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1
Wang, Yu, Feng Pan, Qiong Wang, Jie Luo, Qin Zhang, Yingying Pan, Chenliang Wu e Wei Liu. "The Effect of Different Remediation Treatments on Soil Fungal Communities in Rare Earth Tailings Soil". Forests 13, n. 12 (24 novembre 2022): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13121987.
Abstract (sommario):
Extensive mining of rare earth deposits has caused severe soil erosion, resulting in the degradation of plant–soil systems and the reduction in microbial diversity. Combined ecological remediation technology is the key method of vegetation reconstruction and ecological restoration in abandoned tailings. In this study, the effects of different cover crops–biochar–organic fertilizer and biochar–organic fertilizer treatments on soil fungal communities in rare earth tailings soil were analysed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to analyse saprophytic, mycorrhizal, and potential pathogenic fungi in soils after different combined remediations. Moreover, the effects of soil environmental factors on fungal community species’ composition were analysed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) after different combined remediations. LEfSe indicated a risk of citrus pathogenicity by Diaporthaceae indicator fungi after biochar–organic fertilizer combined treatment. RDA and VPA revealed that pH was the main environmental factor affecting the fungal community in the different combined remediation treatments. Additionally, the Paspalum wettsteinii cover crops–biochar–organic fertilizer and biochar–livestock manure treatments were more conducive to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi recruitment. We also clarified the fungal community composition structure, soil environmental factors, and fungal community relationships in rare earth tailings soil after different combined remediation treatments.
2
Lu, Yichang, Jiaqi Cheng, Jieni Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Yijun Tian, Chenxiao Liu, Leichang Cao e Yanmei Zhou. "Efficient Remediation of Cadmium Contamination in Soil by Functionalized Biochar: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects". Processes 10, n. 8 (17 agosto 2022): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081627.
Abstract (sommario):
Heavy metal pollution in soil seriously harms human health and animal and plant growth. Among them, cadmium pollution is one of the most serious issues. As a promising remediation material for cadmium pollution in soil, functionalized biochar has attracted wide attention in the last decade. This paper summarizes the preparation technology of biochar, the existing forms of heavy metals in soil, the remediation mechanism of biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil, and the factors affecting the remediation process, and discusses the latest research advances of functionalized biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil. Finally, the challenges encountered by the implementation of biochar for remediating Cd contamination in soil are summarized, and the prospects in this field are highlighted for its expected industrial large-scale implementation.
3
Lee, Sang-Hwan, Soon-Oh Kim, Sang-Woo Lee, Min-Suk Kim e Hyun Park. "Application of Soil Washing and Thermal Desorption for Sustainable Remediation and Reuse of Remediated Soil". Sustainability 13, n. 22 (12 novembre 2021): 12523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212523.
Abstract (sommario):
Global governance of soil resources as well as revitalizations and remediation of degraded areas seem to be necessary actions for sustainable development. A great deal of effort has gone into developing remediation technologies to remove or reduce the impact of these contaminants in the environment. However, contaminated soil remediations in stringent conditions deteriorate soil properties and functions and create the need for efficient soil revitalization measures. Soil washing (SW) and thermal desorption (TD) are commonly used to remediate contaminated soil and can significantly reduce the contaminant, sometimes to safe levels where reuse can be considered; however, the effects of treatment on soil quality must be understood in order to support redevelopment after remediation. In this review, we discussed the effects of SW and TD on soil properties, including subsequent soil quality and health. Furthermore, the importance of these techniques for remediation and reclamation strategies was discussed. Some restoration strategies were also proposed for the recovery of soil quality. In addition, remediated and revitalized soil can be reused for various purposes, which can be accepted as an implementation of sustainable remediation. This review concludes with an outlook of future research efforts that will further shift SW and TD toward sustainable remediation.
4
Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D., Ahmed Albahnasawi, Gomaa A. M. Ali, Mohammed J. K. Bashir, Nadim K. Copty, Salem S. Abu Amr, Mohammed F. M. Abushammala e Tahra Al Maskari. "Recent Advances of Nanoremediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation: A Review". Water 13, n. 16 (10 agosto 2021): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162186.
