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Tesi sul tema "Sound zone"
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1
Olik, Marek. "Personal sound zone reproduction with room reflections". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807178/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Loudspeaker-based sound systems, capable of a convincing reproduction of different audio streams to listeners in the same acoustic enclosure, are a convenient alternative to headphones. Such systems aim to generate "sound zones" in which target sound programmes are to be reproduced with minimum interference from any alternative programmes. This can be achieved with appropriate filtering of the source (loudspeaker) signals, so that the target sound's energy is directed to the chosen zone while being attenuated elsewhere. The existing methods are unable to produce the required sound energy ratio (acoustic contrast) between the zones with a small number of sources when strong room reflections are present. Optimization of parameters is therefore required for systems with practical limitations to improve their performance in reflective acoustic environments. One important parameter is positioning of sources with respect to the zones and room boundaries. The first contribution of this thesis is a comparison of the key sound zoning methods implemented on compact and distributed geometrical source arrangements. The study presents previously unpublished detailed evaluation and ranking of such arrangements for systems with a limited number of sources in a reflective acoustic environment similar to a domestic room. Motivated by the requirement to investigate the relationship between source positioning and performance in detail, the central contribution of this thesis is a study on optimizing source arrangements when strong individual room reflections occur. Small sound zone systems are studied analytically and numerically to reveal relationships between the geometry of source arrays and performance in terms of acoustic contrast and array effort (related to system efficiency). Three novel source position optimization techniques are proposed to increase the contrast, and geometrical means of reducing the effort are determined. Contrary to previously published case studies, this work presents a systematic examination of the key problem of first order reflections and proposes general optimization techniques, thus forming an important contribution. The remaining contribution considers evaluation and comparison of the proposed techniques with two alternative approaches to sound zone generation under reflective conditions: acoustic contrast control (ACC) combined with anechoic source optimization and sound power minimization (SPM). The study provides a ranking of the examined approaches which could serve as a guideline for method selection for rooms with strong individual reflections.
2
Coleman, Philip. "Loudspeaker array processing for personal sound zone reproduction". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/805527/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sound zone reproduction facilitates listeners wishing to consume personal audio content within the same acoustic enclosure by filtering loudspeaker signals to create constructive and destructive interference in different spatial regions. Published solutions to the sound zone problem are derived from areas such as sound field synthesis and beamforming. The first contribution of this thesis is a comparative study of multi-point approaches. A new metric of planarity is adopted to analyse the spatial distribution of energy in the target zone, and the well-established metrics of acoustic contrast and control effort are also used. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. Energy cancellation produces good acoustic contrast but allows very little control over the target sound field; synthesis-derived approaches precisely control the target sound field but produce less contrast. Motivated by the limitations of the existing optimization methods, the central contribution of this thesis is a proposed optimization cost function ‘planarity control’, which maximizes the acoustic contrast between the zones while controlling sound field planarity by projecting the target zone energy into a spatial domain. Planarity control is shown to achieve good contrast and high target zone planarity over a large frequency range. The method also has potential for reproducing stereophonic material in the context of sound zones. The remaining contributions consider two further practical concerns. First, judicious choice of the regularization parameter is shown to have a significant effect on the contrast, effort and robustness. Second, attention is given to the problem of optimally positioning the loudspeakers via a numerical framework and objective function. The simulation and experimental results presented in this thesis represent a significant addition to the literature and will influence the future choices of control methods, regularization and loudspeaker placement for personal audio. Future systems may incorporate 3D rendering and listener tracking.
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Francombe, J. "Perceptual evaluation of audio-on-audio interference in a personal sound zone system". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/806072/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There are many situations in which two or more audio programmes may be replayed in the same acoustic space. Such situations can either occur naturally or be deliberately engendered, for example in a system designed to produce personal sound zones. In order to improve the experience of a listener in the presence of an audio interferer, it is desirable to model the relationship between listener experience and physical parameters of the situation. Such a model could be used to optimise audio-on-audio interference situations in a perceptually relevant manner. The first stage of this research involved determination of attributes of the perceptual experience of a listener in an audio-on-audio interference situation. Attributes used in similar research areas were reviewed and an elicitation experiment–combining aspects of individual and group direct elicitation methods preceding a rating experiment–was performed. 'Distraction' was found to be the most relevant attribute for describing the experience of a listener in an audio-on-audio interference situation. The next stage of the research consisted of determining relevant physical parameters and producing a model of distraction. An experiment was performed in which distraction ratings were collected for one hundred randomly created audio-on-audio interference stimuli. Physical parameters were determined following a verbal protocol analysis performed on written descriptions of reasons for the perceived distraction; the resultant categories were used to suggest appropriate features. A linear regression procedure was used to determine the relationship between the features and distraction scores. The selected features were: overall loudness; loudness-based target-to-interferer ratio (TIR); perceptual evaluation of audio source separation (PEASS) toolbox interference-related perceptual score (IPS); level range in the high frequency bands of the interferer; and percentage of temporal windows with low TIR. The resultant model was found to fit well to the training and validation data sets with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of approximately 10%.
