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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Sources. 651/2: 0"
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Guenther, Bruce L. "American Evangelicalism, by N. Magnuson and W. G. Travis & Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, by E. L. Blumhofer and J. A. Carpenter". Arc: The Journal of the School of Religious Studies 21 (1 maggio 1993): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/arc.v21i.650.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The author in this one submission offers a review of two different books, which seek to discuss evangelical Protestantism. 1. American Evangelicalism: An Annotated Bibliography. By Norris Magnuson and William G. Travis. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill Press, 1990. ISBN 0-933951-27-2. Pp. xix+495. 2. Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism: A Guide to the Sources. By Edith L. Blumhofer and Joel A. Carpenter. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-8240-3040-0. Pp. xv+384.
2
Goetsch, A. L., A. R. Patil, D. L. Galloway, B. Kouakou, Z. S. Wang, K. K. Park e J. E. Rossi. "Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming grasses of different sources and physical forms ad libitum". British Journal of Nutrition 77, n. 5 (maggio 1997): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Crossbred sheep (n 16,8·5 months of age and 33 (SE 0·9) kg) were used in a 21 d experiment (2x2 factorial) to determine effects on net flux of nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of ad libitum consumption of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon; B) v. ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum; RW) hay, coarsely chopped (CC) or finely ground and pelleted (GP). Crude protein concentrations were 86, 81, 113 and 119g/kg and neutral-detergent fibre concentrations were 710, 688, 654 and 672 g/kg (dry matter basis) for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively. Digestible energy intake (6.0,9.6·, 10·2 and 13·8 W/d) Mered (P < 0·01) with grass source and form, and digestible N intake values were 4·4, 7·0, 8·4 and 14.1 (SEM 0·82) g/d for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP diets respectively. Consumption of O2 by the PDV (118,165,144 and 155mmol/h) and splanchnic bed (196,273,247 and 266 mmollh for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively) was greater (P=O·O7) for GP than for CC. The ratio splanchnic heat energy production: digestible energy intake was greater (P=0·06) for B than for RW (0·374,0·300,0·278 and 0·219 for B.CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively). α-Amino-N release by the PDV (P< 0·01; 11·6, 12·8, 23·0 and 18·7 mmoyh) and uptake by the liver (P=0·07; 15·2, 6·1, 17·0 and 19·3 mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively) were greater for RW than for B. Release of NH3-N by the PDV was greater (P=O·02) for CC than for GP (12·5, 6·2, 15·7 and 8·9 mmol/h), and hepatic urea-N release differed between grass sources (P=O·O3) and physical forms (P=0·07; 22·6, 12·7, 31·4 and mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively). In conclusion, decreases in forage particle size elicited by grinding and pelleting did not affect the difference between grass sources in splanchnic tissue heat energy production relative to digestible energy intake.
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Cromwick, Anne-Marie, e Richard A. Gross. "Investigation by NMR of metabolic routes to bacterial γ-poly(glutamic acid) using 13C-labeled citrate and glutamate as media carbon sources". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1995): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-124.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945A produces γ-poly(glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) when using glutamate, citrate, and glycerol in combination as media carbon sources. Also, various aspects of B. licheniformis cellular physiology are affected by the concentration of Mn(II) salts in culture media. Thus, the metabolism of carbon sources into γ-PGA as a function of MnSO4 concentration was studied by enriching the media with either L-[1,2-13C]glutamic acid (NH2—2CH(1COOH)—(CH2)2-COOH) or [1,5-13C]citric acid (HOO1C—CH2—C(OH)(COOH)—CH2—5COOH) at two media MnSO4 concentrations (615 and 0 μM). Enrichment factors (EF) from 13C-NMR spectra were calculated from the ratio of peak intensities from 13C-enriched γ-PGA divided by the ratio of peak intensities for nonenriched γ-PGA. EF values were than used to determine the percentage of repeat units that were formed from glutamate and citrate. The percentage of repeat units formed from provided glutamate at the 0 and 615 μM Mn(II) media concentrations was 89 ± 14 and 67 ± 11%, respectively. These respective products have 51 ± 9 and 39 ± 11% of their repeat units formed with apparent retention of the glutamate carbon skeleton. Also, enrichment of γ-PGA repeat units at C-1 was found to be lower than C-2 at both Mn(II) levels. Thus, provided glutamate was used to a large extent for polymer formation with both retention of the carbon skeleton as well as decarboxylation at C-1. Provided citrate was also used as a source of carbon to form repeat units. At the 0 and 615 μM media Mn(II) levels, 9 ± 4 and 19 ± 5% of repeat units were formed from citrate. It is believed that citrate is metabolized to γ-PGA by entry into the citric acid cycle and formation of α-ketoglutarate. Analysis of products from cultivations where both glutamate and citrate were 13C enriched indicated that citrate and glutamate carbon source metabolism to γ-PGA occurs via independent pathways to common monomer precursors without multiple recycling of these carbon sources through catabolic and anabolic pathways.Key words: γ-poly(glutamic acid), metabolism, manganese, Bacillus licheniformis, nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Neshumaeva, Nadezhda A., Aleksandr V. Sidorov e Sergei A. Gerasimov. "Assessment of juvenile resistance of barley and wheat accessions to dark brown leaf spot". E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339005003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dark brown leaf spot of cereal crops caused by the Bipolaris sorokiniana fungus causes significant crop losses worldwide. To create new resistant varieties, it is necessary to use sources with a high level of resistance. In the laboratory of physiology and biotechnology of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, the juvenile resistance of the breeding material of spring barley and spring soft wheat of competitive variety testing to dark brown spot was evaluated. The most toxigenic isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana were preliminarily selected for the production of inoculum, which was used to treat horizontally placed seedlings of the studied cereal samples in the 1-2 leaf phase. The development of the disease was assessed on a scale from 0 to 6. The sources of resistance included highly resistant samples, the damage of which did not exceed 2 points. These are samples of spring barley V19-6718, V21-6723, B25-6260, B33-6315, V33-6767, V34-6713, V40-6828, K-91-2, K104-1, S-106, K-134- 3 and spring soft wheat Altaiskaya 75, K-613-2, K-654-1, K-229-9, K-693-2, K-780-1, K-696-7, KSI-10, of interest for selection for fungal diseases.
