Articoli di riviste: "Soil-water dynamics"

1

Wraith, J. M. "Soil Water Dynamics." Vadose Zone Journal 3, n. 4 (1 novembre 2004): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/3.4.1490.

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Wraith, Jon M. "Soil Water Dynamics." Vadose Zone Journal 3, n. 4 (novembre 2004): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.1490.

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Minasny, Budiman. "Soil Water Dynamics". Geoderma 122, n. 1 (settembre 2004): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.11.011.

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Kanda, Edwin Kimutai, Aidan Senzanje e Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "Soil water dynamics under Moistube irrigation". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 115 (febbraio 2020): 102836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2020.102836.

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Di Prima, Simone, Mirko Castellini, Mario Pirastru e Saskia Keesstra. "Soil Water Conservation: Dynamics and Impact". Water 10, n. 7 (18 luglio 2018): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070952.

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Human needs like food and clean water are directly related to good maintenance of healthy and productive soils. A good understanding of human impact on the natural environment is therefore necessary to preserve and manage soil and water resources. This knowledge is particularly important in semi-arid and arid regions, where the increasing demands on limited water supplies require urgent efforts to improve water quality and water use efficiency. It is important to keep in mind that both soil and water are limited resources. Thus, wise use of these natural resources is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainability of human societies. This Special Issue collects 15 original contributions addressing the state of the art of soil and water conservation research. Contributions cover a wide range of topics, including (1) recovery of soil hydraulic properties; (2) erosion risk; (3) novel modeling, monitoring and experimental approaches for soil hydraulic characterization; (4) improvement of crop yields; (5) water availability; and (6) soil salinity. The collection of manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides more insights into conservation strategies for effective and sustainable soil and water management.

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Laczová, Elena, e Vlasta Štekauerová. "Soil water dynamics of the hillside". Cereal Research Communications 35, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.35.2007.2.135.

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Jong Van Uer, Q. de. "The critical soil water content and its relation to soil water dynamics". Scientia Agricola 54, spe (giugno 1997): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161997000300009.

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Using an edaphic model that describes the extraction of soil water by plant roots, the occurrence of depletion zones dose to plant roots is demonstrated. These depletion zones affect the root water potential that is needed to maintain a certain transpiration rate. The results show how the critical soil water content depends on soil's hydraulic properties, transpiration rate and root density.

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Michal, Dohnal, Dušek Jaromír, Vogel Tomáš e Herza Jiří. "Analysis of Soil Water Response to Grass Transpiration". Soil and Water Research 1, No. 3 (7 gennaio 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6510-swr.

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This paper focuses on numerical modelling of soil water movement in response to the root water uptake that is driven by transpiration. The flow of water in a lysimeter, installed at a grass covered hillslope site in a small headwater catchment, is analysed by means of numerical simulation. The lysimeter system provides a well defined control volume with boundary fluxes measured and soil water pressure continuously monitored. The evapotranspiration intensity is estimated by the Penman-Monteith method and compared with the measured lysimeter soil water loss and the simulated root water uptake. Variably saturated flow of water in the lysimeter is simulated using one-dimensional dual-permeability model based on the numerical solution of the Richards’ equation. The availability of water for the root water uptake is determined by the evaluation of the plant water stress function, integrated in the soil water flow model. Different lower boundary conditions are tested to compare the soil water dynamics inside and outside the lysimeter. Special attention is paid to the possible influence of the preferential flow effects on the lysimeter soil water balance. The adopted modelling approach provides a useful and flexible framework for numerical analysis of soil water dynamics in response to the plant transpiration.

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Rueedi, J. "Soil Water Dynamics, by A.W. Warrick, 2003". Environmentalist 24, n. 1 (marzo 2004): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:envr.0000046450.62059.62.

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Sharma, Sudhirendar, M. H. Fulekar, C. P. Jayalakshmi e Conrad P. Straub. "Fly ash dynamics in soil‐water systems". Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 19, n. 3 (gennaio 1989): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643388909388367.

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Kisekka, Isaya, K. W. Migliaccio, R. Muñoz-Carpena, B. Schaffer e Y. Khare. "Modelling soil water dynamics considering measurement uncertainty". Hydrological Processes 29, n. 5 (17 marzo 2014): 692–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10173.

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12

Br�da, N., A. Granier, F. Barataud e C. Moyne. "Soil water dynamics in an oak stand". Plant and Soil 172, n. 1 (maggio 1995): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00020856.

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Barataud, F., C. Moyne, N. Br�da e A. Granier. "Soil water dynamics in an oak stand". Plant and Soil 172, n. 1 (maggio 1995): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00020857.

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14

Diehl, Dörte. "Soil water repellency: Dynamics of heterogeneous surfaces". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 432 (settembre 2013): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.05.011.

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15

Heitman, J. L., R. Horton, T. J. Sauer e T. M. DeSutter. "Sensible Heat Observations Reveal Soil-Water Evaporation Dynamics". Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2008): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm963.1.

