Tesi sul tema "Spectroscopie – Appareils et matériel"
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Canpont, Fabienne. "Développement de la spectrométrie à décharge luminescente radiofréquence : application à l'étude de matériaux conducteurs et isolants". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10165.
Guay, Marianne. "Utilisation de la spectroscopie de fluorescence pour la vérification du nettoyage d'un ingrédient pharmaceutique actif sur les surfaces des équipements de production". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28220.
Cleaning verification is used to assess the cleanliness of pharmaceutical process equipment. Cleanliness is established when the concentration of the residue of a pharmaceutical ingredient is lower than an acceptance limit. The method used to perform this verification consists of collecting a sample using a swab, and to analyze it using high performance liquid chromatography. The issue with this method is that it can take up to 2 days before the results are obtained, and before the equipment can be released for the production of another batch of drugs. Therefore, there is an opportunity to develop a new analytical method to quantify cleanliness in real-time without sampling (contactless). The new method investigated in this thesis uses fluorescence for direct quantification of ibuprofen residue. In this proof of concept, the impact of various parameters on the fluorescence signal was assessed. The best way to prepare the standards and how to analyze them with the instrument (the TraC) were determined. Following the verification of a first calibration curve using in situ data collection, the equipment was modified to allow the evaluation of equipment with an acceptance limit lower than the quantification limit of the TraC. The plant tests also revealed that the TraC always gives a higher concentration than the traditional method. An upgraded unit was calibrated, and the limit of quantification was lowered. It was established that the method is accurate (recovery is between 85 and 115%) and precise (relative standard deviation is lower than 5%), and that the excipients studied have no impact on the signal. Calibration curves were also built for aluminum, bronze, polyethylene and brass. Finally, the proof of concept for the use of the TraC for the cleaning verification of ibuprofen was demonstrated, and it is recommended to implement the method at a first plant.
Yin, Tiangang. "Modélisation 3D du transfert raidatif pour simuler les images et données de spectroradiomètres et Lidars satellites et aéroportés de couverts végétaux et urbains". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30044/document.
Remote Sensing (RS) data depend on radiation interaction in Earth landscapes and atmosphere, and also on instrumental (spectral band, spatial resolution, field of view (FOV),...) and experimental (landscape/atmosphere architecture and optical properties,...) conditions. Fast developments in RS techniques require appropriate tools for validating their working principles and improving RS operational use. Radiative Transfer Models (RTM) simulate quantities (bidirectional reflectance; BRDF, directional brightness temperature: BTDF, LiDAR waveform...) that aim to approximate actual RS data. Hence, they are celebrated tools to simulate RS data for many applications: preparation and validation of RS systems, inversion of RS data... Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model is recognized as the most complete and efficient RTM. During my PhD work, I further improved its modeling in terms of accuracy and functionalities through the modeling work mentioned below. 1. Discretizing the space of radiation propagation directions.DART simulates radiation propagation along a finite number of directions in Earth/atmosphere scenes. Classical methods do not define accurately the solid angle centroids and geometric shapes of these directions, which results in non-conservative energy or imprecise modeling if few directions are used. I solved this problem by developing a novel method that creates discrete directions with well-defined shapes. 2. Simulating images of spectroradiometers with finite FOV.Existing RTMs are pixel- or image-level models. Pixel-level models use abstract landscape (scene) description (leaf area index, overall fraction of shadows,...) to calculate quantities (BRDF, BTDF,...) for the whole scene. Image-level models generate scene radiance, BRDF or BTDF images, with orthographic projection of rays that exit the scene onto an image plane. All models neglect the multi-directional acquisition in the sensor finite FOV, which is unrealistic. Hence, I implemented a sensor-level model, called converging tracking and perspective projection (CTPP), to simulate camera and cross-track sensor images, by coupling DART with classical perspective and parallel-perspective projection. 3. Simulating LiDAR data.Many RTMs simulate LiDAR waveform, but results are inaccurate (abstract scene description, account of first-order scattering only...) or require tremendous computation time for obtaining accurate results (e.g., Monte-Carlo (MC) models). With a novel quasi-MC method, DART can provide accurate results with fast processing speed, for any instrumental configuration (platform altitude, LiDAR orientation, footprint size...). It simulates satellite, airborne and terrestrial multi-pulse laser data for realistic configurations (LiDAR position, platform trajectory, scan angle range...). These data can be converted into industrial LiDAR format for being processed by LiDAR processing software. A post-processing method converts LiDAR waveform into photon counting LiDAR data, through modeling single photon detector acquisition. 4. In-flight Fusion of LiDAR and imaging spectroscopy.DART can combine multi-pulse LiDAR and cross-track imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral sensor...). It is a 2 sources (sun, LiDAR laser) and 1 sensor (LiDAR telescope) system. First, a LiDAR multi-pulse acquisition and a sun-induced spectro-radiometer radiance image are simulated. Then, the LiDAR FOV regions projected onto the ground image plane are segmented in the spectro-radiometer image, which is also projected on the ground image plane. I applied it to simulate solar noise in LiDAR signal, and to the fusion of LiDAR data and spectro-radiometer images. To further improve accuracy when simulating actual LiDAR and spectro-radiometer, DART can also import actual acquisition configuration (platform trajectory, view angle per spectro-radiometer pixel / LiDAR pulse). Moreover, I introduced multi-thread parallelization, which greatly accelerates DART simulations
Diop, Aboubakar. "Méthodes de traitement du signal pour la quantification en spectroscopie RMN : estimateur de signal et prédiction linéaire". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10131.