4
Roussel, Georges. "Contributions à la mise au point de méthodes adaptatives de reproduction de champs sonores multi-zone pour les auditeurs en mouvement : Sound zones pour auditeurs en mouvement". Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1018/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le nombre croissant d'appareils de diffusion de contenus audio pose le problème de partager le même espace physique sans partager lemême espace sonore. Les Sound Zones rendent possible la reproduction de programmes audio indépendants et spatialement séparés, àpartir d'un ensemble de haut-parleurs et de méthodes de reproduction de champs sonores. Le problème est alors décomposé en deuxzones : la Bright zone, où le contenu doit être reproduit et la Dark zone, où il doit être annulé. De nombreuses méthodes existent pourrésoudre ce problème, mais la plupart ne traite que le cas d'auditeurs en position statique. Elles s'appuient sur la résolution directe desméthodes d'optimisation adaptative, telle que la méthode de Pressure Matching (PM). Or, pour des utilisateurs en mouvement, cesméthodes ont un coût de calcul trop élevé, rendant impossible leur application à un problème dynamique. Le but de cette thèse est dedévelopper une solution présentant une complexité compatible avec un contrôle dynamique des Sound Zones, tout en conservant lesperformances des méthodes conventionnelles. Sous l'hypothèse que les déplacements sont lents, une résolution itérative du problème PMest proposée et évaluée. Les algorithmes LMS, NLMS et APA sont comparés sur la base de simulations en champ libre. La méthode LMSs'avère la plus avantageuse en termes de complexité, mais elle souffre d'une erreur de reproduction. Un effet mémoire limitant la réactivitédes algorithmes est aussi mis en évidence. Il est corrigé en implémentant une variante introduisant un facteur d'oubli (Variable LeakyLMS ou VLLMS)The growing number of audio devices raises the problem of sharing the same physical space without sharing the same sound space. SoundZones make it possible to play independent and spatially separated audio programs by loudspeaker array in combination with sound fieldreproduction methods. The problem is then split into two zones: the Bright zone, where the audio content must be reproduced and theDark zone, where it must be cancelled. There are many methods available to solve this problem, but most only deal with auditors in astatic position. They are based on the direct resolution of adaptive optimization methods, such as the Pressure Matching (PM) method.However, for moving users, these methods have a too high computation cost, making it impossible to apply them to a dynamic problem.The aim of this thesis is to develop a solution offering a level of complexity compatible with a dynamic control of Sound Zones, whilemaintening the performance of conventional methods. Under the assumption that displacements are slow, an iterative resolution of the PMproblem is proposed and assessed. The LMS, NLMS and APA algorithms are compared on the basis of free field simulations. The LMSmethod is the most advantageous in terms of complexity, but it suffers from a reproduction error. A memory effect limiting the reactivityof the algorithms is also highlighted. It is corrected by implementing a leaky variant (Variable Leaky LMS or VLLMS) introducing aforgetting factor
5
Marshall, Kingsley. "The Gulf War aesthetic? : certain tendencies in image, sound and the construction of space in 'Green Zone' and 'The Hurt Locker'". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67801/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis argues that the perception of realism and ‘truth’ within narrative feature films set within the Gulf War (1990-1991) and Iraq War (2003-2011) is bound up in other transmedia representations of these conflicts. I identify and define what I describe as the Gulf War Aesthetic, and argue that an understanding of the ‘real life’ of the war film genre through its telling in news reportage, documentary and combatant-originated footage serves as a gateway through which the genre of fictional feature films representing the conflicts and their aftermath is constructed. I argue that the complexity of the Iraq War, coupled with technological shifts in the acquisition and distribution of video and audio through online video-sharing platforms including YouTube, further advanced the Gulf War Aesthetic. I identify The Hurt Locker (Bigelow, 2009) and Green Zone (Greengrass, 2010) as helpful case studies to evidence these changes, and subject both to detailed analysis. I draw an alignment of the creative practice of film practitioners involved in the case studies with a detailed, intrasoundtrack analysis of the scenes they discuss. In The Hurt Locker, I demonstrate that this presents itself in an unusual unification of film sound with image, where sound recording and design, in addition to the deployment of music, operate to communicate the components of a narrative specific to the story of bomb disposal. I contrast this with Green Zone, where I argue that the Gulf War Aesthetic is limited by the deployment of more conventional characteristics of the war film genre. This analysis reveals that transmedia contexts of production are operating and how new aesthetics are being reified and codified in cinema. I evaluate the subsequent impact of this outside the specific genre of the war film, particularly in terms of a shift in the way in which spectacle is presented.
6
PEPE, GIOVANNI. "Deep Optimization of Discrete Time Filters for Listening Experience Personalization". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/293461.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Questa tesi descrive lo studio di tecniche di Machine Learning per l'ottimizzazione di filtri digitali per l'Equalizzazione Audio Multipunto e la Personal Sound Zones (PSZ) all'interno di uno scenario automotive. L'Equalizzazione Audio Multipunto è un argomento che mira a migliorare la qualità audio in un sistema di altoparlanti utilizzando filtri digitali. La Personal Sound Zones è un task che permette la riproduzione dei suoni in diverse regioni contenute in un ambiente d'ascolto dove sono presenti più ascoltatori.
In questa tesi, è stato riportato uno stato dell'arte aggiornato sulla progettazione di filtri digitali, tecniche di Equalizzazione Audio Multipunto e di PSZ. In questa dissertazione, le tecniche di ottimizzazione basate sulle reti neurali, denominate Deep Optimization, hanno dimostrato di essere le più performanti tra i metodi proposti. L'approccio sfrutta le reti neurali per ottimizzare iterativamente i parametri dei filtri utilizzando la feed-forward e la backpropagation e aggiornando i pesi con un ottimizzatore. È stata analizzata una nuova architettura di ottimizzazione profonda, chiamata Bias Network (BiasNet), la quale utilizza i termini di bias come input e aggiorna i suoi pesi per ottenere i filtri ottimali.
Gli esperimenti per l'equalizzazione audio con filtri FIR sono stati eseguiti all'interno di vari scenari automotive, ottenendo risultati migliori rispetto alle tecniche presenti nello stato dell'arte. Altri esperimenti sono stati eseguiti con i filtri Parametrici IIR, ottenendo prestazioni migliori rispetto alle tecniche di progettazione dei filtri IIR e FIR. Infine, analizzando il costo computazionale, i filtri IIR Parametrici richiedono meno operazioni e meno memoria.
