Tesi sul tema "Sol, Mouvements du, et construction"
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Abdallah, Mouhammed Verdel Thierry. "Vulnérabilité des ouvrages en maçonnerie à des mouvements de terrain méthodologie d'analyse par méthodes statistiques et par plans d'expériences numériques sur les données de la ville de Joeuf /". S. l. : INPL, 2009. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2009_ABDALLAH_M.pdf.
Testo completoCatz, Jacques. "Le Risque du sol dans le règlement des marchés de travaux publics et privés". Lille : A.N.R.T, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361053263.
Testo completoIdris, Jamal Piguet Jack-Pierre Verdel Thierry. "Accidents géotechniques des tunnels et des ouvrages souterrains - Méthodes analytiques pour le retour d'expérience et la modélisation numérique". S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_IDRIS_J.pdf.
Testo completoVinet, Louis. "Typologie et prévention des risques et accidents géotechniques en site urbain : Les collines de la ville de Lyon entre 1977 et 1990". Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0062.
Testo completoWork carried out with the aim of summing up activities concerning the stability of Lyons hill slopes from 1977 to 1990, beginning with the presentation of geographical, geological and hydro-geological context of the bills. The factors at the origin of risks of ground movement are detailed as well as a typology of accidents on the bases of concrete cases. A municipal policy of risk prevention was developed during this period. The different stages of the evolution of the situation are listed and prevention and treatment methods are presented. Finally to have a better understanding of risks in the Lyons area the district has been divided into similar sectors where the risk factors and the nature of possible accidents are clearly indicated. A description of the principal accidents during the period and a résumé of the activities of the municipal commission charged with these matters are appended
Vaillant, Jean-Michel. "Étude hiérarchique de l'interaction sol-fondations-structure". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-51.pdf.
Testo completoVanoudheusden, Emilie. "Impact de la construction de tunnels urbains sur les mouvements de sol et le bâti existant : incidence du mode de pressurisation du front". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0112/these.pdf.
Testo completoThe expansion of cities shows the necessity to expand underground networks. The pressurized-face tunnel excavation technique is a new technique, which suffers from research consultancy lacks in validity of computations. In the intention to create dimensions tools it is first necessary to observe what happens during excavation works. This research aimed to point the impact of tunnels construction in urban areas on soils and buildings regarding the case of excavations made with TBM for subway line B of Toulouse. This site perfectly fitted to our problematic since three confining methods were used (air, mud, and earth pressure) in a nearly homogeneous geological and geotechnical environment along thirteen kilometers. Our observations allow us to evaluate the consequences of the use of a TBM and to compare the different methods of pressurization. The installation of measurement devices on several specific sections along the line permits the observation of soil mass moves before, during and after the digging. It shows an atypical behavior of Toulouse’s molasses, a phenomenon understood thanks to the initial overconsolidated state. It also shows the local influence the driving of the tunnel digger has on soil moves. As to earth-pressure and mud-pressure balance machines, the correlation between tunnel excavation parameters and vertical movements at the surface has been closely examined. This linked analysis permits us to settle a methodology to identify the more influent parameters on soil moves for each method
Boubou, Rim. "Prise en compte du mode de pressurisation du front et de la géologie dans l'étude de l'impact du creusement de tunnels". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Testo completoTunnels excavated in urban zones are generally shallow tunnels for technical and economic reasons. The construction of this kind of tunnels can not be realised without having an impact on the surrounding ground and consequently on the buildings at ground surface. The use of new construction methods such as shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) enables to control ground deformations and to guarantee stability in variable geological contexts. In order to ensure an optimal performance of the TBM, it is necessary to well identify the role of its operation parameters during the various construction phases. The consideration of these parameters which are different by their functions remains difficult to achieve in the excavation analysis performed by traditional methods (such as numerical simulation with the Finite Element Method). The objective of this work is thus to propose and evaluate a methodology based on the artificial neural networks (ANN) to determine the most influential operation parameters of pressurized face TBM on the shape and the amplitude of ground surface displacements. Based on these parameters and on geological and geometrical conditions, this methodology will be also used to predict displacements generated by the excavation. The methodology is applied on the particular case of the subway line B tunnel of Toulouse. Different types of TBM (earth pressure balanced, slurry and compressed air machine) were used for the excavation of the 12. 6 km long tunnel mainly in the Toulouse “molasses”, a highly overconsolidated and heterogeneous soil. The analyses are based on the measurements obtained from the work site during the METROTOUL research project considering the three different excavation techniques. ANNs are employed firstly in the simple case of Contract 3 excavated by a compressed air TBM to analyze the effect of the various soil types on the performance of the TBM (air losses). Then, the proposed methodology is developed to analyze the large number of TBM operation parameters required by the two other TBM types in order to predict ground movements. To do so, it is assumed that the geology is homogeneous and therefore does not have an effect on the shape and amplitude of the ground movements. Finally, a global analysis allows to correlate ground movements to the tunnel geology and to the various TBM operation parameters. The form and the amplitude of the ground surface displacements are reproduced by the ANN which allowed also to identify the most influential parameters on these displacements
Vanoudheusden, Emilie Kastner Richard. "Impact de la construction de tunnels urbains sur les mouvements de sol et le bâti existant incidence du mode de pressurisation du front /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=vanoudheusden.
