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1
Ye, Lambiénou, Désiré Jean Pascal Lompo, Aboubakar Sako e Hassan Bismarck Nacro. "Evaluation of trace metal content in soils subjected to inputs of solid urban wastes". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n. 9 (25 marzo 2021): 3361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.31.
Abstract (sommario):
Large amounts of solid urban waste (SUW), sometimes containing trace metal (TM), are used to fertilize agricultural soils. The aim of this study was to assess concentrations of TM in peri-urban agricultural soils exposed to SUW inputs around Bobo-Dioulasso. Composite samples of fourteen soil profiles (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm) were collected in the classified Dindéréso forest in the outskirts of Bobo-Dioulasso. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) was used to analyze TM concentrations in the samples. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn varied broadly according to the sampling sites and soil horizons. The maximum concentrations of the analyzed elements in all sites were lower than the limit concentrations. Regardless soil horizons, the pollution index were less than 1, suggesting that the sampled soils were not subject to multiple contaminations of TM.
D’importantes quantités de déchets urbains solides (DUS), renfermant parfois des éléments traces métalliques (ETM), sont utilisées pour fertiliser les sols agricoles. Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer les concentrations en ETM des sols péri-urbains de la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso soumis à l’épandage des DUS. Des échantillons composites de sols ont été prélevés, suivant les horizons 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm et 40-60 cm, sur quatorze sites dans la forêt classée de Dindérésso située à la périphérie de la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso. L’analyse des échantillons de sol a été effectuée par spectrométrie de masse avec plasma à couplage inductif (ICP/MS). Les résultats montrent que les concentrations en Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb et Zn des sols sont très variées. Elles varient en fonction de l’ETM, du site et de l’horizon du sol. Les concentrations des différents ETM dans les sols sont inférieures aux valeurs limites sur tous les sites. L’index de pollution de chaque site est inférieur à 1, quel que soit l’horizon de sol, suggérant ainsi que les sites de la zone ne font pas l’objet d’une contamination multiple de leurs sols par les ETM.
2
Diop, Tidiane, Abdoulaye Diarra, Mouhamadou Abdoulaye Diallo, Mame Mor Dione e Abdoulaye Diop. "Impact d’une décharge urbaine sur la contamination métallique des sols : cas de la décharge de Mbeubeuss (Dakar)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, n. 6 (12 marzo 2023): 2992–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i6.41.
Abstract (sommario):
La contamination des sols par des éléments traces métalliques est l’un des problèmes environnementaux les plus pressants. La mise en décharge d’ordures ménagères est une source de cette contamination. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact de la décharge urbaine de Mbeubeuss (Dakar) sur la contamination en Éléments traces Métalliques (ETM). La méthodologie consiste à prélever cinq (5) échantillons de sols retenus en fonction de leur proximité au point central de la décharge afin de caractériser les paramètres physico-chimiques (pH et conductivité électriques) et les teneurs en Éléments Traces Métalliques (ETM). Les valeurs des pH, comprises entre 6,5 et 8,1, montrent que les sols sont neutres ou légèrement alcalins avec des conductivités électriques élevées [0,98-0,11ms/cm]. Les résultats des analyses des teneurs en ETM par XRF montrent que les sols de la décharge de Mbeubeuss sont riches en Cu (16,97-216 ppm), Fe (4250-12500 ppm), Zn (45,04-279,88 ppm), Pb (ld-322,78 ppm), Mn (652,11-803,25 ppm), Cr (37,52 – 67,17 ppm) et Ti (515,4-3753 ppm). L’évaluation de la contamination a été faite en calculant les indices de pollution et de géo accumulation. Cette étude montre une diminution de la pollution au fur et à mesure que l’on s’éloigne du point central et une accumulation de Zn et Pb à proximité de la décharge.
Contamination of soils with trace metals is one of the most pressing environmental problems. The dumping of household waste is a source of this contamination. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact of the urban landfill of Mbeubeuss (Dakar) on the contamination of Trace Metal Elements (TME). The methodology consists of taking five (5) soil samples selected according to their proximity to the central point of the landfill in order to characterize the physico-chemical parameters (pH and electrical conductivity) and the levels of Trace Metal Elements (TME). The pH Values, between 6.5 and 8.1, show that the soils are neutral or slightly alkaline with high electrical conductivities [0.98-0.11ms/cm]. The results of XRF analyses of TME content show that the soils of the Mbeubeuss dump are rich in Cu (16.97-216 ppm), Fe (4250-12500 ppm), Zn (45.04-279.88 ppm), Pb (ld-322.78 ppm), Mn (652.11-803.25 ppm), Cr (37.52-67.17 ppm) and Ti (515.4-3753 ppm). The contamination assessment was done by calculating the pollution and geo accumulation indices. This study shows a decrease in pollution as one moves away from the central point and an accumulation of Zn and Pb near the landfill.
3
Yuan, Jinlong, Yunbin Wu, Zhifeng Shu, Lian Su, Dawei Tang, Yuanjian Yang, Jingjing Dong, Saifen Yu, Zhen Zhang e Haiyun Xia. "Real-Time Synchronous 3-D Detection of Air Pollution and Wind Using a Solo Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar". Remote Sensing 14, n. 12 (11 giugno 2022): 2809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122809.
Abstract (sommario):
The monitoring and tracking of urban air pollution is a challenging environmental issue. The approach of synchronous 3-D detection of wind and pollution using a solo coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) is developed and demonstrated. The 3-D distribution of pollutant is depicted by the backscatter coefficient based on signal intensity of CDWL. Then, a high-resolution wind field is derived to track the local air pollution source with its diffusion and to analyze transboundary air pollution episodes. The approach is experimentally implemented in a chemical industry park. Smoke plumes caused by point source pollutions are captured well using plan position indicator (PPI) scanning with low elevation. A typical source of pollution is located, combining the trajectory of the smoke plume and the horizontal wind vector. In addition, transboundary air pollution caused by the transport of dust storms is detected in a vertical profile scanning pattern, which is consistent with the results of national monitoring stations and backward trajectory models. Our present work provides a significant 3-D detection approach to air pollution monitoring with its sources, paths, and heights by using a solo-CDWL system.
4
Djougo-Jantcheu, Yolande, Barthélémy Ndongo, Roger Ntankouo Njila e Kevin Nguedia Djatsa. "Assessment of the Polluting Status of Sludge from a Physicochemical Water Purification Unit and Their Impacts on the Soil: Case of the Yato Station (Littoral-Cameroon)". Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering 9, n. 1 (27 febbraio 2024): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20240901.13.
Abstract (sommario):
The Yato physicochemical water purification station is located in Dibombari District Council in the Littoral-Cameroon region. It is one of the largest drinking water production stations in the Central African sub-region. This work aims to evaluate, through the quantification of the concentrations of Trace Metal Elements (TMEs), the polluting status of the sludge from this drinking water production station and their impacts on the soil. To achieve this objective, mixed samples of sludge from sludge treatment ponds (taken according to the technique described in GIDS-A003 point 6 as explained in the Solid and pasty waste sampling strategy of Code of Good Practice No. 2) and samples of sludge from primary settling basins (taken in transparent bottles in polyethylene terephthalate of 1.5L) were analysed. Likewise, three soil wells were carried out and soil samples were taken on two levels of alteration then sent to the laboratory where physicochemical and TME analyses were carried out. The characteristics of the samples that were analysed are: particle size, texture (sand, silt, clay), physiochemistry (pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, phosphorus, nitrogen) and TME (chromium, copper, zinc, manganese). The results obtained show that the polluting status of the sludge from the Yato station is proven because their pollution index by heavy metals is greater than 1. The pollution index greater than 1 in the sludge from the treatment basins is due to the strong concentrations of TME originating from the accumulation of waste of all kinds in this location. Overall, TME concentrations in soils decrease for the most part from the surface towards depth. All the TMEs studied (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr) are present in all horizons. There is multiple contamination of sludge by TMEs because their pollution index is greater than 1 (IP>1). Although the sludge pollution indices are greater than 1, those of the different horizons are much lower than 1. Thus, since the TMEs decrease with depth, the subsurface horizons would be less affected by the pollutants contained in the station sludge. marking a real pollution of the surface layers.
5
Su, Rong Jun. "Study and Analysis on Pollution of Expanding Project of Coal Gangue Power Plant". Advanced Materials Research 485 (febbraio 2012): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.518.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to study the environmental impact of coal gangue power industry, took Expanding Project of Heilongjiang Dadong Coal Gangue Power Plant (EPHDCGPP) as an example to analyze its pollution. According to the requirements of Chinese environmental assessment and its project situation, analyzed its features of technology process and possible pollution of present plant and expanding project such as noise, dust, smoke, SO2, waste water and waste solid etc. Accident risk analysis was also done. Moreover, the intensity of polluting source were confirmed as 676.5 t/a of smoke dust and 680 t/a of SO2. All 7.6×104 t/a of ash and 2.23×105 t/a of slag will be sold to a local cement plant. Noises on boundary less than 50 dB(A) in day time and 45 dB(A) during night. There will no waste water discharge after expanding project. Meanwhile, measures to prevent above-mentioned pollution were proponed. This would lay a sound foundation for environmental impact assessment.