Telouk, Philippe. "Développement de la spectrométrie ICP-MS dans les domaines de l'archéologie et de la géologie : utilisation de l'ablation laser". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10310.
Bégoin, Lilian. "Analyse de modules spirales industriels d'ultrafiltration de fluides laitiers. Physico-chimie du nettoyage de membranes en polyéthersulfone d'ultrafiltration de lait écrémé". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10042.
Daigle, Jean-François. "Probing contaminated aerosol clouds using remote filament induced breakdown spectroscopy". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25599/25599.pdf.
Remote Filament Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (R-FIBS) was used for probing a cloud of aqueous aerosols containing a mixture of dissolved metallic salts. We demonstrated experimentally that it can be used as a sensitive sensing technique to remotely retrieve the composition of microdroplets in clouds located at a distance. In fact, fluorescence from all the metallic ions dissolved was observed. Moreover, these spectrally narrow atomic transitions excited by the low density plasma did not show any signal overlap. These characteristic spectra demonstrate that R-FIBS can be used to simultaneously recognize and distinguish every single metallic constituent dissolved inside such a cloud. The technique has been successfully tested for long range field test of 70 m with an aerosol cloud of droplets containing sodium chloride.
Denneval, Charline. "Design, synthèse et évaluation de contrastophores bimodaux pour l'imagerie par absorption à deux photons et par tomographie par émission de positons". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAM0012/document.
The purpose of this subject has been the synthesis of a bimodal probe using TPA–PET techniques for a potential application in biological imaging.In this context, we have synthesized a new range of A–π –D fluorophores incorporating diazine (p-deficient heterocycle) as electron-withdrawing moiety, N,N-dimethylaniline as electron-donating part and fluorene as p-conjugated linker. In order to increase the conjugation along the scaffold, ethynyl and/or triazole bridges have been introduced on both sides of the fluorene. The UV/Vis and photoluminescence properties have been measured. Further to those results two-photon absorption cross-section of our fluorophores (dTPA) has been obtained. Following these promising results, hydrophilic compounds using PEG groups have been prepared and photoluminescence properties have been carried out. In order to use the boron center as a site for radiofluorination, the synthesis of "BODIPY-like" probes has been considered. A new series of pyrimidine and triazole ligand have been synthesized but the corresponding boron complexes haven’t been obtained
Kim, Yonghwi. "Near real-time reconciliation of geochemical data acquired with handheld spectroscopic devices : Application to volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit from the Iberian Pyrite Belt". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0027.
