid membrane acts as the driving force for higher ROS under the SD light regime. Overall, this research establishes a strong connection between cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport in terms of thioredoxins mediated redox regulations and also paves the way to further explore CET under different stress conditions
Le, Guyader Laurent. "Utilisation de sondes pyréniques in vivo pour caractériser l'état de phase global de la membrane plasmique de cellules eucaryotes : application à la détection de la liaison d'agonistes au récepteur "delta" opioïde murin". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/53/.
Testo completoThe development of tools for the screening of new receptors’ agonists is a major issue for pharmaceutical research. Currently, the main targets used are the G-protein coupled receptor of the plasma membrane which the activation trigger the signaling pathways involved in many cell functions. The goal of this thesis is the detection, using a spectrofluorometry approach in vivo, of the signaling pathway ignition by the mouse delta opioid receptor (mDOR). DOR is assumed to generate a relocalisation of some lipids (cholesterol) while agonist binding leading to the formation of a liquid-ordered phase (lo). Thus two fluorescent probes have been synthesized, which the 3beta-hydroxy-pregn-5-ene-21-(1-methylpyrenyl)-20-methylidene. Data from calorimetry and RMN-2H studies show that this probe induces the same lipid membranes disturbance than cholesterol. Absorption data of the probe allowed the assessment of a self-association process of cholesterol in model membranes, which is as a function of the acyl-chains saturation degree of phospholipids. Then the polarity sensitive property of the probe has been used to distinguish between ld and lo phases in model membranes. Finally, we incorporated the probes in CHO cells over-expressing mDOR to monitor, by fluorescence spectroscopy, the mean phase state change of the plasma membrane triggered by a mDOR agonist. This is the first step of a new screening approach
Dossou, Samuel. "Spectres induits et fonction d'autocorrélation de H2 sous haute pression". Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132014.
Testo completoMathonière, Corine. "Spectroscopie d'absorption de composes polynuclaires : complementarite avec proprietes magnetiques". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112233.
Testo completoGotte, Vincent. "Etudes structurales par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X polarisés". Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0248_GOTTE.pdf.
Testo completoSarger, Laurent. "Extension à l'ultra-violet de la spectroscopie d'absorption saturée". Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10605.
Testo completoLe, Garrec Hélène. "Etude et optimisation de la limite de détection en spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique : contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes en milieu eaux naturelles". Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2006.
Testo completoDouahi, Adel. "Contributions au développement d'une microhorloge CPT : étude des microcellules à vapeur de césium". Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2047.
Testo completoThis thesis presents contributions to the development of a CPT (Coherent Population Trapping) micro-clock, the work is focused on the : study, development and characterization of cesium vapor microcells. The micro-clock are about the size of few cubic centimeters, consume less than 75 thousandths of a watt enabling the clock to be operated on batteries (type AAA for example) and are stable to one part in I0 billion, equivalent to a deviation of one second every 300 years. This clock will consist of an integrated system (MEMS) with a diode laser modulated (at half the frequency transition hyper-fine), a cell containing Cesium vapor and a photo detector. The principle is the coherent population trapping witch allows to obtain a resonance curve without Doppler effect and without recourse to a resonant cavity microwave. This "physics package" could be fabricated and assembled on semiconductor wafers using existing techniques for making micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), offering the potential for low-cost mass production of an atomic clock permitting easy integration in electronics devices. Moreover, we present the realization of micro-cell absorption witch is a problem in itself because it involves the study of phenomena of degassing in small volumes, problems of collisions of atoms with walls. A completely original technology for generating vapor cesium once the cell is sealed is presented. We believe that this technology will solve the problems of reliability and long-term drift inherent in the proposed technologies elsewhere. A patent has been tiled to protect this new technology. A theoretical study of linear and nonlinear absorption has been conducted to prove the feasibility of a micro-clock with cesium microcell with buffer gas. Finally, optoelectronic components and spectroscopic measures are also presented
Chambin, Odile. "Validation d'un modele d'absorption percutanee ex vivo : approche correlative avec des parametres in vivo". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOPE02.
Testo completoChung, Chia-Ling. "Study of DNA- SWNT conjugation for nanoelectronic purposes : realisation of transistors and SWNT positioning in DNA T scaffold". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112033.