Abstract (sommario):
Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields including in soil and groundwater remediation. Nanoremediation has emerged as an effective, rapid, and efficient technology for soil and groundwater contaminated with petroleum pollutants and heavy metals. This review provides an overview of the application of nanomaterials for environmental cleanup, such as soil and groundwater remediation. Four types of nanomaterials, namely nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), are presented and discussed. In addition, the potential environmental risks of the nanomaterial application in soil remediation are highlighted. Moreover, this review provides insight into the combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technologies. The study demonstrates that nZVI had been widely studied for high-efficiency environmental remediation due to its high reactivity and excellent contaminant immobilization capability. CNTs have received more attention for remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants because of their unique adsorption characteristics. Environmental remediations using metal and MNPs are also favorable due to their facile magnetic separation and unique metal-ion adsorption. The modified nZVI showed less toxicity towards soil bacteria than bare nZVI; thus, modifying or coating nZVI could reduce its ecotoxicity. The combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technology is shown to be a valuable soil remediation technique as the synergetic effects may increase the sustainability of the applied process towards green technology for soil remediation.
5
Samokhvalova, V., A. Fateev, S. Zuza, Ya Pogromska, V. Zuza, Ye Panasenko e P. Gorpinchenko. "Phytoremediation of technologically polluted soils". Agroecological journal, n. 1 (5 marzo 2015): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2015.272192.
Abstract (sommario):
We have elaborated the methodological approach for phytoremediation of anthropogenic contamination of soils by heavy metals (HM) according to the results of soil-geochemical investigations of the impact zones of the anthropogenic emissions of pollution sources of JSC «Ukrzink», JSC «Avdiivka coking plant» in Donetsk region. Methodological approach to anthropogenic contamination soil with HM is developed, method of soil phytoremediation for its more effective use, in which due to the expansion of spectrum use as phytoremediation dominant herbaceous wild plant species of competing families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae with their interleaving in space and time, significantly extended the range of extraction different hazard classes HM out of the soil, increasing the efficiency of their biological remediation of different soil layers with increasing depth cleaning directly in the area of HM pollution (in situ), which ensures the minimization of the costs, continuity and intensification of the phytoremediation process of contaminated soils. The technical result of the elaborated method is expanding the range of plant remediaton use of different competitive families resistant to contamination and various biological potential phytoextraction and phytoaccumulation of HM, which ensures the reduction of soil cleanup, optimize its use due to the reduction of the period of biological remediation and remediation of contaminated soils and simultaneous avoidance of excessive process load on the soil.
6
Pan, Lixuan, Liangang Mao, Haonan Zhang, Pingping Wang, Chi Wu, Jun Xie, Bochi Yu et al. "Modified Biochar as a More Promising Amendment Agent for Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soils: Modification Methods, Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives". Applied Sciences 12, n. 22 (14 novembre 2022): 11544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211544.
Abstract (sommario):
With the acceleration of the process of agricultural modernization, many pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) are applied to the field and finally brought into the soils, causing serious damage to the environment. The problem of pesticide pollution has become increasingly prominent. This has highlighted the urgent need for effective and efficient remediation treatment technology for pesticide-contaminated soils. Biochar has a high specific surface area, high porosity, and strong adsorption capacity, making it a soil amendment agent and carbon fixation agent that can improve soil health and enhance adsorption capacity for pesticides to remediate contaminated soils. Recently, efforts have been made to enhance the physicochemical and adsorption properties of biochar by preparing modified biochar, and it has been developed to expand the application of biochar. Specifically, the following aspects were reviewed and discussed: (i) source and modification methods of biochar for pesticide remediation; (ii) the effect of biochar on the environmental fate of remediating pesticides; (iii) the effect of biochar on pesticide-contaminated soils; and (iv) potential problems for the large-scale promotion and application of biochar remediation of pesticides. In conclusion, this review may serve as a reference and guide for pesticide remediation, hence reducing the environmental concerns associated with pesticides in soil.