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Mbogori, Teresia. "Disparities in the Nutritional Status of Children (0–23 Months) in Kenya". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 maggio 2020): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objectives To determine the social economic and rural/urban disparities in the nutritional status of children aged 0–23 months in Kenya. Methods This study utilized data from the most current Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS), a nationally representative cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. Data from children 0–23 months with complete information on weight, height, age and sex were used for analysis. Height for Age Z scores (HAZ), Weight for Age Z scores (WAZ), Weight for Height Z scores (WHZ), and BMI for Age Z scores (BAZ) were computed using WHO Anthroplus program to determine the nutritional status of the children. Chi square statistics were used to determine the relationship between wealth index, education status of mother, rural/urban residence, gender, and the nutritional status of the children. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Among all participating children aged 0–23 months (n = 7578), 22.7% were stunted (HAZ < −2), 10.7% were underweight (WAZ < −2), 6.2% were wasted (WHZ < −2), and 6.1% were either overweight or obese (BAZ > 2). Wasting, stunting, and underweight were significantly higher in children from rural areas, poorer wealth index and from mothers with no education. In contrast, children from urban areas, from richest wealth index category and from mothers with secondary or higher education were significantly more likely to be either overweight or obese. There were no gender differences in all the indicators of malnutrition. Stunting, wasting and underweight were also significantly higher in older children (6–23 months) as compared to the younger children (0–5 months). Conclusions Disparities exist in childhood malnutrition in Kenya with children from low social economic status and those living in rural areas experiencing higher rates of under-nutrition whereas those living in urban areas and those from higher social economic status experiencing higher rates of overweight and obesity. Current and new policies need to address these disparities to ensure that childhood malnutrition continues to improve in all sectors of the society. Funding Sources No funding source.
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Genoni, Angela, Johnny Lo, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Mary C. Boyce, Claus T. Christophersen, Anthony Bird e Amanda Devine. "A Paleolithic diet lowers resistant starch intake but does not affect serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations in healthy women". British Journal of Nutrition 121, n. 3 (17 dicembre 2018): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451800329x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Paleolithic diet excludes two major sources of fibre, grains and legumes. However, it is not known whether this results in changes to resistant starch (RS) consumption. Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced mainly from colonic fermentation and hepatic conversion of animal protein and is implicated in CVD, but changes in RS intake may alter concentrations. We aimed to determine whether intake of RS and serum concentrations of TMAO varied in response to either the Paleolithic or the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) diets and whether this was related to changes in food group consumption. A total of thirty-nine women (mean age 47 (sd 13) years, BMI 27 (sd 4) kg/m2) were randomised to AGHE (n 17) or Paleolithic diets (n 22) for 4 weeks. Serum TMAO concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography–MS; food groups, fibre and RS intake were estimated from weighed food records. The change in TMAO concentrations between groups (Paleolithic 3·39 μmv. AGHE 1·19 μm, P = 0·654) did not reach significance despite greater red meat and egg consumption in the Paleolithic group (0·65 serves/d; 95 % CI 0·2, 1·1; P <0·01, and 0·22 serves/d; 95 % CI 0·1, 0·4, P <0·05, respectively). RS intake was significantly lower on the Paleolithic diet (P <0·01) and was not associated with TMAO concentrations. However, the limited data for RS and the small sample size may have influenced these findings. While there were no significant changes in TMAO concentrations, increased meat consumption and reduced RS intake warrant further research to examine the markers of gastrointestinal health of Paleolithic diet followers and to update Australian food databases to include additional fibre components.
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Bader-Zaar, Birgitta, Evguenia Davidova, Minja Bujaković, Milena Kirova, Malgorzata Fidelis, Stefano Petrungaro, Alexandra Talavar et al. "Book Reviews". Aspasia 16, n. 1 (1 giugno 2022): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2022.160114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 4, no. 2, “East European Feminisms, Part 1: The History of East European Feminisms,” eds. Maria Bucur and Krassimira Daskalova, 2020.Maria Bucur, The Nation’s Gratitude: World War I and Citizenship Rights in Interwar Romania, London: Routledge, 2022, vi–viii, 231 pp., $160.00 (hardback), $48.95 (ebook), ISBN: 978-0-367-74978-1.Sanja Ćopić and Zorana Antonijević, eds., Feminizam, aktivizam, politike: Proizvodnja znanja na poluperiferiji. Zbornik radova u čast Marine Blagojević Hughson (Feminism, activism, politics: Knowledge production in the semiperiphery. Collection in honor of Marina Blagojević Hughson), Belgrade: Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research (IKSI), 2021, 621 pp., ISBN: 978-86-80756-42-4.Krassimira Daskalova, Zhorzheta Nazarska, and Reneta Roshkeva, eds., Ot siankata na istoriata: Zhenite v bulgarskoto obshtestvo i kultura, volume 2, Izvori za istoriana na zhenite: Dnevnitsi, spomeni, pisma, beletristika (From the shadows of history: Women in Bulgarian society and culture, volume 2, Sources of women’s history: diaries, memoirs, letters, fiction), Sofi a: Sofi a University Press, 2021, 621 pp., BGN 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-954-07-5180-1.Melissa Feinberg, Communism in Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, 2022, 229 pp., $44.75 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8133-4817-9.Fabio Giomi, Making Muslim Women European: Voluntary Associations, Gender, and Islam in Post-Ottoman Bosnia and Yugoslavia (1878–1941), Budapest: CEU Press, 2021, 420 pp., €88.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-963-386-369-5.Yulia Gradskova, The Women’s International Democratic Federation, the Global South and the Cold War: Defending the Rights of Women of the “Whole World”? London: Routledge, 2020, 222 pp. £29.59 (e-book), ISBN: 9781003050032.Dagmar Gramshammer-Hohl and Oana Hergenröther, eds., Foreign Countries of Old Age: East and Southeast European Perspectives on Aging, Aging Studies, vol. 19, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2021, 386 pp., €45 (paperback), ISBN: 978-3-8376-4554-5.Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer, Fortress Dark and Stern: The Soviet Home Front During World War II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, 528 pp., $34.95 (hardback), ISBN: 9780190618414.Oksana Kis, Survival as Victory: Ukrainian Women in the Gulag, Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021, 652 pp., 78 color photos, 10 photos, €84.50 (hardback), ISBN: 9780674258280.Yelena Lembersky and Galina Lembersky, Like a Drop of Ink in a Downpour: Memories of Soviet Russia, Boston: Cherry Orchard Books, 2022, 247 pp., $17.19 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-64469-669-9.Mihaela Miroiu, Povestiri despre Cadmav (Stories about Cadmav), Bucharest: Rocart, 2021, 270 pp., RON 31.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-606-95093-0-2.Mie Nakachi, Replacing the Dead: The Politics of Reproduction in the Postwar Soviet Union, New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, 352 pp., $39.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0190635138.Olga Todorova, Domashnoto robstvo i robovladenie v osmanska Rumelia (Domestic slavery and slave ownership in Ottoman Rumelia), Sofia: Gutenberg, 2021, 444 pp., BGN 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-619-176-195-1.