Infine, sono stati condotti esperimenti per progettare filtri FIR e IIR parametrici per PSZ, introducendo termini di regolarizzazione e penalità per eliminare gli artefatti generati dai filtri FIR. I risultati sono molto promettenti, ottenendo un alto contrasto acustico mantenendo una qualità del suono alta. I filtri IIR hanno ottenuto dei risultati comparabili con un costo computazionale inferiore rispetto ai filtri FIR.This thesis describes the study of Machine Learning techniques for the optimization of digital filters for Multipoint Audio Equalization and Personal Sound Zones (PSZ) in a car scenario. Multipoint Audio Equalization is a topic that aims to improve the audio quality in a loudspeaker system using digital filters. The Personal Sound Zones is a task that allows the reproduction of different sounds in several regions contained within a listening environment where multiple listeners are present. An up-to-date state of the art on digital filter design, Multipoint Audio Equalization and PSZ techniques have been reported in this thesis. Neural network-based optimization techniques, referred to as Deep Optimization, proved to be the best performing and the most analyzed methods within the proposed approaches. The technique exploits neural networks to iteratively optimize the filter parameters using the feed-forward and backpropagation, updating the weights with an optimizer. A new Deep Optimization architecture has been analyzed, called Bias Network (BiasNet), which uses the bias terms as input and updates its weights to obtain the optimal filters. Experiments for Multipoint Audio Equalization with FIR filters were performed within various automotive scenarios, achieving better results than the state-of-the-art techniques. Other experiments were carried out with Parametric IIR filters, achieving better performance than baseline IIR and FIR filter design methods. Furthermore, analyzing the computational cost, Parametric IIR filters require less operations and memory. Finally, experiments were conducted to design FIR and Parametric IIR filters for PSZ, introducing regularization and penalty terms to eliminate artefacts generated by FIR filters. The results are very promising, achieving a high acoustic contrast keeping high sound quality. IIR filters achieved comparable results with a lower computational cost than FIR filters.
7
Pages, Guilhem. "Zones d’écoute personnalisées mobiles par approches adaptatives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La thèse aborde la création de sound zones (zones d'écoute personnalisées) mobiles par des approches adaptatives. Les méthodes en usage pour la création de sound zones visent à résoudre conjointement la reproduction sonore dans une zone et la minimisation de l'énergie du signal reproduit dans l'autre zone, à partir d'un réseau de haut-parleurs. La thèse se divise en deux parties : l'estimation des réponses impulsionnelles et les sound zones mobiles. L'objectif de cette thèse est de créer deux zones de l'espace dont le champ acoustique est contrôlé, ces zones pouvant bouger dans l'espace au cours du temps. Dans la première partie, l'estimation des réponses impulsionnelles du système est détaillée, prérequis nécessaire pour les algorithmes de sound zones. A partir des méthodes adaptatives existantes pour l'estimation de systèmes multi-entrées multi-sorties variant dans le temps, une nouvelle méthode appliquée à l'acoustique et MISO est présentée. Cette méthode, appelée MISO-Autostep, permet d'estimer les réponses impulsionnelles au cours du temps sans avoir de paramètres à ajuster finement. Dans la seconde partie, l'algorithme de \sound zones BACC-PM est réécrit sous forme récursive. Cette capacité à mettre à jour les coefficients des filtres au cours du temps ouvre la voie à s'adapter à des changements temporels dans la géométrie du système. Enfin, des résultats préliminaires sont présentés avec l'utilisation conjointe des deux algorithmes adaptatifs dans le cas d'une modification brusque de la géométrie du systèmeThe thesis deals with the creation of mobile sound zones using adaptive approaches. The methods in use for the creation of sound zones aim to jointly resolve the sound reproduction in one zone and the minimisation of the energy of the signal reproduced in the other zone, from an array of loudspeakers. The thesis is divided into two parts: the estimation of impulse responses and moving sound zones. The aim of this thesis is to create two zones in space with a controlled sound field, which can move in space over time. In the first part, the estimation of the system's impulse responses is detailed, a necessary prerequisite for sound zone algorithms. Based on existing adaptive methods for estimating time-varying multi-input, multi-output systems, a new method applied to acoustics and MISO is presented. This method, called MISO-Autostep, makes it possible to estimate impulse responses over time without having to fine-tune any parameters. In the second part, the BACC-PM sound zone algorithm is rewritten in recursive form. This ability to update the filter coefficients over time opens up the possibility of adapting to temporal changes in the system geometry. Finally, preliminary results are presented with the joint use of the two adaptive algorithms in the case of an abrupt change in the system geometry
8
Kalužová, Adéla. "Vliv terapeutického ultrazvukového pole a metalických nanočástic na nádorové buňky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220854.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on the research of an effect of ultrasound and nanoparticles on cancer cells. In the literature search there the applications of ultrasound field in the interaction with aplication of metallic nanoparticles to viability of cancer cells are described, on the basis of in vitro experiments‘ performance. The purpose of metallic nanoparticles‘ application should be a possible reinforcing of its antitumor effect thanks to the presence of ultrasound field. In next part of the literature search there are included the technical performance of devices, their indications and contraindications, parameters of ultrasound fields and application of metallic nanoparticles. The metallic nanoparticles have been becoming a part of the human’s life more and more, that is why it’s necessary to deal with these miniature particles at a higher level. The aim of this thesis is to suggest the ways of resolution based on the principle of sounding of cells with the ultrasound field of suitable parameters and in combination with the application of metallic nanoparticles with a successive performance of the cell viability tests. The viability was determinated by the MTT assay test. Another part of this work is the measurement of parameters of this zone by means of a submersible needle hydrophone, for a better understanding of the ultrasonic zone. In the final part of this work there is necessary the statistical evaluation of the measured data of the experiments carried out and the discussion of the results obtained.