6
AF, Eghomwanre. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soils from Scrapyards in Benin City, Nigeria". Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 2, n. 4 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000132.
Abstract (sommario):
Scrap metals found in scrapyards accounts for a large proportion of municipal solid waste in Nigeria. They are a menace to the environment and pose potential health risk to nearby residents. T his study assessed the physicochemical quality and heavy meta l contamination of surface soils from selected scrapyards in Benin City, Nigeria. Surface soils were collected from 12 randomly selected scrapyards between February and April 2018. Physicochemical analyses were carried out using standard analytical methods , while heavy metal ( Fe, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb ) concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The physicochemical indicators showed values which ranged from 6.17 ± 1.17 to 7.81 ± 0.88, 335.00 ± 60.62 to 2467.33 ± 1708.95μS/cm and 2 .18 ± 0.39 to 44.27 ± 17.72 mg/kg for pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate ( NO - 3 ) respectively. The texture of the scrapyard soils was predominantly sand. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the scrapyard sites were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than the control site. A strong positive correlation existed among the studied metals. The concentrations of heavy metals were above the WHO/FAO critical level of 100 mg/kg except for Cr and Cd. Contamination indexes of the scrapyard soils showed th at the soils samples from all the locations were highly contaminated with heavy metals. There is urgent need for evacuation of the scrap metal wastes from the scrapyards and enactment of appropriate legislations which prohibits the use of land in residenti al areas as scrapyards in the city to prevent likely health hazard
7
Christ Bardoul, Engambe, Tchoumou Martin, IFO Grace Mazel e Moussoki Nsona Promesse. "Speciation and Pollution Assessment of Chromium and Zinc in Landfill Soils of Brazzaville: Physico-Chemical Analyses and Heavy Metal Contamination". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, n. 9 (5 settembre 2023): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23824181941.
8
Špelić, Ivana, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić e Rajka Budin. "Optimization of energy savings in shoe sole production". Koža & obuća 68, n. 1 (12 giugno 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.1.7.
Abstract (sommario):
Since 1970’s, the most popular shoe soles are (EVA) soles, made from Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, copolymer consisting of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The thermosets and elastomers (rubbers), among them accounting EVA, encompasses around 30% of the tonnage of all synthetic polymers produced, with the synthetic rubbers exceeding the tonnage of natural rubber. With that in mind, the energy savings in rubber processing plants are of great importance and the paper analyses the potential of energy savings in shoe soles production process made of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). The shoe soles made from EVA are lightweight, easy to mould, water and moisture resistant, highly elastic, shock absorbent, great thermal insulators, highly durable, etc. The energy savings using the process return condensate in shoe sole production process are presented. Using the return condensate results in lower make up water consumption, substantial fuel savings needed to produce steam and lower chemical consumption. Returning hot process condensate to the boiler results in oil savings of 14,9%. Also, the thermal pollution is reduced by 95,3%, while the volume of the flue gases is lowered from 17,11 m3FG/kgNEC to 14,57 m3FG/kgNEC or by 14,8%. Such a system enables both the oil savings and reduces the thermal pollution. The comparison of process with and without flue gases heat recovery shows fuel savings of 18,76%, while the temperature reduces from 221°C to 137,39°C and while the volume of the flue gases is lowered to 13,90 m3FG/ kgP.
9
Akinbile, C. O. "Environmental impact of landfill on groundwater quality and agricultural soils in Nigeria". Soil and Water Research 7, No. 1 (15 marzo 2012): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2011-swr.
Abstract (sommario):
Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out of water samples from three boreholes located near a landfill, and or soil samples at Akure, Nigeria, to ascertain the effect of the dumpsite on the groundwater and soil quality. The samples from borehole locations with radial distances of 50, 80, and 100 m, respectively, away from the landfill and twelve soil samples collected at distances 0 (dump centre), 10, 20, and 30 m away from the refuse dump were analysed. The parameters determined were the turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total iron, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and heavy metals like copper, zinc, and lead. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for consumption. The pH ranged from 5.7 to 6.8 indicating toxic pollution, the turbidity values were between 1.6 and 6.6 NTU, and the temperature ranged from 26.5°C to 27.5°C. The concentrations of iron, nitrate, nitrite and calcium ranged from 0.9 to 1.4, 30 to 61, 0.7 to 0.9, and 17 to 122 mg/l, respectively. Out of heavy metals, zinc ranged between 3.3 and 5.4 mg/l and lead ranged from 1.1 to 1.2 mg/l. Soil water holding capacity, porosity, pH, organic matter, organic carbon and organic nitrogen ranged from 38 to 54, 44 to 48, 6.9–7.5, 2.44–4.27, 1.42–2.48, and 0.12–0.21%, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences at 95% level. The results showed that all the boreholes were not strongly polluted but require treatment before use while the soil is absolutely unsuitable for the crop production. Re-designing of sanitary landfills to prevent leachate from getting to the water table, adoption of clean technology for recycling greenhouse gases and a sustainable land management programme for reclamation are recommended.
10
Sueoka, Y., M. Sakakibara, S. Sano e K. Sera. "Heavy metal accumulation and the practical application of lichens as bioindicators for heavy metal pollution in surface soil". International Journal of PIXE 26, n. 03n04 (gennaio 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083517500024.
Abstract (sommario):
Levels of trace element pollution in surface soil have been estimated using soil analyses and leaching tests. These methods may reveal different results due to the effect of soil properties on the elemental availability. Therefore, this study advocates an alternative method for monitoring and assessment of trace element pollution in surface soil using terricolous fruticose lichens. Lichens and their substrata were analyzed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and XRF to clarify the relationships between Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations in lichens and soils, including their absorption properties. Concentrations of these elements in the lichens were positively correlated with those in the soils regardless of lichen species, location, habitat, or conditions of soils. The analyzed lichens had neither competitive nor antagonistic properties in their elemental absorption, which made them good bioindicators of trace element pollution in surface soil. The distribution maps of average Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations at each sampling region was detected at almost all of the Cu, Zn and As pollution of the soils. Therefore, lichens could be used in practical applications to monitor Cu, Zn and As pollution in surface soils.
11
Zhao, Xiao Qing, Hong Hui Yang e Jian Chen. "Evaluation on Characteristics of Heavy Metal Spatial Pollution in Farmland Soils along the Bijiang River". Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (febbraio 2013): 1586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1586.
Abstract (sommario):
Based on the farmland soils along the Bijiang River, a main tributary of the international Lantsang-Mekong River flowing through the Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit, this dissertation makes analyses on the pollution characteristics of spatial variation in farmland soils by adopting the soil sampling and testing analysis and applying single-factor pollution index (SPI) evaluation and Nemerow composite pollution index (NCPI) evaluation. The results indicate that: (1) In accordance with Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (II), the content of Cd contained in the farmland soils has severely exceeded the standard in a large scale, followed by Pb and Zn. However, the content of As is maintained within the specified standard; (2)The SPI values of soils are in the following sequence: Cd＞Zn＞Pb＞As. The pollution level caused by the heavy metal “Cd” to the farmland soils is extremely heavy in a wide range, and a majority of the farmlands are heavily polluted by Zn. The farmlands with moderate pollution by Pb are centered at Plot 2 in the deposit, and only a few farmland soils are moderately polluted by As at Plot 2 in the deposit;(3) Based on the NCPI, the results indicate that the NCPI of the farmland soils has reached to the degree of heavy pollution; (4) It is indicated based on the RPI evaluation that the RPI values of As, Cd, Pb and Zn contained in the farmland soils have exceeded the standard in the following sequence: Pb＞Zn＞Cd＞As, which illustrates that during the development of Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit in Lanping County, the heavy metals imposing the most profound influence on the soil pollution are Pb and Zn. The heavy metal pollution in the farmland soils from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Bijiang River is not only caused by the development of Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit in Lanping County, but is also associated with its high soil background value;(5) There is a remarkable spatial variation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Bijiang River. Both the SPI and the NCPI values of heavy metals in the soils within the deposit at the upper reaches of the Bijiang River are the lowest; the pollution index of the soils closest to the deposit are the highest, and the pollution index of the soils with a certain distance from the deposit drops swiftly; the pollution index of Plot 4 rises to a certain degree at the middle reaches, and gradually ascends near the Yunlong County seat at Plot 5, however, with a comparatively small growth rates.
12
Kobza, J. "Soil and plant pollution by potentially toxic elements in Slovakia". Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 6 (19 novembre 2011): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3581-pse.
Abstract (sommario):
The Problem of soil and plant pollution by heavy metals in Slovakia is evaluated in this study. The measured data on the main risk elements have been obtained from a soil-monitoring grid in Slovakia, which consists of 318 agricultural sites. Analytical procedures of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu (extracted by 2 mol/l HNO<sub>3</sub> and by 0.05 mol/l EDTA) as well as the total content of the described elements including Hg have been used for soil samples. Also the plants collected at the same sampling sites were analysed for their Cd, Pb, Cr and Hg contents. On the basis of the obtained results it may be concluded that significant pollution was determined only on 0.4% of the total soil cover in Slovakia. The significant correlation was determined between the soil available heavy metal content (extracted by 0.05 mol/l EDTA) and plant content. Potentially toxic elements were accumulated in the plant biomass only on heavily polluted soils
13
Kagadju, Napoléon Amani, Pascal Nguo Balingene, Isaac Balume Kayani e Juste Yamonekawasso. "Impacts des décharges incontrôlées sur la qualité du sol dans les quartiers péri-urbains de la ville de Goma (Est RD Congo): cas du quartier MUGUNGA". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, n. 4 (19 settembre 2023): 1738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i4.35.