Testo completoIn this thesis DNA has been envisioned as a scaffold for self assembly of SWNTS circuits on a substrate to realise this ambitious vision, several steps are needed and we address three of them in this thesis : I) DNA SWNT conjugation experiments. We test two approaches: covalent Approach (chapter2) and non –convalent approach (chapter 3). In order to evaluate which approach is suitable to fabricate DNA assembled SWNT-FET. Our results reveal that non-convalent approach by biotin-streptavidin system is the more appropriate for our DNA-based SWNT-FET fabrication, because of its superior linkage yield. (II) The assembly of a T-Shape DNA scaffold. In chapiter 4, we present a three branched DNA scaffold which can be the template of a SWNT field effect transistor. We design an artificial three branched DNA structure that mimics the geometry of an individual gated transistor. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to design sub-micrometric branched DNA structures for a given function, and directly an specifically localize one SWNT onto a three armed functionalized DNA template. (III) Finally, the fabrication of bio-directed SWNT-FET (chapter 5) through the following steps : (A) formation of DNA SWNT complexes using biotin-streptavidin system, (B) selective DNA metallization, (C) fabrication of electrode contacts on the metallized DNA strand by lithography and (D) the conductivity measurement the results reveal, the feasibility of the approach ant that our bio-directed SWNT-FET presents the typical P type SWNT-FET
Motto-Ros, Vincent Rairoux Patrick. "Cavités de haute finesse pour la spectroscopie d'absorption haute sensibilité et haute précision application à l'étude de molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique /". Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/43/97/PDF/these_VMR.pdf.
Testo completoGueye, Fatou Ka. "Développement dans l'infrarouge d'une méthode de spectroscopie d'absorption de haute sensiblité". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112366.
Testo completoAn ultra-sensitive infra-red spectroscopic method was developed by carrying out the coupling of the Intra Cavity Laser Absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) and of the Time resolved Fourier Transform spectroscopy (TRFTS). Three lasers based on different amplifying mediums were developed and/or used. These active cavities enable us to obtain on great spectral fields kilometric lengths of absorption, from which the very high sensitivity rises. We first of all developed an experiment using VCSELs semiconductors lasers at 1 [mu]m. Spectra of H2O, CO2 and C2H2 were recorded. We succeeded in showing the possibility of obtaining intensities of lines, with the analysis of the acetylene spectra, whereas it was not possible to obtain intensities with method ICLAS before. In the area 1. 5 [mu]m, an experiment of spectroscopy intracavity with a laser with solid based on a crystal Cr4+:YAG was installed. After one period of characterization with atmospheric water we installed the laser under vacuum. The assembly is now usable for the recording of molecular spectra intracavity. The great accordability (1. 38-1. 57 [mu]m) and the extent of the spectral field of simultaneous emission (100cm-1) obtained make of this laser particularly interesting system. We also succeeded in extending spectroscopy ICLAS in the mid infra-red to 2. 5 [mu]m with a laser Cr2+:ZnSe. The weak bands CO2 2v3-v2 and 2v3+v2-v2 which are present in Venus spectra, carried out in 1973, were observed for the first time in laboratory
MOGUILINE, ERIC. "Evaluation et developpement de detecteurs semiconducteurs pour la spectroscopie d'absorption x". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10240.
Testo completoRaynaud, Christophe. "Spectroscopie d'absorption et d'émission des excitons dans les nanotubes de carbone". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC199/document.
