Articoli di riviste: "Sonicate"

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Shen, Hao, Jin Tang, Qiaojie Wang, Yao Jiang e Xianlong Zhang. "Sonication of Explanted Prosthesis Combined with Incubation in BD Bactec Bottles for Pathogen-Based Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, n. 3 (17 dicembre 2014): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02863-14.

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Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but refractory complication of arthroplasty. Accurate identification of pathogens is a key step for successful treatment of PJI, which remains a challenge for clinicians and laboratory workers. We designed a combined culture method with sonication of implants and incubation in a BD Bactec system to improve the effectiveness of pathogen diagnosis in PJI. The aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of sonicate fluid cultures in the BD Bactec system and to compare the results with those of synovial fluid cultures in the BD Bactec system. The prosthetic components removed were sonicated in Ringer's solution, and then sonicate fluid was incubated in Bactec bottles for 5 days. Synovial fluid was incubated in Bactec bottles for 5 days as a control. Synovial fluid cultures with Bactec bottles and sonicate fluid cultures with Bactec bottles showed sensitivities of 64% and 88%, respectively (P= 0.009), with specificities of 98% and 87% (P= 0.032), respectively. Sonicate fluid cultures with Bactec bottles were more sensitive than synovial fluid cultures with Bactec bottles regardless of whether antimicrobial agents were used within 14 days before surgery (81% versus 52%;P= 0.031) or not (93% versus 72%;P= 0.031). Sonication of explanted prostheses followed by incubation of the resulting sonicate fluid in Bactec bottles detected many more pathogens than did synovial fluid cultures with Bactec bottles. This method is also effective in cases with antibiotic treatment before surgery.

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Balter-Seri, Judith, Yael Yuhas, Abraham Weizman, Yehuda Nofech-Mozes, Elizabeth Kaminsky e Shai Ashkenazi. "Role of Nitric Oxide in the Enhancement of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Caused by Shigella dysenteriae". Infection and Immunity 67, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1999): 6364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.12.6364-6368.1999.

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ABSTRACT Convulsions and encephalopathy are frequent complications of childhood shigellosis. We studied the role of nitric oxide (NO) inShigella-related seizures in an animal model. Pretreatment of mice with Shigella dysenteriae 60R sonicate elevated serum NO levels and enhanced the convulsive response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), as indicated by a higher mean convulsion score and a higher number of mice responding with seizures. Treatment of the mice with S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT), a potent inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (NOS), prevented the elevation of serum NO levels and concomitantly reduced the enhanced response to PTZ. The mean convulsion scores were 0.7, 0.7, 1.3, and 0.8 for mice treated with saline, saline and SMT, S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate, and S. dysenteriae60R sonicate with SMT, respectively (P = 0.001 for 60R sonicate versus saline and P = 0.013 for 60R sonicate versus 60R sonicate with SMT). The corresponding seizure rates were 40, 44, 75, and 47% for saline, saline with SMT, S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate, and S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate with SMT, respectively (P = 0.0004 for 60R sonicate versus saline and P = 0.005 for 60R sonicate versus 60R sonicate with SMT). In contrast, injection of N-nitro-l-arginine, a selective inhibitor of constitutive NOS, neither abolished the elevation of serum NO nor attenuated the enhancement of seizures. These findings indicate that NO, induced by S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate, is involved in enhancing the susceptibility to seizures caused by S. dysenteriae.

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Yakes, Betsy Jean, Robert J. Lipert, John P. Bannantine e Marc D. Porter. "Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by a Sonicate Immunoassay Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, n. 2 (12 dicembre 2007): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00334-07.

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ABSTRACT A sandwich immunoassay for the rapid, low-level detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been developed. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle, and one of the major obstacles in controlling the spread of this disease is the inability to rapidly detect small amounts of bacteria or other diagnostic markers shed during the subclinical stage of infection. This paper details the development and performance of an assay for sonicated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis lysate that is based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). There are two key components of the assay: (i) an immobilized layer of monoclonal antibodies that target a surface protein on the microorganism; and (ii) extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) that are designed to selectively bind to captured proteins and produce large SERS signals. By correlating the number of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli present prior to sonication to the amount of total protein in the resulting sonicate, the detection limit determined for total protein can be translated to the microorganism concentration. These findings yield detection limits of 100 and 200 ng/ml (estimated to be 500 and 1,000 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli/ml) for sonicate spiked in phosphate buffer and sonicate spiked in whole milk, respectively. Moreover, the time required to complete the assay, which includes sample preparation, antigen extraction, ERL incubation, and readout, is less than 24 h. The potential for incorporation of this novel assay into diagnostic laboratories is also briefly discussed.

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Pendergrass, J. H., A. C. Skjold, J. A. Cattell e L. R. Stover. "A control system for monitoring the performance of leukocyte strip tests." Clinical Chemistry 32, n. 7 (1 luglio 1986): 1400–1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.7.1400.

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Abstract The control system described here is used to monitor the performance of urinary reagent-strip tests for leukocytes. The presence of leukocyte esterase in the urine is used as a marker for leukocytes in urine. The control system is based on sonicated leukocytes, isolated from whole blood. The esterase activity of this sonicate is determined by spectrophotometry with the N-tosyl-L-alanine ester of 5-phenyl-3-hydroxypyrrole as substrate. The assay result is used to determine the amount of sonicate needed to prepare buffered esterase-containing solutions. Such control solutions mimic leukocytic urines and are stable for 6 h at room temperature. The variability of the control system was tested by preparing it five times in a day on five separate days. The overall CV for Leukostix Reagent Strips (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Inc.) when tested with these solutions and analyzed with a reflectance spectrophotometer was 8%; for visual readings it was 10%. The overall CV for Chemstrip LN Reagent Strips (Biodynamics, Indianapolis, IN) was 10%.

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Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Vladislav Temkin, Vivian Malamud, Sari Feld e Yael Zilberman. "Mast Cells Enhance Eosinophil Survival In Vitro: Role of TNF-α and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor". Journal of Immunology 160, n. 11 (1 giugno 1998): 5554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5554.