7
Taraqqi-A-Kamal, A., Christopher J. Atkinson, Aimal Khan, Kaikai Zhang, Peng Sun, Sharmin Akther e Yanrong Zhang. "Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils". Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 4 (30 marzo 2021): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/544/2020-pse.
Abstract (sommario):
The focus of this study is on the soil physicochemical, biological, and microbiological processes altered by biochar application to heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils. The aim is to highlight agronomical and environmental issues by which the restorative capacity of biochar might be developed. Literature shows biochar can induce soil remediation, however, it is unclear how soil processes are linked mechanistically to biochar production and if these processes can be manipulated to enhance soil remediation. The literature often fails to contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar alters soil function. It is clear that factors such as biochar feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, application rate, and soil type are determinants in biochar soil functionality. These factors are developed to enhance our insight into production routes and the benefits of biochar in HM soil remediation. Despite a large number of studies of biochar in soils, there is little understanding of long-term effects, this is particularly true with respect to the use and need for reapplication in soil remediation.
8
Lee, Sang Hwan, Jung Hyun Lee, Woo Chul Jung, Misun Park, Min Suk Kim, Seung Jae Lee e Hyun Park. "Changes in Soil Health with Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Two Different Remediation Technologies". Sustainability 12, n. 23 (3 dicembre 2020): 10078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310078.
Abstract (sommario):
For sustainable soil management, there is an increasing demand for soil quality, resilience, and health assessment. After remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated soils, changes in the physicochemical and ecological characteristics of the soil were investigated. Two kinds of remediation technologies were applied to contaminated soils: land farming (LF) and high temperature thermal desorption (HTTD). As a result of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), PHC-contaminated soils were efficiently remediated by LF and HTTD. The soil health could not be completely recovered after the removal of pollutants due to adverse changes in the soil properties, especially in soil enzyme activities. Therefore, monitoring is necessary for accurate estimation of soil ecotoxicity and effective remediation, and additional soil management, such as fertilizer application or organic amendments, is needed to restore soil heath. In the case of HTTD, soil ecological properties are severely changed during the remediation process. The decision to reuse or recycle remediated soils should reflect changes in soil quality. HTTD is a harsh remediation method that results in deterioration of soil fertility and ecological functions. Alternatives, such as low-temperature thermal desorption or additional soil management using fertilizer or organic amendments, for example, are needed.
9
Kowalska, Aneta, Bal Ram Singh e Anna Grobelak. "Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO2 Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation". Energies 15, n. 24 (13 dicembre 2022): 9452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249452.
Abstract (sommario):
The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO2 emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment (S1), and the lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge (S2). Post-mining soils under four different remediation stages were used. The study was conducted in the spring of 2021 and 2022. The aim of the study was to assess the C sequestration in sewage sludge amended and non-amended post-mining soils at differently advanced remediation techniques. We noticed an increase in or stabilization of SOC in the S1. The stabilization of SOC was observed for the soil with a higher remediation age (S1C, S1D). The remediation of the S2 resulted in the increase in SOC among the soil remediation age. For both soils, we noticed a negative CO2 emission from the soil under remediation, and the net CO2 emission rate (NCER) further decreased after one year. A positive C feedback of both remediation techniques was shown to reflect lower active carbon (POXC). We also noticed an increase in nutrient content (K, Mg), and a decrease in heavy metals content after 1 year. Such a positive relationship between the remediation of post-mining soils and C sequestration indicates a step towards climate change mitigation.