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Rutger, Kastby Claes. "Active control for adaptive sound zones in passenger train compartments". Thesis, KTH, Farkost och flyg, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143502.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The acoustics in train compartments is an important part of the comfort when travelling. To improve the acoustics, active noise control (ANC) can be used to create local quiet zones at the passenger ear position. In this thesis the fundamental ANC theory is explained and the possibilities and limitations with the technique are identified. An ANC system which uses the virtual microphone technique is implemented and quiet zones are realized at a chair in a train compartment studio. The performance of the ANC system is evaluated with a Styrofoam head model with built in microphones that is used to produce contour plots of the quiet zone shape and attenuation level. The results show that the 10 dB quiet zone is relatively large covering more than a square decimeter in low frequencies and decreases with frequency. Head movements effects are also evaluated and the results show that the system is very sensitive to head movements, especially in higher frequencies. In order to find an optimal positioning of the system components, several experiments have been made. From these it is concluded that varying noise incidence is problematic to some extent. Ways of handling the problems are presented and if the problems were properly dealt with ANC could be an effective way of reducing noise in passenger train compartments.
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Rusina, Michal. "Stanovení vlastností ultrazvukových sond". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221368.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This master thesis deals with the measurement properties of ultrasound probes. Ultrasound probes and their parameters significantly affect the quality of the final image. Values of pa-rameters of the probes may change due to their use, because probes may be damaged and the final image may no longer be correct. For these reasons the measurements of parameters of probes are very important. In this master thesis there are described and implemented the possibility of measuring the spatial resolution, focal zone, the sensitivity of the probe and measuring the length of the dead zone. Two ultrasonic phantoms were used for measuring. In the practical part there was created the program called Mereni_parametru, which allows to determine the value of four parameters from captured images of the phantom. Further, there are listed and described measured values for five ultrasonic probes. Results for two of these probes are then compared with the parameters given by the manufacturers.
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Wright, Mark. "Contact zones and elsewhere fields : the poetics and politics of environmental sound arts". Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8662/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How is agency distributed “in the field” and how can the practice of field recording critically manifest the relationship between humans and non-humans? This thesis posits an original art practice of field recording based on a perspective I am calling “Inter-agential”. Employing the self-reflexive anthropological turn of the 1970’s as parallel critique throughout, I argue environmental sound art has ignored the politics of observer-subject relations and instead engaged place and sound through divisive legacies of conservation and composition. I propose a hybrid conceptual framework from contemporary sound and anthropological studies that foregrounds issues relating to ethics, agency and representation. These subjects are examined in practice by converting “the field” into a collaborative and contested arena for intervention and performance. The result is a unique and formally diverse body of work that seeks to actively disrupt, critique and re-imagine the ontological foundations of field recording through an original and politicised aesthetics. All practice-based experimentation has been conducted in one fixed location along the North-East Coast of England called South Gare. It is an industrial and ecologically embroiled site, both in terms of its history and present day impact. I situate this site-specific setting through artistic legacies found in Land Art. This context helps to re-imagine modes of documentation, production and subjectivity within field recording and builds a nuanced understanding of the field in relation to the representation of place and sonic experience.
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Baykaner, K. "Predicting the perceptual acceptability of auditory interference for the optimisation of sound zones". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/806090/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work is part of the Perceptually Optimised Sound Zone project (posz.org) which aims to develop sound zoning systems which reproduce audio programmes to multiple listening zones within automotive and domestic environments. This work describes the construction of a model to evaluate sound zoning systems. A framework for evaluating auditory interference scenarios is described in which either the target or interferer programme is masked, or where both programmes are audible and the listening scenario has some degree of acceptability. Masking and acceptability experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the two, and to determine boundaries of audibility. A linear correlation was found between masking and acceptability, and a linear regression model was constructed to predict thresholds of acceptability from masking thresholds. A masking threshold model was adapted and predictions were within 3 dB of the reported mean masking thresholds. Predictions of acceptability, using a linear regression and masking model combination, accounted for three quarters of the variance in acceptability. Further work focused on speech target programmes based on listener comments that the presence of speech affected acceptability. An experiment was conducted to gather intelligibility and acceptability data. Results showed that a high speech intelligibility marked the lower boundary of acceptability. Existing models for intelligibility prediction were evaluated and a time-windowed speech intelligibility index was shown to predict intelligibility with RMSE = 10.8%. Subsequently, a model was constructed to predict acceptability within these boundaries. Two experiments were conducted gathering training and validation data, and a training and selection procedure was carried out to methodically identify the most useful features. The selected model predictions had acceptability scores of RMSE = 11.1 - 17.9% across training and validation data. Finally, an algorithm was proposed for the prediction of acceptability in auditory interference scenarios. The algorithm consists of first predicting masking thresholds to determine the boundaries of acceptability. Then, for non-speech target programmes, the acceptability is predicted using a linear regression to the masking threshold; for speech target programmes, the intelligibility is calculated to revise the lower acceptability boundary and the speech acceptability model is used to predict acceptability.