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Abstract Mast cell-eosinophil interactions in allergy have not yet been completely defined. To determine whether mast cells influence eosinophil survival, human peripheral blood eosinophils were incubated with rat peritoneal mast cell sonicate. After 3 days, viable eosinophils in medium were 21.3% compared with 44% with mast cell sonicate. Like sonicate, supernatants of compound 48/80-activated mast cells enhanced eosinophil survival, demonstrating that the factor(s) involved is stored preformed and rapidly released. Increased eosinophil survival was due to an inhibition of apoptosis (morphologic analysis; annexin V/PI). Neutralizing Abs to granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), but not to IL-3 or IL-5, decreased by 61.7% the enhancing effect on eosinophil viability. Eosinophils are the source of GM-CSF since its release in the culture medium was inhibited by their incubation with the mast cell sonicate together with dexamethasone. In addition, eosinophils incubated with the sonicate expressed mRNA for GM-CSF. To partially characterize the mast cell-derived factor(s) increasing eosinophil survival, the sonicate was heated (56°C/30 min or 100°C/10 min) or preincubated with antihistamines or with anti-TNF-α-neutralizing Abs. Most of the activity was heat labile. TNF-α was found to be predominantly (70%) responsible, while histamine had no role. Mast cell sonicate also caused eosinophils to release eosinophil peroxidase and to display morphologic signs of activation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that mast cells enhance eosinophil survival in part through their activation to produce and release the autocrine survival cytokine GM-CSF.

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Tunney, Michael M., Sheila Patrick, Martin D. Curran, Gordon Ramage, Donna Hanna, James R. Nixon, Sean P. Gorman, Richard I. Davis e Neil Anderson. "Detection of Prosthetic Hip Infection at Revision Arthroplasty by Immunofluorescence Microscopy and PCR Amplification of the Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, n. 10 (1999): 3281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3281-3290.1999.

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In this study the detection rates of bacterial infection of hip prostheses by culture and nonculture methods were compared for 120 patients with total hip revision surgery. By use of strict anaerobic bacteriological practice during the processing of samples and without enrichment, the incidence of infection by culture of material dislodged from retrieved prostheses after ultrasonication (sonicate) was 22%. Bacteria were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy in 63% of sonicate samples with a monoclonal antibody specific forPropionibacterium acnes and polyclonal antiserum specific for Staphylococcus spp. The bacteria were present either as single cells or in aggregates of up to 300 bacterial cells. These aggregates were not observed without sonication to dislodge the biofilm. Bacteria were observed in all of the culture-positive samples, and in some cases in which only one type of bacterium was identified by culture, both coccoid and coryneform bacteria were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Bacteria from skin-flake contamination were readily distinguishable from infecting bacteria by immunofluorescence microscopy. Examination of skin scrapings did not reveal large aggregates of bacteria but did reveal skin cells. These were not observed in the sonicates. Bacterial DNA was detected in 72% of sonicate samples by PCR amplification of a region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene with universal primers. All of the culture-positive samples were also positive for bacterial DNA. Evidence of high-level infiltration either of neutrophils or of lymphocytes or macrophages into associated tissue was observed in 73% of patients. Our results indicate that the incidence of prosthetic joint infection is grossly underestimated by current culture detection methods. It is therefore imperative that current clinical practice with regard to the detection and subsequent treatment of prosthetic joint infection be reassessed in the light of these results.

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Miljevic, B., F. Hedayat, S. Stevanovic, K. E. Fairfull-Smith, S. E. Bottle e Z. D. Ristovski. "To Sonicate or Not to Sonicate PM Filters: Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Upon Ultrasonic Irradiation". Aerosol Science and Technology 48, n. 12 (20 novembre 2014): 1276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2014.981330.

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Park, Kyung-Hwa, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Arlen D. Hanssen, Matthew P. Abdel e Robin Patel. "Antimicrobial-Loaded Bone Cement Does Not Negatively Influence Sonicate Fluid Culture Positivity for Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, n. 6 (30 marzo 2016): 1656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00516-16.

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We compared culture results to investigate the influence of antimicrobial-loaded cement on sonicate fluid culture positivity for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. Fifty-four subjects were assessed. The sensitivities of sonicate fluid culture were 77.8% (14 of 18) in subjects with an antimicrobial-loaded cemented prosthesis and 58.3% (21 of 36) in subjects with an antimicrobial-free prosthesis.

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Yan, Qun, Melissa J. Karau, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Douglas R. Osmon, Matthew P. Abdel e Robin Patel. "Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Periprosthetic Tissue Culture in Blood Culture Bottles to That of Prosthesis Sonication Fluid Culture for Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) by Use of Bayesian Latent Class Modeling and IDSA PJI Criteria for Classification". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 56, n. 6 (11 aprile 2018): e00319-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00319-18.

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ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that culturing periprosthetic tissue in blood culture bottles (BCBs) improves sensitivity compared to conventional agar and broth culture methods for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). We have also shown that prosthesis sonication culture improves sensitivity compared to periprosthetic tissue culture using conventional agar and broth methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of tissue culture in BCBs (subsequently referred to as tissue culture) to prosthesis sonication culture (subsequently referred to as sonicate fluid culture). We studied 229 subjects who underwent arthroplasty revision or resection surgery between March 2016 and October 2017 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Using the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) PJI diagnostic criteria (omitting culture criteria) as the gold standard, the sensitivity of tissue culture was similar to that of the sonicate fluid culture (66.4% versus 73.1%, P = 0.07) but was significantly lower than that of the two tests combined (66.4% versus 76.9%, P < 0.001). Using Bayesian latent class modeling, which assumes no gold standard for PJI diagnosis, the sensitivity of tissue culture was slightly lower than that of sonicate fluid culture (86.3% versus 88.7%) and much lower than that of the two tests combined (86.3% versus 99.1%). In conclusion, tissue culture in BCBs reached sensitivity similar to that of prosthesis sonicate fluid culture for diagnosis of PJI, but the two tests combined had the highest sensitivity without compromising specificity. The combination of tissue culture in BCBs and sonicate fluid culture is recommended to achieve the highest level of microbiological diagnosis of PJI.

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Jutila, Charlotte K., Mark A. Jutila, Richard E. Crowell, Thomas W. Chick, Dennis E. Van Epps e William P. Reed. "Neutrophil responses to intravascular pneumococcal sonicate". Inflammation 16, n. 2 (aprile 1992): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00918953.