Abstract (sommario):
Le dépôt de déchets dans les décharges sauvages est une pratique qui ne laisse pas sain l’environnement. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer les risques de contamination de l’environnement restreint en Eléments Traces Métalliques (ETM) par les décharges. Pour ce faire, deux décharges incontrôlées dont MUGUNGA I et MUGUNGA II et un site non colonisé par les déchets municipaux (témoin) ont fait l’objet des investigations. Des échantillons composites de sols ont été prélevés à la profondeur de 0-30 cm sur les trois sites. De plus, les cultures d’amarantes ont été installées et suivies sur les différents sites. Les analyses des échantillons de sol et de biomasse aérienne d’amarante ont été effectuées par spectrométrie de masse avec plasma à couplage inductif (ICP/MS). Les résultats ont montré que les concentrations en ETM (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd et As) dans les sols étaient inférieures aux valeurs limites sur tous les sites. L’index de pollution de chaque site est inférieur à 1. Dans la biomasse aérienne d’amarante, les concentrations en Cu, Cd et As étaient inférieures à la Concentration Maximale Réglementaire (CMR) ; l’on note néanmoins des concentrations en Zn et Pb supérieures aux CMR.
English title: Impacts of uncontrolled landfills to the soil quality in the peri urban areas for Goma city Mugunga district case
The dumping of waste in wild dumps is a practice that does not leave the environment healthy. The objective of this work was to assess the risk of contamination of the restricted environment in metallic Trace Elements (TME) by landfills. To do this, two uncontrolled landfills including MUGUNGA I and MUGUNGA II and a site not colonized by municipal waste (control) were investigated. Composite soils samples were taken at the depth of 0-30 cm at the three sites. In addition, amaranth cultures have been installed and monitored on the various sites. In addition, amaranth cultures have been installed and monitored on the various sites. Analyzes of soils and aboveground amaranth biomass samples were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). The result showed that the concentrations of TME (Cu, Pb, Zn and As) in the soils were below the limit values on all the sites. The pollution index for each site was less than 1. In the aerial amaranth biomass, the concentrations of Cu, Cd and As were below the Maximum Regulator Concentration (MRC); however, there were Zn and Pb concentrations above the MRC.
14
Kuraeva, Iryna, Iryna Roga, Liudmyla Sorokina e Olexandr Holubtsov. "Landscapes of Podillian Tovtry and their pollution with heavy metals". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n. 41 (17 settembre 2013): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.41.1946.
Abstract (sommario):
The main features of landscape structure of Podillian Tovtry within the territory of Ternopil region are considered. The content of heavy metals in the soils of the landscapes is analysed by the example of two key areas with different types of landuse. The landscape structure of the territory and the content of heavy metals in soils have been characterized on the basis of results of the authors’ field research. Key words: landscapes; Podillian Tovtry; anthropogenic impact; heavy metals.
15
Li, Qi. "Lead Pollution and its Assessment of Roadside Soils in Suzhou City". Advanced Materials Research 534 (giugno 2012): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.235.
Abstract (sommario):
Concentrations of lead in roadside soils from different function areas of Suzhou City were determined and analysed by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the method of geoaccumulation index. The results indicate that the concentrations of lead in roadside soils range from 23 to 90 mg/kg, with an average value of 37.11 mg/kg, exceeded the environment background value; the lead concentration from high to low is commercial areas, areas around station, industrial areas, urban green space and residential areas; most of roadside soils have not been polluted or only slightly polluted, except sampling site 19, 23 and 49 (moderate pollution).
16
Li, Yan, Zhe Liu, Bo Zhao e Yingtian Xiao. "Study on the effect of modified porous materials on heavy metal remediation in agricultural fields". Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2023): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v2i1.5403.
Abstract (sommario):
With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the problem of heavy metal pollution and degradation of soil quality in agricultural soils has become increasingly serious, and the search for efficient, economical and environment-friendly heavy metal passivation materials has become a research hotspot for the solidification and stabilization of heavy metals in agricultural soils. In this paper, we summarize the remediation effect of porous materials on soil heavy metal pollution in view of existing studies, and analyze the changes of porous material properties and the influence on heavy metal remediation ability after modification and aging. Finally, the performance improvement of porous materials and their industrial application in the field of heavy metal pollution remediation are prospected.
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Zhang, Yi Ting, Xu Jing Zhang e Gui Ting Zhang. "Analysis on Heavy Metal Pollution State in Urban Surface Soil". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maggio 2012): 1863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1863.
Abstract (sommario):
With the accelerating process of urbanization, heavy metal pollution problem is getting worse. In order to find out the state of heavy metal pollution in urban surface soils, we divided the city into different functional areas, and conducted the surface soil sampling, heavy metals analysis, and urban heavy metal pollution of surface soil data gathering. On this basis, evaluate the state of heavy metal pollution using Nemerow index, and analyze the source of heavy metal pollution. Evaluation and analysis process is simple and reasonable, is conducive to engineering applications, and also for environmental management department of the scientific decisions.
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Ameen, Nawrass. "Monitoring of Soil Pollution in Agricultural Lands Using Magnetic Susceptibility and Mineralogy Analyses, North Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq". Iraqi Geological Journal 57, n. 1A (31 gennaio 2024): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.1a.8ms-2024-1-19.
Abstract (sommario):
One hundred and fifty samples of soils were collected from five different agricultural lands in Al Muthanna province, southeast Iraq. This study aims to explore the magnetic mineralogy and its correlation with heavy metals in four agricultural lands in north of Al-Muthanna Province. These samples were analyzed using magnetic susceptibility and mineralogy analyses (magnetic susceptibility (χ), frequency-dependent susceptibility (κfd%), Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM), S-ratio, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and back field of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), grain size, and heavy metal analyses for soil assessment. The results show the dominance of magnetite and some portions of hematite as the main magnetic carriers in the surface soils. Super-paramagnetic (SP) and single domain (SD) grains are the two main magnetic grain sizes in the surface soils, based on cross plots of χ versus ARM and χ versus SIRM. The enhancement of magnetic susceptibility in the soil samples could be caused by pedogenic and anthropogenic processes. Heavy metal contents show no correlation with magnetic susceptibility for Rumaitha, Samawa, Warka’, while a positive correlation in Swair. This study demonstrates that magnetic mineralogy could be used as an indicator for different sources of soil contamination.
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Ribeiro de Lima, María Teresa, Marie-Thérèse Cabanis, Lurdes Matos, Geneviève Cassanas, Mary T. Kelly e Alain Blaise. "Determination of lead and cadmiun in vineyard soils, grapes and wines of the Azores". OENO One 38, n. 3 (30 settembre 2004): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2004.38.3.917.
Abstract (sommario):
<p style="text-align: justify;">This study describes the determination of lead and cadmium in vineyard soils of three regions of the Azores, and in the grapes and wines produced in those regions. The elements were analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS); wines were analysed without prior sample pre-treatment; grapes and soils were analysed after microwave digestion. Soils were also analysed by an alternative technique in order to establish the soluble fraction of these minerals directly assimilable by the plant. Statistical analysis revealed that the amounts of these minerals in wines are 28 μg/l and 0.58 μg/l for lead and cadmium, respectively. The levels of pollution by these elements is significantly lower in the Azores by comparison with other regions (according to literature values).</p>
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Cheng, Xianfeng, Jarmila Drozdova, Tomas Danek, Qianrui Huang, Wufu Qi, Shuran Yang, Liling Zou, Yungang Xiang e Xinliang Zhao. "Pollution Assessment of Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils around Copper Mining Area". Sustainability 10, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2018): 4533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124533.
Abstract (sommario):
Agricultural soils from Dongchuan copper mining area were sampled and analyzed to determine the concentrations of selected trace elements, namely As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. The main objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the levels of trace elements and their spatial distribution in soils; (2) to evaluate the potential ecological risk; and (3) to identify the main sources of risk element pollution. The environmental risks were assessed using five different contamination and pollution indexes. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses were performed to identify the relations among the trace elements in soils and possible sources of pollution. Although the values of As, Cu and Zn in the soils were significantly higher than Yunnan background values and exceeded the limits of the Chinese national standards in several sampling points, the most serious threat for the ecosystem and human health was represented by Cd. The main sources of Cu and As were identified mining activities, airborne particulates from smelters and the weathering of tailings, and partly also agricultural fertilizers. The major source of Cd was agricultural fertilizers and partly sources associated with mining and smelting activities.
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Shishkina, Diana Yurievna. "Biogeochemical characteristics of parks and public gardens in Rostov-on-Don". Samara Journal of Science 6, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2017): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764119.