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Abstract Soil-water evaporation is important at scales ranging from microbial ecology to large-scale climate. Yet routine measurements are unable to capture rapidly shifting near-surface soil heat and water processes involved in soil-water evaporation. The objective of this study was to determine the depth and location of the evaporation zone within soil. Three-needle heat-pulse sensors were used to monitor soil heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and temperature below a bare soil surface in central Iowa during natural wetting/drying cycles. Soil heat flux and changes in heat storage were calculated from these data to obtain a balance of sensible heat components. The residual from this balance, attributed to latent heat from water vaporization, provides an estimate of in situ soil-water evaporation. As the soil dried following rainfall, results show divergence in the soil sensible heat flux with depth. Divergence in the heat flux indicates the location of a heat sink associated with soil-water evaporation. Evaporation estimates from the sensible heat balance provide depth and time patterns consistent with observed soil-water depletion patterns. Immediately after rainfall, evaporation occurred near the soil surface. Within 6 days after rainfall, the evaporation zone proceeded > 13 mm into the soil profile. Evaporation rates at the 3-mm depth reached peak values > 0.25 mm h−1. Evaporation occurred simultaneously at multiple measured depth increments, but with time lag between peak evaporation rates for depths deeper below the soil surface. Implementation of finescale measurement techniques for the soil sensible heat balance provides a new opportunity to improve understanding of soil-water evaporation.

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Han, Jiang Bo, e Zhi Fang Zhou. "Comparison between Soil Water Dynamics Simulated by the Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Models". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (dicembre 2013): 2298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2298.

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To obtain a better understanding of the role of non-isothermal flow in the unsaturated zone in the presence of the water table, the isothermal and non-isothermal models driven by the observed atmospheric data were used to reproduce soil moisture dynamics observed in the lysimeter with a 100-cm water table level over one year period. Results from the simulations indicated that although the isothermal and non-isothermal models both captured the general trend of soil water content dynamics during one year period, simulated values by the isothermal model presented less dynamic variations, which overestimated the soil water content during the rainy season and underestimated it during other periods. On the other hand, the non-isothermal model not only reproduced well the seasonal variations of soil temperatures but also reproduced more reasonably soil water dynamics in the whole profile and during the whole simulation period.

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Lapen, David R., Jonathan S. Price e Robert Gilbert. "Soil water storage dynamics in peatlands with shallow water tables". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2000): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-007.

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Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to estimate soil water storage dynamics in several uncultivated blanket bogs and poor fens in southeastern Newfoundland during the summer growing season. The purpose of the research was to evaluate links between surface moisture conditions, evapotranspiration, and recharge processes in order to elucidate factors that govern blanket peat formation in the region. Water storage changes in the peat/Sphagnum above the water table (ΔSWS) were found to be important storage terms in daily water balance estimates. Daily mean ΔSWS values for bog and fen approximated −0.3 and −0.45 mm, respectively. It was also found that, i) fairly high peat water-holding capacities, ii) frequent atmospheric recharge, iii) atmospheric controls on evapotranspiration, and, iv) the transport of water into the unsaturated zone from the shallow water table via capillary and external wicking processes helped to preclude significant de-watering over the bulk of the peatland surfaces. Recharge via groundwater appears to be an important factor governing moisture conditions requisite for peat accrual and the growth of Sphagnum spp., especially in the fens. Key words: Time domain reflectometry, blanket peats, soil water, evapotranspiration, water table depth

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Jeanneau, Laurent, Pauline Buysse, Marie Denis, Gérard Gruau, Patrice Petitjean, Anne Jaffrézic, Chris Flechard e Valérie Viaud. "Water Table Dynamics Control Carbon Losses from the Destabilization of Soil Organic Matter in a Small, Lowland Agricultural Catchment". Soil Systems 4, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010002.

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The biogeochemistry of soil organic matter (SOM) is driven by a combination of stabilization and destabilization mechanisms. Among the various ways in which SOM is lost, soil moisture controls the leaching of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) and CO2 fluxes (FCO2). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of naturally occurring water table dynamics on the couplings between these three types of C losses. The DIC and DOC concentrations in the soil solutions and the FCO2 values at the soil surface were collected fortnightly over a nine-month period at four sampling points located along two topographic transects characterized by different water table dynamics. The water table depth, soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) were monitored at each site. Linear and nonlinear regressions were used to explore the couplings between C losses, WFPS and soil temperature. The dynamics of the water table seem to drive DOC solubilization, diffusion, and export mechanisms in addition to microbial processes and the equilibrium between DIC and CO2. The main descriptors of this water table dynamic were the residence time, return time and number of oscillations of the water table. Considering both transects, FCO2 was positively correlated with DOC, which highlights the importance of substrate accessibility for SOM mineralization. This paper emphasizes the importance of the water table dynamic for the coupling between SOM carbon losses.

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Flerchinger, G. N., M. S. Seyfried e S. P. Hardegree. "Using Soil Freezing Characteristics to Model Multi-Season Soil Water Dynamics". Vadose Zone Journal 5, n. 4 (novembre 2006): 1143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0025.

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Polyakov, V., e R. Lal. "Modeling soil organic matter dynamics as affected by soil water erosion". Environment International 30, n. 4 (giugno 2004): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2003.10.011.

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Bradley, Chris, Mary Mosugu e John Gerrard. "Seasonal dynamics of soil–water pressure in a cracking clay soil". CATENA 69, n. 3 (aprile 2007): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.06.004.

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Lubana, Prit Pal Singh, e N. K. Narda. "Soil water dynamics model for trickle irrigated tomatoes". Agricultural Water Management 37, n. 2 (luglio 1998): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(98)00035-3.