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Phillips, R., C. Horsfield, S. Kuijper, S. F. Sarfo, J. Obeng-Baah, S. Etuaful, B. Nyamekye et al. "Cytokine Response to Antigen Stimulation of Whole Blood from Patients with Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease Compared to That from Patients with Tuberculosis". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, n. 2 (febbraio 2006): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.2.253-257.2006.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) is a skin-ulcerating infection common in some parts of the tropics. We have investigated cytokine secretion after stimulation of whole blood from Buruli ulcer (BU) patients in a region of endemicity in Ghana with M. ulcerans sonicate or culture filtrate antigens to investigate the development of the response over time and its specificity by comparison with the response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis sonicate in human immunodeficiency virus-negative tuberculosis patients. Significant gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in response to whole-blood stimulation with M. ulcerans sonicate was detected in patients with ulcers, which was higher than that in patients with nodules but similar to subjects with healed BU. The mean IFN-γ response in household contacts of BU patients was not significantly different from that in healthy control subjects from an area of nonendemicity. Results in patients with untreated, smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis patients on treatment for more than 2 weeks showed that BU patients responded better to M. ulcerans antigens than tuberculosis patients. In contrast, interleukin-10 results were higher in patients with active M. ulcerans disease than in those with healed lesions, but the pattern of response was similar to that seen in tuberculosis. A similar pattern of cytokine secretion was found using M. tuberculosis sonicate as an antigen. Neither of the two culture filtrate antigens of M. ulcerans appeared to be more specific than M. ulcerans sonicate. In the early stages of M. ulcerans disease there was a mixed Th1 and Th2 cytokine response, but the Th1 response emerged as the dominant type.

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Rajavelu, Priya, e Sulochana D. Das. "Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Healthy Laboratory Volunteers to Sonicate Antigens Prepared from the Most Prevalent Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from South India Harboring a Single Copy of IS6110". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, n. 6 (novembre 2003): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.6.1149-1152.2003.

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ABSTRACT Our restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies have shown that the most prevalent (40%) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from South India contain a single copy of the IS6110 insertion sequence and are of importance in studying virulence and immunity. Sonicate antigens from seven such strains were used to study in vitro T-cell proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion as markers of protective immunity in 25 healthy subjects positive for purified protein derivative (PPD). The standard PPD and heat-killed H37Rv antigens induced the maximum levels of T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion but low levels of IL-12. All sonicate antigens induced T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion with strong positive correlation. Our results suggest that sonicate antigens from the most prevalent and recent strains of M. tuberculosis from clinical isolates have the potential to induce T-cell activation and may allow newer and specific antigens to be further characterized for diagnosis and vaccine development.

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Waldrop, J. G., D. A. Stringfellow, M. D. Givens, P. K. Galik, K. P. Riddell, M. G. Riddell e R. L. Carson. "186SEROCONVERSION OF CALVES TO BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV) FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INOCULATION WITH ARTIFICIALLY EXPOSED IN VIVO-DERIVED EMBRYOS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, n. 2 (2004): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab186.

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An early study demonstrated that washing embryos was effective for removal of virus after artificial exposure of in vivo-derived embryos to a cytopathic isolate of BVDV (Singh et al., 1982 Theriogenology 17,437–444). However, a recent study using representative noncytopathic isolates of BVDV demonstrated that washing was less beneficial for removing some isolates of BVDV than for others (Waldrop et al., 2000 Theriogenology 57, 575). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if the quantity of a high affinity isolate of BVDV that remains associated with single-washed or trypsin-treated embryos is sufficient to cause infection in vivo. Twenty zona pellucida-intact Day 7 morulae and blastocysts (MB) were collected from superovulated cows. After collection, all MB were washed according to International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) standards, and all but 4 (negative controls) were exposed for 2h to approximately 106 cell culture infective doses (50% endpoint) per mL (CCID50/mL) of viral strain SD-1. Following exposure, one-half of the MB were washed and one-half were trypsin-treated according to IETS standards. All MB were then individually sonicated, and sonicate fluids were injected intravenously into seronegative calves. Blood was collected from each calf on Days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25, and 30, and sera were assayed for BVDV and anti-BVDV antibodies. All cattle used in the study were determined to be virus- and antibody-negative 30d prior to and the day of intravenous inoculation of sonicate fluids into calves. Viremia was not detected in any calf following injection, possibly due to intermittent sampling and/or small amount of embryo-associated virus present. However, seroconversion of 38 and 13% of the calves occurred following injection with sonicate fluids from washed and trypsin-treated embryos, respectively. Findings demonstrated that the quantity of a high affinity isolate of BVDV associated with single-washed or trypsin-treated embryos is sufficient to be infective in vivo as evidenced by seroconversion. These results emphasize the need for studies to determine if the virus associated with exposed individual embryos constitutes an infective dose when placed into the uterus.

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Mutiso, Joshua M., John C. Macharia, Evans Taracha, Kellern Wafula, Hitler Rikoi e Michael M. Gicheru. "Safety and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vervet monkeys immunized with Leishmania donovani sonicate antigen delivered with adjuvants". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 54, n. 1 (febbraio 2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652012000100007.

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In this study, we report on the safety and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), responses of the Leishmania donovani whole cell sonicate antigen delivered in conjunction with alum-BCG (AlBCG), Montanide ISA 720 (MISA) or Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in groups of vervet monkeys. Following three intradermal injections of the inoculums on days 0, 28 and 42, safety and DTH responses were assessed. Preliminary tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels were also measured and these were compared with DTH. Only those animals immunized with alum-BCG reacted adversely to the inoculum by producing ulcerative erythematous skin indurations. Non-parametric analysis of variance followed by a post-test showed significantly higher DTH responses in the MISA+Ag group compared with other immunized groups (p < 0.001). The MPLA+Ag group indicated significantly lower DTH responses to the sonicate antigen compared with the AlBCG+Ag group. There was a significant correlation between the DTH and cytokine responses (p < 0.0001). Based on this study we conclude that Leishmania donovani sonicate antigen containing MISA 720 is safe and is associated with a strong DTH reaction following immunization.

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Flurin, Laure, Kerryl Greenwood-Quaintance, Ronda N. Esper, Joachin Sanchez-Sotelo, Robin Patel e Robin Patel. "324. Implant Sonication Improves Microbiologic Diagnosis of Elbow Prosthetic Joint Infection". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 ottobre 2020): S234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.520.