Testo completoBurlon, Sébastien. "Modélisation numérique des mouvements du sol induits par des excavations et des injections de compensation". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-213.pdf.
Testo completoHor, Boramy. "Évaluation et réduction des conséquences des mouvements de terrains sur le bâti : approches expérimentale et numérique". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737787.
Testo completoMerad, Myriam Mokhtari. "Apport des méthodes d'aide multicritère à la décision pour l'analyse et la gestion des risques liés aux mouvements de terrains induits par les ouvrages souterrains". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090016.
Testo completoKahi, Elio El. "Comportement des ouvrages soumis à des tassements différentiels : Prise en compte des incertitudes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0007.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to study the behavior of structures subjected to differential settlement, taking into consideration different sources of uncertainties. Ground movements may have different “sources” (origins), such as the influence of nearby excavations (tunnels), and the presence of underground voids (mining subsidence, sinkhole, etc.). These sources will induce the settlement of soil and its displacement. The soil settlement produced by the ground movements will affect the nearby structure, which will cause the structure movement and its possible damage. This thesis, presented in “papers’ form” has the intention of evaluating the influence of uncertainties based on analytical, numerical and experimental approaches. At first, this study starts by developing an analytical model to study the effect of some important variabilities/uncertainties (soil profile deformation form, soil behavior (elastic/elastoplastic), variability of building stiffness, etc.). Then, a numerical model is developed in order to confirm some particular results given by the analytical model. Finally, an experimental model is dedicated to characterize one important uncertainty in particular, the variability of the structure stiffness, and to study its influence on the transmission of the ground movement. The main results are the evaluation of confidence intervals that consider the effect of these uncertainties on the structure response affecting the soil-structure interaction (SSI) phenomenon, and the development of a methodology to quantify the impact of uncertainties on the estimation of the deflection transmission rate
Assadollahi, Tejaragh Hossein. "L’impact des événements climatiques et de la sécheresse sur le phénomène du retrait gonflement des argiles en interaction avec les constructions". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD011/document.
Testo completoClimate change and severe climatic events such as long drought/rehydration periods are at the origin of the shrinkage and swelling phenomenon in expansive soils. This phenomenon is affected by Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere (SVA) interactions and can cause severe structural damage to lightly loaded constructions such as residential buildings. The objective of this re-search work is to simulate the in-situ behavior of the shrinkage-swelling in expansive soils in a SVA context using numerical tools. A soil-atmosphere interaction method is primarily presented along with a coupled hydro-thermal soil model. This approach was established in order to determine primarily, the natural time variable boundary conditions at the considered soil surface based on the mass and energy balance concept, and secondly to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the soil suction, water content and temperature. This approach was validated using in situ observations of monitored sites. Thereafter, the influence of the water uptake by vegetation was incorporated in the source term of the unsaturated water flow theory, using an existing root water uptake model. Subsequently, the temporal variations of the soil suction were related to the volume change behavior using a simple approach developed based on the experimental results of drying/wetting tests performed in the literature. The associated volumetric indices in the void ratio-log suction plan, along with the complementary parameters of the linear model were correlated with basic geotechnical parameters. The proposed approach was validated with in situ data provided from an experimental site. The Roaillan experimental site was instrumented in order to monitor the soil’s physical changes along with the structural behavior of the building. Comparisons between the simulated and observed soil suction, soil water content, temperature and soil movements in time and depth showed an acceptable performance of the predictions. The approach was then extended to study the influence of future climate projections (2050) on the soil’s physical variables and movements. Three RCP climate change scenarios were considered in this analysis which revealed different possible behavior in both short term and long term. Finally, the developed approach was applied to the French territory by dividing it to six different climatic regions. Different soil parameters were attributed to each of these climatic regions in order to set the reference condition. Thereafter, the influence of different external factors was analyzed on the soil movements over a chosen period. The study finally suggests the adequate actions to take for minimizing the amplitude of the shrinkage and swelling phenome-non in a SVA context
Abdallah, Mouhammed. "Vulnérabilité des ouvrages en maçonnerie à des mouvements de terrain : méthodologie d'analyse par méthodes statistiques et par plans d'expériences numériques sur les données de la ville de Joeuf". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL019N/document.