10
Barbosa Ferreira, Maiara, Aline Maria Sales Solano, Elisama Vieira dos Santos, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle e Soliu O. Ganiyu. "Coupling of Anodic Oxidation and Soil Remediation Processes: A Review". Materials 13, n. 19 (27 settembre 2020): 4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194309.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years, due to industrial modernization and agricultural mechanization, several environmental consequences have been observed, which make sustainable development difficult. Soil, as an important component of ecosystem and a key resource for the survival of human and animals, has been under constant contamination from different human activities. Contaminated soils and sites require remediation not only because of the hazardous threat it possess to the environment but also due to the shortage of fresh land for both agriculture and urbanization. Combined or coupled remediation technologies are one of the efficient processes for the treatment of contaminated soils. In these technologies, two or more soil remediation techniques are applied simultaneously or sequentially, in which one technique complements the other, making the treatment very efficient. Coupling anodic oxidation (AO) and soil remediation for the treatment of soil contaminated with organics has been studied via two configurations: (i) soil remediation, ex situ AO, where AO is used as a post-treatment stage for the treatment of effluents from soil remediation process and (ii) soil remediation, in situ AO, where both processes are applied simultaneously. The former is the most widely investigated configuration of the combined processes, while the latter is less common due to the greater diffusion dependency of AO as an electrode process. In this review, the concept of soil washing (SW)/soil flushing (SF) and electrokinetic as soil remediation techniques are briefly explained followed by a discussion of different configurations of combined AO and soil remediation.
11
Kim, Jin-Wook, Young-Kyu Hong, Hyuck-Soo Kim, Eun-Ji Oh, Yong-Ha Park e Sung-Chul Kim. "Metagenomic Analysis for Evaluating Change in Bacterial Diversity in TPH-Contaminated Soil after Soil Remediation". Toxics 9, n. 12 (24 novembre 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9120319.
Abstract (sommario):
Soil washing and landfarming processes are widely used to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil, but the impact of these processes on soil bacteria is not well understood. Four different states of soil (uncontaminated soil (control), TPH-contaminated soil (CS), after soil washing (SW), and landfarming (LF)) were collected from a soil remediation facility to investigate the impact of TPH and soil remediation processes on soil bacterial populations by metagenomic analysis. Results showed that TPH contamination reduced the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and alpha diversity of soil bacteria. Compared to SW and LF remediation techniques, LF increased more bacterial richness and diversity than SW, indicating that LF is a more effective technique for TPH remediation in terms of microbial recovery. Among different bacterial species, Proteobacteria were the most abundant in all soil groups followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes. For each soil group, the distribution pattern of the Proteobacteria class was different. The most abundant classed were Alphaproteobacteria (16.56%) in uncontaminated soils, Deltaproteobacteria (34%) in TPH-contaminated soils, Betaproteobacteria (24%) in soil washing, and Gammaproteobacteria (24%) in landfarming, respectively. TPH-degrading bacteria were detected from soil washing (23%) and TPH-contaminated soils (21%) and decreased to 12% in landfarming soil. These results suggest that soil pollution can change the diversity of microbial groups and different remediation techniques have varied effective ranges for recovering bacterial communities and diversity. In conclusion, the landfarming process of TPH remediation is more advantageous than soil washing from the perspective of bacterial ecology.
12
Silva, José Leôncio de Almeida, Sergio Nascimento Duarte, Demetrius David Da Silva e Neyton De Oliveira Miranda. "Reclamation of salinized soils due to excess of fertilizers: evaluation of leaching systems and equations". DYNA 86, n. 210 (1 luglio 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n210.77391.
Abstract (sommario):
In regions with intense irrigation, the use of fertirrigation increases crop productivity, but excessive fertilizer application increases the risk of soil salinization. Therefore, this work used leaching equations to evaluate systems of remediation of soils salinized by excess fertilizers. The phases of the study were: salinization of soils in lysimeters, remediation of these soils, and measurement of salt concentrations in soils for comparison with estimates of empirical equations. The treatments combined soil remediation systems (continuous and intermittent) with five initial levels of soil salinity (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 dS m-1). The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates. The Volobuyev equation best represented the salinized soil remediation in relation to the results obtained experimentally. The equations tested showed better performance in the intermittent remediation system compared to the continuous system.