Testo completoThe optical properties of carbon nanotubes are ideally described by the physicsof a one-dimensional object, giving rise in particular to the emergence of excitons todescribe the optical transitions of these objects. The optical experiments (emission,absorption) carried out on these objects at ambient temperature and on ensemblesconfirm the theoretical predictions based on the physics of 1D objects. But atcryogenic temperature and at the single emitter scale, the optical properties observedexperimentally are systematically different from those of a 1D object. One can citethe emergence of properties such as photon antibunching, which largely contributed tothe intensification of research on these objects for applications in quantum photonics.These properties are attributed to the localization of excitons along the nanotube axisin local potential wells (traps) created randomly by the interaction of nanotubes withtheir environment. The optical properties are then close to those of 0D objects, andare strongly modulated by the environment. The mechanisms and the origin of thelocalization and the physical knowledge of these traps are still very limited. This workshows on the one hand the development of an absorption setup on individual objectand the characterization of its sensitivity, and on the other hand the statistical studyof the emission of nanotubes at cryogenic temperature in a micro-photoluminescencesetup. The results obtained in the later setup by a super-resolution technique coupledwith hyper-spectral imaging show the characteristic quantities of potential wellswithin individual nanotubes. An experimental excitation-resolved photoluminescencesetup implemented during this work also showed a modification of the fundamentalexcitonic state by the environment, with the emergence of a spatial and spectraldiscretization of the delocalized ground state in a multitude of localized states
Bohr, Frédéric. "Calcul théorique de spectres d'absorption X avec l'approche de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT)". Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0097_BOHR.pdf.
Testo completoCourtois, Jérémie. "Développement de systèmes multipassages pour application à la spectroscopie d'absorption : cavity ring down spectroscopy multimode et cellule à passages multiples". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112286.
Testo completoMultipassages systems constitute one of the ways to increase the sensitivity of optical probing of gaseous species status trace or with low optical transitions. It involves of trapping, literally, the light between two (or more) mirrors so as to make efficient laser-matter interaction. In this case, we are looking for an absorption spectroscopic tool sufficiently rapid and sensitive for transitional metrology of molecular oxygen (O2) in the F4 hypersonic flow facility. This thesis work presents developments carried out on two multipass systems: Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) and multipass cells. Relative to the CRDS technique, the rapid and continuous scheme implemented at Onera presents an insufficient spectral sampling to ensure workplaces metrology low-pressure (Doppler scheme) by small cavities. This study examines the transverse structure of a fractionnellement degenerate cavity. We highlight also, and then characterize, the behavior of a high finesse cavity which if off-axis excited and which suffers, naturally, a weak astigmatism. As an alternative to the determination of the O2 in the workplace "inhospitable" (F4), we also present developments on non resonant multipass cells
Champloy, Frédéric. "Etude structurale de complexes du cuivre, modèles de la dopamine beta hydroxylase par spectroscopie d'absorption X". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30001.
Testo completoCassan, Nicolas. "Interactions et transferts d'électrons entre la ferrédoxine de Synechocystis PCC 6803 et deux de ses partenaires solubles : la ferrédoxine-NADP+-réductase et la nitrite réductase". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112163.
Testo completoDuring the photosynthetic process, the reaction center of photosystem i (psi) reduces soluble ferredoxin. This electron carrier interacts with several soluble partners involved in different assimilation pathways. We st udied the interaction between ferredoxin and two ferredoxin dependent enzymes: ferredoxin nadp+ reductase, a fad protein involved in carbon assimilation, and nitrite reductase, a [4fe-4s] cluster and siroheme enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation. Nitrite reductase (nir) catalysesitie six-electron reduction from nitrite to ammonia. Ferredoxin nadp+ reduciase (fnr) catalyses the two electron reduction from nadp+ to nadph both enzymes use ferredoxin as electron donor. Flash-absoption spectroscopy allowed us to study electron transfer kinetics from photosystem i down to the ferredoxin partner the kinetic constants for reduction of the partners and the dissociation rate constant of reduced fd from psi were determined. We also determined difference spectra for the 1 and 2 electrons reduction of the partners as well as their redox potentials of first reduction we determined the turnover of the two proteins. In addition, fd mutants modified in the midpoint potential were studied following the same method. We found that mutants of ferredoxin can be classified in two families: the first one exhibits a dissociation rate from psi that is consistent with a simple dissociation model whereas this rate depends on the redox state of fd in the second one
Houel, Julien. "Polarons de boîtes quantiques InAs/GaAs : microscopie et spectroscopie d’absorption de boîtes uniques et d’ensembles". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112290.
Testo completoBirken, Isabelle. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs de fluoration par spectroscopie d'absorption X et spectroscopie de perte d'énergie des électrons transmis". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0024.