Testo completoThe context of our study concerns ground movements that may occur in Lorraine as a result of mining subsidence events and their impact on traditional masonry houses. When such an event occurs, houses suffer disorders resulting from efforts in the structure caused by the movement of the ground. The response that characterizes the state of the structure depends on the geometrical, physical and mechanical characteristics. However, the discontinuous nature of the masonry and the interactions complexity between masonry blocks makes it difficult to determine that response. The same is true about the soil-structure interaction. The purpose of this research is to study, by numerical modelling with the distinct element method, experimental design planning and response surfaces, the behaviour of masonry structures subjected to a typical mining subsidence event and to define from this study some criteria making possible the estimation of the vulnerability of all the buildings of a city. A first simplified analysis describes the principle of the used methodology which is then applied to the study of all houses of the city of Joeuf, used as a pilot site. This methodology is based on an analysis of the total length of the opened joints, which are considered as similar to cracks in the structure. Then, a typology analysis helps first to distinguish 4 groups (types) of houses which have similar characteristics. On each of these groups, the methodology is applied consistently, based on the geometrical characteristics of the houses facades and then leads to the formulation of vulnerability functions that use the technique of orthogonal regression
Pham, Van Hung. "3D modelling of Soft soil Improvement by Rigid Inclusions - Complex and Cyclic loading". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI057/document.
Testo completoThe aim of the study is to investigate the soil improvement by rigid inclusions under complex and cyclic loadings, and to highlight the effect of some parameters related to complex and cyclic loading on the system behavior.Concerning the static complex loading, footings over rigid inclusion-reinforced soil without mattress subjected to centered, eccentrically vertical and horizontal loads, and load cycles are first studied. Numerical and experimental approaches are presented. Monitored and numerical results permit to show the behavior of these reinforced systems in terms of stresses on the inclusion head and soft soil, vertical and lateral displacements of the footings and lateral displacement of the inclusions. The efficiency of the reinforced footing is also presented and compared to the unreinforced one.A 3D modeling of the foundation solutions for wind turbines is presented. The combination of vertical loading and different moments applied to the foundation is taken into account. The inclusion-improved soft soil under footing is considered as a foundation option and, compared to classical ones (shallow foundation and piled raft). The obtained results are illustrated concerning the ground surface settlements, the foundation rotations, the axial forces and bending moments of the reinforcements. The numerical results indicate that the soil improvement technique by rigid inclusions can be an appropriate solution for the wind turbine foundations.With regard to the cyclic aspects, three main concerns are studied. Firstly, the numerical modeling of laboratory tests on a soil improvement by rigid inclusions subjected to monotonic loading and a limited load cycles is carried out, in which the hypoplasticity (HYP) model is used to model the load transfer platform (LTP). The numerical results are validated against both the experimental data and numerical ones of Houda (2016). The influence of the boundary condition and soft soil state are figured out. The numerical results indicate that it is possible to address the cyclic behavior of the rigid inclusion-reinforced soil by using the HYP model.Secondly, a piled embankment under a high number of cyclic loadings is studied. Two different levels of complexity for the constitutive models are used (HYP and a simpler one the linear elastic perfectly plastic constitutive model with a shear criteria of Mohr-Coulomb). These models were considered to model the behavior of the LTP and analyze the cyclic behavior of the system. The HYP model is then suggested for the following studies since it can capture well the arching decrease and the cumulated settlements under the load cycles number. The effect of the parameters that are load cycles number, amplitude and frequency (induced by traffic speed), and embankment height is illustrated as well.Finally, a study on the cyclic response of a GRPS embankment is conducted. By comparing the geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankment with the piled embankment (PE), the role of the geosynthetic is verified under static and cyclic loading aspects. The influence of the load cycles number and the geosynthetic layers number on the arching effect and cumulative settlements is shown as well
Idris, Jamal. "Accidents géotechniques des tunnels et des ouvrages souterrains - Méthodes analytiques pour le retour d'expérience et la modélisation numérique". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL070N/document.
Testo completoThe instability of the underground works is an important cause of many accidents during their construction and exploitation. Experience feedback of previous accidents is one of used methods that allows improving the prevention of such accidents during the design and the construction of new underground works projects. A bibliographical search enabled us to establish a database of tunnels and underground constructions accidents in the world. These database contains currently 230 case related to the two phases of construction and exploitation of underground constructions, each case was characterized by several variables associated to instability phenomena, to geometrical and géomechanicals characteristics of the concerned underground construction. The causes and the consequences of instabilities phenomena were also analysed especially those related to the particular geological context and the géotechnical characteristics of the surrounding ground. The established database enabled us to carry out several analyses on instabilities phenomena like as a factorial correspondence analysis, which aims to discover the relations between instabilities phenomena and their explanatory variables. This study proposes two representative numerical models of vaulted tunnels supported by masonry structure. Biased on the numerical simulation and the experimental design technique, it also relates to the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the masonry structure support and its evolution in the time, where the influence of certain mechanical parameters of masonry structure was quantified and evaluated by various analyses methods such as multivariate variance analysis and the linear modelling by multiple regression
Chaouki, Azzedine. "Les mouvements de terrain et les risques associés dans la région de BabTaza, Rif occidental". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1C003.