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Sanalatii, Maryna. "Synthèse d'un champ acoustique avec contraste spatial élevé". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1005/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est la conception d'un système de haut-parleurs transportable, capable de générer un champ sonore prédéfini et focalisé avec un contraste spatial élevé. Ce système doit permettre à terme d'effectuer différents types d'études, par exemple des essais de transparence acoustique ou encore des essais vibratoires en conditions non-anéchoïques. La minimisation du nombre de canaux à piloter ainsi que du nombre des transducteurs est l'un des enjeux principaux du travail. Le choix du nombre de sources et la sélection de leurs positions optimales afin de générer un champ acoustique cible n'a pas de solution triviale. Pour répondre à cette question, la méthode proposée se base sur la décomposition du rayonnement d’une source en série de fonctions orthogonales indépendantes (les"modes de rayonnement"), construits numériquement via une décomposition en valeurs singulières de la matrice d'impédance. En filtrant les termes évanescents, le champ lointain peut être reconstruit à l'aide d'un faible nombre de termes. De plus, la méthode permet d'estimer une distribution de débit efficace pour générer le champ cible. La méthode proposée étant relativement peu étudiée dans la littérature, la première partie de la thèse a été consacrée au problème de la validation expérimentale de la méthode directe et à l'étude des principaux paramètres en influençant le résultat. La problématique du positionnement des sources permettant de synthétiser un champ sonore prédéfini et focalisé est abordée dans la deuxième partie du travailThe goal of this thesis is the design of a transportable speaker system, able to generate a predefined and focused sound field with a high spatial contrast. This system has eventually to allow carrying out different types of studies, for example acoustic transmission loss tests or vibration tests in non-anechoic conditions. The minimization of the number of driven channels and the number of transducers is one of the main goals of the work. The choice of the number of sources and the selection of their optimal positions in order to generate a target acoustic field has no trivial solution. To answer this question, the proposed method is based on the decomposition of the source radiation into a series of independent orthogonal functions (the "radiation modes"), constructed numerically via a singular value decomposition of the impedance matrix. By filtering the evanescent terms, the far field can be reconstructed using a small number of terms. In addition, the method allows the estimation of an efficient flow distribution to generate the target field. With the proposed method having been scarcely studied in the literature, the first part of the thesis is devoted to the problem of the experimental validation of the direct method and the study of the main parameters that are influencing the result. The problem of sources positioning in order to synthesize a predefined and focused sound field is discussed in the second part of the thesis
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Auger, Fernand. "Altération des roches sous influence marine, dégradation des pierres en oeuvre, simulation accélérée en laboratoire". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Etude des facteurs de degradation des batiments et ouvrages anciens en pierre calcaire sous influence marine le long de la facade littorale atlantique francaise, en examinant deux situations : zone de marnage, et milieu aerien. Datation des ouvrages et localisation de la provenance des materiaux (carrieres a ciel ouvert et souterraines). Essais divers sur echantillons provenant des carrieres et d'une digue ancienne soumise au marnage, ainsi que de divers batiments historiques en refection (carottage, essais physiques et mecaniques, technique particuliere de mesure de la vitesse du son dans les carottes). Developpement d'un appareil pour la simulation acceleree de l'alteration aerienne, reproduisant les phenomenes naturels observe sur les monuments et sur les falaises naturelles
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Keller, Michael J. "Variation in call structure of the gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor : direct effects of polyploidy and biogeographic patterns /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988675.
Testo completo
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Wennström, Viktor, e Andreas Rehn. "Innovation genom metoden Design Thinking - Nya sätt att läsa : En utvärderande studie av Läspodden från ZON 164". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277938.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Del 1 På uppdrag av Stockholms stads kulturförvaltning och Kista bibliotek har vi arbetat fram nya lösningar för att engagera unga killar i Kista i bibliotekets verksamhet. Målgruppen unga killar mellan 13-19 år valdes då denna grupp i stor utsträckning saknas på biblioteket idag. Genom fokusgrupper och samtal med ungdomarna har vi fått insikter om deras önskemål. Dessa insikter har bearbetats och lett fram till fyra olika koncept. Vi valde att arbeta vidare med två koncept som vidareutvecklades till konceptet Zon 164. Där ingår vår innovation Läspodden som förhöjer läsupplevelsen och utställningen arketyper. Båda är framtagna lösningar som möter ungdomarnas behov av förebilder, att ha en plats att vara på, att känna gemenskap samt att ha roligt med sina vänner. Genom konceptet Zon 164 hoppas vi att Kista bibliotek kan utmana föreställningen om vad läsning samt biblioteksverksamhet är och bli en plats där unga killar i större utsträckning känner sig delaktiga. Del 2 För att fortsätta arbetet med Läspodden utfördes en mer djupgående analys i syfte att undersöka huruvida Läspoddens egenskaper faktiskt förhöjde läsupplevelsen eller inte samt huruvida Läspodden främjade återgivning av information. Två separata studier, kvantitativa och kvalitativa, utfördes på två grupper om 33 och 10 personer. Resultaten från den första undersökningen visar på att användande av Läspodden upplevs som positiv och att läsupplevelsen ansågs bli förhöjd. Resultaten från den andra undersökningen visade ett svagt positivt samband mellan användning av Läspodden och informationsåtervinning, men inga slutsatser kring kausalitet kan dras.Part 1 On behalf of the Stockholm City Cultural Administration and Kista Library, we have worked out new solutions to engage young guys in Kista in the library's daily activities. The target group of young guys between the ages of 13-19 was chosen as this group is mainly missing from the library today. Through focus groups and conversations with young people, we have gained insight into their wishes. These insights have been processed and led to four different concepts. We chose to work on two concepts that were further developed into the concept Zone 164. This includes our innovation, the reading pod, which enhances the reading experience and the exhibition archetypes. Both are developed solutions that meet young people's need for role models, to have a place to be, to feel community, and to have fun with their friends. Through the Zone 164 concept, we hope that Kista Library can challenge the notion of what reading and library activities are and become a place where young guys can feel more involved. Part 2 In order to continue the work with the reading pod, a more in-depth analysis was carried out to investigate whether the properties of the reading pod enhanced the reading experience or not and whether the reading pod promoted the reproduction of information. Two separate studies, quantitative and qualitative, were conducted on two groups of 33 and 10 persons. The results of the first study show that the use of the reading pod is perceived as positive and that the reading experience was considered to be enhanced. The results of the second study showed a weak positive relationship between the use of the reading pod and information retrieval, but no conclusions about causality can be drawn.