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Abstract Background With a reported incidence of up to 12%, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a frequent complication of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). Its microbiologic diagnosis is usually based on periprosthetic tissue culture (hereafter referred to as tissue culture), despite the poor sensitivity of this technique. Although implant sonication cultures have been shown to be superior to tissue cultures for hip and knee PJI diagnosis, only a single small study (including fewer than 10 infected implants) has assessed sonication of elbow arthroplasties. Methods We retrospectively analysed 116 sonicate fluid cultures from patients who underwent revision of a TEA at our Institution between 2007 and 2019, comparing results to tissue cultures. Nine elbows who had fewer than 2 tissue samples obtained during surgery were excluded. Using the IDSA guidelines to define PJI, there were 46 infected cases and 61 aseptic failures. We reviewed clinical characteristics and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of periprosthetic tissue culture compared to culture of samples obtained by implant sonication. In addition, we compared the sensitivity of tissue culture to the combination of tissue and sonicate fluid culture. Results A total of 107 elbows were included. Median ages in the aseptic failure and PJI groups were 60 and 67 years, respectively. Gender distribution was similar for both groups (PJI group 62% females; aseptic group 65% females). The most common pathogens were coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (66%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (18%). The sensitivity of tissue culture was 63% and the sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture was 76% (p=0.14). The specificity of tissue culture was 86% and the specificity of sonicate fluid culture was 100%. Sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture in combination with tissue culture was 91% (p=0.045). Table. Comparison of tests for microbiologic diagnosis of PJI Conclusion The combination of sonicate fluid culture and tissue culture had a greater sensitivity than tissue culture alone for microbiologic diagnosis of elbow TEA infection. Disclosures Joachin Sanchez-Sotelo, M.D, PhD, Elsevier (Other Financial or Material Support, Publishing Royalties)Exactech (Consultant)Oxford Univerity Press (Other Financial or Material Support, Publishing Royalties)Stryker (Grant/Research Support)Wright (Consultant) Robin Patel, MD, Accelerate Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)CD Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Contrafect (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)GenMark Diagnostics (Consultant)Heraeus Medical (Consultant)Hutchison Biofilm Medical Solutions (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung (Other Financial or Material Support, Dr. Patel has a patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic, and a patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued.)Selux Dx (Consultant)Shionogi (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)

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He, Renke, Qiaojie Wang, Jin Wang, Jin Tang, Hao Shen e Xianlong Zhang. "Better choice of the type of specimen used for untargeted metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections". Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, n. 5 (1 maggio 2021): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b5.bjj-2020-0745.r1.

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Aims As a proven and comprehensive molecular technique, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has shown its potential in the diagnosis of pathogens in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), using a single type of specimen. However, the optimal use of mNGS in the management of PJI has not been explored. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of mNGS using three types of specimen with the aim of achieving a better choice of specimen for mNGS in these patients. Methods In this prospective study, 177 specimens were collected from 59 revision arthroplasties, including periprosthetic tissues, synovial fluid, and prosthetic sonicate fluid. Each specimen was divided into two, one for mNGS and one for culture. The criteria of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society were used to define PJI (40 cases) and aseptic failure (19 cases). Results The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS in the diagnosis of PJI were 95% and 94.7%, respectively, for all types of specimen. The sensitivity and specificity were 65% and 100%, respectively, for periprosthetic tissues, 87.5% and 94.7%, respectively, for synovial fluid, and 92.5% and 94.7%, respectively, for prosthetic sonicate fluid. The mNGS of prosthetic sonicate fluid outperformed that for other types of specimen in the rates of detection of pathogens (84.6%), sequencing reads (> ten-fold) and the rate of genome coverage (> five-fold). Conclusion mNGS could serve as an accurate diagnostic tool in the detection of pathogens in patients with a PJI using three types of specimen. Due to its superior perfomance in identifying a pathogen, mNGS of prosthetic sonicate fluid provides the most value and may partly replace traditional tests such as bacteriological culture in these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):923–930.

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Pisani, Paola, Mark T. Whary, Ingrid Nilsson, Supannee Sriamporn, Torkel Wadström, James G. Fox, Åsa Ljungh e David Forman. "Cross-Reactivity between Immune Responses to Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter pylori in a Population in Thailand at High Risk of Developing Cholangiocarcinoma". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, n. 9 (2 luglio 2008): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00132-08.

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ABSTRACT Helicobacter bilis DNA has been detected in human tissue and is a candidate for etiologic investigations on the causes of hepatic and biliary tract diseases, but reliable serologic tests need to be developed in order to pursue such investigations. The scope of this study was to assess the specificity of two assays for H. bilis immune response allowing for H. pylori, and their cross-reactivity in a population in Thailand at high risk for cholangiocarcinoma. Plasma samples from 92 Thai volunteers were independently tested in two laboratories (Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT] and Lund). MIT performed three analyses of H. pylori and H. bilis based either on (i) outer membrane protein (OMP) with no preabsorption or on antigens derived from whole-cell sonicate before (ii) or after (iii) preabsorption with H. pylori sonicate protein. Lund used cell surface proteins from H. pylori and H. bilis as antigens. Testing for H. bilis was preabsorbed with a whole-cell lysate of H. pylori. More than 80% of the samples were positive for H. pylori in both laboratories. As tested by MIT, 58.7% (95% confidence interval, 47.9 to 68.9%) were positive for H. bilis by OMP and 44.5% (34.1 to 55.3%) were positive for H. bilis sonicate protein, but only 15.2% (8.6 to 24.2%) remained positive after preabsorption with H. pylori sonicate protein. Lund found 34.5% of the samples positive for H. bilis (22.0 to 41.0%), which was statistically compatible with all three MIT results. Serologic responses to OMPs of the two bacteria coincided in 66 and 45% of the samples in the MIT and Lund assays, respectively. We found high cross-reactivity between the immune responses to H. pylori and H. bilis antigens. More-specific H. bilis antigens need to be isolated to develop serologic tests suitable for epidemiological studies.

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Shah, Bobby A., Yuai Li, Daniel J. Stechschulte e Kottarappat N. Dileepan. "Phagocytosis of mast cell granules results in decreased macrophage superoxide production". Mediators of Inflammation 4, n. 6 (1995): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0962935195000652.

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The mechanism by which phagocytosed mast cell granules (MCGs) inhibit macrophage superoxide production has not been defined. In this study, rat peritoneal macrophages were co-incubated with either isolated intact MCGs or MCG-sonicate, and their respiratory burst capacity and morphology were studied. Co-incubation of macrophages with either intact MCGs or MCG-sonicate resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide- mediated cytochrome c reduction. This inhibitory effect was evident within 5 min of incubation and with MCG-sonicate was completely reversed when macrophages were washed prior to activation with PMA. In the case of intact MCGs, the inhibitory effect was only partially reversed by washing after a prolonged co-incubation time. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that MCGs were rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages and were subsequently disintegrated within the phagolysosomes. Assay of MCGs for superoxide dismutase (SOD) revealed the presence of significant activity of this enzyme. A comparison of normal macrophages and those containing phagocytosed MCGs did not reveal a significant difference in total SOD activity. It is speculated that, although there was no significant increase in total SOD activity in macrophages containing phagocytosed MCGs, the phagocytosed MCGs might cause a transient increase in SOD activity within the phagolysosomes. This transient rise in SOD results in scavenging of the newly generated superoxide. Alternatively, MCG inhibition of NADPH oxidase would explain the reported observations.