Testo completoKe, Changhai. "Un système de représentation des connaissances et d'aide à la décision pour la prévention des mouvements de terrain". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10213.
Testo completoGaffet, Stéphane. "Simulation des mouvements du sol à distances locales et télésismiques en milieu hétérogène : méthode et applications". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785902.
Testo completoLesueur, Chloé. "Relations entre les mesures de mouvements du sol et les observations macrosismiques en France : Etude basée sur les données accélérométriques du RAP et les données macrosismiques du BCSF". Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/LESUEUR_Chloe_2011.pdf.
Testo completoComparison between accelerometric and macroseismic observations is made for three Mw~4. 5 earthquakes of eastern France between 2003 and 2005. Scalar and spectral instrumental parameters are processed from the accelerometric data recorded by nine accelerometric stations located between 29km and 180km from the epicentres. Macroseismic data are based on the French Internet reports. In addition to the individual macroseismic intensity, analysis of the internal correlation between the encoded answers highlights four predominant fields of questions, bearing different physical meanings: 1) “Vibratory Motions of small objects”, 2) “Displacement and Fall of Objects”, 3) “Acoustic Noise”, and 4) “Personal Feelings”. Best correlations between macroseismic and instrumental observations are obtained when the macroseismic parameters are averaged over 10km radius circles around each station. Macroseismic intensities predicted by published PGV-intensity relationships quite agree with the observed intensities, contrary to those based on PGA. The correlations between the macroseismic and instrumental data, for intensities between II and V (EMS-98), show that PGV is the instrumental parameter presenting the best correlation with all macroseismic parameters. The correlation with response spectra, exhibits clear frequency dependence over a limited frequency range [0. 5-33Hz]. Horizontal and vertical components are significantly correlated with macroseismic parameters between 1 and 10Hz, a range corresponding to both natural frequencies of most buildings and high energy content in the seismic ground motion. Between 10 and 25Hz, a clear lack of correlation between macroseismic and instrumental data is observed, while beyond 25Hz the correlation coefficient increases, approaching that of the PGA correlation level
Deau, Raphaël. "Optimisation des séquences de pistes et des mouvements au sol sur les grands aéroports". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0060/document.
Testo completoIn the last few years, many studies concerning air traffic delays have focused on ground traffic management at busy airports. However, the link between the aircraft taxiing stage and runway scheduling optimisation is still rarely considered. Performing optimal aircraft sequences on runways should allow us to enhance the taxiing stage, while applying calculated take-off slots and reducing globally the aircraft mean delay. In this thesis, an algorithm is first defined to compute optimal aircraft schedules on runways. It is then integrated into the ground traffic management process, modeled as a conflict resolution problem between aircraft. A deterministic method (using a branch and bound algorithm) and a stochastic method (using a genetic algorithm) are both used to try and solve this problem. Each of these methods can work with and without the consideration of optimal runway scheduling. The simulations carried out show that the anticipation of the optimal runway schedules can yield a significant delay reduction for airport ground traffic. The stochastic method provides the best solutions, especially for arriving aircraft, while the deterministic method remains a considerable option because of its very fast running time
Bou, Nassif Aline. "Mouvements sismiques forts dans les régions montagneuses et mouvements de terrain induits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALU039.