Testo completoGuernet, François. "Spectroscopie d'absorption saturée à ultra haute résolution par sélection de molécules lentes et détection hétérodyne". Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA132030.
Testo completoDiehr, Matthieu. "Spectroscopie rovibrationnelle théorique de l'ozone : génération du spectre d'absorption à température ambiante". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0291.
Testo completoIn order to understand the ozone behaviour in atmospheric chemistry, but also to monitor its abundance, one needs a good knowledge of the spectral parameters. In this work, one shows that it is now possible to study the rovibrationnal spectroscopy of an asymmetric top molecule with three heavy atoms. This is done by the way of the computational chemistry and is applied to the electronic ground state of ozone. The electronic ab initio calculations are able to provide highly correlated wave functions and reach a large amount of the correlation energy. The given potential and dipole moment surfaces are precise and are expressed in a compact and handy form. This surfaces are essential in order to compute the spectral data, including the absolute line intensities. They are obtained here by using a variational code with a exact kinetic energy operator, optimized for this problem. This allow us, for the first time, to study from the first principles, a large number of rovibrationnal levels (up to J=64) for a molecule with three heavy atoms. The results lead to the construction of a spectroscopic database containing around 32 millions lines in a good agreement with the actual experimental data
Bénilan, Yves. "Spectroscopie d'absorption uv a basse temperature et etude de l'atmosphere de titan". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066525.
Testo completoGervais, Antoine. "Guides d'onde sur silicium pour la détection du méthane par spectroscopie d'absorption". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66313.
Testo completoIn the context of climate change, affordable, but effective and autonomous methane sensors are required to monitor the emissions and the concentration of this potent greenhouse gas in the atmosphere of remote areas, like in northern environments. A promising solution to this need comes from silicon photonics, an integrated optics platform. Integrated waveguides are an essential component for on-chip detection by absorption spectroscopy, where they play the dual role of routing and transducer. Thus, this project aims at improving the performance of the waveguide for this application. The use of slow-light subwavelength grating waveguides (SWG) is proposed to enhance the light-matter interaction. Their periodic segmentation has the effect that a large fraction of the light is propagating through the air, the medium of interest to probe. In addition, we show that the periodicity of the structure, when close but less than half the wavelength, produces the slow-light effect; i.e. the speed of guided light drops sharply. Their propagation losses and their group index are then characterized and compared to conventional strip waveguides for reference. Although the SWG waveguides have an interaction factor greater than strip waveguides, their higher propagation loss limit their performances. Strip waveguides are therefore chosen for further investigation for the sensor application., in addition to being mechanically robust, and easier to design and fabricate. Efforts for on-chip detection of methane have been made with strip waveguides, but the presence of interference fringes is the limiting factor despite the application of a signal processing technique to mitigate them. Other methods are proposed to improve the signal to noise ratio. Finally, we experimentally show that SWG waveguides can support a slow-light regime. A maximum group index of 30 is obtained and it is easily tunable, in both amplitude or wavelength, paving the way for various other applications for this type of waveguide.
Bouhennache, Tark. "Etude d'une bande élastique multistratifiée : étude spectrale et principe d'absorption limite". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11033.
Testo completoSauder, Tony. "Etude des spectres excitoniques de CuCl et CuI : influence du champ magnétique et des pressions". Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Sauder.Tony.SMZ8508.pdf.
Testo completoMarreaud, Nathalie. "Caractérisation de puits quantiques GaInAs/InP par spectrométrie magnéto-optique". Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Marreaud.Nathalie.SMZ9755.pdf.