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Terrés, A. M., J. M. Pajares, A. M. Hopkins, A. Murphy, A. Moran, A. W. Baird e D. Kelleher. "Helicobacter pylori Disrupts Epithelial Barrier Function in a Process Inhibited by Protein Kinase C Activators". Infection and Immunity 66, n. 6 (1 giugno 1998): 2943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2943-2950.1998.

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ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa, and the infection is related to the development of diverse gastric pathologies, possibly by directly or indirectly affecting epithelial-cell function. We analyzed the influence of the bacteria on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) on a model tight epithelium, T84, grown to confluence in permeable filters. H. pylori sonicates produced a dramatic decrease in TER after 1 to 2 h of exposure, while sonicates from other bacteria did not induce a significant reduction of TER. The effect induced by sonicates was mimicked by a water-soluble fraction from the bacterial surface, was not reproducible with isolated lipopolysaccharide, and was concomitant with a significant increase in the paracellular permeability of the marker molecule [14C]mannitol. Furthermore, H. pylori sonicates also provoked a significant increase in permeability to [14C]mannitol across rat gastric mucosa in vitro. The sonicate-induced decrease in TER in T84 monolayers was inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate. As PKC is directly involved in tight junction regulation, we suggest that H. pylori may induce intracellular signalling events counteracting PKC effects. Following long-term H. pylori stimulation, epithelial monolayers regained baseline resistance values slowly after 24 h. The resistance recovery process was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating its dependency upon protein synthesis. No association between resistance variation and E-cadherin protein levels was observed. These results indicate that H. pylori alters in vitro the barrier properties of the epithelium, probably by generating cell signalling events counteracting the normal function of PKC. This increased permeability may provide a potential mechanism by whichH. pylori antigens can reach the gastric lamina propria, thereby activating the mucosal immune system.

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20

Brunner, Michael, Stanley Stein, Paul D. Mitchell e Leonard H. Sigal. "Immunoglobulin M Capture Assay for Serologic Confirmation of Early Lyme Disease: Analysis of Immune Complexes with Biotinylated Borrelia burgdorferi Sonicate Enhanced with Flagellin Peptide Epitope". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, n. 4 (1998): 1074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.4.1074-1080.1998.

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We previously reported on the efficacy of the enzyme-linked immunoglobulin M capture immune complex (IC) biotinylated antigen assay (EMIBA) for the seroconfirmation of early Lyme disease and active infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. In earlier work we identified non-cross-reacting epitopes of a number of B. burgdorferi proteins, including flagellin. We now report on an improvement in the performance of EMIBA with the addition of a biotinylated form of a synthetic non-cross-reacting immunodominant flagellin peptide to the biotinylated B. burgdorferi B31 sonicate antigen source with the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex detection system used in our recently developed indirect IgM-capture immune complex-based assay (EMIBA). As in our previous studies, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivities of antibodies liberated from circulating ICs (by EMIBA) were compared with those of antibodies in unprocessed serum (antibodies found free in the serum, thus as an IgM-capture ELISA, but not EMIBA, because the antibodies were not liberated from ICs), the sample usually used in standard ELISAs and Western blot assays. The addition of the flagellin epitope enhanced the ELISA signal obtained with untreated sera from many Lyme disease patients but not from healthy controls. In tests with both free antibodies and ICs, with or without the addition of the flagellin epitope to the sonicate, we found the most advantageous combination was IC as the source of antibodies and sonicate plus the flagellin epitope as the antigen. In a blinded study of sera obtained from patients with early and later-phase Lyme disease, EMIBA with the enhanced antigenic preparation compared favorably with other serologic assays, especially for the confirmation of early disease.

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21

Fisher, Cody, Jordan Krull, Aditya Bhagwate, Kerryl Greenwood-Quaintance, Matthew P. Abdel e Robin Patel. "Predicted Cellularity using RNASeq-Based Cellular Deconvolution Differentiates Periprosthetic Joint Infection from Non-Infectious Arthroplasty Failure". Journal of Immunology 208, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2022): 170.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.170.28.

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Abstract Differentiation of aseptic and septic causes of arthroplasty failure is essential due to their different treatment schemes. We hypothesized that predicted cellularity profiling of sonicate fluid using the RNASeq-based the cellular deconvolution tools CIBERSORTx and ABIS-seq can differentiate between PJI and non-infected arthroplasty failure (NIAF). Profiles were created for 93 sonicate fluid samples (40 from NIAF and 53 from PJI patients) that had been subjected to RNASeq analysis. CIBERSORTx provided 22 total predicted cell types; 12 predicted cellular abundances were differentially expressed in PJI versus NIAF, including increased neutrophils, activated mast cells, and eosinophils (p≤0.0004) and decreased M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and Treg cells (p≤0.0001). ABIS-seq provided 17 total predicted cell types; seven predicted cellular abundances were differentially expressed in PJI versus NIAF, including increased neutrophils, Vd2 γδ T cells, and basophils (p-values of <0.0001, 0.0003, and 0.0263, respectively) and decreased nonclassical/intermediate (NC+I) monocytes, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) (p-values ≤0.0001). Receiver operative characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis identified cells types most predictive of PJI (CIBERSORTx: neutrophils [AUC = 94], activated mast cells [AUC = 93]; ABIS-seq: neutrophils [AUC = 88]) and NIAF (ABIS-seq: NC+I monocytes [AUC = 85], MAIT cells [AUC = 80], mDCs [AUC = 81]). PJI and NIAF samples were differentially clustered by principal component analysis using both tools. Overall, cellularity profiling using RNASeq-based cellular deconvolution can differentiate between PJI and NIAF sonicate fluid samples. Work supported by NIAMS (NIH R01 AR056647). CF was supported by the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and the Ph.D. Training Grant in Basic Immunology (NIH R25 GM055252 24).

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22

Hayashi, T., A. Catanzaro e S. P. Rao. "Apoptosis of human monocytes and macrophages by Mycobacterium avium sonicate." Infection and immunity 65, n. 12 (1997): 5262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.65.12.5262-5271.1997.

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23

Gruber, B. L., R. R. Kew, A. Jelaska, M. J. Marchese, J. Garlick, S. Ren, L. B. Schwartz e J. H. Korn. "Human mast cells activate fibroblasts: tryptase is a fibrogenic factor stimulating collagen messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis and fibroblast chemotaxis." Journal of Immunology 158, n. 5 (1 marzo 1997): 2310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.5.2310.