13
Baek, Dong-Jun, Ye-Eun Kim, Moon-Young Jung, Hye-On Yoon e Jinsung An. "Feasibility of a Chemical Washing Method for Treating Soil Enriched with Fluorine Derived from Mica". Minerals 11, n. 2 (29 gennaio 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020134.
Abstract (sommario):
High levels of fluorine in soil may pose health risks and require remediation. In this study, the feasibility of using a practical chemical washing method for the removal of fluorine from an enriched soil was evaluated. The chemical washing procedures were optimized through experimental analyses of various washing solutions and washing conditions (i.e., washing solution concentration, solid–liquid ratio, agitation speed, and reaction time). Additionally, the effects of techniques for improving the washing efficiency, such as ultrasonic washing, aeration, and multi-stage washing, were evaluated. Herein, among all applied methodologies, the maximum washing efficiency achieved for the total fluorine present in soil was only 6.2%, which indicated that chemical washing was inefficient in remediating this particular soil. Further sequential extraction analysis showed that the fluorine in this soil was present in a chemically stable form (residual fraction), possibly because of the presence of mica minerals. It was demonstrated that chemical washing may not be effective for remediating soils containing such chemically stable forms of fluorine. In these cases, other physical-based remediation technologies or risk management approaches may be more suitable.
14
Liang, Li. "Numerical Simulation Method for Microbial Remediation Effect of Nano Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil". Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (4 agosto 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3318917.
Abstract (sommario):
Heavy metal soil remediation is an important component in mitigating environmental problems, and microbial remediation has good treatment effect, good environmental affinity, and high treatment cost treatment efficiency. Numerical simulations of soil remediation effects enable the selection of suitable remediation methods and the determination of the optimal remediation input ratio. However, the current numerical simulation mainly relies on a single mathematical model, and the simulation error is large when applied to the microbial remediation with large variability. Numerical simulation methods of microbial remediation impacts of heavy metal contaminated soils will be investigated to overcome the foregoing problems. By researching the migratory law of heavy metal contaminated soil components, the process of microbial remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil will be examined, and a microbial proliferation model will be constructed. The numerical simulation of microbial remediation effect is realized by using HYDRUS to inverse solve the data of small laboratory tests and obtain the relevant parameters for numerical simulation. The maximum simulation error of the method studied at the time of testing was 2.1%, the simulation trend was consistent with the real remediation effect, and the simulation results were reliable. Although the simulation results of the numerical simulation method of the microbial remediation effect of heavy metal polluted soil proposed in this paper differ from actual values of the microbial remediation of heavy metals in soil, the overall trend of changes in soil heavy metal content is similar. It reveals that the outcomes of the approach investigated in this work are somewhat trustworthy when numerically modeling the effect of microbial remediation of heavy metals in soils. In other words, the numerical modeling approach utilized in this work to examine the impact of microbial remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is highly precise and effective.
15
SHIRATORI, Toshikazu. "Contaminated Soil Remediation". Shigen-to-Sozai 119, n. 8 (2003): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.119.441.
16
Ren, Ke, Fangyuan Teng, Shejiang Liu e Xiuli Liu. "Analysis of the Effect of Soil Remediation Processes Contaminated by Heavy Metals in Different Soils". Water 14, n. 24 (8 dicembre 2022): 4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244004.
Abstract (sommario):
Heavy metal pollution in China’s soil is very serious, and soil remediation is urgent. At present, most of the domestic and foreign research is aimed at one soil type for soil heavy metal pollution remediation. However, the distribution of heavy metals and the effect of remediation with chemical agents are different for different soils. This study is committed to investigating the effect of WTF on the remediation of heavy metal contamination in different soils based on the existing research in the laboratory. The influence of soil quality on remediation efficiency was analyzed by TCLP leaching of heavy metals, and different forms of heavy metals were extracted from the soil using the BCR method. The experimental results showed that the soil environment was alkaline, and the response to a low addition of WTF was more obvious. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis yielded that the increase in the organic matter content led to an increase in the oxidizable Cd content. The WTF remediation did not change the overall acidity and alkalinity of the soil so that the overall soil environment remained stable; it increased the organic matter content and added fertility to the soil, and it increased the activity of most enzymes in the soil and promoted the circulation of the soil elements, making the soil fertile.