17
Rehn, Andreas, e Viktor Wennström. "Nya sätt att läsa - Innovation genom metoden Design Thinking : En utvärderande studie av läspodden från Zon 164". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277939.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Del 1 På uppdrag av Stockholms stads kulturförvaltning och Kista bibliotek har vi arbetat fram nya lösningar för att engagera unga killar i Kista i bibliotekets verksamhet. Målgruppen unga killar mellan 13-19 år valdes då denna grupp i stor utsträckning saknas på biblioteket idag. Genom fokusgrupper och samtal med ungdomarna har vi fått insikter om deras önskemål. Dessa insikter har bearbetats och lett fram till fyra olika koncept. Vi valde att arbeta vidare med två koncept som vidareutvecklades till konceptet Zon 164. Där ingår vår innovation läspodden som förhöjer läsupplevelsen och utställningen arketyper. Båda är framtagna lösningar som möter ungdomarnas behov av förebilder, att ha en plats att vara på, att känna gemenskap samt att ha roligt med sina vänner. Genom konceptet Zon 164 hoppas vi att Kista bibliotek kan utmana föreställningen om vad läsning samt biblioteksverksamhet är och bli en plats där unga killar i större utsträckning känner sig delaktiga. Del 2 För att fortsätta arbetet med läspodden utfördes en mer djupgående analys i syfte att undersöka huruvida läspoddens egenskaper faktiskt förhöjde läsupplevelsen eller inte samt huruvida läspodden främjade återgivning av information. Två separata studier, kvantitativa och kvalitativa, utfördes på två grupper om 33 och 10 personer. Resultaten från den första undersökningen visar på att användande av läspodden upplevs som positiv och att läsupplevelsen ansågs bli förhöjd. Resultaten från den andra undersökningen visade ett svagt positivt samband mellan användning av läspodden och informationsåtergivning, men inga slutsatser kring kausalitet kan dras.Part 1 On behalf of the Stockholm City Cultural Administration and Kista Library, we have worked out new solutions to engage young guys in Kista in the library's daily activities. The target group of young guys between the ages of 13-19 was chosen as this group is mainly missing from the library today. Through focus groups and conversations with young people, we have gained insight into their wishes. These insights have been processed and led to four different concepts. We chose to work on two concepts that were further developed into the concept Zone 164. This includes our innovation, the reading pod, which enhances the reading experience and the exhibition archetypes. Both are developed solutions that meet young people's need for role models, to have a place to be, to feel community, and to have fun with their friends. Through the Zone 164 concept, we hope that Kista Library can challenge the notion of what reading and library activities are and become a place where young guys can feel more involved. Part 2 In order to continue the work with the reading pod, a more in-depth analysis was carried out to investigate whether the properties of the reading pod enhanced the reading experience or not and whether the reading pod promoted the reproduction of information. Two separate studies, quantitative and qualitative, were conducted on two groups of 33 and 10 persons. The results of the first study show that the use of the reading pod is perceived as positive and that the reading experience was considered to be enhanced. The results of the second study showed a weak positive relationship between the use of the reading pod and information retrieval, but no conclusions about causality can be drawn.
18
Cartaya, Jorge E. "Listening/Reading for Disremembered Voices: Additive Archival Representation and the Zong Massacre of 1781". FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3187.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis grapples with questions surrounding representation, mourning, and responsibility in relation to two literary representations of the ZONG massacre of 1781. These texts are M. NourbeSe Philip’s ZONG! and Fred D’Aguiar’s FEEDING THE GHOSTS. The only extant archival document—a record of the insurance dispute which ensued as a consequence of the massacre—does not represent the drowned as victims, nor can it represent the magnitude of the atrocity. As such, this thesis posits that the archival gaps or silences from which the captives’ voices are missing become spaces of possibility for additive representation. This thesis also examines the role voice and sound play in these literary texts and the deconstructive-ethical philosophies of Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida. This thesis argues that these texts invoke the sonic materiality of voice in the service of responding to the disremembered dead through mourning and acknowledgment.
19
Saxby, Gillian Elizabeth. "The use of negotiation in coastal zone management : an analysis of the Fraser Estuary Management Program and the Puget Sound Water Quality Authority". Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2273.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As population pressures rise there are associated increases in development, resource use, competition and environmental threats. These increases, contribute to the intensification of conflict within the coastal zone. Dispute resolution techniques must be incorporated into the management of coastal resources. Negotiation use is one means of dispute resolution.
The goal of this thesis is to establish whether and how negotiation is used in coastal zone management. Two bodies of literature were reviewed. Literature on North American coastal zone management was examined to characterize management approaches with particular reference to the FREMP and the PSWQA. Literature on negotiation was reviewed to develop a framework for analyzing the use of negotiation in resolving coastal zone management conflicts.
The FREMP and PSWQA provide two case studies for examining the use of negotiation in resolving coastal zone management conflicts. In each case, two comparable decision-making bodies were examined: the FREMP Management Committee Executive (MCE) and the Standing Committee on the Water Quality Plan (WQSC) and the PSWQA Authority Board (AB) and Point Source Committee (PSC). Data on the use of negotiation were collected by telephone interviews with people involved in each of the four decision-making processes.
The management areas of the Fraser River Estuary and the Puget Sound are comparable in that both are located in the Pacific Northwest of North America with similar climates and natural resources, and are experiencing growing population and development pressures. The management processes differ in the scale of areas covered (estuary versus basin), the size of the populations (the Fraser Estuary is half the population of Puget Sound) and the approach to coastal zone management (coordinator versus player; smaller versus larger budgets; lesser versus greater public involvement).
There is no use of "explicit" negotiation in the four decision-making processes examined in the case studies. “Explicit" negotiation use is identified when there is explicit expression of the use of negotiation in the decision-making. "Implicit" negotiation is identified when people make trade-offs to adopt an agreement without explicitly expressing they are doing so (Dorcey and Riek, 1987), and is routinely used in all four decision-making situations.