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Abstract The effect of human mast cells on fibroblast activity was studied using an organotypic skin-equivalent culture system. Human mast cell-1 (HMC-1) cells were embedded in a collagen gel with neonatal dermal fibroblasts at a ratio of 1:4; keratinocytes then were allowed to stratify above this composite culture. Analysis of type a1(I) procollagen mRNA synthesis by in situ hybridization revealed a substantial increase in mRNA levels in the presence of mast cells and especially following degranulation, induced by calcium ionophore A23187. Tryptase, a major product of human mast cells, could substitute for mast cells in this culture system, up-regulating procollagen mRNA synthesis. Tryptase pretreated with the specific protease inhibitor bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazo-lyl)methane (BABIM) markedly attenuated the collagen mRNA up-regulation. Further studies revealed HMC-1 cell sonicates stimulated fibroblast chemotaxis and procollagen mRNA synthesis. Inhibition of HMC-1 sonicates with either BABIM or a neutralizing mAb against tryptase resulted in significant reduction of fibroblast chemotaxis and procollagen mRNA, implying that tryptase accounted for the majority of HMC-1 sonicate activity. Tryptase directly stimulated fibroblast chemotaxis with optimal concentrations between 10 pM and 1 nM. The maximal response of optimal concentrations of tryptase was comparable with the known fibrogenic factor, TGF-beta. Inhibition of tryptase with BABIM resulted in approximately 50% reduction in chemotactic activity. Additional studies revealed that tryptase (0.3-3 nM) stimulated procollagen mRNA synthesis in confluent monolayers of dermal fibroblasts.

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24

Lyadova, Irina, Vladimir Yeremeev, Konstantin Majorov, Boris Nikonenko, Sergei Khaidukov, Tatiana Kondratieva, Natalia Kobets e Alexander Apt. "An Ex Vivo Study of T Lymphocytes Recovered from the Lungs of I/St Mice Infected with and Susceptible toMycobacterium tuberculosis". Infection and Immunity 66, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1998): 4981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.10.4981-4988.1998.

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ABSTRACT I/St mice, previously characterized as susceptible toMycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, were given 103 or 105 CFU intravenously. At two time points postinoculation, the cell suspensions that resulted from enzymatic digestion of lungs were enumerated and further characterized phenotypically and functionally. Regarding the T-cell populations recovered at 2 and 5 weeks postinfection, two main results were obtained: (i) the population of CD44− CD45RB+cells disappeared within 2 weeks postinfection, while the number of CD44+ CD45RB−/low cells slowly increased between weeks 2 and 5; (ii) when cocultured with irradiated syngeneic splenocytes, these lung T cells proliferated in the presence of H37Rv sonicate. Using H37Rv sonicate and irradiated syngeneic splenocytes to reactivate lung T cells, we selected five CD3+CD4+ CD8− T-cell clones. In addition to the H37Rv sonicate, the five clones react to both a short-term culture filtrate and an affinity-purified 15- to 18-kDa mycobacterial molecule as assessed by the proliferative assay. However, there was a clear difference between T-cell clones with respect to cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and interleukin-4 [IL-4] and IL-10) profiles: besides one Th1-like (IFN-γ+ IL-4−) clone and one Th0-like (IFN-γ+ IL-4+IL-10+) clone, three clones produced predominantly IL-10, with only marginal or no IL-4 and IFN-γ responses. Inhibition of mycobacterial growth by macrophages in the presence of T cells was studied in a coculture in vitro system. It was found that the capacity to enhance antimycobacterial activity of macrophages fully correlated with INF-γ production by individual T-cell clones following genetically restricted recognition of infected macrophages. The possible functional significance of cytokine diversity among T-cell clones is discussed.

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25

Kempthorne, J. T., R. Ailabouni, S. Raniga, D. Hammer e G. Hooper. "Occult Infection in Aseptic Joint Loosening and the Diagnostic Role of Implant Sonication". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/946215.

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Our aim was to determine the incidence of occult infection and to examine the role of ultrasound sonication of the implants in cases of presumed aseptic loosening in a prospective trial. Joint swabs, aspirates, and deep tissue samples were obtained from around the prosthesis for routine microbiology. Each prosthesis was sonicated and the sonicate examined with Gram staining and extended cultures. There were 106 joints in the study of which 54 were revised for aseptic loosening and 52 were assigned to the control revision group. There were 9 positive cultures with 8/54 positive cultures in the aseptic loosening group and 1/52 in the control revision group (p=0.017, associated OR 47.7). We found concordant results between sonication fluid culture and conventional samples in 5/9 cultures. Preoperative inflammatory markers were not prognostic for infection.Coagulase-negative Staphylococcuswas the most commonly cultured organism (7/9). Previously unrecognised infection was present in 15% of patients undergoing revision for aseptic loosening. Ultrasound sonication of the removed prosthesis was less sensitive than conventional sampling techniques. We recommend routine intraoperative sampling for patients having revision for aseptic loosening, but we do not support the routine use of ultrasound sonication for its detection.

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26

Oldfield, Eric, John L. Bowers e Jeffrey Forbes. "High-resolution proton and carbon-13 NMR of membranes: why sonicate?" Biochemistry 26, n. 22 (novembre 1987): 6919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00396a009.

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27

Thoendel, Matthew, Patricio Jeraldo, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Janet Yao, Nicholas Chia, Arlen D. Hanssen, Matthew P. Abdel e Robin Patel. "Impact of Contaminating DNA in Whole-Genome Amplification Kits Used for Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing for Infection Diagnosis". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, n. 6 (29 marzo 2017): 1789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02402-16.

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ABSTRACT Whole-genome amplification (WGA) is a useful tool for amplification of very small quantities of DNA for many uses, including metagenomic shotgun sequencing for infection diagnosis. Depending on the application, background DNA from WGA kits can be problematic. Three WGA kits were tested for their utility in a metagenomics approach to identify the pathogens in sonicate fluid comprised of biofilms and other materials dislodged from the surfaces of explanted prosthetic joints using sonication. The Illustra V2 Genomiphi, Illustra single cell Genomiphi, and Qiagen REPLI-g single cell kits were used to test identical sonicate fluid samples. Variations in the number of background reads, the genera identified in the background, and the number of reads from known pathogens known to be present in the samples were observed between kits. These results were then compared to those obtained with a library preparation without prior WGA using an NEBNext Ultra II paired-end kit, which requires a very small amount of input DNA. This approach also resulted in the presence of contaminant bacterial DNA and yielded fewer reads from the known pathogens. These findings highlight the impact that WGA kit selection can have on metagenomic analysis of low-biomass samples and the importance of the careful selection and consideration of the implications of using these tools.