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Remijan, A., C. Xue, L. Margulès, A. Belloche, R. A. Motiyenko, J. Carder, C. Codella et al. "Expanding the submillimeter wave spectroscopy and astronomical search for thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) in the ISM". Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (febbraio 2022): A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142504.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context. One of the biggest unsolved mysteries of modern astrochemistry is understanding chemical formation pathways in the interstellar medium (ISM) and circumstellar environments. The detections (or even nondetections) of molecules composed of low-abundance atomic species (such as S, P, Si, and Mg) may help to constrain chemical pathways. Thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) is the sulfur analog to acetemide (CH3CONH2) and it is a viable candidate to search for in astronomical environments – specifically toward regions where other S-bearing molecules have been found and, if possible, that also contain a detection of CH3CONH2. If detected, it would not only continue to expand the view of molecular complexity in astronomical environments, but also help to better elucidate the possible formation pathways of these types of species in these environments. Aims. Our aim is to expand the frequency range of the measured rotational spectrum of CH3CSNH2 beyond 150 GHz and then to use those measurements to extend the search for this species in the ISM. The new laboratory measurements and expanded search cover more parameter space for determining under what conditions CH3CSNH2 may be detected, leading to possible constraints on the formation of large S-bearing molecules found in the ISM. Methods. The rotational spectrum of CH3CSNH2 was investigated up to 650 GHz. Using the newly refined spectrum of CH3CSNH2, as well as additional spectroscopic data on the chemically related species CH3CONH2, a variety of astronomical sources were searched including data from the following large surveys: Prebiotic Interstellar Molecule Survey conducted with the Green Bank Telescope; Exploring molecular complexity with ALMA conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array; and Astrochemical Surveys at IRAM conducted with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m Telescope. Results. A total of 1428 transitions from the vt = 0 state with maximum values J = 47 and Ka = 20 in the range up to 330 GHz, and J = 95 and Ka = 20 in the range from 400–660 GHz were assigned. We also assigned 321 transitions from the vt = 1 state with the maximum values J = 35 and Ka = 9 up to 330 GHz. We achieved a final fit with a root-mean-square deviation of 43.4 kHz that contains 2035 measured lines from our study and the literature for vt = 0 and vt = 1 states of A and E symmetries. The final fit is based on the rho-axis-method Hamiltonian model that includes 40 parameters. An astronomical search for CH3CSNH2 was conducted based on all the new spectroscopic data. No transitions of CH3CSNH2 were detected toward any of the sources contained in our survey. Using the appropriate telescope and physical parameters for each astronomical source, upper limits to the column densities were found for CH3CSNH2 toward each source.
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Sinclair, L. A., S. L. Cooper, S. Chikunya, R. G. Wilkinson, K. G. Hallett, M. Enser e J. D. Wood. "Biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and their effects on microbial metabolism and plasma fatty acid concentrations in sheep". Animal Science 81, n. 2 (ottobre 2005): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc50040239.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSix cannulated wether sheep weighing 57 (s.d. 4·3) kg were used to investigate the susceptibility of unprotected and protected n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources to biohydrogenation in the rumen, their uptake into plasma and effects on ruminal metabolism. The sheep were assigned to one of six dietary treatments formulated to have a similar fatty acid content (60 g/kg DM) and containing: linseed oil (LO), linseed oil absorbed into vermiculite (VLO), formic acid-formaldehyde treated whole linseed (FLS), fish oil (FO), fat encapsulated fish oil (PFO) or a mixture of fish oil and marine algae (1: 1 on an oil basis; AF), in six periods of 28 days duration in a Latin-square design. Biohydrogenation of C20:5(n-3) and C22:6(n-3) was high in FO at approximately 870 g/kg, but reduced to 625 and 625 g/kg respectively for PFO, and 769 and 601 g/kg respectively for AF. Ruminal biohydrogenation of C18:3(n-3) was similar across treatments based on linseed, averaging 860 g/kg, but C18:2(n-6) was lower (P< 0·05) in animals given VLO or FLS at 792 and 837 g/kg respectively, compared with LO (907 g/kg). Duodenal flow of C18:1trans in animals given any of the diets containing fish oil averaged 8·4 g/day compared with 2·8 g/day in animals given diets based on linseed (P< 0·001), whilst cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid was not significantly different among treatments. Plasma C20:5(n-3) and C22:6(n-3) proportions were highest in animals given the AF diet (11·8 and 8·2 g per 100 g of the total fatty acids respectively) and lowest in animals given LO (2·8 and 2·7 g per 100 g of the total fatty acids respectively;P< 0·001). By contrast, plasma C18:3(n-3) proportions were highest in animals given the LO or VLO diets at approximately 6·9 g per 100 g of the total fatty acids, and lowest in the AF treatment at 0·9 g per 100 g (P< 0·001). Duodenal non-ammonia-N flow was similar among treatments at 21·0 g/day except in animals given FLS which had the highest flow (25·9 g N per day;P< 0·01). Microbial N flow was also similar among treatments whilst microbial efficiency (g N per kg OM truly degraded in the rumen) was higher (P< 0·05) in animals given FLS than LO, FO or AF. By contrast, ruminal fibre digestion was higher (P< 0·05) in animals given LO or FO than those offered VLO, FLS, PFO or AF. In conclusion, compared with linseed oil, absorption of linseed oil into vermiculite improved duodenal flow but not plasma levels of C18:3(n-3), whilst formic acid-formaldehyde treatment of linseed had little effect on protecting C18:3(n-3) in the rumen, although duodenal non-ammonia nitrogen flow and microbial efficiency were improved. Compared with fish oil, the provision of marine algae or fat encapsulated fish oil resulted in a lower biohydrogenation of C22:6(n-3) and C20:5(n-3), and an increased duodenal flow and plasma concentration and offers the potential to favourably manipulate the n-3 fatty acid composition of sheep meat.