Abstract (sommario):
The distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in the soils and leaves of the locust in the parks and squares of Rostov-on-Don was studied. 81 samples of soil and 30 samples of leaves were selected in 13 parks of the city. To determine the concentrations of elements, we used the approximate-quantitative and atomic-absorption analyses. For all elements, the concentration coefficient was calculated, as well as the hazard factor representing the multiplicity of exceeding the MAC or AAC. The total pollution index (Zc), which is the sum of the excess concentrations of individual elements above the background level, was used to characterize complex pollution. When comparing the average concentrations of metals and arsenic with the natural pedogeochemical background, a geochemical association is revealed: Cu2,5Zn2,3Pb1,8V1,3Hg1,3Ni1,2Cd1,2, typical of Rostov-on-Don soils. Weakly local pollution of soils of parks and squares with zinc, copper, vanadium and lead was revealed. The most common pollutant is zinc, for which the highest excess of AAC is characteristic. Pollution of the soil cover of recreational areas is assessed as permissible. With the passage of time, the concentration of zinc decreases and the concentrations of copper and vanadium increase in the soils of park landscapes. There has been increasing biological absorption by the leaves of the locust copper and molybdenum.
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Wang, Fangting, Changsheng Huang, Zhihua Chen e Ke Bao. "Distribution, Ecological Risk Assessment, and Bioavailability of Cadmium in Soil from Nansha, Pearl River Delta, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 19 (27 settembre 2019): 3637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193637.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a threat to human health. Examination of the spatial distribution of Cd in soils can be used to assess the risks posed to humans and the environment. Objective: This study determined the enrichment rules and factors influencing Cd pollution in Nansha, and evaluated the pollution characteristics and bioavailability of Cd in quaternary sediments through 7 deep soil profiles (0–200 cm), 4 boreholes, and 348 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples. Methods: The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (Er) were used to assess ecological risk, and bioavailability was determined using multivariate, spatial distribution, and correlation matrix analyses. Results: From the Er, 52% of Nansha was classed as being at very high risk of Cd pollution; a further 36% was classed as dangerous. Cadmium was more abundant in clay soils than in sandy soils. Bioavailable Cd in quaternary sediments was significantly affected by the total Cd, and labile Cd accounted for more than half of the total Cd. Changes in pH mainly affected bioavailable Cd rather than total Cd, affecting the overall bioavailability of Cd. Conclusions: Nansha soils are commonly and seriously contaminated with Cd. An appropriate remediation treatment approach should be used to reduce Cd bioavailability. Furthermore, planting structures in farmland should be adjusted to avoid the impact of heavy metals on human health.
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Kosiba, Piotr. "Impact of air pollution on the occurrence of Rhytisma acerinium "tar-spot" on mapie leaves". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 76, n. 4 (2011): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2007.037.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the study was, to find out whether the occurrence of <em>Rhytisma acerinium</em> and the variability of numbers of the "tar-spot" fungus on <em>Acer platanoides</em> leaves depend on the degree of environmental pollution. <em>A significant</em> variability was found between sites in relation to contents of chemical elements in soils, leaves and numbers of "tar-spots". The similarity of sites presented in dendrograms classified them as industrial, urban-agglomeration and vehicle-transport areas. The factor and PCA analyses showed that two factors differentiate the soil of the sites in respect of Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Cr, Ni, Cd and N, S, Mn, Pb. In case of leaves of <em>A. platanoides</em> populations differentiate them in respect of N, S, Fe, Pb, Zn, Co, Be, Cr, Cd and Mn, Cu, Mo. The different air pollutions affect significantly the numbers of "tar-spots" on leaves. Sites with the highest contents of elements do not show "tar-spots", and the factors restricting their occurrence are the high contents, mainly of N, S (NO<sub>X</sub>, SO<sub>X</sub>) and heavy metals. In sites, with the lowest contents of these elements massive infections take place. The occurrence of <em>R. acerinium</em> corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for evaluation of the degree of environmental pollution.
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Hareinda, Ngoudzeu Lontsi, Hassana Boukar, Adjia Robert, Talba Dalatou e Ibrahima Adamou. "Pollution Assessment of Two Urban Soils in the City of Ngaoundere, Cameroon". Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 27, n. 9 (7 agosto 2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9707.
Abstract (sommario):
Urban soils contain high concentrations of both inorganic and organic pollutants due to anthropogenic activities that compromise their physicochemical quality. The aim of the present study is to assess the contamination level of the soils around the central prison and the regional hospital of Ngaoundere (Cameroon) exploited for crop production. To achieve this objective, soil samples were collected from the surface at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-30 cm and were analysed to determine heavy metals level on one hand and the enrichment factor (EF) and the geo-accumulation index (IGEO) on the other hand to better assess the level of contamination. Results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in soils varied according to sites and ranged from 0.51±0.01 to 4.93±0.07 mg/kg for Cd, 10.57±0.01 to 99.47±0.80 mg/kg for Cu, 595.57±0.60 to 872.85±1.58 for Fe, 24.35±0.56 to 43.62±0.65 mg/kg for Ni, 35,25±0.26 to 307.21±0.32 mg/kg for Pb and 31.73±0.11 to 384.32±5.84 mg/kg for Zn. The sequence of heavy metal concentrations in the hospital and prison soils was as follows: Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Base on the IGEO and the EF the results showed, apart from iron, an accumulation of various metals in both prison and hospital soils. These soils are not suitable for crop production because there is a risk of contamination of the human food chain.
25
Sun, Linhua. "POLLUTION ASSESSMENT AND SOURCE APPROXIMATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE FARMLAND SOIL NEAR THE TRAFFICWAY". Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 28, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2020.11745.
Abstract (sommario):
The traffic related environmental pollution problems have attracted a lot of attention. In this study, contents of eight trace elements along with Fe and Mn in the farmland soil near a trafficway of Suzhou, Anhui province, China have been measured for the pollution assessment and source identification (along with quantification). The results show that iron is the most abundant element, followed by manganese, zinc, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, arsenic, cobalt and cadmium. They have coefficients of variation range between 0.028 and 0.281, indicating that some of them might have multi-sources. The pollution indexes (including single pollution, geo-accumulation and the Nemerow composite indexes) indicate that the soil samples are slightly polluted. Multivariate statistical analyses (including correlation, cluster and factor analyses) have identified three sources (geogenic, traffic and agriculture related) responsible for the elemental concentrations in the soils. Moreover, the EPA Unmix model have calculated their mean contributions to be 33.4%, 33.2% and 33.3%, respectively.
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Worek, Jagoda, Xymena Badura, Anna Białas, Joanna Chwiej, Kamil Kawoń e Katarzyna Styszko. "Pollution from Transport: Detection of Tyre Particles in Environmental Samples". Energies 15, n. 8 (12 aprile 2022): 2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082816.
Abstract (sommario):
Transport is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution. More and more information has shown that one of the greatest sources of emissions from transport are emissions related to the release of microplastics from tyres. This is one of the most underestimated sources of emissions into the environment. In this study, environmental samples are analysed for the presence of these particles. For this purpose, optical methods and spectroscopic methods are used. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to identify synthetic rubber, most likely derived from car tyres. A complementary confocal microscopy method is used to confirm the FTIR results. The soil samples and road dust from the areas with heavy traffic are tested. An average of 372 ± 50 fragments per kilogram dry weight are detected in the soil samples. In the case of samples from the road, this number is 515 ± 20 fragments per kilogram of dry matter. In the samples, most of the microplastics come from tyres, which confirms the scientists’ assumptions about the amount of emissions in the environment. More than 90% of the black fragments later identified as tyre-derived synthetic rubber are found in the samples. A greater number of microplastics are found in road dust samples than in the soil. This may be due to the direct influence of braking, which causes greater accumulation of samples at the emission source than at a short distance into the soil. There is also a noticeable difference in the size of the fraction. In the case of soils, a fraction below 50 µm accounts for the majority of cases. When one analyses road dust samples, one may observe that most of the fractions are between 50 and 200 µm. This may be due to the possibility of smaller emission particles over longer distances and the greater degradation process that occurs in soils. The microplastics from the road dust are less degraded than the microplastics from the soil.
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Akesh, Ammar Ashour. "ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR HEAVY METALS POLLUTION IN SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT FOR SELECTED RIVERS OF BASRAH GOVERNORATE". Kufa Journal of Engineering 8, n. 2 (17 luglio 2017): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/821165.
Abstract (sommario):
Concentration of 2 heavy metals; lead and mercury (Pb and Hg) in rivers and sediments soil were studied at different sites in Basrah. In this study, the effect of lead and mercury pollutions is studied together with determining their locations in the surface water and sediments at some areas in the South of Iraq (Basrah Governorate) particularly in the upper areas of the Arabian Gulf and in its northern part. These seven locations are: Qurnah, Madinah, Deir, Ashar, Abo Al–Khasib, Zubair and Um Qasir. The effect of the lead and mercury concentration on surface water and sediments analysed during 2014-2015 quarterly. Standardized method have been followed in analysing and comparison the surface water standards and sediment soil just to determine the percentage of lead and mercury pollution and assesse the values with standard pollution index. Overall concentrations of Pb in the rivers ranged from 0.44-4.5 mg/l for surface water and soil sediment samples ranged from 0.0-7.36 mg/kg, and for Hg in the rivers from 0.0003-0.006 mg/l and soil sediment samples ranged from 0.0005-0.009 mg/kg. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface water and soil display the following decreasing trend: Pb>Hg. From this result, found that levels of heavy metal in surface water and soil near industrial areas give higher value compared with other locations in Basrah. The Pollution index revealed that Pb and Hg give low contamination. The highest concentrations values are recorded in Abo Al-Khasib (7.63 ppm) for the underground sediments, the lowest concentrations values are recorded in Madina for the depth sediments. The highest concentrations are recorded in Al-Deer (0.009 ppm) for the mercury pollution. Results of combined heavy metal concentration and heavy metal assessment indicate that industrial activities and traffic emission represent most important sources for Hg and Pb. The pollution Index were calculated for the two pollutants concentrations at the rivers and soils.