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28

Pei, Bo, Annie Speak, Frances Platt, Vincenzo Cerundolo e Mitchell Kronenberg. "Deficiency in Sphingolipids Has No Effect on Self-antigen Presentation to Invariant NKT Cells (134.17)". Journal of Immunology 182, n. 1_Supplement (1 aprile 2009): 134.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.134.17.

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Abstract NKT cells with an invariant TCR (iNKT cells) represent a unique subset of T lymphocytes sharing properties of both natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. iNKT cells regulate immune responses by rapidly secreting large amount of cytokines. Their development and maturation is dependent on self-Ags presented by CD1d, a MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecule. It is widely believed that these self-Ags are glycosphingolipids. Here, we used LY-B, a sphingolipid-deficient cell line, to study the nature of the endogenous lipid Ags that stimulate iNKT cells. With only 10% glycosphingolipid level of wild type cells, and these predominantly ganglioside GM3, mouse CD1d transfectants of LY-B still showed comparable ability to stimulate iNKT cell hybridomas. The self-Ag presentation was CD1d-dependent, because a specific antibody against mouse CD1d could block it. The finding was further confirmed by a cell-free Ag presentation assay. Surprisingly, alkaline digestion, which specifically hydrolyzes acyl fatty acids from phospholipids, dramatically reduced the antigenic activity of a cell sonicate while αGalCer was not affected. Sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase, which specifically frees acyl fatty acids from sphingolipids, eliminated the activity of αGalCer without any effect on the activity in the cell sonicate. These data show that the endogenous Ags stimulating iNKT cells need not be glycosphingolipids.

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29

Yuhas, Yael, Abraham Weizman e Shai Ashkenazi. "Bidirectional Concentration-Dependent Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Shigella dysenteriae-Related Seizures". Infection and Immunity 71, n. 4 (aprile 2003): 2288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.4.2288-2291.2003.

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ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that pretreatment of mice with Shigella dysenteriae sonicate enhanced their susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was proconvulsive in this respect. The present study shows that TNF-α, at high concentrations, may also exert a suppressive effect on Shigella-mediated seizures. This implies that high levels of TNF-α may play a protective role in neurologic complications of S. dysenteriae infection.

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30

Bonar, Agnieszka, Magdalena Chmiela e Barbara Różalska. "IgG anti-multiantigen sonicate of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mts) measured by ELISA-Mts". Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska 72, n. 5-6 (18 febbraio 2008): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/arm.28148.

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31

RECHNITZER, C., A. KHARAZMI e H. NIELSEN. "Effects of Legionella pneumophila sonicate on human neutrophil granulocyte and monocyte chemotaxis". European Journal of Clinical Investigation 16, n. 5 (ottobre 1986): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1986.tb01011.x.

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32

Karlsson, M., G. Stiernstedt, M. Granström, E. Åsbrink e B. Wretlind. "Comparison of flagellum and sonicate antigens for serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 9, n. 3 (marzo 1990): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01963833.

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33

Nielsen, H., e L. P. Andersen. "Chemotactic activity of Helicobacter pylori sonicate for human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes." Gut 33, n. 6 (1 giugno 1992): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.33.6.738.

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34

Li, Cheng, Nora Renz, Cristina Ojeda Thies e Andrej Trampuz. "Meta-analysis of sonicate fluid in blood culture bottles for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection". Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 3, n. 5 (24 dicembre 2018): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jbji.29731.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication after arthroplasty, and the diagnosis of PJI is still challenging with modern medical technology. To improve the diagnostic rate, combined diagnostic methods are gradually beginning to be used to diagnose PJI. Sonication is one accurate way to diagnose PJI, but there is minimal research regarding the diagnostic value of sonicate fluid (SF) in blood culture bottles (BCB). Therefore, we evaluated this combined diagnostic method by meta-analysis.Methods: We searched English publications in electronic databases regarding the use of sonicate fluid in blood culture bottles (SF-BCB) for diagnosing PJI, screened the literature according to inclusion criteria, assessed the quality of the selected literature, and collected information regarding SF-BCB.Results: This meta-analysis includes 4 studies that evaluated SF-BCB for the diagnosis of PJI. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) are 0.85 (95% Confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 0.91), 0.86 (CI, 0.81 to 0.91), 5.34 (CI, 3.13 to 9.11), 0.16 (CI, 0.06 to 0.48) and 39.01 (CI, 9.04 to 168.35), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) is 0.9186 (standard error, 0.0205).Conclusion: SF-BCB has great value for the microbiological diagnosis of PJ, especially for patients with prior antibiotic treatment.

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35

Johnson, James R., Brian Johnston e Michael A. Kuskowski. "In VitroComparison of Nitrofurazone- and Silver Alloy-Coated Foley Catheters for Contact-Dependent and Diffusible Inhibition of Urinary Tract Infection-Associated Microorganisms". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, n. 9 (2 luglio 2012): 4969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00733-12.

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ABSTRACTTwo marketed antimicrobial-coated Foley catheters were compared forin vitrodiffusible and contact-dependent inhibition of 11 urinary tract infection-associated microorganisms in an adherence-biofilm assay. Nitrofurazone-coated catheters significantly outperformed silver alloy-coated catheters for inhibitory activity, according to both inoculum broth and catheter sonicate counts, whether compared directly or against the corresponding control catheters. Although inhibition waned with catheter preincubation in saline, some organisms were inhibited even after a 48-h catheter preincubation, especially by the nitrofurazone-coated catheter.

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36

Wang, Li Jun, e Kazuo Umemura. "Optical Absorption Spectroscopy of DNA-Wrapped HiPco Carbon Nanotubes". Materials Science Forum 943 (gennaio 2019): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.943.95.

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Optical absorption spectroscopy provides evidence for individually dispersed carbon nanotubes. A common method to disperse SWCNTs into aqueous solution is to sonicate the mixture in the presence of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In this paper, optical characterization of dsDNA-wrapped HiPco carbon nanotubes (dsDNA-SWCNT) was carried out using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) experiments. The findings suggest that SWCNT dispersion is very good in the environment of DNA existing. Additionally, its dispersion depends on dsDNA concentration.

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37

Kumari, Mandavi, e Rajiv K. Saxena. "Relative Efficacy of Uptake and Presentation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Antigens by Type I Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells and Peritoneal Macrophages". Infection and Immunity 79, n. 8 (6 giugno 2011): 3159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05406-11.