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Liguori, Carli, Jessica Cheng, Hai-Wei Liang, Patricia Documet e Sharon Taverno Ross. "Associations Between Parent Diet Quality and Child Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake in Latinx Families Living in an Emerging Community". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (giugno 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac051.052.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objectives Hispanic children have the highest rates of obesity among children in the US and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake is of concern. It has been established that parent diet is associated with child dietary outcomes. This association has been understudied in the context of Latinx families, particularly those living in emerging Latinx communities (areas with a small yet growing population) where culturally appropriate foods may not be readily available. This analysis aims to determine the relationship between parent diet quality and parent reported child consumption of SSBs. Methods We analyzed baseline data for parent/child (age 2–11 years) pairs (n = 53) from the “Raices” study, a 6-month intervention for improving social support, healthcare accessibility, physical activity, and nutrition behaviors among Latinx living in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. Mothers were selected as primary caregivers. In cases where no maternal data was available, the father was used. A multinomial regression was used with parent diet quality (Starting the Conversation [SCT] 8-item questionnaire, range 0–16, higher scores representing poorer diet quality) as the independent variable and parent reported child SSB intake (modified 2010 NYPANS questionnaire) as the dependent variable with child age, child BMI category, parent age, and parent education as covariates. Results Nearly 40% of parents (mean age = 37.9 ± 5.9 years; 98.1% female; 56.6% college educated; mean STC score = 5.9 ± 2.7; mean time living in US = 8.8 ± 6.8 years) reported their children (mean age = 6.1 ± 2.6 years; 64.2% female; 71.7% normal weight) consume ≥ 2 SSBs/day. The odds of a child consuming 0 SSB/day or 1 SSB/day compared with ≥ 2 SSBs/day was not significantly predicted by parent diet quality (0/d: OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.50, 1.09; 1/d: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.78, 1.34), while controlling for child age, child BMI, parent age and parent education. Conclusions Parent diet quality was not associated with parent reported child SSB intake in this sample of Latinx families living in an emerging community. Future research should continue to explore determinants of food choice in Latinx children. Funding Sources Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, 1HOCMS331535-01-00.
Tesi sul tema "Sources. 651/2: 0"
1
Wei, Wei. "Underwater measurement of the sound-intensity vector : its use in locating sound sources, and in measuring the sound power of stationary and moving sources /". Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 1994. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1296083321&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268675088&clientId=22256.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 1994.Typescript. "May 1994 ." Dissertation director: Dr. Robert Hickling Committee chair: Dr. Richard Raspet Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-118). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Errahmane, Karim. "Etude du detecteur de traces de l'experience nemo3 - simulation de la mesure de l'ultra-faible radioactivite en 2 0 8t1 des sources de l'experience nemo3 candidates a la double desintegration beta sans emission de neutrino". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'experience nemo3 a pour but la recherche de la double desintegration beta sans emission de neutrino qui est un processus a basse energie signant la nature massive et de majorana du neutrino. Cette experience, tres bas bruit de fond radioactif et accueillant 10kg d'isotopes enrichis, etudie principalement le 1 0 0mo. Installe au laboratoire souterrain de modane, nemo3 est un detecteur cylindrique compose d'une feuille source centrale tres mince, d'un detecteur de traces constitue de cellules de derives verticales en regime geiger, d'un calorimetre et d'un blindage approprie. Cette these est divisee en 2 parties differentes. La premiere partie est une etude complete des proprietes du detecteur de traces. Grace a un prototype de 9 cellules de derive, nous avons caracterise la reconstruction longitudinale et transverse de la position de l'ionisation creee par un laser. Puis, avec les 3 premiers modules en fonctionnement au lsm, nous avons utilise des sources externes de neutrons afin de mesurer la resolution transverse de la position de l'ionisation creee par des electrons de haute energie. Enfin, pour etudier la reconstruction, sur la feuille source, du vertex d'emission d'electrons, des sources radioactives de 2 0 7bi, produisant des electrons de conversion, ont ete utilisees a l'interieure des 3 modules. Dans la seconde partie de cette these, nous montrons que nous pouvons, grace au detecteur nemo3 lui-meme, mesurer le niveau de contamination, ultra faible en 2 0 8t1 provenant de la chaine radioactive naturelle du thorium, des sources. En etudiant les canaux electronphotons, il est possible d'isoler l'activite en 2 0 8t1 des sources en realisant une analyse de l'energie et des differents temps de vol des particules. Ainsi, apres seulement 2 mois de mesure, nemo3 est capable d'atteindre une sensibilite de 20bq/kg qui correspond a l'activite maximale en 2 0 8t1, autorisee pour les sources, fixee dans la proposition d'experience.