Mineral exploration focused on deeply concealed targets at depth requires effective techniques applicable in the field in order to identify ore-forming systems on a large scale and pathfinders to locate ore on a smaller scale. According to the rapid development of portable equipment in recent years, the importance of near real-time analysis in the field has been increasing by helping fast decision-making support before laboratory requests.Spectroscopic analysis using individual equipment has been widely used in the exploration of mineral resources, but it is rare to apply integrated data from several techniques to characterize “vectors”, which provide variations in lithology, geochemistry, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry. In addition, it is even rarer if the combination of spectral data is obtained from various portable instruments. Therefore, this study aims at reconciling geochemical data acquired from portable spectroscopic devices in order to determine the best geochemical information from each technique applied by combining the mineralogical and elemental information. Elemental and mineralogical data are provided in this study by six portable techniques: (i) elemental analyses such as XRF and LIBS for major, trace, and light elements, and (ii) mineralogical analyses such as Raman, VNIR-SWIR, MIR, and XRD to constrain rock-forming, ore, and alteration minerals.The final objective of this study is to identify vectors to the ore by applying the reconciled multi-spectral data obtained from the “real” sample in the Elvira volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit. To achieve this, step-by-step procedures were carried out: (i) methodological understanding of each technique, (ii) establishment of a spectral database consisting of naturally monomineralic minerals, (iii) design of a decision tree to classify by mineral or mineral classes based on diagnostic bands, and mineral identification and quantification of (iv) carbonate and (v) phyllosilicate minerals (i.e., trioctahedral chlorites and dioctahedral micas), which are indicators of the target deposit.Several limitations of portable spectroscopy were confirmed based on the device itself and the geological environment in the Elvira deposit. Nevertheless, portable spectroscopy is effective in identifying the presence and compositional changes of various minerals from heterogeneous rock samples. Therefore, spectroscopic analysis on-site can be one of the vectoring tools to determine the implication for ore mineralization in hidden ore explorations
Péry, Emilie. "Spectroscopie bimodale en diffusion élastique et autofluorescence résolue spatialement : instrumentation, modélisation des interactions lumière-tissus et application à la caractérisation de tissus biologiques ex vivo et in vivo pour la détection de cancers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL079N.
This research activity aims at developing and validating a multimodal spectroscopy method in elastic scattering and autofluorescence to characterize biological tissues in vitro and in vivo. It is articulated in four axes. At first, instrumentation is considered with the development, the engineering and the experimental characterization of a fibers bimodal, multi-points spectrometry system allowing the acquisition of spectra in vivo (variable distances, fast acquisition). Secondly, the optical properties of tissues are modelled with the development and the experimental validation on phantoms of a photons propagation simulation algorithm in turbids media and multi-fluorescent. Thirdly, an experimental study has been conducted ex vivo on fresh and cryopreserved arterial rings. It confirms the complementarity of spectroscopic measurements in elastic scattering and autofluorescence, and validates the method of multi-modality spectroscopy and the simulation of photons propagation algorithm. Results have well proved a correlation between rheological and optical properties. Finally, one second experimental study in vivo related to a pre-clinical tumoral model of bladder has been carried out. It highlights a significant difference in diffuse reflectance and/or autofluorescence and/or intrinsic fluorescence between healthy, inflammatory and tumoral tissues, on the basis of specific wavelength. The results of not supervised classification show that the combination of various spectroscopic approaches increases the reliability of the diagnosis
Wallace, Barton. "Theoretical and Experimental Foundations for the Greystar Project. Or application of NAA for remote detection". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28911/28911.pdf.
In the world of prospecting and detection, various techniques exist. One of the most powerful techniques is neutron activation analysis (both NAA and PGAA). For prospecting, however, this technique requires drilling. The motivation for the GREYSTAR project is to make elemental analysis via neutron analysis possible with little or no environmental impact. The limiting factors are the activation of remote volumes and detection of emitted radiation. This thesis looks at thermal neutron activation and delayed gamma decay from the activated nuclei. An experimental approach is proposed with simulations to back up the results. The resulting impression is that the GREYSTAR project as described is promising and further research is commended. Initial results indicate that depending on the prototypal setup, detection limits are of the order of 2-3 m in a material similar to granite. We conclude that from a prospecting point of view, it is worth continuing the research. Furthermore, other fields such as military, civil and law enforcement could benefit from an eventual prototype as well.
Moumdji, Souad. "Lasers à cristaux photoniques pour la spectroscopie infrarouge". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068165.
Péry, Emilie. "Spectroscopie bimodale en diffusion élastique et autofluorescence résolue spatialement : instrumentation, modélisation des interactions lumière-tissus et application à la caractérisation de tissus biologiques ex vivo et in vivo pour la détection de cancers". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL079N/document.