17
XIAO, Huiping, Fangfang LI, Fang ZHANG, Haoyu LONG e Ling LAN. "Mechanisms of electrokinetic technology to remediate different soils contaminated by cadmium". E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 04050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404050.
Abstract (sommario):
Five typical soils were selected as Cd-contaminated media in an electrokinetic remediation experiment, to reveal comprehensive relationships between soil physicochemical properties and electrokinetic remediation. Results showed that after 20 days of remediation, removal efficiencies of Cd from red soil, black soil, yellow brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and paddy soil were 80.8%, 79.3%, 78.2%, 62.7%, and 74.1%, respectively. Levels of soil pH, conductivity, cation exchange capacity in fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil treatments were generally higher than the other three types of soils, which indicated some connections between Cd removal efficiencies and the above soil characteristics. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil H+ concentration was significantly correlated with Cd concentration and soil cation exchange capacity, and the correlation coefficients were -0.462 and -0.457, respectively. It is confirmed that H+ concentration is one of the important factors affecting the electrokinetic remediation of soil polluted by Cd.
18
Jamil, Norashira, Aziman Madun, Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin e Zaidi Embong. "An Overview of Electrokinetic Remediation Assisted Phytoremediation to Remediate Barren Acidic Soil". Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (luglio 2015): 1476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1476.
Abstract (sommario):
Electrokinetic has proven to be alternative technique to remediate pollution and increase soil strength for soft soil. This remediation method has been applied to remediate the hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminant. Phytoremediation is a technique used to remediate the hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminant. Both of this remediation technique has been proven as attractive alternative to clean up polluted soils. Although barren acidic soil is not categories as hazardous, the necessity of covered soil surface is on demand in order to minimize the surface erosion. Other than that, this remediation technology also helps in horticulture in order to enlarge the plantation and farming area. This paper will explain the formation of barren acidic soil, principles electrokinetic remediation for remediation of barren acidic soil and application of phytoremediation in order to sustain the process of remediation. Correlation of both remediation methods will minimize the acidic ion migration and sustain the pH value on soil surface for grass, vegetable or palm oil plantation.
19
Rahman, Alexandre. "Remediation Technology for the Restoration of Polluted Soil". Science Insights 41, n. 2 (29 luglio 2022): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re071.
Abstract (sommario):
One of the most serious environmental issues is soil pollution. With the increase in contaminated sites, how to safely and effectively remediate these contaminated soils has become an urgent environmental problem in our country. This paper summarizes the most commonly used remediation technologies and research progress for contaminated soil in the United States and abroad, including physical remediation, chemical remediation, and bioremediation. Each repair technique has advantages and disadvantages. To get around the problems with a single method and make the most of the benefits of different remediation technologies, it was suggested that research and development of comprehensive remediation technologies for contaminated soils be stepped up.
20
Chen, Chuan Min, Xuan Liu, Tao Chen e Song Tao Liu. "The Detection and Remediation Technologies of PCB-Contaminated Soils". Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (giugno 2015): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.212.
Abstract (sommario):
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the organic pollutants that of persistence, fat soluble and character such as biological toxicity, widely distributed. It also showed a highly persistent in the environment, strong enrichment and high biological toxicity, having the serious harm to human health and ecological environment. The final destination of PCBs in the environmental system is soil and sediment due to its highly distribution coefficient between sediment and water. PCBs in soil is difficult to decompose and has strong adsorption. Therefore, the detection and remediation of PCBs in soil is very critical. PCBSin soil detection technologies becoming matured at present. Such as dual column gas chromatography analysis method, GC – MS, enzyme immunoassay for PCBs detecting have been widely used. Low cost, high resolution and high accuracy detection technology has been more and more attention. For the remediation technologies of contaminated soils, chemical remediation, bioremediation technologies developed fast. Efficient, economic and environmental multiple remediation method, such as elution pretreatment on contaminated soil, combination of multiple remediation techniques are the development direction of the future. Based on the analysis on detection and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil. The principle and suitable condition of different detection methods and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil was studied in this paper. To provide technical support to remediation the PCB-contaminated soils.