3
Laffon, Hélène. "Optimisation logicielle des performances instrumentales de H. E. S. S. Pour l'analyse des sources ténues de rayonnement gamma : Application à l'étude de l'objet HESS J1832-092". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/77/09/59/ANNEX/Soutenance_Laffon.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'expérience H. E. S. S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System), située en Namibie, est un réseau de télescopes basé sur la technique d'imagerie Tcherenkov atmosphérique en stéréoscopie et dédié à l'astronomie gamma entre 100 GeV et quelques dizaines de TeV. H. E. S. S. Dispose d'une situation géographique idéale pour observer notre galaxie, la Voie Lactée, et a ainsi pu découvrir des dizaines de nouvelles sources gamma grâce à sa stratégie de relevé systématique du plan galactique. Après environ dix ans d'observations fructueuses, les limites de l'instrument doivent désormais être repoussées pour pouvoir détecter de nouvelles sources plus faibles. Le développement d'algorithmes avancés permettant d'améliorer la sensibilité et la résolution angulaire de l'instrument est au coeur de cette thèse. Un outil de recherche automatique de nouvelles sources ainsi qu'une amélioration de la soustraction du bruit de fond sont présentés dans le cadre de l'étude des sources très faibles, nécessitant une analyse particulièrement rigoureuse. Une méthode combinant différentes techniques de reconstruction des événements est développée et permet d'améliorer la résolution angulaire sans diminuer la statistique, cruciale pour l'étude des sources faibles. Ces techniques avancées sont appliquées à l'analyse d'une région complexe du plan galactique, autour du vestige de supernova G22. 7-0. 2, qui a conduit à la détection d'une nouvelle source, HESS J1832-092. Les contreparties multi-longueurs d'onde à cette source sont présentées et différents scénarios sont envisagés pour expliquer l'origine de l'émission gamma de cet objet astrophysiqueH. E. S. S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) is an array of very-high energy gamma-ray telescopes located in Namibia. These telescopes take advantage of the atmospheric Cherenkov technique using stereoscopy, allowing to detect gamma-rays between 100 GeV and a few tens of TeV. The location of the H. E. S. S. Telescopes in the Southern hemisphere allows to observe the central parts of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Tens of new gamma-ray sources were thereby discovered thanks to the galactic plane survey strategy. After ten years of fruitful observations with many detections, it is now necessary to improve the detector performance in order to detect new sources by increasing the sensitivity and improving the angular resolution. The aim of this thesis consists in the development of advanced analysis techniques allowing to make sharper analysis. An automatic tool to look for new sources and to improve the subtraction of the background noise is presented. It is optimized for the study of weak sources that needs a very rigorous analysis. A combined reconstruction method is built in order to improve the angular resolution without reducing the statistics, which is critical for weak sources. These advanced methods are applied to the analysis of a complex region of the galactic plane near the supernova remnant G22. 7-0. 2, leading to the detection of a new source, HESS J1832-092. Multi-wavelength counterparts are shown and several scenarii are considered to explain the origin of the gamma-ray signal of this astrophysical object
Libri sul tema "Sources. 651/2: 0"
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Konstantinovna, Romodanovskai͡a︡ Elena, a cura di. Istoricheskiĭ anekdot v russkoĭ literature XVIII veka: Anekdoty o Petre Velikom. Novosibirsk: Sibirskiĭ khronograf, 2001.
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Yost, William A., Arthur N. Popper e Richard R. Fay, a cura di. Auditory Perception of Sound Sources. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71305-2.
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Maugeri, Giuseppe. L’insegnamento dell’italiano a stranieri Alcune coordinate di riferimento per gli anni Venti. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-523-0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This book develops the theme of teaching Italian abroad, starting from the awareness of the motivations for foreign students to study the Italian language and the different methodological procedures in order to teach it.For this purpose, the book focuses on the problems concerning the training of teachers of Italian to foreigners and on the many aspects of teaching Italian in order to propose both a methodological reflection on the edulinguistic project and educational solutions aimed at improving the quality of the students’ learning.Part 1The first part focuses on edulinguistic teaching vision for the learning of the Italian language as a foreign language based upon the principles of the Humanistic Approach.1. Teaching Italian Language Abroad: Institutional Language Policy and StrategiesThis chapter focuses on the situation of Italian foreign language teaching in the world. It also describes the linguistic policy for the promotion of Italian languages abroad adopted by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the results obtained as the number of students involved in the different geographic areas.2. Teaching Trainer Courses as a Key Factor to Improve the Quality of Teaching Italian AbroadIn this chapter teaching trainer courses for Italian language teachers are considered as a part of a strategy to increase the students’ motivations and the learning process.3. Students as a Customer vs Students as a PersonLinguistic education and the Humanistic Approach aim to develop the students’ potential and create an autonomous language personality. Therefore, in this chapter, we outline a teaching perspective that considers the student as a person at the centre of teaching and learning Italian process.Part 2In the second part teaching methodologies to improve the quality of teaching and learning Italian language to foreigners are described.4. Effective Cooperative Learning Strategies to Teach Italian as a Foreign LanguageExamples of cooperative learning are given to illustrate how the following teaching methodology is possible in teaching Italian language even if it demands strong research and clear guidance for educators.5. How to Teach Italian Grammar to ForeignersThis chapter examines the existing research about using a deductive form of teaching grammar versus using an inductive form of teaching it.6. Teaching Italian Through Literature, Movies and CartoonsIn this chapter, different media and sources to teach Italian are examined. Using both classic and digital tools, students can explore the Italian language and culture from different points of view, developing a strategy to revisit thinking and to collaborate with others during the reading of classic texts or reading a cartoon.7. Humanistic Testing and Assessment for Italian as a Foreign LanguageFrom a Humanistic point of view, in this chapter, testing and assessment are considered as potential and relevant instruments to measure the progress and performance of individual students of Italian language.8. How to Plan and Use an Environment to Teach Italian to ForeignersThis chapter focuses on learning space to teach Italian to foreigners. The main aim is to provide practical advice and support to the teachers of Italian language schools that are going to explore how to develop and adapt learning spaces to the teaching activities and the students’ needs.
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Iz istorii zemli Tomskoĭ (1921-1924): Narod i vlastʹ : sbornik dokumentov i materialov. Tomsk: Gos. arkhiv Tomskoĭ oblasti, 2000.
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5
DiBona, Chris, Danese Cooper e Mark Stone. Open Sources 2. 0: The Continuing Evolution. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2005.
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6
DiBona, Chris, Danese Cooper e Mark Stone. Open Sources 2. 0: The Continuing Evolution. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2005.
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Dibona, Chris, Danese Cooper e Mark Stone. Open Sources 2. 0: The Continuing Evolution. O'Reilly Media, Incorporated, 2005.
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8
Energy Sources. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2011-0-05048-2.
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Incorporating Knowledge Sources into Statistical Speech Recognition. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85830-2.
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Amilevičius, Darius, Andrius Utka, Aistė Meidutė e Jūratė Ruzaitė. DIGIRES COVID-19 ML Dataset v.1. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/20.500.12259/252155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
DIGIRES COVID-19 ML dataset v.1 is a tab-separated (.tsv) file prepared for training machine learning algorithms. The training dataset was compiled from various internet public Lithuanian media sources. It contains 351 records and has the following attributes: "Title": the title of a news article "Text": the text of the article "Label": a label that marks the article as 1: unreliable; 0: reliable 1) "unrealiable" marks articles, which were identified by professional fact checkers as fake news; 2) "reliable" marks trustworthy articles. Classes Labels Word tokens Reliable: 175 67902 Unreliable: 176 118747 Total 351 186649.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Sources. 651/2: 0"
1
Polley, Martin. "Primary Sources in Sports History 2". In Sports History, 109–31. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20927-5_7.