There is no use of any outside third party assistance such as mediators or facilitators in the negotiations; however, the FREMP Programs Coordinator facilitates the MCE negotiations and the PSWQA AB chair mediates the Board meetings. The implicit negotiations of the FREMP and the PSWQA exhibited a high degree of "structure" with the greatest extent in the PSWQA. "Structured" negotiations are identified as negotiations that actively seek to reach agreement by incorporating structure into the decision-making process through: the utilization of preparatory techniques, opportunity for the representation of affected interests, the utilization of explicit agreement criteria, some means to commit to the agreed-upon actions.
Future coastal zone management should recognize the “implicit" use of negotiation since it is used so extensively within coastal zone management and evaluate the contribution of "implicit" negotiation in coastal zone management. Finally, consideration must be given to making the use of negotiation in coastal zone management "explicit" so that means are actively sought to resolve coastal resource use conflicts.
20
Ryu, Jongseong. "Comparing expert preferences across two-large scale coastal management programs in Puget Sound (USA) and Masan Bay (South Korea) : implications for resilience /". Thesis, 2009. http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/washu/washuy09002.pdf.
Testo completo
21
Belanger, Kevin Karl. "New observations of relative sea level from the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone: Cordilleran ice sheet history and mantle rheology". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4558.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
New relative sea-level (RSL) observations dating from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, during and after the collapse of the Cordilleran ice-sheet (CIS), are provided for two regions in southern coastal British Columbia. They record the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) response of the Earth to the changing surface load of the waning CIS. The data provide a new RSL curve for Sechelt, on the mainland coast north of Vancouver, and extend and revise a previously constructed curve for Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island. The observations create a new profile of RSL curves oriented southwest-northeast across Vancouver Island and the Strait of Georgia. A previously-defined profile of RSL curves is oriented northwest-southeast profile along the east coast of Vancouver Island. The two profiles intersect in the central Strait of Georgia.
The new RSL curves sample different parts of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) and provide constraints on the history of the CIS. The Juan de Fuca plate subducts beneath the North American plate in roughly the same southwest to northeast direction as the RSL profile. GIA modelling of the RSL observations along this profile may indicate spatial variations related to the structure of the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). The CIS flowed roughly from northeast to southwest over the regions of interest. RSL observations along this path indicate how sea-level change differed with distance from the edge of the ice-sheet towards its centre.
The CIS model of James et al. (2009b) is refined to fit observed sea levels while applying glacial geological constraints to regional ice sheet advance and retreat. Sea level in Barkley Sound dropped from greater than 27 m elevation before 15 cal kyr BP to -46 m below present around 12 cal kyr BP. At Sechelt, sea level closely follows the same trend as in the central Strait of Georgia, dropping from over 150 m before 14 cal kyr BP and falling past present levels after 12.4 cal kyr BP to a poorly constrained lowstand between 12 and 9 cal kyr BP.
The initial crustal uplift rate near Sechelt was at least 85 mm/yr, comparable to that of the central Strait of Georgia. The sea-level observations are best fit with predictions employing an Earth model with a 60-km effective lithosphere thickness and asthenospheric viscosity and thickness of 4 × 1019 Pa s and 380 km, respectively. The transition zone and lower mantle viscosities are based on the VM2 Earth model (Peltier 2002). Sea level in Barkley Sound fell quickly (15-30 mm/yr), and observed sea level is best fit with the same asthenospheric viscosity, but with a thinner 30-km thick lithosphere, consistent with the regional tectonic structure. Revisions to the ice model are consistent with radiocarbon constraints on ice sheet history and provide good agreement with the observed sea-level history for the study regions as well as RSL histories previously described for the Strait of Georgia and southern Vancouver Island.Graduate
0372
22
Krishna, Kumar G. V. "Characterization of Flow Induced Noise Received by an Array Placed at Stagnation Point of an Underwater Axisymmetric Body". Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3799.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Given the interest on underwater axisymmetric cylindrical bodies for the development of high-speed underwater weapons, characterization of the boundary layer flow-induced noise received by a Sound NAvigation and Ranging (SONAR) is very important to improve sonar detection ranges. The debate on generating mechanisms of the flow induced noise received at the stagnation point is still on as there is no experimental evidence conclusively suggesting whether it is a near-field or far-field phenomenon, thereby introducing an element of uncertainty in the prediction models. Further, the models developed thus far were based on low Reynolds numbers involving flows in water tunnels and buoyant vehicles. Therefore, the main focus of the thesis is to measure the flow induced noise using a sonar fitted at the most forward stagnation point of an underwater axisymmetric body as realistically as possible and predict the same theoretically for identifying a suitable flow noise model for future use by designers. In order to meet the stated goal, two exclusive experiments were conducted at sea using an underwater autonomous high-speed axisymmetric vehicle fitted with a planar hydrophone array (8X8) in its nose cone which measured the flow noise signature. Two different sets of existing models are used in characterizing the flow noise received by the array, while the first set comprises of models developed based on the Turbulent Boundary Layer induced noise and other is based on the transition zone radiated noise model. Through this study, it was found that the transition zone radiated noise model is in close agreement with the measured data.