Testo completoDuring an earthquake, a high degree of variability in damage distribution, encompassing both structural damage and co-seismic landslides, is commonly observed in mountainous regions near the seismic source. Among other factors, this spatial variability can be partly attributed to the amplification of seismic waves caused by surface topography. While this effect has long been documented, it remains poorly understood and is rarely incorporated into building specification codes. My thesis is dedicated to predicting the amplification of ground motion caused by surface topography in close distances to an earthquake, and studying its potential impact on co-seismic landslides distribution patterns.To achieve this goal, my work initially relies on neural network analysis of previously-available synthetic data obtained from 3D finite-differences simulations of seismic wave propagation. This analysis aims to derive a physics-based estimator of topographic site effects in close distances to the source. This proxy, which I refer to as the i-FSC proxy (illuminated Frequency Scaled Curvature), depends on the S-wavelength, the curvature of the topographic surface, and a new parameter called the “normalized seismic illumination angle” which quantifies the slope's exposure to the incoming wavefield. This user-friendly tool does not require high computational resources; it only uses a digital elevation map and the position of the seismic source to predict amplification factors at any point of the surface topography. The i-FSC allows exploring the variations in topographic amplification influenced by nearby seismic sources. This advancement is particularly significant as the areas closest to the fault are typically the ones most severely affected during earthquakes.Subsequently, the i-FSC proxy is employed to investigate the correlation between ground motion amplification and the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by events such as the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (MW 7.8), the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (MW 7.1), and the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake (MW 7.8). The results indicate that co-seismic landslides tend to be localized in amplified areas. Different controls on the landslide triggering at different frequencies have been identified. At lower frequencies, landslides tend to concentrate on slopes facing away from the seismic source (with higher seismic illumination angles). At smaller scales, the location of landslides mimics the amplification maps at higher frequencies, which are primarily influenced by surface topography curvature. Furthermore, landslides appear to also cluster at the interfaces between illuminated and non-illuminated slopes, which may indicate areas where slope deformation is the greatest. The results also highlight the crucial importance of considering the effect of topographic amplification, simply derived by the i-FSC proxy, together with other classic factors such as slope steepness, for a better understanding of the complex mechanisms governing the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides at local and regional scales.The results of this study hold significant importance, as they could guide future research efforts aimed at developing more effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies in mountainous regions
Gervreau, Éric. "Étude et prévision de l'évolution des versants naturels en mouvement /". Paris : Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussées, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354972523.
Testo completoBibliogr. p. 191-194. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Renard, François. "La déformation mécano-chimique dans la croûte supérieure terrestre : exemples de processus couples et de systèmes auto-organisésé". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10263.
Testo completoErdi, Lelandais Gülçin. "« Cosmopolites enracinés » : la transnationalité et la construction identitaire du mouvement altermondialiste : l'exemple de la Turquie". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0093.
Testo completoInternational relations and its evolution have effects on the birth, the operation and the motivation of today's social movements and in particular of the "altermondialisme". Risks and issues exceeding borders, the social movements inevitably invest transnational space and this process is particularly accelerated by globalisation. Transnationalisation of social movements is now in discussion. Can we however talk of an homogeneous, univocal process with altermondialist movements with completely shared motivations ? Our answer to this question lies in the illustration of the Turkish "altermondialiste" movement. The balance of forces, the cross-organisational bonds and the political traditions being distinct from the majority of those in Western countries, the "altermondialisme" does not have the same characteristics nor the same reasons to exist in this country. Within this framework, far from being univocal, transnational space represents only one new parameter in the comprehension of the "altermondialiste" movement. It is, for the moment, insufficient to understand mobilization dynamics in each country in spite of the unifying common motivation wich caracterizes altermondialism
Engel, Théophile. "Nouvelles méthodes de mesure et d'analyse pour l'étude des mouvements du sol en terrains instables /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=601.
Testo completoThevenard, Didier. "Influence de mouvements convectifs instationnaires sur la solidification d'alliages dilués, au sol et dans l'espace". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0123.
Testo completoFerrière, Gérard. "Mouvements naturels des éléments dans une prairie : quantification des échanges d'azote entre lombriciens, sol et plantes". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10026.
Testo completoFerrière, Gérard. "Mouvements naturels des éléments dans une prairie quantification des échanges d'azote entre lombriciens, sol et plantes". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597616s.
Testo completoBorie, Mariane Riss Joëlle Mallet Cyril. "Les massifs rocheux crétacés supérieurs du Labourd occidental processus d'altération et instabilités littorales /". S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/PETER_MARIANE_2008.pdf.
Testo completoHouy, Laurent. "Variabilité des sols et risques liés à l'interaction sol-ouvrage". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13000.
Testo completoClaudeville, Xavier. "Mouvements d'eau dans les sols et sous-sols selon les grands types de terrains, et possibilités de contrôler les apports aux nappes". Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30006.
Testo completoThis research has a practical object, the validation of an analysis computer program, usable with any existing data, and applied on daily data of 85 catchments of 0. 2 to 7000 skm (but of 150 skm for the most), with three catchments in average per french geological unit; thereby it is also a survey about the spatial variability of the hydrological cycle elements on the geographical scale. The most important method elaborated for this purpose is a computer analysis of a two inputs- three outputs black box, applied on the rainfalls and groundwater inflow for the inputs, and the actual evapotranspiration, groundwater outflow, and runoff for the outputs. The overland flow, soil moisture, inputs into the capillary soil networks, water-table inputs by piston effect or solw transit flow, and capillary rise, are acomputed. The available in-situ measures as neutron probe soil moisture, piezometer elevations and isotopic surveys, are correlated with these computer data for five catchments. In the second part, the 80 catchments of the Dordogne basin are studied by this program, for testing the analysis sensitiveness, the coherence of the computed data, and the explation power of the different hydrogeological systems revelated by this analysis. The hydraulic heads are roughly well correlated with the storavity volumes estimated by morphometric methods. New methods for changing infiltration rates are proposed in the third part
Ollitrault, Sylvie. "Action collective et construction identitaire : le cas du militantisme écologiste en France". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN11022.