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Agrawal, Abha. "Citing References from Sources on the Internet". In EndNote 1 - 2 - 3 Easy!, 193–211. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95901-6_9.
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Agrawal, Abha. "Citing References from Sources on the Internet". In EndNote® 1-2-3 Easy!, 175–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-25491-3_9.
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"Sources". In Optimisation et analyse convexe, 323–24. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0700-0-024.
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"Sources". In Intégrales singulières, 145–46. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0276-0-011.
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"Sources". In Intégrales singulières, 145–46. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0276-0.c011.
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"Sources". In Optimisation et analyse convexe, 323–24. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0700-0.c024.
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Santra, D. K., e R. Schoenlechner. "Amaranth Part 2—Sustainability, Processing, and Applications of Amaranth". In Sustainable Protein Sources, 257–64. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802778-3.00016-0.
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Caon, Fabio. "2 • Una mappa dei fattori che influenzano l’apprendimento linguistico". In Edulinguistica ludica Facilitare l’apprendimento linguistico con il gioco e la ludicità. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-651-0/002.
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"Supply Sources". In New Dimensions in Photo Processes, 289–99. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-240-80789-8.50020-2.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Sources. 651/2: 0"
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Robie, Daniel C., L. E. Jusinski e William K. Bischel. "Laser-Based Detection of Highly Vibrationally Excited H2 for Plasma Diagnostics". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.pdp26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It has been suggested that the main source of H- in hydrogen plasmas is dissociative attachment to H2(v=6 to 10)1. In order to test this, it is necessary to measure the vibrational level populations inside the plasma. We have constructed a source of vibrationally excited H2 using a recently discovered hot-wire effect 2,3. Our source consists of a hot tantalum wire in a cooled stainless steel cell. The H2 pressure is 10 mTorr; the residence time in the cell is about 40 ms. Using 2+1 resonantly-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) through the EF state, we have observed 27 H2 bands from X(v"=4-11) to EF(v'=0-14) at wavelengths from 232 nm to 285 nm. Ions produced by REMPI are separated by mass in a time-of-flight apparatus. Both H+ and H 2 + are produced. Rotational temperatures appear to be 300-650 K, well below that required for thermal excitation of the observed vibrational levels. The population of vibrational levels falls off dramatically between v"=9 and 10. This is the first detection by optical absorption of v"==10 and 11. This source makes possible the development of laser-induced fluorescence techniques for the detection of vibrationally excited H2.
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Wijnands, Rudy, e Michiel van der Klis. "KiloHertz quasi-periodic oscillations in the Z sources GX 340+0, Cygnus X-2, GX 17+2, GX 5–1, and Scorpius X-1". In Accretion processes in astrophysical systems: Some like it hot! - eigth astrophysics conference. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55921.
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Magakian, T. Yu, A. M. Tatarnikov, T. A. Movsessian e H. R. Andreasyan. "Near-infrared detection of H 2 flows in the core of Mon R1 association". In ASTRONOMY AT THE EPOCH OF MULTIMESSENGER STUDIES. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23–28, 2021. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51194/vak2021.2022.1.1.055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We report the discovery of 4 new H 2 jets in Mon R1 star-forming region on the images obtained with the 2.5-m telescopeof the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU through the filter, centered on the H 2 1–0 S(1) emission line. Thisdiscovery confirms the nature of these flows, which existence was previously suspected using archival Spitzer GLIMPSE360and WISE survey images. Also two infrared reflection nebulae were revealed. On the Herschel PACS survey images we founda small group of far-infrared sources, mostly new ones. Among them are the possible exciting objects of these outflows.Spectral energy distributions of new sources show their extremely red colour and the bolometric luminosities reaching 3L ⊙and even 10L ⊙ . Several of them should belong to Class I and even to Class 0 objects.
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Key, M. H., D. H. Kalantar, J. Nilson, B. A. Remington, S. V. Weber, E. Wolfrum, D. Neely et al. "Developments in XUV laser radiography of laser driven targets". In Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hfsw.1997.fb4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
XUV lasers are being exploited for radiography with high space, time and amplitude resolution of perturbations in laser driven targets. Information of importance for research into the possibility of generating energy by inertially confined fusion has been obtained using a saturated 15.4 nm neon-like Yttrium laser [1,2,3]. More recently further work has been carried out with a neon-like Ge laser also operating at saturation with prepulse drive on the J=0-1 transition at 19.6 nm. This has enabled new avenues to be explored including the effect on the laser driven targets of single mode perturbations in the drive intensity and the transient behavior of thermal smoothing of the perturbations as illustrated by figures 1 and 2. The change in XUV opacity of the dense shock compressed target material has also been studied and is of basic science interest as it gives the first direct measurement of the scaling with density of inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption in a strongly degenerate plasma [4].
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Živković, Andreja, Nataša Tomić, Marija Vuksanović e Aleksandar Marinković. "Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resin coating with improved fire resistance by the addition of modified tannic acid". In 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.020.8.1.35.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents a new process for obtaining eco-epoxide materials with reduced combustibility or completely non-combustible, which are synthesized from bio-renewable raw materials, whose production process consists of two stages. A particular aspect of multiple environmental significance is the use of bio-renewable resources and the reduction of the share of the toxic epoxy component in the production of epoxy materials. The first stage considers the synthesis epoxy resin components: epoxy functionalized tannic acid (TA) – ETA, and synthesis of phosphate derivatives of TA - glycidyl ester of TA modified by phosphoric acid (PGET). The second stage considers the synthesis of bio-epoxy resins using ETA and PGET that are used as a replacement of the epoxy resin component (A) – bisphenol A based epoxy in a ratio 25-100% as a reactive diluent to obtain products that can be used in the construction and other industrial fields and have reduced combustibility or completely non-combustible. The second part presents the results of thermal and mechanical tests for some of the obtained derivatives. The addition of 25% of TA derivate improved the toughness as well as the tensile strength of epoxy material. Thermogravimetry showed that samples containing tannin epoxide showed more residue left. Partial or full replacement of the epoxy component with a tannin component produces eco-friendly material with while significantly increased fire resistance (V-2 to V-0).