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Trifonova, T. A., I. N. Kurochkin e Yu N. Kurbatov. "Heavy metals in soils of various functional zones of urbanized territories: assessment of the content and environmental risk". Theoretical and Applied Ecology, n. 2 (26 giugno 2023): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-2-038-046.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to analyze heavy metal pollution of urbanized soils of the city of Vladimir, the selection and study of soil samples was carried out. Soil samples were analyzed for lead, zinc, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt and chromium. The obtained indicators were compared with the maximum permissible concentrations and background values. The regularities between the proximity of the studied sites to industrial enterprises and the concentration of heavy metals in the soil are established. The coefficients of accumulation of heavy metals in soils have been calculated and metals that are priority pollutants with the highest accumulation coefficient have been identified. By calculating the total accumulation index of heavy metals, the territory of the city is differentiated by the degree of danger. The calculation of such indicators as: the general pollution index PLI, the indicator of potential environmental risk PERI, the Nemerow pollution index (NPI). It has been established that lead, arsenic and zinc are priority pollutants. The use of various calculated parameters of pollution allowed us to reveal a more detailed picture of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the soils of urban landscapes under the influence of a strong anthropogenic load. Despite the differences in the calculation of the indices, a high correlation was found between the values of the total pollution index (Zc), the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) and the potential environmental risk index (PERI). The degree of soil contamination of various functional zones according to the indicator of potential environmental risk and the general pollution index PLI increases in the following series: zones of multi-storey buildings < zones of green spaces < zones of transport infrastructure < zones of low-rise buildings < industrial zones.
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Esteban, Encarna, e José Albiac. "Salinity Pollution Control in the Presence of Farm Heterogeneity — An Empirical Analysis". Water Economics and Policy 02, n. 02 (giugno 2016): 1650017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x1650017x.
Abstract (sommario):
The expansion of intensive agriculture has created substantial pollution loads in many water basins worldwide. Irrigation generates percolation and leaching of salts and other damaging substances from soils into water bodies. These pollution emissions from irrigated agriculture are non-point, precluding the identification of the polluter, the location of the source, and the amount of the emission loads. There is a large body of literature analyzing different instruments to deal with non-point pollution problems. However, the implementation of the regulations is not an easy task due to the particular characteristics of this type of emissions. Most of the regulations are based on the assumption that emission damage functions are the same for all farms and receiving media; however, different pollution damage functions are the more likely scenario. In this paper, we empirically analyze the welfare losses from using a uniform instrument to control non-point salinity pollution loads coming from farms with different soils and related biophysical processes. The paper shows how, in the presence of differentiated pollution damage functions, a uniform economic instrument for all users can lead to sizable welfare losses. The results highlight that no regulation, in presence of farms heterogeneity and when differentiated instruments cannot be implemented, could be a better option in terms of social welfare compared with the implementation of a uniform instrument. This finding clearly calls for deeper knowledge of and better information about the related biophysical processes before implementing non-point pollution regulations.
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Pashkevich, M., J. Bech, V. Matveeva e A. Alekseenko. "Biogeochemical assessment of soils and plants in industrial, residential and recreational areas of Saint Petersburg". Journal of Mining Institute 241 (25 febbraio 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2020.1.125.
Abstract (sommario):
Soils and plants of Saint Petersburg are under the constant technogenic stress caused by human activity in industrial, residential, and recreational landscapes of the city. To assess the transformed landscapes of various functional zones, we studied utility, housing, and park districts with a total area of over 7,000 hectares in the southern part of the city during the summer seasons of 2016-2018. Throughout the fieldwork period, 796 individual pairs of soil and plant samples were collected.A complex of consequent laboratory studies performed in an accredited laboratory allowed the characterization of key biogeochemical patterns of urban regolith specimens and herbage samples of various grasses. Chemical analyses provided information on the concentrations of polluting metals in soils and plants of different land use zones.Data interpretation and calculation of element accumulation factors revealed areas with the most unfavorable environmental conditions. We believe that a high pollution level in southern city districts has led to a significant degree of physical, chemical, and biological degradation of the soil and vegetation cover. As of today, approximately 10 % of the Technosols in the study area have completely lost the ability to biological self-revitalization, which results in ecosystem malfunction and the urgent need for land remediation.
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Sarı, Hüseyin. "Tekirdağ İli Çorlu İlçesinde Belediye Katı Atık Depolama Alanı Çevresindeki Tarım Alanlarının Besin Elementi İçeriklerinin CBS Kullanılarak İncelenmesi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, n. 2 (24 febbraio 2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i2.377-383.2372.
Abstract (sommario):
Municipal waste repositories in which municipal wastes were stored haphazardly reduce life quality of surrounding environment and generate damages on soils and water resources. The hazardous materials in these wastes stored in those repositories are spread around, accumulated in soils and leached into groundwater. In this study, potential polluting impacts of Çorlu uncontrolled waste repository, which has long been used as uncontrolled municipal waste repository, on surrounding agricultural fields were investigated. Soil samples were taken from the agricultural fields between the water repository and Çorlu creek. Totally 66 soil samples were taken from 3 different depth segments of 22 locations with different distances from the waste repository. Totally 14 plant samples were also taken from different locations. Soil and plant samples were subjected to Mg, K, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn analyses. Spatial distribution maps were generated for macro and micro nutrients with the aid of GIS technology for better comprehension of the experimental data. Present findings revealed that there were not any correlations between the element contents and the distance from the waste repository. Undulated topography and leach outs through spring precipitations resulted in different element concentrations in different locations of the experimental site. Experimental soils had a texture ranging from sandy loam to clay. The locations with greater clay contents had relatively greater element concentrations. According to pollution classification of the soils, Cu and Zn levels of the present samples were below the threshold values. Plant Mn, Cu and Zn levels were also below the threshold values.
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Sohor, Andrii, Andrii Brydun e Anton Buha. "WEB CARTOGRAPHY OF SOIL QUALITY IN LVIV REGION". Technical Sciences and Technologies, n. 3(29) (2022): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2022-3(29)-169-177.
Abstract (sommario):
A web map of soil pollution in Lviv region was developed.To create the web map of soil quality in Lvivregion, we used a very convenient and popular platform “ArcGIS Online”. For our case, Excel tables were developed: soil samples from the places of pollution by industrial enterprises and landfills provided by the Department of Instrumental and Laboratory Control of the State Ecological Inspectorate in Lviv region; content analyses of labile forms of salts of heavy metals in soil samples; observations on the quality of agricultural soils in Lviv region.
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DOREAU, M., R. BAUMONT e J. M. PEREZ. "Avant-propos". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n. 5 (8 dicembre 2011): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.5.3274.
Abstract (sommario):
Les impacts environnementaux liés aux productions animales sont pris en considération depuisau moins deux décennies. Mais jusqu’à une date récente, ils étaient considérés comme des «dommagescollatéraux» résultant de la nécessité de nourrir la planète. Depuis le rapport de la FAO«Livestock’s long shadow» (Steinfeld et al 2006), les préoccupations environnementales liées enparticulier aux gaz à effet de serre (GES) ont pris une importance croissante auprès des acteursdes filières animales et des décideurs politiques. Elles sont désormais au centre de la réflexion surle développement de l’élevage. En témoignent des documents dépassant le cadre de l’agriculturecomme la publication des propositions du «Grenelle 2» par le gouvernement français, ou la feuillede route de l’Union Européenne pour une baisse drastique des émissions de gaz carbonique àl’échéance de 2050. En fait, le problème est planétaire, car la consommation mondiale de produitsanimaux augmente, tendance appelée à se poursuivre en raison de l’évolution démographiqueet de l’accroissement de la part des produits animaux dans l’alimentation dans les pays endéveloppement et émergents (Gerber et al 2011).
La revue INRA Productions animales a publié depuis plusieurs années de nombreux articlesrelatifs aux relations entre élevage et environnement, analysées sous divers angles. Récemmentdes articles relatifs aux polluants ou aux aspects environnementaux plus globaux ont été publiésdans le cadre de trois numéros thématiques : «Porcherie verte» avec notamment des articles surles éléments à risque et les émissions gazeuses lors de la gestion des effluents (Bonneau et al2008a, b), «Les nouveaux enjeux de la nutrition et de l’alimentation du porc» avec un article surles relations entre nutrition et excrétion de polluants (Dourmad et al 2009), et «Elevage en régionschaudes» avec un article consacré aux impacts et services environnementaux (Blanfort et al2011). Des articles ont également été publiés sur la quantification des émissions de méthane parles animaux d’élevage en France (Vermorel et al 2008) et sur la modélisation des émissions deméthane chez les ruminants (Sauvant et al 2009). Enfin, les moyens de réduire les rejets porcinset avicoles par la génétique ont été analysés (Mignon-Grasteau et al 2010). A signaler aussi lenuméro spécial «Elevage bio» en 2009, qui analysait les systèmes d’élevage biologique sans toutefoisdiscuter leurs avantages au plan environnemental.