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Carminati, Andrea, Ahmad B. Moradi, Doris Vetterlein, Peter Vontobel, Eberhard Lehmann, Ulrich Weller, Hans-Jörg Vogel e Sascha E. Oswald. "Dynamics of soil water content in the rhizosphere". Plant and Soil 332, n. 1-2 (23 gennaio 2010): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0283-8.

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Ward, P. R., R. A. Lawes e D. Ferris. "Soil-water dynamics in a pasture-cropping system". Crop and Pasture Science 65, n. 10 (2014): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14046.

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Pasture cropping is a farming system in which annual crops are sown into established perennial pastures. It may provide environmental benefits such as increased groundcover and reduced deep drainage, while allowing traditional crop production in the Mediterranean-style climate of south-western Australia. In this research, we investigated deep drainage and the temporal patterns of water use by a subtropical perennial grass, annual crops, and a pasture-cropping system over a 4-year period. Both the pasture and pasture-cropped treatments reduced deep drainage significantly, by ~50 mm compared with the crop treatment. Competition between the pasture and crop components altered patterns of average daily water use, the pasture-cropped treatment having the highest water use for July, August and September. Consequently, water-use efficiency for grain production was lower in the pasture-cropped plots. This was offset by pasture production, so that over a full 12-month period, water-use efficiency for biomass production was generally greater for the pasture-cropped plots than for either the pasture or crop monocultures. Pasture cropping may be a viable way of generating sustainable economic returns from both crop and pasture production on sandy soils of south-western Australia.

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Wan, Changgui, Ibrahim Yilmaz e Ronald E. Sosebee. "Seasonal soil–water availability influences snakeweed root dynamics". Journal of Arid Environments 51, n. 2 (giugno 2002): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0942.

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Young, Michael H., Lynn F. Fenstermaker e Jayne Belnap. "Monitoring water content dynamics of biological soil crusts". Journal of Arid Environments 142 (luglio 2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.03.004.

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Jiménez-de-Santiago, Lidón e Bosch-Serra. "Soil Water Dynamics in a Rainfed Mediterranean Agricultural System". Water 11, n. 4 (17 aprile 2019): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040799.

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Rainfed Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by low water input and by soil water content below its field capacity during most of the year. However, erratic rainfall distribution can lead to deep drainage. The understanding of soil-water dynamics is essential to prevent collateral impacts in subsuperficial waters by leached pollutants and to implement suitable soil management (e.g., agronomic measures to avoid nitrate leaching). Soil water dynamics during two fallow years and three barley crop seasons was evaluated using the Leaching estimation and chemistry model in a semiarid Mediterranean agricultural system. Model calibration was carried out using soil moisture data from disturbed soil samples and from capacitance probes installed at three depths. Drainage of water from the plots occurred in the fall and winter periods. The yearly low drainage values obtained (<15 mm) indicate that the estimated annual nitrate leaching is also small, regardless of the nature of the fertilizer applied (slurries or minerals). In fallow periods, there is a water recharge in the soil, which does not occur under barley cropping. However, annual fallow included in a winter cereal rotation, high nitrate residual soil concentrations (~80 mg NO3−-N L−1) and a period with substantial autumn-winter rains (70–90 mm) can enhance nitrate leaching, despite the semiarid climate.

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Girona, J., M. Mata, E. Fereres, D. A. Goldhamer e M. Cohen. "Evapotranspiration and soil water dynamics of peach trees under water deficits". Agricultural Water Management 54, n. 2 (marzo 2002): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(01)00149-4.

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Farkas, C., A. Hagyó, E. Horváth e G. Várallyay. "A Chernozem soil water regime response to predicted climate change scenarios". Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (30 giugno 2008): S58—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1410-swr.

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Climate, hydrology and vegetation are closely linked at local, regional and global scales. The recent land use and plant production systems are adapted to the present climatic conditions. Thus, studies on the influence of possible climate change scenarios on the water and heat regimes of the soil-plant-atmosphere system are important in order to work out plant production strategies, adjusted to changed conditions. In this study the effect of two possible climate change scenarios on the soil water regime of a Chernozem soil was estimated for a Hungarian site. Soil water content dynamics simulated for different conventional and soil conserving soil tillage systems were evaluated, using the SWAP soil water balance simulation model. The combined effect of different soil tillage systems and climate scenarios was analysed. Climate scenarios were represented through the cumulative probability function of the annual precipitation sum. The SWAP model was calibrated against the measured in the representative soil profiles soil water content data. The site- and soil-specific parameters were set and kept constant during the scenario studies. According to the simulation results, increase in the average growing season temperature showed increase in climate induced soil drought sensitivity. The evaluated soil water content dynamics indicated more variable and less predictable soil water regime compared to the present climate. It was found that appropriate soil tillage systems that are combined with mulching and ensure soil loosening could reliably decrease water losses from the soil. From this aspect cultivator treatment created the most favourable for the plants soil conditions. It was concluded that soil conserving soil management systems, adapted to local conditions could contribute to soil moisture conservation and could increase the amount of plant available water under changing climatic conditions.

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Ebel, B. A., E. S. Hinckley e D. A. Martin. "Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, n. 5 (15 maggio 2012): 1401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1401-2012.