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Ishii, A., T. Uda e Y. K. Kato. "Room-temperature single photon emission from micron-long air-suspended carbon nanotubes". In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.7p_a404_3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Carbon nanotubes have great potential for single photon sources as they have stable exciton states even at room temperature and their emission wavelengths cover the telecommunication bands. In recent years, single photon emission from carbon nanotubes has been achieved by creating localized states of excitons [1]. In contrast to such an approach, here we utilize mobile excitons and show that single photons can be generated at room temperature in air-suspended carbon nanotubes with lengths of several microns. We perform photoluminescence microscopy on as-grown air-suspended carbon nanotubes in order to determine their chirality and suspended length. Photon correlation measurements are performed on nanotube emission at room temperature using a Hanbury-Brown-Twiss setup with InGaAs/InP single photon detectors. We observe antibunching with a clear excitation power dependence, where we obtain g(2)(0) value less than 0.5 at low excitation powers (Fig. 1), indicating single photon generation. We show such g(2)(0) data with different chiralities and suspended lengths, and the effects of long exciton diffusion lengths and efficient exciton-exciton annihilation [2] on single photon generation processes are discussed.
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Gubaidullin, A. A., e B. R. Sehgal. "Simeco Tests in a Melt Stratified Pool". In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22709.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the last phase of the core degradation, an oxidic melt pool of mainly UO2, ZrO2, and unoxidized Zircaloy and stain-less steel will form in the lower head of the RPV (Theofanous et al., 1996). A molten metal layer (composed mainly of Fe and Zr) will rest on the top of the crust of the oxidic pool. A thin oxidic crust layer of frozen core material is formed on the vessel’s inside wall. In this bounding configuration, thermal loads to the RPV walls are determined by natural convection heat transfer driven by internal heat sources. Decay heat from fission products is assumed to be generated uniformly within the oxidic pool and generally no heat generation is considered in the upper metallic layer. For example, in a hypothetical severe accident scenario for an AP600-like reactor, the following values can be expected: volumetric heat generation Qv ∼ 1 MW/m3, volume of the oxidic pool V ∼ 10 m3, radius R = 2 m, temperatures in the oxidic pool T ∼ 2700°C, temperatures in the metal layer T ∼ 2000°C, maximum depth ratio of the metal layer to the oxidic pool L12 ∼ 0:3, properties of the oxidic pool, depending on melt composition, as characterized by the Prandtl number, Pr ∼ 0:6, properties of the metallic layer Pr < 0:1, the intensity of convective motion, as characterized by the Rayleigh number, Ra ∼ 1015–1016 (Theofanous et al., 1996). The time scale of core melt pool formation is estimated as 1/2 to 1 hour (Sehgal, 1999). Indeed, these estimates could vary, depending very much on the accident scenario and the type of reactor.
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Peck, James, Jason Liu, Kenneth M. Bryden e Tom I.-P. Shih. "Methods for Measuring and Computing the Adiabatic-Wall Temperature". In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14169.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract For convective heat transfer involving multiple sources of different temperatures in the flow field such as in film cooling, the adiabatic-wall temperature, Tad, is used as the reference temperature to define the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). Studies based on computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have always obtained Tad by requiring the cooled or heated surface to be adiabatic. Similarly, most experimental studies that measured Tad have sought to mimic adiabatic wall by using solids with very low thermal conductivity. Other experimental studies have obtained Tad by making two assumptions: (1) Tad at any given point on the cooled or heated surface is independent of the surface temperature, Ts, and the surface heat flux, qs″, at that point and (2) the HTC, had, which equals qs″/(Ts – Tad), depends only on the ratio of qs″ to Ts – Tad. With these two assumptions, measuring qs″ at two different Ts or vice versa at a point yields Tad and had at that point. In this study, CFD simulations, based on steady RANS, were performed to assess the assumptions invoked by CFD and experimental studies that seek to obtain Tad and had. The assessment was made by studying film cooling of a flat plate with an adiabatic wall and with isothermal walls, where the temperature of the isothermal wall, Ts, ranged from the lowest to the highest temperatures in the flow. Results from this study show Tad obtained by enforcing an adiabatic wall does not satisfy the requirement: where and when Ts – Tad = 0, qs″ = 0. Therefore, had approaches infinity where Ts – Tad is either zero or nearly zero, but qs″ ≠ 0. Also, obtaining Tad and had by measuring two sets of (Ts, qs″) was found to yield non-unique values that depended strongly upon the pair of (Ts, qs″) chosen. To overcome the shortcomings of existing methods, a new method was developed in this study to obtain Tad that does satisfy the requirement: Ts – Tad = 0 where and when qs″ = 0. Also, the method developed yields an had that is continuous across Ts – Tad = 0. By using the new method developed, errors in Tad and had obtained by existing methods were assessed.
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Ghorab, Mohamed G. "Forced and Mixing Convection Analysis of Discrete Heated Porous Convergent Channel". In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39266.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents a numerical investigation of forced and mixing convection heat transfer and flow analysis of a passive heat exchanger inside clear (non-porous) and partially porous channels at different outlet area. Four discrete heat sources with uniform heat flux are simulated on the bottom wall of the channel. FORTRAN CFD code was developed and used to solve non-dimensional the governing equations for the fluid and porous media using finite volume method. The flow field and thermal analysis inside the channel are investigated across a wide range of Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 300), Darcy number (10−2 ≤ Da ≤ 10−6), Richardson number (0 ≤ Ri ≤ 100) for 0.71 Prandtl number. The results show that the heat exchanger with partially porous convergent channel provides superior heat source cooling which leads to develop the macro and microelectronic devices.