La réduction des émissions de GES par l’élevage est devenue un enjeu majeur des recherchessur les systèmes d’élevage et en nutrition animale. Ce dossier composé de quatre articles estconsacré aux GES en élevage bovin en mettant l’accent sur le méthane. En effet dans la plupartdes systèmes laitiers et à viande, le méthane est le gaz à effet de serre qui contribue le plus auxémissions, exprimées en équivalent gaz carbonique, comme le montre le premier article (Dollé etal 2011) qui replace les émissions de méthane dans l’ensemble des émissions de gaz à effet deserre. Un travail considérable a été réalisé pour évaluer et comparer les systèmes français, et lesINRA Productions Animales, 2011, numéro 5situer dans un contexte plus global : depuis quelques années les émissions induites par des systèmesd’élevage très divers sont étudiées dans le monde, principalement en Europe. Le deuxièmearticle (Sauvant et al 2011) analyse les relations étroites entre la production de méthane et les fermentationsdans le rumen selon la nature du régime alimentaire, puis discute la précision des principaleséquations empiriques de prévision de la production de méthane, ainsi que des modèlesmécanistes qui ont été développés. Des voies d’amélioration sont proposées. Dans un troisièmearticle (Popova et al 2011), les mécanismes de production de méthane dans le rumen sont analysés.Un intérêt particulier est porté au rôle des Archaea méthanogènes, microorganismes qui constituentun domaine spécifique du règne vivant et qui sont les seuls à produire du méthane à partirde l’hydrogène. La compréhension des mécanismes est un élément majeur pour prévoir les effetspossibles d’une ration, d’un additif, d’une biotechnologie sur la production de méthane. Laconnaissance actuelle de ces effets est présentée dans un quatrième article (Doreau et al 2011),centré sur les résultats obtenus in vivo. Il est en effet important de confronter les annonces faitesà partir d’essais in vitro, ou d’un seul essai in vivo mené sur le court terme, aux résultats d’étudesapprofondies reposant sur une base expérimentale solide.
Ce dossier dresse un bilan des recherches et de l’état des connaissances sur le méthane entérique,et mentionne les principaux leviers d’action pour réduire les émissions des trois principauxgaz à effet de serre. Une vision plus large nécessiterait le développement d’aspects complémentaires.En premier lieu, celui des émissions de méthane et de protoxyde d’azote liées aux effluents.Elles sont toutefois très mal connues et éminemment variables, comme l’ont souligné Hassounaet al (2010) qui ont développé une méthode permettant de les évaluer en bâtiments. En deuxièmelieu, l'impact des nombreuses voies permettant de réduire les émissions de protoxyde d'azote auchamp doit être évalué. Ainsi, serait nécessaire une analyse portant sur les différents moyens permettantde limiter la fertilisation azotée minérale (fertilisation «de précision», recours aux légumineuses,inhibition des réactions de nitrification/dénitrification dans les sols, meilleure gestiondu pâturage…) qui sont seulement évoqués dans le texte de Dollé et al (2011). Enfin, la séquestrationde carbone par les prairies doit être prise en compte dans l’analyse de la contribution desélevages de ruminants au réchauffement climatique. Les valeurs actuellement retenues sont probablementsous-estimées (Soussana et al 2010), mais les résultats récents mettent en évidence unetrès grande variabilité de ce stockage de carbone, liée non seulement au type de végétation et auxconditions pédologiques, mais aussi, entre autres, au type d’exploitation par les animaux et auxaléas climatiques (Klumpp et al 2011).
Le réchauffement climatique est actuellement considéré par les médias et les décideurs politiquescomme l’urgence en termes de protection de notre environnement. Cela ne doit pas faireoublier qu’il est nécessaire de prendre en compte simultanément l’épuisement de certaines ressourcescomme l’énergie fossile et les phosphates, la raréfaction des réserves en eau, la compétitionpour les surfaces agricoles, et la pollution de l’air, des sols et de l’eau par différentes moléculesminérales et organiques. L’analyse des impacts environnementaux, en tant que composantede la durabilité des systèmes d’élevage, doit donc être multifactorielle et prendre également encompte les services environnementaux et sociétaux de l’élevage, une activité qui fait vivre plusd’un milliard d’habitants de notre planète.
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Odunaike, Kola. "Heavy Metals Pollutions within Lagos South Western Nigeria". BASRA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 40, n. 1 (3 giugno 2022): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29072/basjs.20220114.
Abstract (sommario):
Environmental pollution is a global phenomenon which could results from both natural and anthropogenic activities which has resulted to several health and physiological problems in both plants and animals. Dump sites’ soils of and Borehole waters from Ojota, Ebutte-Meta, Igando and Bariga in Lagos state were analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data obtained were further subjected to contamination factor and pollution indices analyses. The results obtained showed lead (Pb) to be most concentrated in the soils and ranged from 0.22 ppm to 2.50 ppm, this was followed by the value recorded for zinc (Zn) which was between 0.0015 ppm to 0.020 ppm. The least observed metal in all the soil sample stations was nickel (Ni) which ranged from 0.001 ppm to 0.010 ppm. On the other hand, only water samples from Ojota and Ebutte-Meta were detectable with Pb concentration values of 0.38 ppm and 0.0028 ppm, Ni concentration values of 0.0052 ppm and 0.009 ppm, Zn concentration values of 0.0039 ppm and 0.0020 ppm respectively. On subjecting the concentration of the heavy metals to contamination factor (CF) revealed very slight contamination of the different soils from different areas. There was also very slight contamination of the waters from Ojota and Ebutte-Meta by metals, except for Igando and Bariga that were moderately and severely contaminated by the metals respectively. The Pollution Index (PI) showed that the soils and waters samples are unpolluted with the heavy metals.
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Nguyen, Thuy C., Paripurnanda Loganathan, Tien V. Nguyen, Thi T. N. Pham, Jaya Kandasamy, Michael Wu, Ravi Naidu e Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran. "Trace elements in road-deposited and waterbed sediments in Kogarah Bay, Sydney: enrichment, sources and fractionation". Soil Research 53, n. 4 (2015): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14163.
Abstract (sommario):
Trace elements (TEs) in road-deposited sediments (RDS) can be transported by stormwater to neighbouring water bodies to cause aquatic pollution. A study was conducted in Kogarah Bay, Sydney, Australia, to assess the possible sources and potential mobility of TEs in RDS and the contribution to the TE load to the adjacent waterbed sediments in canals and the bay. Of the 11 TEs analysed, pseudo-total concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), and antimony (Sb) were greatly enriched in RDS over baseline soils (top 10 cm depth) collected in bushlands. All TE concentrations in waterbed sediments (top 10 cm depth) were similar to those in baseline soils but lower than in RDS. Correlation and principal component analyses revealed that Zn, Cu, Cr and Sb were related to each other in RDS, and probably originated from tyres and brake linings. Vanadium occurred in another component, likely to have originated mainly from road asphalt. Pseudo-total and mobile-fraction (0.1 m acetic acid, pH 2.85 extraction) TE concentrations in RDS were: iron > manganese, Zn > Cu, lead > Cr, nickel, V, Sb, cadmium. The potential ecological TE risk was low to medium in RDS but low in baseline soils and waterbed sediments.
36
Golovkin, S. S., M. N. Shevtsov, A. F. Makhinova e A. I. Makhinov. "Assessment of the Ecological State of Soils Near the Platinum Deposit". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2022): 022009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022009.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The research is devoted to the ecological state of soil resources in the area of the Konder platinum placer deposit in the Khabarovsk Territory. The environmental impact of the Konder mine activities was established based on chemical analyses performed. In general, the study has demonstrated that the Konder field development and operation cause a complex multicomponent pollution of the landscapes. The pollution is more than local in nature, since the environmental problem related to violation of soil resources and to chemical contamination of soils and natural watercourses in areas of mineral development is becoming increasingly acute. As a result of the studies, geochemical features of the soil space and the main sources and factors of the soil contamination have been determined.