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Abstract. Many forested watersheds with a substantial fraction of precipitation delivered as snow have the potential for landscape disturbance by wildfire. Little is known about the immediate effects of wildfire on snowmelt and near-surface hydrologic responses, including soil-water storage. Montane systems at the rain-snow transition have soil-water dynamics that are further complicated during the snowmelt period by strong aspect controls on snowmelt and soil thawing. Here we present data from field measurements of snow hydrology and subsurface hydrologic and temperature responses during the first winter and spring after the September 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Our observations of soil-water content and soil temperature show sharp contrasts in hydrologic and thermal conditions between north- and south-facing slopes. South-facing burned soils were ∼1–2 °C warmer on average than north-facing burned soils and ∼1.5 °C warmer than south-facing unburned soils, which affected soil thawing during the snowmelt period. Soil-water dynamics also differed by aspect: in response to soil thawing, soil-water content increased approximately one month earlier on south-facing burned slopes than on north-facing burned slopes. While aspect and wildfire affect soil-water dynamics during snowmelt, soil-water storage at the end of the snowmelt period reached the value at field capacity for each plot, suggesting that post-snowmelt unsaturated storage was not substantially influenced by aspect in wildfire-affected areas. Our data and analysis indicate that the amount of snowmelt-driven groundwater recharge may be larger in wildfire-impacted areas, especially on south-facing slopes, because of earlier soil thaw and longer durations of soil-water contents above field capacity in those areas.

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Ebel, B. A., E. S. Hinckley e D. A. Martin. "Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2012): 441–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-441-2012.

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Abstract. Many forested watersheds with a substantial fraction of precipitation delivered as snow have the potential for landscape disturbance by wildfire. Little is known about the immediate effects of wildfire on snowmelt and near-surface hydrologic responses, including soil-water storage. Montane systems at the rain-snow transition have soil-water dynamics that are further complicated during the snowmelt period by strong aspect controls on snowmelt and soil thawing. Here we present data and analysis from field measurements of snow hydrology and subsurface hydrologic and temperature responses during the first winter and spring after the September 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Our observations of soil-water content and soil temperature show sharp contrasts in hydrologic and thermal conditions between north- and south-facing slopes. South-facing burned soils were ~1–2 °C warmer on average than north-facing burned soils and ~1.5 °C warmer than south-facing unburned soils, which affected soil thawing during the snowmelt period. Soil-water dynamics also differed by aspect: in response to soil thawing, soil-water content increased approximately one month earlier on south-facing burned slopes than on north-facing burned slopes. While aspect and wildfire affect soil-water dynamics during snowmelt, soil-water storage at the end of the snowmelt period reached the value at field capacity for each plot, suggesting that post-snowmelt unsaturated storage was not substantially influenced by aspect in wildfire-affected areas. Our data and analysis indicate that snowmelt-driven groundwater recharge may be larger in wildfire-impacted areas, especially on south-facing slopes, because of earlier soil thaw and longer durations of soil-water contents above field capacity in those areas.

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Klenk, P., S. Jaumann e K. Roth. "Quantitative high-resolution observations of soil water dynamics in a complicated architecture using time-lapse ground-penetrating radar". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, n. 3 (2 marzo 2015): 1125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1125-2015.

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Abstract. High-resolution time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) observations of advancing and retreating water tables can yield a wealth of information about near-surface water content dynamics. In this study, we present and analyze a series of imbibition, drainage and infiltration experiments that have been carried out at our artificial ASSESS test site and observed with surface-based GPR. The test site features a complicated but known subsurface architecture constructed with three different kinds of sand. It allows the study of soil water dynamics with GPR under a wide range of different conditions. Here, we assess in particular (i) the feasibility of monitoring the dynamic shape of the capillary fringe reflection and (ii) the relative precision of monitoring soil water dynamics averaged over the whole vertical extent by evaluating the bottom reflection. The phenomenology of the GPR response of a dynamically changing capillary fringe is developed from a soil physical point of view. We then explain experimentally observed phenomena based on numerical simulations of both the water content dynamics and the expected GPR response.

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Klenk, P., S. Jaumann e K. Roth. "Quantitative high-resolution observations of soil water dynamics in a complicated architecture with time-lapse Ground-Penetrating Radar". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, n. 11 (4 novembre 2014): 12365–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-12365-2014.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. High-resolution time-lapse Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) observations of advancing and retreating water tables can yield a wealth of information about near-surface water content dynamics. In this study, we present and analyze a series of imbibition, drainage and infiltration experiments which have been carried out at our artificial ASSESS test site and observed with surface based GPR. The test site features a complicated but known subsurface architecture constructed with three different kinds of sand. It allows studying soil water dynamics with GPR under a wide range of different conditions. Here, we assess in particular (i) the accurate determination of soil water dynamics averaged over the whole vertical extent by evaluating the bottom reflection and (ii) the feasibility of monitoring the dynamic shape of the capillary fringe reflection. The phenomenology of the GPR response of a dynamically changing capillary fringe is developed from a soil physical point of view. We then explain experimentally observed phenomena based on numerical simulations of both the water content dynamics and the expected GPR response.

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Lebon, Eric, Vincent Dumas, Philippe Pieri e Hans R. Schultz. "Modelling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards". Functional Plant Biology 30, n. 6 (2003): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp02222.