This research activity aims at developing and validating a multimodal spectroscopy method in elastic scattering and autofluorescence to characterize biological tissues in vitro and in vivo. It is articulated in four axes. At first, instrumentation is considered with the development, the engineering and the experimental characterization of a fibers bimodal, multi-points spectrometry system allowing the acquisition of spectra in vivo (variable distances, fast acquisition). Secondly, the optical properties of tissues are modelled with the development and the experimental validation on phantoms of a photons propagation simulation algorithm in turbids media and multi-fluorescent. Thirdly, an experimental study has been conducted ex vivo on fresh and cryopreserved arterial rings. It confirms the complementarity of spectroscopic measurements in elastic scattering and autofluorescence, and validates the method of multi-modality spectroscopy and the simulation of photons propagation algorithm. Results have well proved a correlation between rheological and optical properties. Finally, one second experimental study in vivo related to a pre-clinical tumoral model of bladder has been carried out. It highlights a significant difference in diffuse reflectance and/or autofluorescence and/or intrinsic fluorescence between healthy, inflammatory and tumoral tissues, on the basis of specific wavelength. The results of not supervised classification show that the combination of various spectroscopic approaches increases the reliability of the diagnosis
Rahmoune, Miloud. "Contribution à l'étude d'un système d'ondes mécaniques généré par des matériaux piézoélectriques. Application au processus antifouling de l'instrumentation océanographique". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20111.
Gouisset, Emmanuel. "Développement et étude de la réponse instrumentale d'un imageur hyperspectral large bande (UV-Visible-NIR) permettant la caractérisation physico-chimique de contaminants sur surfaces sensibles d’engins orbitaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS139.
In the field of failure analysis and in particular molecular and particulate contamination, being able to detect any trace of contaminants during the integration of an orbital spacecraft is crucial. In this context, fluorescence allows not only to detect but also to discriminate contaminants. For this project, we have therefore developed a broadband hyperspectral instrument (UV-Vis-NIR) from 330 to 1000 nm to be able to detect a wide range of contaminants. It is a catoptric assembly that eliminates chromatic aberrations. The field of view is 3.5° for an angular resolution of 25 arc seconds. It was designed to be portable and its fixed mechanical assembly allows easy optical alignment and rapid creation of calibration files between two scenes. We measured a spectral resolution of 1 nm in the UV range, 2 to 3 nm in the visible range and 5 nm in the NIR range. This allowed us to study the fluorescence response of two epoxy glues, typical sources of orbital spacecraft contamination, and to compare it with a measurement obtained with a commercial instrument. These measurements allowed us to evaluate the performance of our instrument and identify prospects of improvement, especially in terms of sensitivity in UV range
Popa, Emil Horia. "Algorithms for handling arbitrary lineshape distortions in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716176.
Taillandier, Gérard. "Contribution à la réalisation d'une sonde parodontale électro-mécanique reliée à un traitement informatisé des données". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30276.
Revilla, Rondón José Javier. "Développement et calibration d'une station sismologique trois composantes". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10095.
Kheder, Issa. "Analyse, modélisation rigoureuse et simulation dynamique d'une colonne de distillation par approche hybride". INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0018.
Prevost, Joël. "Développement d'un appareillage de torsion-compression sur cylindre creux de roche : application à l'étude du comportement d'une craie blanche sous sollicitations rotationnelles". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10155.
Marty, Marie-Ange. "Equipement professionnel de l'odontologiste : en comprendre le fonctionnement, le dépanner, l'entretenir". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20060.
Sanchez, Jean-Baptiste. "Conception d'une micro-colonne chromatographique couplée à un capteur à oxyde semi-conducteur : application à la détection sélective de HF". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2033.
Rasoulifar, Rahi. "Processus de conception centé utilisateur à base de scenario : application à la conception d'instruments chirurgicaux innovants en chirurgie mini-invasive". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10319.
This PhD research is a contribution to the design process of innovative surgical instruments, particularly for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for which the collaboration of surgeons and engineers is inevitable. Reviewing the literature shows that there is a gap between what surgeons need and what the engineers design. An approach to fill this gap is to build a design process which enables surgeons and engineers to work together, or in other words, enables the designer to integrate the surgeon in the design process. Taking the action research as the research method, this thesis went through the action of a 2-year design project of an MIS instrument, Protige, and observed and captured the experiment. The analyses of the corpus of observation showed new aspects of design process: the coevolution of product and usage during the process, and the role of the expert user in the design progression. These results led to propose new descriptions of design process, such as emulation step and expert- UCD, and provided bases for proposing a descriptive design process model for innovative surgical instruments. The validity of the proposed model was examined by applying to another MIS instrument design, and an informatic structure was proposed as a support for the process model
Adèle, Paul-Anthelme. "Le droit du dispositif médical : entre gouvernement du corps et normes de gouvernance". Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100179.