37
Yergeau, Etienne, Mélanie Arbour, Roland Brousseau, David Juck, John R. Lawrence, Luke Masson, Lyle G. Whyte e Charles W. Greer. "Microarray and Real-Time PCR Analyses of the Responses of High-Arctic Soil Bacteria to Hydrocarbon Pollution and Bioremediation Treatments". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, n. 19 (14 agosto 2009): 6258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01029-09.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT High-Arctic soils have low nutrient availability, low moisture content, and very low temperatures and, as such, they pose a particular problem in terms of hydrocarbon bioremediation. An in-depth knowledge of the microbiology involved in this process is likely to be crucial to understand and optimize the factors most influencing bioremediation. Here, we compared two distinct large-scale field bioremediation experiments, located at the Canadian high-Arctic stations of Alert (ex situ approach) and Eureka (in situ approach). Bacterial community structure and function were assessed using microarrays targeting the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria found in cold environments and hydrocarbon degradation genes as well as quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR targeting key functional genes. The results indicated a large difference between sampling sites in terms of both soil microbiology and decontamination rates. A rapid reorganization of the bacterial community structure and functional potential as well as rapid increases in the expression of alkane monooxygenases and polyaromatic hydrocarbon-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases were observed 1 month after the bioremediation treatment commenced in the Alert soils. In contrast, no clear changes in community structure were observed in Eureka soils, while key gene expression increased after a relatively long lag period (1 year). Such discrepancies are likely caused by differences in bioremediation treatments (i.e., ex situ versus in situ), weathering of the hydrocarbons, indigenous microbial communities, and environmental factors such as soil humidity and temperature. In addition, this study demonstrates the value of molecular tools for the monitoring of polar bacteria and their associated functions during bioremediation.
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Mbadugha, Lenka, Duncan Cowper, Sapar Dossanov e Graeme I. Paton. "Geogenic and anthropogenic interactions at a former Sb mine: environmental impacts of As and Sb". Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, n. 11 (7 luglio 2020): 3911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00652-w.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Mining activities are acknowledged to introduce contaminants into localised environments and cause wider spread diffuse pollution. The concentration, distribution and fate of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) were studied at the former metalliferous Louisa Mine at Glendinning, Scotland. Soils and surface water were sampled and subsequently analysed to map the distribution of contamination and identify pollution sources. The maximum concentrations of As and Sb of 15,490 and 1504.2 mg kg−1, respectively, were determined in soils associated with the ore processing area and spoil heaps. The fractions of dissolved As and Sb in soils were < 1 and < 5% of total soil content, respectively, confirming findings of previous studies that As and Sb are relatively immobile. Yet, the concentrations of As and Sb released by soils exceeded regulatory limits. Concentrations of As and Sb in surface water in the immediate vicinity of the mine were impacted by a gully discharge, but rapidly diluted. While the concentrations affected by the run-off waters did not exceed EU environmental standards for freshwater, the concentrations of both, As and Sb, sharply increased above the said environmental standards approximately 100 m downstream of the mine site. The unaltered As-to-Sb ratio in water samples suggests a geogenic source. While there is a justifiable concern about the soil pollution caused by the historic mining in the area, the Glenshanna Burn is affected more by indigenous geochemical processes than the derelict mine.
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Tiller, KG, LH Smith, RH Merry e PM Clayton. "The dispersal of automotive lead from metropolitan Adelaide into adjacent rural areas". Soil Research 25, n. 2 (1987): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870155.
Abstract (sommario):
About 600 surface samples and key horizons of 240 soil profiles from a 90 x 20 km study area extending from the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, to its rural hinterland, were analysed for lead. Atmospheric fallout was collected monthly at 19 locations for 2 years, and up to 3 years at fewer sites in the same area. Lead in atmospheric fallout showed little year-to-year variation and tended to be seasonally controlled with highest values in winter. Collection of lead in fallout was unaffected by the filtering action of vegetation. The lead content of surface soils and atmospheric fallout showed that part of petrol-lead emitted within Adelaide from automotive exhausts has measurably contaminated the rural landscape to about 50 km downwind of the city. The variation in lead content of surface soils in the agricultural region near Adelaide can be largely explained in terms of accessions of aerosol-lead of automotive origin. This research complements previous investigations which showed that the lead isotopic compositions of selected soils were close to the composition of the lead tetraethyl used in South Australia. An environmental budget showed that only 3% of the lead in petrol burned in Adelaide has been dispersed via the atmosphere beyond the immediate highway zone, and deposited on the land surface within 50 km of the city centre. On the assumption that no more than 35% of the lead is retained within the vehicle, and that about half of the total burned lead is deposited near the roadway, the 30% of the total lead which cannot be accounted for (about 200 t at the time of this study) has probably dispersed beyond the study region and should be viewed as a contribution to continental and global pollution. Lead levels measured in rainfall, air and soils were low in relation to the accepted standards and experience. Although the lead levels were low, this investigation indicates the likely dispersal pattern of other pollutants with similar atmospheric residence times, and thus provides guidance to planning decisions concerning placement of polluting industries, and in relation to possible industrial accidents which cause pollution.
40
Kang, Tae-Woo, Hae Jong Yang, Won-Seok Lee, Bon-Jun Koo e Won-Pyo Park. "Accumulation and Origin of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in Citrus Orchard Soils in Jeju Island, South Korea: Potential Ecological Risks and Bioavailability". Water 15, n. 22 (14 novembre 2023): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15223951.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigated the accumulation of total phosphorus (TP) and heavy metals (HMs; Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in citrus orchard soils in Jeju Island, Korea, identifying potential soil pollution sources using statistical analysis. Anthropogenic HM pollution was evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors, whereas HM bioavailability was assessed via single extraction. TP, Zn, Cu, and Cr concentrations in citrus orchard topsoil were significantly higher than those in forestland soils, indicating their accumulation in the surface layer. Statistical analyses confirmed that elements with high concentrations were closely related to potential pollution sources accumulated on the surface layer of citrus orchards owing to agricultural activities. Particularly, Zn and Cu accumulation was confirmed to originate from intensive compost and pesticide use in citrus orchards. Cu showed the highest contamination and enrichment of all HMs. However, Zn and Cu fractions, determined via an availability assessment, were dominated by acid or complex compounds, indicating that labile Zn and Cu have potential bioavailability for plants. Nevertheless, their fractions accounted for a small proportion (mean < 15%). Therefore, despite the high pollution levels of Zn and Cu, their availabilities were extremely low, indicating a negligible bioavailability in crops and no impact on aquatic ecosystems.
41
Ramankevich, J. A. "DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SMALL TOWN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NESVIZH)". Nature Management, n. 1 (28 agosto 2022): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2079-3928-2022-1-56-70.
Abstract (sommario):
The results of geochemical studies of soils on the territory of Nesvizh are presented in the context of the distribution of heavy metals. Statistical data processing has been performed. For the purposes of the study, the regional and local geochemical background was calculated. The features of enrichment and pollution of urban soils by the studied components are revealed. The concentration coefficients and the total pollution coefficient are calculated. Monocomponent and polycomponent maps were constructed, reflecting the revealed regularities in the distribution of heavy metals. The results of correlation and factor analyses are presented. Associations of heavy metals, typical for the soils of the city, were revealed. Factor loadings are calculated. A graphical representation of the matrix of factor loadings is given. The factors responsible for the formation of the technogenic situation have been established, and their contribution has been determined. The map of factor loadings has been constructed. The interpretation of geochemical data both at the level of individual points and in the space of the entire city was carried out.
42
Suleymanov, Ruslan, Ekaterina Dorogaya, Aufar Gareev, Aleksandr Minnegaliev, Mansur Gaynanshin, Sergey Zaikin, Larisa Belan, Iren Tuktarova e Azamat Suleymanov. "Assessment of Chemical Properties, Heavy Metals, and Metalloid Contamination in Floodplain Soils under the Influence of Copper Mining: A Case Study of Sibay, Southern Urals". Ecologies 3, n. 4 (15 novembre 2022): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies3040039.
Abstract (sommario):
The ecotoxicological condition of soils around mining areas is most often unsatisfactory, which affects entire ecosystems and human health. This research sought to analyze the morphological, agrochemical properties, and content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) and metalloids (As) of soils located in a floodplain. The study was conducted within the city of Sibay (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The soil samples were collected from the floodplains of the rivers Karagayly and Khudolaz. According to morphological studies, the soil cover was represented by the Lithic Leptosols, Stagnic Phaeozems, and Fluvisols. The results showed that the soils were characterized by high values of organic matter, potassium, and low levels of phosphorus. Soils that were located away from the city in the Karagayly River were not contaminated. However, the floodplain areas pertaining to the urban district and located near the quarries were characterized by severe anthropogenic soil pollution, disrupted integrity of the soil cover, decreased vegetation, and accumulating labile forms of heavy metals and metalloids. The highest degree of pollution was observed in the floodplain soil of the river Khudolaz where all elements exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) level. Soils in the floodplain of the Karagayly river were marked by an increased degree of contamination of Zn: exceeding MPC by 1.6 times. With the trend toward an arid climate, the ecotoxicological condition of floodplain soils is an important challenge.
43
Huo, Aidi, Xing Wang, Zhixin Zhao, Luying Yang, Fangqian Zhong, Chunli Zheng e Ningbo Gao. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soils at the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 22 (14 novembre 2022): 14962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214962.