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A geometrical canopy model describing radiation absorption (Riou et al. 1989, Agronomie 9, 441–450) and partitioning between grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil was coupled to a soil water balance routine describing a bilinear change in relative transpiration rate as a function of the fraction of soil transpirable water (FTSW). The model was amended to account for changes in soil evaporation after precipitation events and subsequent dry-down of the top soil layer. It was tested on two experimental vineyards in the Alsace region, France, varying in soil type, water-holding capacity and rooting depth. Simulations were run over four seasons (1992–1993, 1995–1996) and compared with measurements of FTSW conducted with a neutron probe. For three out of four years, the model simulated the dynamics in seasonal soil water balance adequately. For the 1996 season soil water content was overestimated for one vineyard and underestimated for the other. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model responded strongly to changes in canopy parameters, and that soil evaporation was particularly sensitive to water storage of the top soil layer after rainfall. We found a close relationship between field-average soil water storage and pre-dawn water potential, a relationship which could be used to couple physiological models of growth and / or photosynthesis to the soil water dynamics.

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Couvreur, V., J. Vanderborght, L. Beff e M. Javaux. "Horizontal soil water potential heterogeneity: simplifying approaches for crop water dynamics models". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, n. 5 (12 maggio 2014): 1723–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1723-2014.

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Abstract. Soil water potential (SWP) is known to affect plant water status, and even though observations demonstrate that SWP distribution around roots may limit plant water availability, its horizontal heterogeneity within the root zone is often neglected in hydrological models. As motive, using a horizontal discretisation significantly larger than one centimetre is often essential for computing time considerations, especially for large-scale hydrodynamics models. In this paper, we simulate soil and root system hydrodynamics at the centimetre scale and evaluate approaches to upscale variables and parameters related to root water uptake (RWU) for two crop systems: a densely seeded crop with an average uniform distribution of roots in the horizontal direction (winter wheat) and a wide-row crop with lateral variations in root density (maize). In a first approach, the upscaled water potential at soil–root interfaces was assumed to equal the bulk SWP of the upscaled soil element. Using this assumption, the 3-D high-resolution model could be accurately upscaled to a 2-D model for maize and a 1-D model for wheat. The accuracy of the upscaled models generally increased with soil hydraulic conductivity, lateral homogeneity of root distribution, and low transpiration rate. The link between horizontal upscaling and an implicit assumption on soil water redistribution was demonstrated in quantitative terms, and explained upscaling accuracy. In a second approach, the soil–root interface water potential was estimated by using a constant rate analytical solution of the axisymmetric soil water flow towards individual roots. In addition to the theoretical model properties, effective properties were tested in order to account for unfulfilled assumptions of the analytical solution: non-uniform lateral root distributions and transient RWU rates. Significant improvements were however only noticed for winter wheat, for which the first approach was already satisfying. This study confirms that the use of 1-D spatial discretisation to represent soil–plant water dynamics is a worthy choice for densely seeded crops. For wide-row crops, e.g. maize, further theoretical developments that better account for horizontal SWP heterogeneity might be needed in order to properly predict soil–plant hydrodynamics in 1-D.

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Couvreur, V., J. Vanderborght, L. Beff e M. Javaux. "Horizontal soil water potential heterogeneity: simplifying approaches for crop water dynamics models". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2014): 1203–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-1203-2014.

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Abstract. Soil water potential (SWP) is known to affect plant water status, and even though observations demonstrate that SWP distribution around roots may limit plant water availability, its horizontal heterogeneity within the root zone is often neglected in hydrological models. As motive, using a horizontal discretisation significantly larger than one centimetre is often essential for computing time considerations, especially for large scale hydrodynamics models. In this paper, we simulate soil and root system hydrodynamics at the centimetre scale and evaluate approaches to upscale variables and parameters related to root water uptake (RWU) for two crop systems: a densely seeded crop with an average uniform distribution of roots in the horizontal direction (winter wheat) and a wide-row crop with lateral variations in root density (maize). In a first approach, the upscaled water potential at soil–root interfaces was assumed to equal the bulk SWP of the upscaled soil element. Using this assumption, the 3-D high resolution model could be accurately upscaled to a 2-D model for maize and a 1-D model for wheat. The accuracy of the upscaled models generally increased with soil hydraulic conductivity, lateral homogeneity of root distribution, and low transpiration rate. The link between horizontal upscaling and an implicit assumption on soil water redistribution was demonstrated in quantitative terms, and explained upscaling accuracy. In a second approach, the soil–root interface water potential was estimated by using a constant rate analytical solution of the axisymmetric soil water flow towards individual roots. In addition to the theoretical model properties, effective properties were tested in order to account for unfulfilled assumptions of the analytical solution: non-uniform lateral root distributions and transient RWU rates. Significant improvements were however only noticed for winter wheat, for which the first approach was already satisfying. This study confirms that the use of 1-D spatial discretisation to represent soil-plant water dynamics is a worthy choice for densely seeded crops. For wide-row crops, e.g. maize, further theoretical developments that better account for horizontal SWP heterogeneity might be needed in order to properly predict soil-plant hydrodynamics in 1-D.

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Zhang, Minghe, Xuan Feng, Maksim Bano, Huiting Xing, Taihan Wang, Wenjing Liang, Haoqiu Zhou, Zejun Dong, Yafei An e Yinghao Zhang. "Review of Ground Penetrating Radar Applications for Water Dynamics Studies in Unsaturated Zone". Remote Sensing 14, n. 23 (26 novembre 2022): 5993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235993.