Prostheses, appliances, equipment either light or heavy, these products are referred to as “medical devices”. However, they are too diverse to be easily described in legal terms. When they are, it is by means of distinctive norms which form the law of medical device. These norms bear witness to innovative strategies as regard both the law-making process and the endeavours to influence people's behaviours. These norms are qualified as “norms of governance” since they reinvent the modalities of the interaction between law and the social world. On the one hand, they shape the perception of this world by public authorities. This is notably the case insofar as concerns rules of transparency in public decision-making, medical nomenclatures and classifications or evaluation methods of products. On the other hand, norms of governance revisit the means through which the social world is affected by the actions of public authorities. This is notably the case of the standardisation by the CE marking, the qualification of products for reimbursement by social welfare schemes or the health monitoring system. Finally, through this overall trend in the law of medical device, norms of governance refashion the relationship between human beings and their own bodies. They determine uses of health products through which the human body is no longer entirely distinct from the artefacts used to assist it, modify it or replace it. By means of law, little by little, human beings redefine their own nature
Lacoste, Paul. "Cinéma et matière : filmer la matière, rematérialiser le film". Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU2A001.
Risser, Michel. "Modélisation multiphysique et multiconfigurationnelle d'évaluation et d'optimisation des performances des systèmes de réfrigération magnétocalorique". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6269.
Magnetic refrigeration is a field of research that attempts to resolve problems related to the fields of refrigeration and heat pumping. The absence of refrigerant and noise, together with the potential energy efficiency of this technology makes it a prime candidate. Magnetic refrigeration is based on the Magnetocaloric Effect (MCE). It is an intrinsic property of magnetic materials which consists of an adiabatic temperature change resulting from the application of a magnetic field. MCE is implemented using a particular magneto-thermodynamic cycle in an Active Magnetic Regenerator (AMR). This thesis consisted in the designing of a numerical model of an AMR, an analytical model of magnetocaloric materials, and their validation with experiments performed on magnetic refrigerator prototypes. The numerical model is based on the simulation of three phenomena, magnetic, thermal and fluidic that are at work in an AMR. This model was used to perform an analysis of the functioning of an AMR in order to improve our understanding of it, to identify the influential parameters and study the interactions between the parameters and their impact on performance. It can help in the design of more efficient magnetic refrigeration systems in the future. This thesis was funded by the Agency for the Environment and the Energy Management (ADEME) and the Cooltech Applications Company (Holtzheim, 67, France) which also provided all the resources necessary for experimental tests
Calendreau, Christelle. "Validation du nettoyage du matériel de production d'un laboratoire pharmaceutique". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P094.
Guillaud, Jean-Philippe. "Qualification décennale d'un autoclave". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P014.
Hor, Anis. "Simulation physique des conditions thermomécaniques de forgeage et d'usinage : caractérisation et modélisation de la rhéologie et de l'endommagement". Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0002.
During forging and machining processes materials undergo significant and rapid deformations responsible for localised heating, microstructural changes and damage. The modelling of such phenomena requires an accurate knowledge of behaviour and damage laws, for a large range of strains, strain rates and temperatures. Compression tests were performed on a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator and a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar device on two steels (42CrMo4 and 100Cr6) and an aluminium alloy (2017-T4). Three behaviour domains are identified corresponding to cold, warm and hot working. The microtructural phenomena for each domain are analysed and linked to the observed rheological behaviour. After a review of various models from the literature, a new empirical model is proposed which properly accounts for the competition between work hardening and softening. Via coupling, it reproduces the effects of temperature and strain rate. The damage mechanisms at room temperature are characterised from in situ tensile tests performed in a Scanning Electron Microscope and using the digital image correlation method. The results from tensile tests on axisymmetrically notched specimens are used to characterise the damage at various temperatures. Two damage models are described and applied: Johnson-Cook's fracture criterion and Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman's coupled micromechanical model. Finally the various behaviour models are applied and discussed for the Finite Element simulations of orthogonal cutting, shear tests on 'hat-shaped' specimens and plane strain tests
Ngueleu, Armelle. "Développement et étude de la validité d'une semelle instrumentée pour le comptage de pas". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37366.