Testo completoLa technique de spectrométrie d'absorption à basse température et sous champ magnétique (0-8 tesla) en configuration faraday est utilisée pour déterminer les paramètres structuraux réels d'hétérostructures multi-puits quantiques GaInAs/InP. Une méthode d'analyse quantitative des spectres et de leur évolution avec la valeur du champ est développée. Elle est basée sur la méthode de la fonction enveloppe avec prise en compte de la non-parabolicité des bandes par la théorie k. P. La paire électron-trou en interaction coulombienne sous champ magnétique (magnéto-exciton) est traitée par un formalisme n'imposant pas de restriction sur l'ordre de grandeur du champ et prenant en compte le mouvement des porteurs dans la direction de quantification. Le champ magnétique a pour effets d'augmenter l'écart énergétique entre les états d'un même exciton et d'intensifier les transitions. Ces effets, combinés à la multiplicité des niveaux de confinement impliqués dans les transitions permises, conduisent à des spectres particulièrement riches en informations dans le cas d'une périodicité rigoureuse de l'hétérostructure et d'une bonne homogénéité des interfaces dans leur plan. Pour chaque échantillon, les spectres sont analysés par un calcul systématique des énergies de transition magnéto-excitoniques en traitant la largeur du puits et la composition de l'alliage comme paramètres ajustables avec prise en compte de couches interfaciales graduelles dans le cas des puits les plus étroits. Dans certains cas, la meilleure interprétation des structures spectrales exige l'adoption de paramètres structuraux sensiblement différents des données nominales. Les défauts de périodicité des hétérostructures sont cernés de façon quantitative
Sakami, Mohamed. "Application des méthodes inverses à la métrologie thermique par spectrométrie infrarouge". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2278.
Testo completoPinon, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude des solutions de soufre et de polysulfures dans l'ammoniac liquide et des amines par spectroscopie UV-visible et RPE". Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10093.
Testo completoJoseph, David Cuenot Bénédicte. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs en combustion par méthode aux ordonnées discrètes sur des maillages non structurés tridimensionnels". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000016.
Testo completoMarreaud, Nathalie. "Caractérisation de puits quantiques GaInAs / InP par spectrométrie magnéto-optique". Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Marreaud.Nathalie.SMZ9755.pdf.
Testo completoKarlovets, Ekaterina. "Spectroscopie d'absorption à très haute sensitivité de différents isotopologues du dioxyde de carbone". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY027/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the investigation of the high resolution near infrared spectra of carbon dioxide and includes experimental measurements and theoretical modeling of line positions and intensities and refinement and extension of the set of effective operator parameters. The obtained results can be divided by three parts:In the first part, we present the equations for the q0 J, qJ, q2J and q3J-types parameters of the matrix elements of the effective dipole-moment operator in terms of the dipole-moment derivatives and force field constants derived by means of contact transformation method for the following carbon dioxide isotopologues: 16O12C18O, 16O12C17O, 16O13C18O, 16O13C17O, 17O12C18O and 17O13C18O. Using these equations and the obtained isotopic relations for the molecular constants, we derived the effective dipole-moment parameters for the ∆P= 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 series of transitions of the six above asymmetric carbon dioxide isotopologues (P=2V1+V2+3V3 is the polyad number where V1,V2 and V3 are the vibrational quantum numbers). The comparison of the parameters reported in the literature and obtained in this work is performed and discussed.The second part is devoted to the analysis of the room temperature absorption spectrum of highly 18O enriched carbon dioxide recorded by very high sensitivity CW-Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy between 5851 and 6990 cm-1 (1.71-1.43 µm ). Overall, 19526 transitions belonging to eleven isotopologues (12C16O2, 13C16O2, 16O12C18O, 16O12C17O, 16O13C18O, 16O13C17O, 12C18O2, 17O12C18O, 12C17O2, 13C18O2 and 17O13C18O) were assigned on the basis of the predictions of the effective Hamiltonian model. Line intensities of the weakest transitions are on the order of 2×10-29 cm/molecule. The line positions were determined with accuracy better than 1×10-3 cm-1 while the absolute line intensities are reported with an uncertainty better than 10%. All the identified bands correspond to the ∆P= 8, 9 and 10 series of transitions. The accurate spectroscopic parameters for a total of 211 bands belonging to nine isotopologues were derived. Nine resonance perturbations of the upper state rotational structure were identified for 16O12C18O, 12C18O2, 13C18O2, 16O13C18O, 16O12C17O and 17O12C18O isotopologues. New sets of Hamiltonian parameters have been obtained by the global modeling of the line positions within the effective Hamiltonian approach. Using a similar approach, the global fits of the obtained intensity values of the ∆P= 8, 9 and 10 series of transitions were used to derive the corresponding set of effective dipole moment parameters.In the third part, we report the analysis of the absorption spectrum of natural carbon dioxide by high sensitivity CW-Cavity Ring Down spectroscopy between 7909 and 8370 cm-1 (1.26-1.19 µm). Overall, 3425 transitions belonging to 61 bands of 12C16O2, 13C16O2, 16O12C18O, 16O12C17O, 16O13C18O and 16O13C17O were assigned. In the studied spectral region, all bands correspond to ∆P= 11 series of transitions. The accurate spectroscopic parameters of the upper states of 57 bands were derived from a fit of the measured line positions (typical rms deviations of about 0.6×10-3 cm-1). The global fits of the obtained intensity values of the ∆P= 11 series of transitions were used to determine the corresponding set of effective dipole moment parameters of the six studied isotopologues.The large set of new observations obtained in this thesis has an important impact on the global modeling of high resolution spectra of carbon dioxide. It has allowed refining and extending the sets of effective dipole moment and effective Hamiltonian parameters. The obtained results have allowed improving importantly the quality of the line positions and intensities in the most currently used spectroscopic databases of carbon dioxide (HITRAN, GEISA, CDSD)
Merdji, Hamed. "Etude par spectroscopie d'absorption des opacites et des proprietes radiatives des plasmas chauds". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0029.