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Swanson, William H., Joel Pokorny e Vivianne C. Smith. "Phase-dependent sensitivity to heterochromatic flicker: subject differences in color-normal males". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.my6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We measured sensitivity to sinusoidal temporal modulation as a function of the relative phase of two equally luminant chromatic sources. We previously reported data for three observers at a range of temporal frequencies (OSA 1985); now we report data for a range of observers at a single temporal frequency. The stimuli were presented in a two-channel Maxwellian view system employing red (625-nm) and green (564-nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The two sources were matched by heterochromatic flicker photometry, and their mixture was metameric to ~600 nm. The radiance of the LEDs was controlled by computer-driven electronic circuitry that provided a linear response up to 900 td/LED. A 350 td, 2° test field was superimposed on 8°, 600-nm adapting fields of 100 and 1000 td. We measured modulation sensitivity to 6-Hz flicker for eighteen phases from 0° to 340° and computed an axis of symmetry. Color-normal males had phase axes in the range of 123–173° and 112–156° for adapting fields of 100 and 1000 td (that is, stimulus condition red-leads-green gives minimum sensitivity). In comparison, color-defective males had phase axes of 176–184°. We discuss the data in terms of cone density ratios.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Sources. 651/2: 0"
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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath e Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), gennaio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
2
Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes e Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
3
Farahbod, A. M., e J. F. Cassidy. An overview of seismic attenuation in the Northern Appalachians Seismic Zone, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329702.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this study we investigated coda-wave attenuation (QC) from the northern Appalachian region of eastern Canada in the two provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. We used earthquake recordings from 8 broadband and 2 short period seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 476 earthquakes recorded between 1983 and 2021 with magnitudes ranging from 1.5 to 4.1, depths from 0 to 20 km (with the vast majority being &lt;10 km) and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 261 high signalto- noise (S/N) traces (S/N greater than or equal to 5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that in the northern New Brunswick, the lowest Q0 values (e.g., Q0 of 61) are at station KLN which is the closest station to the epicenter of the 1982 Miramichi earthquake (M 5.8). The highest Q0 values that we find (e.g., Q0 of 178) are at station GGN, located in the southern New Brunswick. Smaller Q0 values for stations in the north (closer to the Charlevoix-Kamouraska seismic zone or Miramichi source area) is explained by Jin and Aki's (1988) finding that Q0 is lower in the vicinity of large earthquakes. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 99f0.96 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.
4
Zilberman, Mark. An Adjustment of the Apparent Luminosity of Standard Candles for the 'De-boosting' Effect. Intellectual Archive, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2639.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“De-boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of radiation sources with the non-zero redshift parameter z. It exists in both Special Relativity and General Relativity frameworks and is proportional to (z+1)^(-2). While the “boosting” (for blueshift) and “de-boosting” (for redshift) of light sources has been successfully accounted for and observed in research of various astronomical objects, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment appears necessary for “de-boosting” for high z, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard candles appear dimmer, not because of “de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard candles ladder at cosmological distances. The “de-boosting” correction of the apparent luminosities of SNIa places the effective rest-frame magnitudes below the curve corresponding to the cosmological model with the parameters Λ=0 and (ΩM, ΩΛ) = (2, 0) on the Hubble diagram. This way, the “de-boosting” correction of the apparent luminosities of SNIa may further adjust and clarify cosmological models.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara e Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
6
Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Christina Bougatsos, Tracy Dana, Rongwei Fu e Terran Gilbreath. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2023 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and other plant-based compounds to treat sub-acute and chronic pain in adults and adolescents using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; and reference lists of included studies were searched to April 23, 2023. Review methods. An updated protocol with expanded inclusion criteria (addition of sub-acute [4 to 12 weeks’ duration] pain and adolescents) was posted on the PROSPERO registry. We grouped studies based on their THC to CBD ratio and by product type, i.e. whole-plant (extracted or purified), or synthetic. We conducted random effects meta-analyses and categorized magnitude of benefit (large, moderate, small, or no effect [less than small]). Results. Two new RCTs (n=115 and 15) and two new observational studies (N=2,071) were added for this annual update; no study addressed subacute pain or adolescents. One new RCT compared high and low THC to CBD ratio products versus placebo; the other new RCT evaluated was very small and had methodological limitations. Since the inception of this living review, from 5,228 total abstracts identified, 23 RCTs (N=2,035) and 10 observational studies (N=15,840) assessing different cannabinoids were included; no study evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 58 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. Strength of evidence was low, unless indicated otherwise. Compared with placebo, plant-extracted, comparable ratio THC to CBD oral spray was associated with a small decrease in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%; SOE: moderate) versus placebo. There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic high-THC to CBD ratio products were associated with a small improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in risk of nausea following the addition of one new RCT (pain: 7 RCTs, N=448, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.95, 95% CI −1.81 to −0.25, I2=60%; sedation: 4 RCTs, N=386, 19% vs. 12%, RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.95, I2=8%; nausea: 3 RCTs, N=353, 11.1% vs. 5.2%, RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.90 to 5.05; I²=0%). There was also moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (3 RCTs, N=353, 29% vs. 11%, RR 2.52, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.82, I2=41%). Extracted whole-plant high-THC to CBD ratio products (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, viii 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD products (2 new RCTs), other cannabinoids, comparisons with active non-cannabis treatments or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids also remained insufficient. Evidence was not available on important harms such as psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products versus placebo during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months) in adults with chronic pain. Evidence for low-THC to CBD ratio products, whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions.
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Paule, Bernard, Flourentzos Flourentzou, Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE, Julien BOUTILLIER e Nicolo Ferrari. PRELUDE Roadmap for Building Renovation: set of rules for renovation actions to optimize building energy performance. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541614638.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the context of climate change and the environmental and energy constraints we face, it is essential to develop methods to encourage the implementation of efficient solutions for building renovation. One of the objectives of the European PRELUDE project [1] is to develop a "Building Renovation Roadmap"(BRR) aimed at facilitating decision-making to foster the most efficient refurbishment actions, the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of renewable energy sources in the renovation process of existing buildings. In this context, Estia is working on the development of inference rules that will make it possible. On the basis of a diagnosis such as the Energy Performance Certificate, it will help establishing a list of priority actions. The dynamics that drive this project permit to decrease the subjectivity of a human decisions making scheme. While simulation generates digital technical data, interpretation requires the translation of this data into natural language. The purpose is to automate the translation of the results to provide advice and facilitate decision-making. In medicine, the diagnostic phase is a process by which a disease is identified by its symptoms. Similarly, the idea of the process is to target the faulty elements potentially responsible for poor performance and to propose remedial solutions. The system is based on the development of fuzzy logic rules [2],[3]. This choice was made to be able to manipulate notions of membership with truth levels between 0 and 1, and to deliver messages in a linguistic form, understandable by non-specialist users. For example, if performance is low and parameter x is unfavourable, the algorithm can gives an incentive to improve the parameter such as: "you COULD, SHOULD or MUST change parameter x". Regarding energy performance analysis, the following domains are addressed: heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting. Regarding the parameters, the analysis covers the following topics: Characteristics of the building envelope. and of the technical installations (heat production-distribution, ventilation system, electric lighting, etc.). This paper describes the methodology used, lists the fields studied and outlines the expected outcomes of the project.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.