Instrumented insoles are devices which can be used for quantifying steps and recognizing activities. Validity of many instrumented insoles varies from medium to high. This thesis has three objectives: 1) to systematically review the literature on the validity of existing instrumented insoles for posture, type of activities recognition, and step counting, 2) to develop an instrumented insole and 3) to study its criterion validity for step counting. For objective 1, five databases were used to select 33 articles on criterion validity of sixteen insole models for posture and type of activities recognition, and step detection. According to indicators used, validity values vary from 65.8% to 100% for activities and postures recognition and from 96% to 100% for detection of steps. In summary, few studies have used instrumented insoles for steps counting even though they demonstrated a very good validity. For objectives 2 and 3, we equipped a commercialized insole with five pressure sensors and tested three pressure signal processing methods for step quantification. These three methods are based on signal of each pressure sensor, average or cumulative sum of five pressure signals. Results showed that our instrumented insole detected steps with a success rate varying from 94.8 ± 9.4% to 99.5 ± 0.4% at self-selected walking speeds and from 97.0 ± 6.2% to 99.6 ± 0.4% at maximal walking speeds in indoor and outdoor settings with all three processing methods. However, cumulative sum method had the highest levels of accuracy for step counting.
Lemieux, Joanie. "Validation d'échantillonneurs d'air et biais sur la diversité". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36720.
Different types of air samplers are available to harvest bioaerosols. They all have their advantages and disadvantages, but of these types, one in particular is likely to introduce bias in the treatment and analysis of the results. Liquid-based samplers see a portion of their collection fluid evaporate during operation, which would favor either the loss of bioaerosols by re-aerosolization or their concentration in the fluid. Very little knowledge is known about re-aerosolization, concentration and their effects on results. The main purpose of this study was to document how the evaporation of the collection fluid impacts air sampling. In vitro experiments, in which collection vessels from two liquid samplers (Coriolisμ® and BioSampler®) were inoculated with known bacterial consortia, concluded that reaerosolization and concentration are complex phenomena. Indeed, they are difficult to predict and seem influenced by evaporation, the bacterial genus, the hydrophobicity of the bacterial membrane, the interaction with other bacteria, the composition of the collection fluid, the flow and capture mechanism of the sampler. In addition, experiments in a natural environment have made it possible to compare the diversity harvested by the liquid-based and filter-based samplers by high throughput sequencing methods. One of the peculiarities of this study was that a cassette containing a filter was connected to the BioSampler® air outlet to collect the re-aerosolized bacteria during sampling. The results are unequivocal, several bacterial genera are totally re-aerosolized from the BioSampler® collection vessel. More than half of the bacterial genera harvested by the Coriolisμ® differ from those of the BioSampler®, and vice versa. The filter samplers both harvested a similar bacterial diversity. These results are an important contribution to the scientific field since they prove the biases induced by liquid type samplers.
Paitry, Virginie. "L'instrumentation en cabinet de médecine générale : utilisation et hygiène : enquête sur 100 médecins généralistes du Var". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20031.
Duboeuf, François. "L'absorptiométrie à rayons X : évolution par rapport aux appareils à source isotopique". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T060.
Vidor, Rémi. "Étude des jets générés par des ventilateurs axiaux : application à la ventilation dans les incendies". Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0004.
The positive pressure ventilation used in the fight of fires consists in exercising an overpressure on a premises in fire by means of air jet. This overpressure allows, by making a release, to forward the products of combustion to the outside of the premises in fire. This study attempted to describe the complex air jets used, and their action in term of output flow rate and pressure on a compartment. These air jets are generated by axial fans. The measure by hot wire of the fields of speed stemming from simple axial fans allowed us to describe the differences between the simple annular jets and these complex air jets. In normal condition of use, ventilators used in PPV are put on the ground, and tilted upward about 20ʿ. We showed that the ground sucks up the jet. Finally, we showed through examples of intervention in complex cases that by optimizing the means and the techniques of ventilation, that it is possible to make decreasing in a significant way the temperature
Semet, Vincent. "Microscopie à projection de Fresnel : étude - conception - premiers résultats". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10049.