Testo completoErramli, Abdellah. "Etude du chrome et du nickel dans GAP par spectroscopie d'absorption détectée thermiquement". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21221.
Testo completoMarcq, Benoît. "Contribution à l' étude de l'environnement du nickel dans les verres silicatés : influence de la composition et des processus de réduction". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GLOB0008.
Testo completoNickel is of significant interest within the framework of Earth and Materials sciences. Two structural studies, carried out using optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, were simultaneously undertaken. The first one, on borosilicate glasses, use Ni2+ as a probe of glass local structure. This study made it possible to highlight the evolution of relations between borate and silicate sub-networks, according to alkaly content. In the second study, reduction experiments were carried out on a glass simulating a basaltic composition in order to follow the evolution of glass local structure around Ni2+ during reduction. Indeed, metal-silicate reactions are key processes for comprehension of pre-terrestrial differentiation. Nickel oxidation state under these reducing conditions, necessary to determine metal/silicate partition coefficient, is thus discussed
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absorption de nano-objets individuels : nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13278.
Testo completoLedoux, Cédric. "Systèmes d'absorption dans le spectre des quasars : cinématique - métallicité - évolution cosmologique". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10331.
Testo completoAignasse, Marie-France. "Etude des mécanismes d'absorption digestive de la ciclosporine "in vitro" et "in vivo"". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P070.
Testo completoVicet, Aurore. "Etude et réalisation d’un analyseur multigaz à diodes lasers accordables". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20053.
Testo completoGressier, Séverine. "Développement de méthodes d'analyses d'impuretés métalliques présentes dans le dioxyde de titane et ses co-produits". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-79.pdf.
Testo completoHarmand, Marion. "Spectroscopie d'absorption X résolue en temps pour l'étude de la matière dense et tiède". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720159.
Testo completoRoisnel, Thierry. "Etude par spectroscopie d'absorption de rayons X de quelques composés d'intercalation graphitique d'halogénures métalliques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621239.
Testo completoBenzerhouni, Kaddour. "Spectroscopie d'absorption de l'ammoniac et étude du laser (¹⁵NH₃+ N₂) à inversion de population". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112097.