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Chen, Xuejun, Zhemin Shen, Yangming Lei, Bingxin Ju e Wenhua Wang. "Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of Cd and Pb spiked soil coupled with cation exchange membrane". Soil Research 44, n. 5 (2006): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05117.
Abstract (sommario):
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is one of the popular and promising in situ remediation techniques for metal-contaminated soils, but the remediation effect is strongly affected by soil type and chemical species of contaminants; moreover, pH is very difficult to control. This paper investigates the species of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in simulating contaminated soil before and after EK remediation, and the soil is a typical silt loam soil from Shanghai. Heavy metal speciation in the soil sample was analysed through a sequential extraction procedure. Cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and conductive solution were applied to improve the remediation efficiency. Both methods help to keep acid conditions and CEM can prevent anions in the cathodic compartment from penetrating into the soil sample system. The pH of the soil specimen was acidic during the test, and Cd was quickly removed from the soil while Pb was removed more slowly. The average removal efficiencies of Cd and Pb were 68.7 and 38.7%, respectively, after 60 h of remediation.
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Bian, Wen, Yan Yu e Dong Yao Xu. "Advances on Remediation Techniques of Cd in Contaminated Soil". Advanced Materials Research 600 (novembre 2012): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.3.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper the harm of Cd in soil and current situation of soil contaminated by Cd were discussed, and then the remediation technologies of Cd contaminated soils, which included engineering remediation methods, chemical remediation methods, bioremediation methods and agriculture remediation methods at home and abroad were roundly introduced. At the same time, pointed out existing problems and proposed research directions in the future.
23
Cui, Jia-Qi, Qing-Sheng He, Ming-Hui Liu, Hong Chen, Ming-Bo Sun e Jian-Ping Wen. "Comparative Study on Different Remediation Strategies Applied in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 5 (2 marzo 2020): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051606.
Abstract (sommario):
Due to the increasing pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs), it is an important task to develop eco-friendly and highly efficient methods for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. In this study, bioremediation technology was applied to remediate PHs contaminated soils, and the bacterial community structure and physicochemical characteristics of the soil treated using different bioremediation regimens were analyzed. Compared with the control condition (S0), the PHs removal efficiency of biostimulation (S2) and bioaugmentation (S3) was increased significantly. Combined biostimulation with bioaugmentation (S4) had the highest PHs removal efficiency, up to 60.14 ± 4.12%. Among all the selected remediation strategies (S1–S4, S1: soil moisture content: 25–30%), the bacterial alpha-diversity was higher than in S0. The genera Acinetobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Microbacterium, and Parabacteroides were found to greatly contribute to PHs’ degradation. In the group S4, the PH-degraders and soil enzyme activity were higher than in the other remediation regimens, and these indices gradually decreased in the mid-to-later periods of all remediation tests. Additionally, the abundance of alkB and nah genes was increased by improving the environmental condition of the microorganism communities. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) had a positive correlation with total PHs degradation. This study offers insights into the microbial community response to environmental factors during bioremediation, which shows a promoting effect in enhancing the efficiency of PHs remediation.
24
Cui, Fang, e Bo Yuan. "The Remediation Standards and Evaluation Methods for Remediation Effectiveness of Contaminated Soil". Advanced Materials Research 414 (dicembre 2011): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.68.
Abstract (sommario):
The contaminated soil remediation standard formulation's aim is under the premise of ensuring the reuse of contaminated land, to reduce or cut the contaminants which cause to receive in the more serious contaminated soil environment is insufficient to lead to greater ecological damage and health risks. In this paper, some suggestions on the establishment of remediation standards for contaminated soils such as clean technology factors, factors of soil background values, standards and regulations to control pollution of ecological factors and assessment of toxicological risks were put forward, based on the analysis of the disadvantages of soil environmental quality standard research on evaluation methods for remediation effectiveness of contaminated soil, commonly used evaluation methods, such as phytotoxicity testing, terrestrial invertebrate toxicity testing, soil microorganism toxicity testing and biomarker assessment methods were described. Furthermore, future research directions were also discussed.