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For water dynamics investigation in unsaturated (vadose) zones, ground penetrating radar is a popular hydro-geophysical method because it is non-invasive for soil, has high resolution and the results have a direct link with water content. Soil water content and soil hydraulic properties are two key factors for describing the water dynamics in vadose zones. There has been tremendous progress in soil water content and soil hydraulic properties estimation with ground penetrating radar. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the application of ground penetrating radar for soil water dynamics studies. This paper first summarizes various methods for the determination of soil water content. including traditional methods in the surveys of surface ground penetrating radar, borehole ground penetrating radar, and off-ground ground penetrating radar, as well as relatively new methods, such as full waveform inversion, the average envelope amplitude method, and the frequency shift method. This paper further provides a review for estimating soil hydraulic properties with GPR according to the types of ground penetrating radar data. We hope that this review can provide a reference for the application of ground penetrating radar in soil water dynamics studies in the future.

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Liu, Yuan Yuan, Hai Yan Sun e Zhi Guo Zhang. "Identification and Optimization of Soil Water Movement Model Based on GA under Drip-Irrigation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (giugno 2014): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.148.

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Under drip irrigation, the drip discharge has a great influence on soil water movement and crop growth. Studying the soil water movement rules makes great realistic significance to the precise management. Based on soil dynamics theory, we measured the water movement distance of saline soil in Changji Xinjiang through outdoor tests. Then, we built transfer function models between drip discharge and water movement distance under drip irrigation and applied the genetic algorithm to identifying and optimizing model’s parameters. Comparing the soil water movement model’s dynamic change at the same drip discharge, the model’s validity is validated. It can solve the feedback adjusting according to crop root, and the waste of water resource is reduced.

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Bonini da Luz, Felipe, Martha Lustosa Carvalho, Daniel Aquino de Borba, Bruna Emanuele Schiebelbein, Renato Paiva de Lima e Maurício Roberto Cherubin. "Linking Soil Water Changes to Soil Physical Quality in Sugarcane Expansion Areas in Brazil". Water 12, n. 11 (12 novembre 2020): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113156.

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Brazil is the world’s largest sugarcane producer with projections for expanding the current area by 30% in the coming years, mainly in areas previously occupied by pastures. We assess soil water changes induced by land-use change (LUC) for sugarcane expansion in the central-south region of Brazil. For that purpose, soil samples were collected in a typical LUC sequence (native vegetation–pasture–sugarcane) in two contrasting soil textures (i.e., sandy and clayey). Soil hydro-physical properties such as pores size distribution, bulk density, soil water content, water tension, and drainage time at field capacity, plant-available water, and S-index were analyzed. Our data showed that long-term LUC from native vegetation to extensive pasture induced severe degradation in soil physical quality and soil water dynamics. However, conventional tillage used during conversion from pasture to sugarcane did not cause additional degradation on soil structure and soil water dynamics. Over time, sugarcane cultivation slightly impaired soil water and physical conditions, but only in the 10–20 cm layer in both soils. Therefore, we highlight that sustainable management practices to enhance soil physical quality and water dynamics in sugarcane fields are needed to prevent limiting conditions to plant growth and contribute to delivering other ecosystem services.

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Liu, Bingxia, e Ming’an Shao. "Modeling soil–water dynamics and soil–water carrying capacity for vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China". Agricultural Water Management 159 (settembre 2015): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.06.019.

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41

Modise, David M., Michael D. Glenn e Morris Ingle. "THE DYNAMICS OF HYDRAULIC LIFT IN PEACH TREE". HortScience 30, n. 2 (aprile 1995): 187b—187. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.187b.

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The split root technique was used to study water afflux in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] from wet to dry soil through root systems that bridge wet and dry soil. Peach trees conduct hydraulic lift (HL) to ameliorate water deficits in dry soil layers, under conditions of low transpirational demand. The objectives of this study were to examine the magnitude of HL in peach and to determine its effect on nutrient uptake from dry soil. In addition, the split root system was used to measure peach water uptake from soil supporting `Kentucky 31' tall fescue [Festuca arundinaceae (Schreb)] and determine the diurnal partitioning of water use from covered and bare soil treatments. A Scholander pressure bomb was used to record hourly measurements of water potentials (10 am to 4 p m), daily for a total of 14 days in 3 replicates (1 tree/rep.). Leaf stomata1 resistance was measured using a porometer, simultaneously with the water potential measurements. The CR 7 datalogger was used to record water transfer into the dry root section. 15N was applied in the 15-30 cm root zone, and the concentration in the leaves was determined using a mass spectrometer. Results obtained will be discussed in relation to objectives stated above.

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Nielsen, Christian, Oliver Bühler e Palle Kristoffersen. "Soil Water Dynamics and Growth of Street and Park Trees". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33, n. 4 (1 luglio 2007): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2007.027.