Testo completoThis work is a study of the ammonia molecule under its two isotopic species ¹⁴ NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃. The two following topics are developed:On one hand, the spectroscopic aspect of the molecule is studied related to the spectral profile of the absorption tine. On the other hand, we perform ammonia laser working in mid infrared by optical pumping with a CO2 laser. In chapter I all spectroscopic data about this ammonia molecule are reported, especially the -√2 absorption band in the 10,5 µm spectral range. This band gives rise to a lot of quasi coïncidences with the emission lines of the C02 for the two isotopic species ¹⁴ NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃. In chapter ll, the profile of the absorption lines is studied. The intensities and line-width of some tines have been measured using a diode laser spectrometer. The way to determine collisional line-width is described. Several methods are used to determine intensities. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. In chapter Ill, ail previous works about the ammonia laser are recalled, especially the off-resonant optical pumping giving rise to the powerful Raman laser. We report the work made with this "Raman laser" at 12,08 μm, in order to study the absorption profile of the sP(7,0) line of ammonia. The results obtained with ¹⁴ NH₃ specie self-broadened, or with buffer gases, N₂ or He, are reported and discussed. In chapter IV, we describe our work about the resonant optical pumping on ¹⁵NH₃ in a ring configuration. The study, realization and optimization for the population inversion laser (¹⁵NH₃+ N₂) giving a laser line at 11,76 μm, is developed. The main experimental results about the properties of this laser are reported. A rate equation model is established for the small signal gain. An analysis of the gain according to the different parameters of the laser gives a good comparison with experimental results
FESSLER, PIERRE. "Spectroscopie d'absorption x : utilisation des detecteurs semi-conducteurs, application aux oxydes de germanium amorphes". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21145.
Testo completoMerrien, Nathalie. "Contribution a l'etude des structures electroniques des supraconducteurs en couches par spectroscopie d'absorption x". Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN2056.
Testo completoBenzerhouni, Kaddour. "Spectroscopie d'absorption de l'ammoniac et étude du laser (¹⁵NH+N) à l'inversion de population". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376118330.
Testo completoRibière, Maxime. "Spectroscopies d'émission et d'absorption appliquées à l'analyse de plasmas produits par impulsion laser". Phd thesis, Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES059.
Testo completoThis work has been performed in the purpose of probing solid surfaces by using LIPS (laser induced plasma) technique. The behavior of the produced plasma is very difficult to simulate owing to the shortness of the involved time and space scale. Besides classical emission spectroscopy diagnostics, we have put into operation an original absorption experiment which provides more reliable and numerous informations about the plasma temperature and number densities. This study, which couples experiment and theory through the resolution of the radiative transfer equation, is based on the comparison between the experimental and the simulated profiles of the 308. 21 and 396. 15 nm Al(I) resonant lines. Special attention has been turned to the ion and electron Stark broadening and self-absorption effects. An important departure from equilibrium is put into evidence throughout the plasma recombination. The measurement of the aluminum fundamental state which is of prime importance in the validation of any collisional-radiative model dedicated to this complex situation has been carried out in a large pressure range (5 to 105 Pa). The measurement of the relaxation times highlights the major role played by the diffusion in the relaxation of the plasma species
Ribière, Maxime. "Spectroscopies d'émission et d'absorption appliquées à l'analyse de plasmas produits par impulsion laser". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443037.
Testo completoHartmann, Jean-Michel. "Etude de l'absorption infra-rouge par des mélanges gazeux H2O-CO2-CO-Air à température élevee : modélisation, pour l'ingenieur, des propriétés radiatives : approches théorique et expérimentale de l'élargissement par collisions de raies de H2O et CO". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0013.
Testo completoRodolakis, Fanny. "Spectroscopie à l’aide du rayonnement synchrotron appliquée aux systèmes fortement corrélés : transition métal-isolant dans les oxydes de vanadium". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112241.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we have studied the electronic structure near the Fermi level and the influence of correlations in two strongly correlated materials displaying metal-insulator transition as a function of temperature, doping and pressure: (V(1-x)Crx)2O3 and VO2 vanadium oxides. We have combined different spectroscopies using synchrotron radiation: photoemission, X-ray absorption and inelastic scattering. These complementary techniques, which provide an overall picture of the low energy excitations, are sensitive to the changes occurring in the electronic structure across the transition. Direct comparison between experimental results and theoretical predictions allowed us to clarify the role of electronic correlations in transition mechanisms. In VO2, our analysis is consistent with the correlation assisted Peierls transition model. For the transition upon doping and temperature in (V(1-x)Crx)2O3, our results confirm the hypothesis of correlation induced crystal field enhancement. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters effects reveals a different mechanism under pressure, suggesting an interplay between structural and electronic degrees of freedom. Investigation of the quasiparticles behavior at surfaces demonstrates the existence of a surface dead layer below the surface where correlated electronic states behave differently. The characteristic length of the dead layer seems to be an intrinsic, bulk property of the system