Rigal-Boivert, Pierre. "Qualification des appareils de laboratoire : application à un chromatographe en phase gazeuse". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P099.
Cabrit, Florence. "Validation des procédés de nettoyage du matériel de laboratoire". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P101.
Taron, Maxime. "Ecalage et modélisation de formes avec incertitudes : contributions et applications à la segmentation avec a priori statistique". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0734.
Ngo, Cong Khanh. "Étude et amélioration de l'organisation de la production de dispositifs médicaux stériles". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10044.
In health facilities, the sterilization of medical devices plays a key role in the fight against infections. A medical device is a surgical instrument or an exploration instrument used in operations or examinations. In this thesis we study and propose some improvements of the production organization of medical devices by applying methods commonly used to evaluate and improve the performance of industrial production systems. We elaborated a specific simulation model representing the sterilization service of Private Hospital Saint Martin of Caen. We show improvements obtained by modifying some aspects of the organization. Thereafter we tried to identify the specificities of sterilization services in several hospitals in order to perform a comparison of the different organization types and to identify the most efficient services. This comparison, realized with data obtained from a survey of establishments in region Rhône Alpes, relies on a ratio comparison, on the DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) and on a generic simulation model. In this thesis, we also offer tracks to analyze a generic sterilization service by using analytical stochastic methods. First, we present a survey on the use of stochastic models for the analysis of health care systems, then we study the possibility of using an analytical method to analyze our generic model of a sterilization service. Finally a queuing network model of a generic sterilization service is presented
Ménard, Laurent. "Étude, développement et évaluation clinique d'un imageur gamma per-operatoire". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0002.
Comas, Laurent. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la scintigraphie cardiaque". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2022.
In medicine, modeling is an essential step for the evaluation of the acquisition and reconstruction methods and image analysis. In the first part of this thesis, a bibliographical study of models was made. It allowed the selection of NCAT model for its qualities of realism and of flexibility for simulating myocardial single photon emission computerised tomography. This examination is used for evaluating perfusion and kinetics of the myocardium. In the second part, for the quantification, algorithms of image segmentation were developed in order to isolate the heart among the noise and the other tissues. In the third part, two applications were developed : acquisition defects, such as time tracer stability, were simulated and their impact on the reconstructed images was measured; an information compression algorithm, the Karhunen-Loeve transformation, was evaluated for its efficacy in detecting and quantifying serial changes in myocardial perfusion
Azouma, Yaovi Ouezou. "Intégration de la fabrication et de la maintenance dans une démarche de conception pluridisciplinaire d'équipements agricoles et agroalimentaires pour l'Afrique". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2006.
Manufacturing and maintenance integration as soon as possible in the life cycle of agricultural and food equipments allows reducing the possession cost for African producers and decreasing the risks of reconception or abandonment. The analysis of local designing practices in West Africa has shown that manufacturing and maintenance are rarely taken into account and are very often undergone. In order to enrich this analysis, and by using the concepts of integration of manufacturing and maintenance developed in the industrialized countries, a participatory design of a manure spreader for small farms having less than 5 ha in Africa has been achieved. Regarding the manufacturing, studies have allowed to propose using of ergonomics concepts and Design for Economic Manufacture (DEM) based on local manufacturing skills integrating a Specification of Materials and Spare parts Availability (SMSA). Necessary hygienic quality for food processing is also taken into account in equipment designing. Regarding the integration of reliability and maintenability of the equipment, several tools and recommendations are suggested : the Specification Equipment Availability (SEA), the Maintenance Distributed for Africa (MDA), the Failure Mode and Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). As a multidisciplinary user centred design being the best way to promote equipments fulfilling the requirements of local demand in Africa, several perspectives of research are proposed
Maillet, Pierre. "Développement d'un robot pour la chirurgie orthopédique et d'une méthodologie pour sa mise en oeuvre". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20129.