Abstract (sommario):
To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, a field investigation, sample collection and analysis of the heavy metal content in farmland soils at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains were conducted. Based on the comparative analysis of the single pollution index method, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, the geological accumulation index method, the potential ecological hazard index method, and the geological accumulation index method were used to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the risk of soil heavy metal pollution. The results showed that the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was severe, among which Hg and Cr pollution was relatively obvious. Taking the soil screening values of agricultural land as the standard, the quantity of element Hg in agricultural soils at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was higher than the relevant screening value. In the two sample sites investigated, the intensity of the heavy metal accumulation index in Baoqizhai Village was Hg > Cr > Cu > As > Pb, and in Dayangyu Village it was Cr > Cu > As > Pb. Among them, in Baoqizhai Village it shows the heavy pollution caused by Hg (Igeo= 3.42) and the light pollution caused by Cr (Igeo < 1) in the two areas. Hg is mostly affected by mining activities and its atmospheric subsidence. At the same time, Cr is mainly derived from the weathering of rock parent material and is also affected by anthropogenic factors to a certain extent. The accumulation of heavy metals in the farmland soil around the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was relatively high, posing a threat to the surrounding soil environment. Therefore, it is urgent to control farmland soil environmental pollution.
44
Watmough, Shaun A. "An evaluation of the use of dendrochemical analyses in environmental monitoring". Environmental Reviews 5, n. 3-4 (1 dicembre 1997): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a97-010.
Abstract (sommario):
Dendrochemical techniques have been used to monitor historical changes in soil and atmospheric chemistry since the early 1970s. The development of dendrochemistry in environmental monitoring was prompted by early studies which reported that changes in Pb deposition along roadsides and in industrial areas were reflected by changes in the Pb content of tree rings. Early studies were inconclusive; some authors have stated that tree-ring chemistry is not a useful indicator of pollution episodes and that some tree species are clearly better spatial indicators of pollution than historical monitors. This is due to a number of complicating factors, including potential radial translocation of elements, radial tendencies in element concentration from pith to bark, and physiological differences between heartwood and sapwood. A more detailed understanding of element cycling in trees is needed, as at present, the application of dendrochemistry to historical environmental monitoring is strongly dependent on the choice of tree species and the elements to be studied. There is no general consensus as to which tree species are best suited for dendrochemical studies. There are many reports in which the analyses of tree-ring chemistry have been successfully used to reconstruct trace-metal deposition from a variety of sources, including automobiles, metal refineries, and coal burning. Changes in tree-ring chemistry in recent decades have coincided with hypothesized changes in soil chemistry believed to be a result of acidic deposition onto poorly buffered soils. Indications of changes in groundwater quality, volcanic eruptions, and even climate change have been reported to be preserved in the chemical composition of tree rings. An improvement in analytical techniques has allowed multielement analysis on whole wood samples, with very low detection limits and extremely high spatial resolution, enabling intra-annual changes in element composition of tree rings to be determined. The application of dendrochemistry in environmental monitoring is promising, and with a more detailed understanding of nutrient and metal cycling in trees, dendrochemical studies will continue to provide useful information on historical pollution loadings and changes in soil and atmospheric chemistry that is unobtainable from any other source.
45
Yang, Qing Song, e Yan Zhao. "Concentrations and Pollution Assessment of Six Heavy Metals in Quercus aquifolioides Forest Soils". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (settembre 2013): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.184.
Abstract (sommario):
Concentrations characteristics of six heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb) in 7 soil sample from different loactions ofQuercus aquifolioidesfrest were investigated. The concentrations and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soils was assessed when compared to the background values of heavy metals in three different soils, i.e. total, yellow-brown and yellow soils in China. The average concentration of heavy metals inQuercus aquifolioidessoils was in the order Mn>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd, while the average concentrations of all examined heavy metals were lower than those in the Environmental Quality Standard for Soil (grade I) in China. In all examined heavy metals, Mn (474.7mg/kg) had the highest average concentration and Cd (0.039mg/kg) had the lowest one, with variation coefficients ranged 33-87% for the six heavy metals. Correlation analyses showed that the three heavy metals (Cu, Mn and Pb) probably came from the same resources, and so did of Cr and Pb. Comprehensive pollution indices (0.57-1.71) indicated theQuercus aquifolioidessoils were slightly polluted by the six heavy metals and ecological risk indices (8.42-51.0) also show the situation of heavy metals was in the slight level in the soils. Among the examined heavy metals, Cu and Cr were two main heavy metals who making pollution and potential ecological risk to the soils.
46
Hertek, S. G., e V. I. Tatarenko. "Creation of 3d model of the object for real estate cadastre purposes". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 6 (18 maggio 2022): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-6-275-280.
Abstract (sommario):
This article describes the effects of waste on the environment, the problem of environmental pollution by landfills, the amount of waste is growing every year, solid municipal waste. Under the influence of atmospheric air, water and biota, various biochemical and chemical processes occur in these soils, which emit heat and form biogas and filtrates. The need to monitor the state and pollution of the atmosphere. Sampling and analysis of filtrate, groundwater pollution, waste recycling. The results of the monitoring are used to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of waste disposal facilities on the environment, education standards, waste disposal limits. The need for container sites, the separation of garbage by types and groups, the environmental benefits of operating sites, waste recycling and recycling companies are described, the result will be a reduction in environmental pollution, the production of secondary raw materials.
47
Gattullo, Concetta Eliana, Ignazio Allegretta, Carlo Porfido, Ida Rascio, Matteo Spagnuolo e Roberto Terzano. "Assessing chromium pollution and natural stabilization processes in agricultural soils by bulk and micro X-ray analyses". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, n. 18 (23 aprile 2020): 22967–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08857-3.
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Samuel, B., S. Solomon, F. Daniel, G. M. Zinabu e G. Riise. "Heavy Metals Contamination of Soil in the Vicinity of Hawassa Industrial Zone, Ethiopia". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, n. 8 (9 settembre 2020): 1447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i8.21.
Abstract (sommario):
Industrial effluents, containing heavy metals, drain directly into downstream water sources within the Hawassa Industrial Zone. These, water sources are used for irrigation, drinking water and other domestic purposes. The load of pollutants, environmental risks and potential human impacts are generally, unknown for soil in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution of soil within the Hawassa Industrial Zone and to evaluate environmental impacts using contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mCd), ecological risk factor (Er), ecological risk index (ERI) and pollution load index (PLI) analyses. Seven heavy metals: Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were determined in soil samples from three different sites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Average concentration of metals decreased in the order of Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd consistent with the normal order of abundance in non-polluted soils. One way ANOVA revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of Cu, As, Cd and Pb among the sampling sites. Pearson’s correlation, principal component and cluster analyses revealed that heavy metals are originating from different sources. Within the industrial area, the CF increased in the order of Pb<Cd<Zn<As<Cu<Cr<Ni. The result of Cd revealed that there was considerable to very high contamination of the soil. The mCd index showed moderate contamination of the soils. The Er increased in the order of Zn<Cr<Pb<Cu<Ni<As<Cd and the result of the ERI value revealed considerable ecological risk for the soils. Overall, the study showed that the soils within the Hawassa Industrial Zone are highly contaminated with heavy metals. Therefore, regular monitoring of heavy metals concentration in soil and policy interventions with respect to waste disposal are recommended.
Keywords: Heavy metals, potential ecological risks, pollution load index, soil
49
Hu, Qirong, Jinbao Li, Yongzhi Wang, Pengcheng Huang e Xuemin He. "Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Grassland Soils under Different Management Modes in Altay, Xinjiang". Agronomy 13, n. 10 (16 ottobre 2023): 2621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102621.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to study the characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution within different grassland soil categories in Altay, 147 soil samples were collected in Fuyun County according to grassland type, and the contents of seven heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, Ni, and Cd) were determined. The heavy metal pollution in the soil was evaluated using the Nemerow pollution and geological accumulation index methods. The absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR) model was used to analyze the sources of heavy metals and the contribution rate of the pollution sources. The results showed that (1) the heavy metal content of 0~10 cm soil in the mining area was generally higher than the remaining two layers. Natural grassland was the most seriously contaminated, and the order of its contamination was Zn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu > Cr > As. (2) The evaluation results of the comprehensive pollution index showed that Ni and Cd were the main pollutants in five grassland types, and the evaluation results of the geological accumulation index method showed that natural grasslands were more polluted. (3) Three pollution sources were obtained according to the analysis using the APCS-MLR model, including natural and mining activity sources (32.6%), industrial coal combustion and sewage sources (24.7%), and an unknown source (42.7%). The results of the study can provide a basis for pollution control and ecological protection in the grasslands of Altay.
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Chirenje, Tait, L. Q. Ma e E. J. Zillioux. "Determining Arsenic Distribution in Urban Soils: A Comparison with Nonurban Soils". Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.187.
Abstract (sommario):
There are many challenges in the determination of arsenic background concentrations in soils. However, these challenges are magnified when those determinations are carried out on urban soils. Irrespective of this, it is important to correctly identify and understand the extent of pollution in order to provide efficient preventative, remedial actions and cost-effective management of contaminated areas. This review paper discusses the factors that make the determination of arsenic background concentrations in urban areas different from similar determinations in nonurban areas. It also proposes solutions, where applicable, that are based on experience in determining arsenic background concentrations in both urban and nonurban areas in Florida, and from other studies in the literature. Urban soils are considerably different from nonurban areas because they have significant human disturbance, making them more difficult to study. They are characterized by high spatial and temporal variability, compaction, and modified chemical and physical characteristics. These differences have to be addressed during site selection, sample collection, and statistical analyses when determining arsenic distribution.