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ABSTRACTFlow cytometric studies indicated that both peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and primary lung epithelial (PLE) cells isolated from mouse lungs could take up fluorescence-taggedMycobacterium bovisBCG. BCG uptake in both cases was significantly inhibited by cytochalasin D, indicating active internalization of BCG by these cells. Confocal microscopy data further confirmed that BCG was internalized by PLE cells. BCG sonicate antigen (sBCG) had marked toxicity toward PMs but was relatively nontoxic to PLE cells. Accordingly, BCG sonicate antigen induced a significantly higher apoptotic and necrotic response in PMs compared to that in PLE cells. Both PMs and PLE cells exposed to BCG antigens and fixed thereafter could efficiently present antigens to purified BCG-sensitized T helper cells, as assessed by the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). If, however, PLE cells were fixed before exposure to BCG, antigen presentation was abrogated, indicating that the PLE cells may in some way process the BCG antigen. A comparison of efficacies of BCG-pulsed PLE cells and PMs to present antigen at various antigen-presenting cell (APC)/T cell ratios indicated that PMs had only marginally greater APC function than that of PLE cells. Staining with specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the cultured PLE cells used for antigen presentation essentially comprised type I epithelial cells. Our results suggest that type I lung epithelial cells may present BCG antigens to sensitized T helper cells and that their performance as APCs is comparable with that of PMs.

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38

Pérez-Granda, María Jesús, José María Barrio, Raquel Cruces, Beatriz Alonso, Pablo Martín-Rabadán, Inmaculada Collado e María Guembe. "How should microbiology laboratories interpret cultures of the sonicate of closed needleless connectors?" Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) 39, n. 2 (febbraio 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimce.2020.01.018.

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39

Millar, D. J., E. E. Scott, J. M. Slaney, Sally U, P. Benjamin e M. A. Curtis. "Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to the principle sonicate antigens ofPorphyromonas gingivalisw50". FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 7, n. 3 (ottobre 1993): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695x.1993.tb00401.x.

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40

Deshpande, Rajashri G., Mahfuz B. Khan, Deepashree A. Bhat e R. G. Navalkar. "Immunoaffinity chromatographic isolation of a high molecular weight seroreactive protein fromMycobacterium lepraecell sonicate". FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 11, n. 3 (giugno 1995): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695x.1995.tb00113.x.

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41

Hasan, Z., N. Rao, N. Salahuddin, M. Islam, M. Ashraf, M. E. Rottenberg e R. Hussain. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sonicate-Induced IFNγ, CXCL10 and IL10 can Differentiate Severity in Tuberculosis". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 75, n. 2 (10 gennaio 2012): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02642.x.

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42

Janz, V., G. I. Wassilew, M. Kribus, A. Trampuz e C. Perka. "Improved identification of polymicrobial infection in total knee arthroplasty through sonicate fluid cultures". Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 135, n. 10 (8 settembre 2015): 1453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2317-4.

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43

Maeda, Kosaku, Tetsu Yamashiro, Takanori Minoura, Toshio Fujioka, Masaru Nasu e Akira Nishizono. "Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of AdjuvantHelicobacter pyloriWhole Cell Sonicate in Mice with ChronicH. pyloriInfection". Microbiology and Immunology 46, n. 9 (settembre 2002): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02742.x.

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44

Martin, Keanu, Bruce Anderson, Corneile Minnaar e Marinus de Jager. "Honey bees are important pollinators of South African blueberries despite their inability to sonicate". South African Journal of Botany 137 (marzo 2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.09.030.

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45

Bereza, Przemysław, Alicja Ekiel, Małgorzata Aptekorz, Damian Kusz e Gajane Martirosian. "Assessment of Microbiological and Clinical Findings of Two-Stage Revision Arthroplasty Performed Due to Prosthetic Joint Infection". Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 24, n. 3 (30 giugno 2022): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9055.

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Background. Two-stage revision arthroplasty remains the main surgical strategy for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Sonicate fluid culture has improved sensitivity compared to standard periprosthetic tissue culture, but its usefulness is questionable during the second stage of revision arthroplasty. Material and methods. Twenty-seven patients with prosthetic joint infection were investigated. Tissue and sonicate fluid cultures were examined to detect bacteria on the removed spacer during the second stage of exchange arthroplasty. Microbiological findings were analyzed and patients were assessed within an average of 5 years’ follow up. Results. Tissue cultures in second-stage revision arthroplasties were positive in 6/27 cases (22.2%) growing CNS in 4 cases (14.8%), Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case (3.7%), and Enterococcus faecalis in 1 case (3.7%). In 3 cases (11.1%) infection was identified as a result of a sonication procedure. Clinical failures at final follow-up were recorded in 4 (14.8%) patients, with reinfection noted in 3 of them. Arthrodesis and spacer exchange followed by suppressive antibiotic therapy were performed in 2 cases. Conclusions. 1. Tissue cultures remain the gold standard in diagnosis of PIJ although a negative culture does not rule out the presence of bacteria on spacers removed during second stage revision for PJI. 2. Sonication appears to have limited ability to detect persistent infection before reimplantation and was not associated with recurrent infection; however, it can be considered a complementary method that could make it possible to identify new microorganisms and facilitate the selection of appropriate treatment options. 3. The positive results of sonication should be interpreted as the detection of actual pathogens in the light of the clinical, microbiological and histopathological data, especially for patients with immunodeficiency.

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M.J, A., A. S.S, A. I.A, A. Al-Oubaidy, A. Alwan e A. Al-Zubaidy. "THE INFLUENCE OF WHOLE SONICATE BRUCELLA ABORTUS ANTIGEN ON THE CANDIDA ALBICANS INFECTION IN MICE". Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 8, n. 1 (28 giugno 2009): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/bvetr.2009.55215.

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47

Anandan, S., A. Augustine, E. Mathai e MV Jesudason. "Evaluation of IgM ELISA using a sonicate and a lipopolysaccharide antigen for the serodiagnosis of melioidosis". Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 28, n. 2 (2010): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.62496.

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48

Janz, Viktor, Andrej Trampuz, Carsten F. Perka e Georgi I. Wassilew. "Reduced culture time and improved isolation rate through culture of sonicate fluid in blood culture bottles". Technology and Health Care 25, n. 4 (9 agosto 2017): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-160660.

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49

Kokosar Ulcar, Barbara, Nikola Lakic, Samo Jeverica, Blaz Pecavar, Mateja Logar, Tjasa Kisek Cerar e Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc. "Contribution of sonicate-fluid cultures and broad-range PCR to microbiological diagnosis in vascular graft infections". Infectious Diseases 50, n. 6 (20 dicembre 2017): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2017.1418529.

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50

Xu, Haibo, Aixia Zhu e Cuiying Ma. "Up-Regulation of miR-124 Attenuates Osteoclasts Differentiation and Bone Resorption Induced by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Sonicate". Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 9, n. 3 (1 marzo 2019): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2019.1997.

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