Testo completoANebulous is a word which summarizes the french ecologism movement. Our purpose is to understand this nebulousness, by " intramovement frame disputes ", an analysis elaborated by american researchers. But, to complete the study of this complex identity, the political opportunity structure is used as well. Thus, in a first part, we focuse on the importance of the social environment in which an identity is embedded. For instance, in france, we can forget the discourse of interet general. Each group of ecologists developps it own discourse of interet general. We can understand three differences between ecologists owing to the analysis of the intramovement frame disputes. In a second part, with a diachronic approach, the study reveals a predominant model. We name it an environmentalist/expert model. The dispute within the ecologist movement has to be studied thoroughly owing to the evolution of the repertoire of the collective action in france (in particularly during the eighties'). The analysis shows how the political opportunity structure contributes to sustain one form of ecologism claims and to turn down another form of demands (political ecology). And finally, we observe that the environmentalist/expert model generates the construction of an total identity. Ecologists are a sort of moral entrepreneurs, their activism become their " raison d'etre". Here, we explain the paradox of a form of activism which seems to know much costs than advantages. We can examine the limits of a too much " economist " and " strategical " approach as the olson's theory
Ithurralde, Marianick. "Les communautés autonomes basque, catalane et la construction européenne". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010282.
Testo completoSpain is composed of different regional entities, known as the autonomous regions. The Basque and Catalan autonomous regions, since their creation, have been governed by nationalist parties. These parties no longer claim the establishment of an independant state. They see the future of Catalonia and the basque country in a Europe under construction. They also see in the construction of Europe, especially in terms of its impact on the sovereignty of states, a process that encourages the integration and the recognition of non nation-states. The aim of this study is to evaluate the way in which the Basque and Catalan players use the mechanism of Europe and the results. The study also aims to analyse whether European construction has a profound effect on Basque and Catalan nationalisms and whether it affects the relationship of these regions with the Spanish state, and the power of the autonomous regions. The resources and the capacities of these two regions are different, as are their strategies within europe. The first part of this thesis examines the objectives and the ambitions of Basque and Catalan nationalists in Europe through their political discourse. The second part comprises an analysis of their means both within the Spanish state and within Europe. The examples given in the third part allow us to look at the interrelations between these three levels -autonomous regions, the state and the European union-. The end result is complex. Nationalists are making some headway in Europe but it is often essential to operate with the state
Slimi, Ahmed Larue Jean-Pierre. "Mouvements de terrain et ravinements dans le bassin supérieur de l'Oued Djemaa (versant sud du Djurdjura, Algérie)". S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th2008PEST0066.pdf.
Testo completoBarbanti, Claude. "Nationalismes en Grand-Bretagne : Genèse, construction et évolution des mouvements nationalistes écossais, gallois, cornouaillais, anglais et britannique". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0039.
Testo completoThis thesis entitled "Nationalisms in Great Britain" aims to verify a theory of nationalism developed by Christophe Jaffrelot. This theory synthesizes Anthony Smith's "reformistrevivalist"and Miroslav Hroch's 3-steps models (among others), and in so doing offered asequential model of nationalism which one can observed as a progression of several distinct historical phases. We apply Jaffrelot's theory (with a method that could be described as genealogical) to all the nationalist movements present in Britain. Thus, we trace the origins and evolution of the Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, English and British nationalist movements in order to determine if they verify the different phases of Jaffrelot's theory
Péloquin, Stéphane. "Utilisation de la télédétection, des SIG et de l'intelligence artificielle pour déterminer le niveau de susceptibilité aux mouvements de terrain : application dans les Andes de la Bolivie". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
Cerca il testo completoSéré, Geoffroy. "Fonctionnement et évolution pédogénétiques de Technosols issus d'un procédé de construction de sol". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL033N/document.