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Soil water dynamics were studied in 100 street tree planting pits and in the soil surrounding five park trees. Volumetric soil water content and stem cross-sectional area increment were measured on both park and street trees. Different levels of irrigation were implemented on the 100 street trees. Winter assessments of soil wetness at field capacity showed that the water retention capacity was lower in street planting pits than in the park soil attributable to the rather coarse substrate used in the planting pits. High variability among street tree planting pits in regard to water retention capacity was determined and may be related to poor standardization of the substrates, but may also be affected by varying drainage conditions. The rate of water loss in the street tree planting pits was very high immediately after rainfall or irrigation and decreased exponentially during the first 10 days after water input. This was attributed to rapid drainage. The water loss rate in the park soil was on average slightly higher than in the nonirrigated control street pits but showed a more linear decrease over time. We concluded that the water loss in the park soil during summer was primarily driven by transpiration of trees (above 10 L/day [2.6 gal/day]), which complies with common Danish forest experience. The relationship between water loss and tree growth was reversed in the street tree planting pits. The street trees did consume water for growth, but growth and transpiration of the street trees were not a noticeably driving mechanism in the planting pit hydrology. The large variation in street tree increment is attributed to the variation among street planting pits in their ability to retain water. The faster the water loss rate, the slower the tree growth. Irrigation did not prevent final depletion of the soil water resource in planting pits, but irrigation elevated the water content for limited periods during the growing season and thereby enhanced tree growth. Besides the obvious possibilities for improved water balance by horizontal and vertical expansion of the rooting zone, we also suggest improving the water retention capacity of planting pit soil by adding clay nodules. Options for continuous monitoring of tree vitality and soil water content to optimize maintenance are discussed.

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Šimanský, Vladimír, e Peter Kováčik. "Carbon sequestration and its dynamics in water-stable aggregates". Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 60, n. 1 (1 marzo 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2014-0001.

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Abstract Sequestration of organic carbon in soils is an effective strategy to mitigate global climate change. Carbon sequestration leads to an increase in carbon stocks in soil, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving soil quality and crop production. There are several published articles containing information in which the authors explain carbon sequestration in different soil types under different climatic conditions or farming systems, but on the other hand there is less information about carbon sequestration in water-stable aggregates. In field experiment, the manner in which different soil management practices influence carbon sequestration and its dynamics in water-stable aggregates was studied. We evaluated the soil samples taken from Haplic Luvisol (Dolná Malanta - Slovakia) from all treatments of tillage (conventional, minimal and grassland) and fertilisation (without fertilisation, crop residues together with NPK fertilisers and only NPK fertilisers). The maintenance of carbon concentration within soil under conventional tillage and in native grassland was due to an enhanced incorporation of new organic matter from the coarse fraction of particulate organic matter to macro-aggregates and in treatment with ploughed crop residue together with NPK fertilisers, there was besides of this caused by the reduction of carbon mineralisation from the fine fraction. Soil management practices have a significant effect on the re-distribution of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates. In conventional and minimal tillage, very important sources of carbon sequestration are agronomical favourable size fractions of water-stable macro-aggregates and in native grassland, as well as in all fertiliser treatments, the most important source of carbon sequestration is water-stable micro-aggregates.

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Musinovich, Sarimsakov Maksudkhon, e Kimsanov Ibrahim Khaitmuratovich. "The Determination Of Soil Moisturization Dynamics Four Factor Experience". American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, n. 11 (13 novembre 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue11-01.

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This article presents the data of a four-factor experiment to determine the soil moisture perimeter in the field of drip irrigation in intensive gardening and to further increase the efficiency of water use.

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Ket, Pinnara, Chantha Oeurng e Aurore Degré. "Estimating Soil Water Retention Curve by Inverse Modelling from Combination of In Situ Dynamic Soil Water Content and Soil Potential Data". Soil Systems 2, n. 4 (2 ottobre 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040055.

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Soil water retention curves (SWRCs) are crucial for characterizing soil moisture dynamics, and are particularly relevant in the context of irrigation management. Inverse modelling is one of the methods used to parameterize models representing these curves, which are closest to the field reality. The objective of this study is to estimate the soil hydraulic properties through inverse modelling using the HYDRUS-1D code based on soil moisture and potential data acquired in the field. The in situ SWRCs acquired every 30 min are based on simultaneous soil water content and soil water potential measurements with 10HS and MPS-2 sensors, respectively, in five experimental fields. The fields were planted with drip-irrigated lettuces from February to March 2016 in the Chrey Bak catchment located in the Tonlé Sap Lake region, Cambodia. After calibration of the van Genuchten soil water retention model parameters, we used them to evaluate the performance of HYDRUS-1D to predict soil moisture dynamics in the studied fields. Water flow was reasonably well reproduced in all sites covering a range of soil types (loamy sand and loamy soil) with root mean square errors ranging from 0.02 to 0.03 cm3 cm−3.

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Ngan, Nguyen Vo Chau, Huynh Van Thao e Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam. "Nutrient dynamics in water and soil under conventional rice cultivation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta". F1000Research 10 (5 gennaio 2023): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73904.2.