Several surgical procedures in orthopaedics, neurosurgery, maxillofacial or ENT need to mill, drill or cut bones accurately. In conventional surgery, motorized tools are positioned and held by the surgeon to realize these tasks. But bone cavity accuracy and surface roughness depend on the surgeon dexterity. In this thesis, we present a robot that has been developed for orthopaedic surgery as well as a registration method to position it with respect to the patient while satisfying constraints such as accessibility. In the two first section of the dissertation, the surgical constraint are presented and a state of art on current devices developed to assist ther surgeon's gesture is done. The third section details the BRIGIT device (Bone Resection Instrument Guidance by Intelligent tool) including its software and hardware architectures. A dedicated procedure for total knee replacement is also described. The last section presents the registration problem: two methods are proposed, one deriving a single robot solution, the second deriving a set of solutions that allows to position the robot in a more flexible manner
Rivero, Rodriguez Ricardo. "L'analyse d'exergie : application à la distillation diabatique et aux pompes à chaleur à absorption". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL056N.
Exergy analysis is a systematic application of the two fundamental laws of Thermodynamics (the second law in particular) to energy analysis and optimization of industrial processes and systems. It is a precious tool which allows the consideration of energy Quality and the determination of a system's critical points where an energy improvement can be made. One of the applications of this methodology, resulting from the Theorem of Equipartition of Entropy Production, is called the Diabatic Distillation which consists in distributing, as uniformly as possible, the exergy losses of a distillation column in order to reduce them to a minimum. Diabatic Distillation can be applied to all processes and in particular to Absorption Heat Pumps technology where a diabatic separator, and eventually its complement (a mixer) will allow for a considerable increase of the energy yield and the scope of application
De, Vaulx Christophe. "Etude et développement d'un micro noyau réparti, temps-réel et tolérant aux fautes : dream". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21462.
Blahuta, Samuel. "Etude et optimisation de matériaux scintillateurs pour l'imagerie médicale". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066740.
Giraud, Jean Yves. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un ostéotome assisté par ultrasons". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30264.
El-Obeid, Dany. "Etude de l'activité cardio-pulmonaire par télédétection : mesure, traitement et modélisation". Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0014.
Touchless cardiopulmonary detection is essential in many applications where affixed electrodes of traditional electrocardiogram are perturbing or not applicable. Such situations include burn victims, newly born infant, and life signs detection for people under rubble. Microwave Doppler radar provides a prominent tool for such applications. In this PhD thesis, a new microwave system for the heartbeat detection is proposed. For a distance of 1 m, the heartbeat signal is detected using several operational frequencies: 2. 4, 5. 8, 10, 16, and 60 GHz. Besides, for a constant operational frequency of 2. 4 GHz, the heartbeat signal is detected at different power levels between -2 and -27 dBm. For all the performed measurements, both the heartbeat rate and the heart rate variability (HRV) are xtracted. Based on obtained measurements, models representing the cardiopulmonary activities are proposed. Several processing techniques are tested for the separation of the heartbeat and the respiration signals for SNR between 0 and -20 dB. Obtained results showed the possibility of detecting the heartbeat signal at distance of 1 m and at very low transmitted power. In addition, the application of wavelets transform to the modeling signal provides the possibility of extracting both the heartbeat rate and the HRV even at low SNR
Labergri, Fabien. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique du système pantographe-caténaire". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0012.
This study, a collaboration between ECL-SNCF-FAIVELEY TRANSPORT, proposes a mechanical model of current collection. It led to simulation software written in C++, named PACAT3D. The work includes the development of pantograph and of catenary models and numerical methods to deal with and the pantograph / catenary coupling equations. The pantograph is modelled with the help of multibody methods. Absolute nodal coordinates are used in order to simplify the definition of the joints. The non-linear damper of the pantograph has been thoroughly studied. A large experimental work has been used as a guideline for the models development and allowed their validation. The catenary is modelled by finite-elements. The non-linearity arising from the droper's release are taken into account. A study on the three dimension behaviour of the catenary has been carried out. Techniques to handle systems of equations with constraints are describe : their transform to fit with explicit integration methods, static calculus, constraint relaxation and reestablishment. Many strategies are tested in order to find out the contact force between the mobil pantograph and the discretized catenary; particulary the use of wire elements obtained through modal synthesis. An analytical method enable the validation of the pantographjcatenary coupling. It applies to the stationary response study of a moving pantograph under an infinite periodical catenary. Based upon the Fourier series decomposition of the variables expressed in the moving frame, it leads to the resolution of an eigen value problem
Belmehdi, Bouchra. "Le commerce électronique des produits informatiques, équipements ou logiciels : Les conditions de son développement en France". Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020043.