23
Krishna, Kumar G. V. "Characterization of Flow Induced Noise Received by an Array Placed at Stagnation Point of an Underwater Axisymmetric Body". Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3799.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Given the interest on underwater axisymmetric cylindrical bodies for the development of high-speed underwater weapons, characterization of the boundary layer flow-induced noise received by a Sound NAvigation and Ranging (SONAR) is very important to improve sonar detection ranges. The debate on generating mechanisms of the flow induced noise received at the stagnation point is still on as there is no experimental evidence conclusively suggesting whether it is a near-field or far-field phenomenon, thereby introducing an element of uncertainty in the prediction models. Further, the models developed thus far were based on low Reynolds numbers involving flows in water tunnels and buoyant vehicles. Therefore, the main focus of the thesis is to measure the flow induced noise using a sonar fitted at the most forward stagnation point of an underwater axisymmetric body as realistically as possible and predict the same theoretically for identifying a suitable flow noise model for future use by designers. In order to meet the stated goal, two exclusive experiments were conducted at sea using an underwater autonomous high-speed axisymmetric vehicle fitted with a planar hydrophone array (8X8) in its nose cone which measured the flow noise signature. Two different sets of existing models are used in characterizing the flow noise received by the array, while the first set comprises of models developed based on the Turbulent Boundary Layer induced noise and other is based on the transition zone radiated noise model. Through this study, it was found that the transition zone radiated noise model is in close agreement with the measured data.
24
Hildebrandt, Mandy. "'The sight of sound': Gebärdensprachdolmetschen auf der lautsprachlichen Theaterbühne am Beispiel einer gedolmetschten Aufführung von 'My fair lady' am Hans Otto Theater Potsdam". 2015. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Während die Verdolmetschung lautsprachlicher Theateraufführungen in die Gebärdensprache in vielen Ländern selbstverständlich und regelmäßig angeboten wird, handelt es sich in Deutschland dabei noch um Einzelerscheinungen. Eine Ausnahme stellt das Hans Otto Theater Potsdam dar, das seit 1996 regelmäßig gedolmetschte Aufführungen anbietet und dabei die Methode des Shadow Interpreting nutzt. Am Beispiel einer gedolmetschten Aufführung von „My Fair Lady“ am Hans Otto Theater werden in dieser Arbeit folgende Aspekte der gebärdensprachlichen Verdolmetschung von Theateraufführungen untersucht: Stückauswahl, Dolmetscheranzahl und Rollenverteilung, Auswahl und Einführung von Namensgebärden der Figuren, Positionierung der Dolmetscher, Rollendarstellung und Rollenwechsel, Übertragung der akustischen Ebene des Aufführungstextes (linguistische und paralinguistische Informationen, Musik, Geräusche), äußere Erscheinung der Dolmetscher, Beleuchtung der Dolmetscher und die Inkorporation der Dolmetscher in die Aufgabe.
25
XIE, ZONG-HAN, e 謝宗翰. "Landscape inspired by sound localization — Study of Zong-Han Xie’s Art Works". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t3467z.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
美術學系
105
The idea of sound localization is to get familiar with new places through self-senses. While the author places himself in new environment, he tends to connect self-consciousness with past experiences. In advance, what he felt from his senses depicted the outline of scenery through imagination. Author strives to deal with anxiety and emotions which cause self-enclosure to consciousness when creating. In chapter 2, referencing studies of consciousness from phycology and phenomenology as theoretical fundamentals. In chapter 3, continuing on to author's creation through visualizing sound and space, Mainly depicting sound as three different parts, line, visual, space. Lastly, comparing works with the idea of " Karesansui ", and concept of space. Through demonstrating consciousness and further research, making it return to the original point of status. By doing so, it takes emotions which were sealed to a clear and objective outside world.
26
Zhang, Wen-Hao, e 張文豪. "A Study on Sound Absorption Characteristics of Perforated Mong-Zong Bamboo Composite Panel". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89413887395080151864.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中興大學
農村規劃研究所
96
Eco-awareness is growing up in these years around the world, and the perforated bamboo composite panel is a kind of the building materials that green. Because it is beautiful and natural, firm but portable, the prospect of the perforated bamboo composite panel is potentially. This study discusses all factors that can affect the sound absorption characteristics of perforated bamboo composite panel, including the perforation, backing materials, and air space. Besides, in order to upgrading the sense of beauty, and discusses the cover rate of faceplate which on the perforated panel, too. Afterward this study will try to figure out a suitable prediction formula for resonant frequencies of perforated bamboo composite panel to make the designer surveyed the resonant frequencies quickly and simply. There are some conclusions as follow: 1.In the same perforation, backing materials, and air space, the more faceplate covered rate(from 0% to 66%), the lower the resonant frequencies goes, and the vibrat absorption effect of faceplate make the sound absorption coefficient a little promotion. 2.In the same cover rate, backing materials, and air space,the more perforation is(form 7.9% to 14.8%),the higher the resonant frequency goes, and the high frequencies goes up, too. 3.When the perforated bamboo composite panel backing with Malamine foams, the sound absorption coefficient of whole frequencies is greater than the without one, and the resonant frequency goes lower slightly,too. 4.In the same cover rate, perforation, and backing materials, the larger the air space is(from 5cm to 10cm), the lower the resonant frequency goes,but there is no variation in high frequency(over 2000Hz).It showed that make the air space get larger would not weaken the sound absorption coefficient in high frequency, and also make the sound absorption coefficient in low frequency increasingly. This study have also found out a suitable prediction formula for resonant frequencies of perforated bamboo composite panel by multiple regression analysis, too.
27
Masamba, Magalie. "Establishing special economic zones in the Democratic Republic of Congo : in search of a sound legal framework". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43671.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The DRC has recently embarked on a new SEZ project. The country does not have a history of success with SEZs, however, much like other African countries. This paper investigates the past and current legal frameworks governing SEZs in the DRC, in an attempt to identify their weaknesses and strengths, with the ultimate goal of finding room for improvement and preventing the failures from the past from occurring again. Because the DRC cooperates closely with South Africa on SEZ regulation, the paper also delves into the South African experience, to see whether the DRC can already draw lessons from South Africa. The study then formulates a number of recommendations including that a new fiscal and non-fiscal incentive framework should be established.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014
gm2015
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
Unrestricted
28
Gallagher, Anne. "Nouvelles techniques d'investigation de la latéralisation du langage à l'aide de l'électrophysiologie et de l'imagerie optique". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6379.
Testo completo