Testo completoHuman activities induce growing impacts on soils. This has produced derelict lands that need thorough reclamation to minimize their negative effect on the environment. A better knowledge and control of the evolution of highly anthropized soils is needed in order to achieve a sustainable management of these sites. This work emphasizes on both the development of a process of soil construction with wastes and by-products (paper sludge, treated industrial soil, compost) and the study of the functioning and pedogenic evolution of the constructed soils. The project relies on both in situ pilot scale application and lab-scale experiments. The characterization of the parent materials and their compounding highlighted their properties and their originalities compared to geological or pedological materials. The study of the functioning of constructed soils demonstrated that they could fulfil the soil basic functions. In this way, the process has been able to achieve the reclamation of the pedological cover and initiate the ecological resilience. The nature, the intensity and the kinetics of the pedogenic processes have been identified. It appeared that the reactions were very fast and that they sometimes strongly differ from the natural local pedo-climate (e.g. dissolution of gypsum, amorphous silica). We suggest that they will spontanuously evolve to analogous natural form of soils. Our results are confronted with the present classification of the Technosols and some propositions are made in favour of a more genetic-oriented way. Some thoughts about the modelling of the pedogenesis of very anthropized soils are proposed. At last, this work evocates the basis for the development of a decision tool for the pedo-engineering approach
Séré, Geoffroy Morel Jean-Louis. "Fonctionnement et évolution pédogénétiques de Technosols issus d'un procédé de construction de sol". S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_SERE_G.pdf.
Testo completoKrebs, Guillaume. "Étude, conception et réalisation d'un actionneur électromagnétique à mouvements linéaire et rotatif". Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10155.
Testo completoLévêque, Sandrine. "La construction journalistique d'une catégorie du débat public : spécialisation journalistique et mise en forme du social". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010314.
Testo completoThe social is a polysemic term invested by the different professionals of sens management. Among them, the journalists have tried to impose their definition of the social since the beginning of the xx th century. In an association created in 1905 (the journalists union of social movement), they have organized themselves around this category set up by other agents of the public space (politicians, unionists philanthropists etc. Since the second half of the xix th century. This mobilization is inserted in a larger frame : the process of journalistic professionalization. The logics which lead to impose the category of professional journalistic in the first half of xix th century allow the ones, investing at the same time the journalistic space, to assert this professional specificity around the social category. This particular history of the joint invention of a category of public discussion and a professionnal speciality permits to understand the more actual logics of "redefinition" of the professional group and the interest il defends. By uniting the analysis of the tow categories of the real : the social one -as the category of the public space) the one of the professional journalist specialist of problems pertaining to the social field, enable us to understand how, within a journalists professional group, a specialists group is formed and how their membres attributes have a decisive action on mediatic building of the categories of the real
Benkirane, Aïcha. "Morphodynamique et aléas naturels sur la rive droite de l'Arc : commune d'Orelle". Chambéry, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CHAML004.
Testo completoChouari, Walid. "Environnement et risques naturels dans le Grand Tunis : approche cartographique". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070010.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis of geography is to propose a reflection on the environment and the natural risks incurred by the region of Grand Tunis. Our approach aims at considering the environment in which people live. This environment is on the one hand a resources supplier and on the other, it represents an obstacle to the human activities, to planning, so as sometimes it becomes a true source of risks. This approach is of a global nature. It takes into account the various factors and elements in the milieu as well as the relations between them. It is, in fact, an approach based on the examination of the interrelationships between two groups of factors: those which are related to the natural environment and those concerning the entropic actions. In this concern of locating the phenomena, of representing their importance (quantitative, and qualitative) and finding the correlations between them, cartography appears to be the most effective means and the irreplaceable tool for the geographer. The cartographic method that we propose rests on the use of several types of information and various techniques of data processing. The range of methods enabled us to diversify the designs and the approaches, to compare the results and to undertake a critical study of the used means and methods. It's about maps, which due to their integrated nature are likely to bring an invaluable help to the researchers and to the persons in charge of planning as well as decision makers. This research focused on the environment and the risks of nature is then aiming at proposing lightings and methodologies of cartography on the risks incurred by the area of Grand Tunis. This work is also an illustration of the importance of the interdisciplinary approach
Park, Hee-Seong. "Mise en place de canalisation par microtunnelage : interaction en frottement sol - canalisation". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0078.
Testo completoThe congestion and increasing sensitivity of urban environment to high perturbation leads trenchless technology development intended to reduce working areas and nuisance of the pipeline laying sites. In the micro tunneling technology, the pipes are pushed by jacks, departing from a pit, following micro tunneling machine which ensures soil excavation and slurrying operation. The jacking force is an important parameter linked to this technique, since it affects the jacking length and pipe design. The critical loads appear generally during construction. The aim of this work is to appropriately foresee the friction-interaction between soil and jacked pipe on simulated models in a calibration chamber in order to put in evidence geometrical and geotechnical influence parameters on pipe behavior in course of jacking operation. The first part of this work presents the principal micro tunneling operations, that is: • Operation methods of micro tunneling machines • Installation methods of final pipes • Characteristics of final pipes and pits The second part (bibliographical analysis) shows assessment methods of the thrust force and similarity laws for this type test. The third part describes experimental study realized in the laboratory with a calibration chamber for pipe jacking, that is: • Sand density effect round about pipes • Pipe diameter effect • Pipe joint effect • Overcut effect • Overload effect The result analysis allows to suggest an elastic behavior model for jacked pipes, which is compared with the Frank-Zhao model (1982) for soil reinforcement technology. The fourth part proposed a thrust force estimation model based on other existing models, in-situ data and laboratory results
St, Fleur Sadrac. "Estimation des mouvements sismiques à Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : mesures des amplifications locales et simulations numériques". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4099/document.