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Background The evaluation of nutrient variability plays a crucial role in accessing soil potentials and practical intervention responses in rice production systems. Synthetic fertilizer applications and cultivation practices are considered key factors affecting nutrient dynamics and availability. Here, we assessed the nutrient dynamics in surface, subsurface water and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation practices in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Methods We implemented a field experiment (200 m 2) in the 2018 wet season and the 2019 dry season in a triple rice-cropping field. Surface water, subsurface water (30–45 cm), and topsoil (0–20 cm) were collected eight samples during the rice-growing seasons to clarify its nutrient dynamic. Results The results showed that N-NH 4 +, P-PO 4 3- and total P peaks were achieved after fertilizing. Irrespective of seasons, the nutrient content in surface water was always greater than that of subsurface water ( P<0.001), with the exception of N-NO 3 -, no significant difference was disclosed ( P>0.05). When comparing the wet and dry seasons, nutrient concentrations exhibited minor differences ( P>0.05). Under conventional rice cultivation, the effects of synthetic fertilizer topdressing on the total N, soil organic matter (SOM), and total P were negligible in the soil. Higher rates of N fertilizer application did not significantly increase soil N-NH 4 +, total N, yet larger P fertilizer amounts substantially enhanced soil total P ( P<0.001). Conclusions Under conventional rice cultivation, the low concentration of N-NH 4 +, P-PO 4 3- and total P in the subsurface water indicated that nutrient losses mainly occur through runoff rather than leaching. Notably, nutrient content in soil was fairly high, whilst SOM was varied from low to medium between seasons. Future work should consider the nutrient balance and nutrient dynamic simulation on surface and subsurface.

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Carrera, Alberto, Matteo Longo, Ilaria Piccoli, Benjamin Mary, Giorgio Cassiani e Francesco Morari. "Electro-Magnetic Geophysical Dynamics under Conservation and Conventional Farming". Remote Sensing 14, n. 24 (9 dicembre 2022): 6243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246243.

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In the context of global warming, agriculture faces severe challenges such as water scarcity and soil erosion. Key to achieving soil sustainability is the choice of farming practices, the consequences of which are generally site-specific. In this study, the ability of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Electro Magnetic Induction (EMI) methods were assessed for monitoring the effects of conventional (CONV) and conservation (CONS) agricultural practices. The aim is to highlight differences in soil water distribution caused by both short- and long-term effects of the two different practices. Results demonstrated that both ERT and EMI provided sufficient information to distinguish between the effects of CONV and CONS, while traditional direct measurements, being punctual techniques, lacked sufficient spatial resolution. The ERT transects showed that the soil was much more homogeneous as a result of CONS practices, resulting in a higher sensitivity to changes in the water content. Conversely, due to the heterogeneous soil structure under CONV, water distribution was more irregular and difficult to predict. Similar patterns were also observed with the EMI surveys, with a strong link to spatial variability. Finally, we conclude that for CONV soil, the accessible water for the plant is clearly controlled by the soil heterogeneities rather than by the forcing atmospheric conditions. This study is a first step towards paving the way for more refined hydrology models to identify which soil parameters are key to controlling spatial and temporal changes in soil water content.

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Smith, Aaron, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Hjalmar Laudon, Marco Maneta e Chris Soulsby. "Assessing the influence of soil freeze–thaw cycles on catchment water storage–flux–age interactions using a tracer-aided ecohydrological model". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, n. 8 (13 agosto 2019): 3319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3319-2019.

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Abstract. Ecohydrological models are powerful tools to quantify the effects that independent fluxes may have on catchment storage dynamics. Here, we adapted the tracer-aided ecohydrological model, EcH2O-iso, for cold regions with the explicit conceptualization of dynamic soil freeze–thaw processes. We tested the model at the data-rich Krycklan site in northern Sweden with multi-criterion calibration using discharge, stream isotopes and soil moisture in three nested catchments. We utilized the model's incorporation of ecohydrological partitioning to evaluate the effect of soil frost on evaporation and transpiration water ages, and thereby the age of source waters. The simulation of stream discharge, isotopes, and soil moisture variability captured the seasonal dynamics at all three stream sites and both soil sites, with notable reductions in discharge and soil moisture during the winter months due to the development of the frost front. Stream isotope simulations reproduced the response to the isotopically depleted pulse of spring snowmelt. The soil frost dynamics adequately captured the spatial differences in the freezing front throughout the winter period, despite no direct calibration of soil frost to measured soil temperature. The simulated soil frost indicated a maximum freeze depth of 0.25 m below forest vegetation. Water ages of evaporation and transpiration reflect the influence of snowmelt inputs, with a high proclivity of old water (pre-winter storage) at the beginning of the growing season and a mix of snowmelt and precipitation (young water) toward the end of the summer. Soil frost had an early season influence of the transpiration water ages, with water pre-dating the snowpack mainly sustaining vegetation at the start of the growing season. Given the long-term expected change in the energy balance of northern climates, the approach presented provides a framework for quantifying the interactions of ecohydrological fluxes and waters stored in the soil and understanding how these may be impacted in future.

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Sławiński, C., J. Cymerman, B. Witkowska-Walczak e K. Lamorski. "Impact of diverse tillage on soil moisture dynamics". International Agrophysics 26, n. 3 (1 luglio 2012): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0043-5.

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Impact of diverse tillage on soil moisture dynamicsThe influences of traditional and reduced tillage on the water content dynamics of two soils were investigated in a long-term field experiment under nearly the same meteorological conditions for a winter wheat monoculture during three years. In addition to the moisture changes, the basic physicochemical properties, water retention, differential porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the investigated soils were measured. The results have shown the dependence between moisture and the tillage system applied for both types of soil. The soil water content was higher under reduced tillage in comparison to traditional management.

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Sala, O. E., W. K. Lauenroth e W. J. Parton. "Long-Term Soil Water Dynamics in the Shortgrass Steppe". Ecology 73, n. 4 (agosto 1992): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940667.

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