Testo completoIn order to help estimating the seismic ground motion expected in the Port-au-Prince area (Haiti), we characterize local site effects, pointing out the seismic waves trapped in the loose layer of Cul-de-Sac basin, and provide realistic synthetic accelerograms for an hypothetical future earthquake.To this end, we propose to analyze signals from 78 earthquakes that occurred between March 2010and February 2013, by applying two methods of spectral ratios : The H/V earthquake method and the classical spectral ratio (SSR). A strong spatial variability was observed in the measured amplifications, which is quite consistent with the heterogeneous surface geology of the area. We notice in particular strong amplification on marine sediments close to the coast. In the foothills of the Massif de la Selle the reflection of the seismic waves lead to the concentration of the wave fields that strongly amplify seismic ground motion at the top of the hills. In addition, an increase of the signal duration due to the presence of surface waves was also highlighted on some stations of the plain. For the generation of synthetic accelerograms, we first use Empirical Green functions (EGF) method. The results show that the strongest acceleration is expected in Quaternary sediments near the coast and on the ridge of south hills of Port-au-Prince. Then, a hybrid simulation method combining complex transfer functions (amplitude and phase) and the EGF simulation on bedrock was set up and validated from testing on instrumented sites in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince
Goghrod, Hamid. "Étude de la géométrie et des mouvements de la faille de Doda (sous-province de l'Abitibi) /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Testo completoNel, François. "Suivi de mouvements informationnels : construction, modélisation et simulation de graphes de citations, application à la détection de buzz". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066541.
Testo completoPoulin, Leboeuf Laurence. "Analyse statistique des facteurs climatiques et géomorphologiques associés aux mouvements de terrain dans les argiles des mers post-glaciaires au Québec méridional". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66412.
Testo completoDujardin, Alain. "Prédiction des mouvements du sol dus à un séisme : différences de décroissance entre petits et gros séismes et simulations large bande par fonctions de Green empiriques". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4070/document.
Testo completoThe prediction of ground motion generated by an earthquake is a major issue for the consideration of seismic risk. This is one of the objectives of SIGMA project in which I realized my thesis. It consists of two parts. The first focuses on the magnitude dependence of the ground motion parameters decay with distance. This is a concern both for the use of relation of attenuation (GMPEs) than methods based on the use of small events as empirical Green functions. We have shown that as the shorter distances (less than the length of the fault), the saturation effect due to the fault size is preponderant. For larger distances, it’s the eanelastic attenuation effect which becomes predominant. So we have shown that it can be tricky to mix data from different regions in GMPEs and we validated the use of empirical Green functions at every distance. In the second part are tested three different simulation methods in a complex context: a code combining finite fault source in k2 and EGFs, a point-source code with EGFs and a stochastic code. We chose to work on the Mw 5.9 earthquake (May 29, 2012) which occurs in a deep sedimentary basin (the Po plain), and which has generated seismograms often dominated by surface waves. We show that without a priori knowledge of the propagation medium, methods based on EGFs can reproduce surface waves, the values of PGA, PGV, and the durations of the signals generated
Teisenhoffer, Viola. "Produire un soi spirituel : pratiques et expériences rituelles dans l’umbanda du Temple Guaracy de Paris (France)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100089.
Testo completoThe Temple Guaracy de Paris is part of an international Umbanda shrine house located in Brazil and also established in several European and North American countries. In order to offer participants a “spiritual development”, in France and its other locales, the Temple draws on the mediumistic practice of Umbanda, an Afro-Brazilian religion focused on the worship of spiritual entities and divinities related to nature, in the elaboration of its ceremonial activities. The Temple is thus part of the wider universe of contemporary spiritual practices. This thesis studies the ritual mechanisms that bestow participants a special identity which allows them to define themselves as “being spiritual”. The detailed description and the formal analysis of the group’s ritual practices aim to define the pragmatic foundations of the identity processes at work in this context. They show that mediumistic practice consists of revealing the participants to themselves and to others in a new perspective which is that of the spiritual entities invoked in ritual, endowed with the capability to unveil the “real nature” of human beings. The making of a spiritual self by this means depends on complex relational shifts generated by a subtly regulated ritual device which produces ambiguous and “extraordinary” persons who are both humans and entities. The spiritual sense of self produced in this way enables participants to engage in and to create analogous practices that make up the universe of contemporary spirituality