25
Shuang, Cui, Han Qing e Zhang Tianyi. "Overview of leaching remediation of heavy metal contamination in soil". E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124502005.
Abstract (sommario):
The remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil can be divided into bioremediation, physical remediation and chemical remediation. Chemical remediation mainly includes soil leaching and chemical curing. There are two kinds of soil leaching remediation methods: in situ soil leaching remediation and ectopic leaching remediation. The eluent of heavy metals in soil includes inorganic eluent, chelating agent, surfactant and so on. Soil leaching can be applied to the remediation of contaminated soil alone or combined with other remediation methods.
26
Mazarji, Mahmoud, Muhammad Tukur Bayero, Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova, Saglara Mandzhieva, Andrey Tereshchenko, Anna Timofeeva et al. "Realizing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Greener Remediation of Heavy Metals-Contaminated Soils by Biochar: Emerging Trends and Future Directions". Sustainability 13, n. 24 (14 dicembre 2021): 13825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413825.
Abstract (sommario):
The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is always an important topic, as environmental contamination by HMs is of serious concern. Numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the UN’s sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. The aim of this study was to address how the soil-science professions may best successfully utilize biochar for greener remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock, and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated soil, were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, and present good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview summarized the current advances in the application for the remediation of HMs-polluted soils. Future views on the usage and possibilities for deploying biochar-based nanocomposites in polluted soils were discussed.
27
Yi, Yong Min, e Kijune Sung. "Soil quality assessment of remediated soils". Korean Ecological Engineering Society 9, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33214/kees.2022.9.1.11.
Abstract (sommario):
Since the use of the remediated soil is undetermined, the quality of the soil should be appropriately evaluated according to its future use. In this study, we developed a soil quality assessment method that can be applied to soils after the remediation process. Soil quality was assessed based on soils that require productivity for use in agricultural fields and landscaping in uncontaminated, contaminated, and remediated cases using soil washing, landfarming, and thermal desorption. The results showed that the quality of soil washing treated deteriorated the most compared to landfarming and thermal desorption-treated soil, assessed based on the case of use as field soil. In the case of thermal desorption, the range of reduction was smaller than that of soil washing, but soil quality decreased slightly after remediation. However, in the case of landfarming, there was no change in soil quality after remediation. The soil quality indices calculated for landscaping also decreased the most in the soil washing because organic matter and pH decreased during the process. In the case of thermal desorption and landfarming, all the soil quality decreased due to contamination, but it increased slightly after remediation. The two indices applied in this study, SQIT and SQIA, showed similar trends, suggesting that both can be used for soil quality evaluation. Further research is needed on how much the soil quality evaluation results presented in this study can reflect the various services the soil ecosystem provides, that is, the actual soil functions in these soils.
28
Burlakovs, J., M. Klavins e A. Karklina. "Remediation of Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals by Using Zeolite and Humic Acid Additives". Latvian Journal of Chemistry 51, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2012): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10161-012-0019-6.
Abstract (sommario):
- Soil remediation at contaminated sites very often needs customized approach, because of the different content of pollutants. Various technologies from simple soil excavation and transporting to hazardous waste landfills to different kinds of remediation by vitrification and the use of additives can be used for the treatment of soil. A series of remediation experiments using zeolites and humic acids were applied to soil contaminated with copper. Remediation can be performed with easily available additive materials of natural origin found near the place of application, in order to diminish the leaching of contaminants. Soils contaminated and spiked with copper were mixed with additives, and ion selective electrode potentiometry was used in order to establish the stability constants of humic-metal complexes. Thus the study provides an opportunity to gain information on the fate of copper variously mixed with potential remediation agents zeolites and humic acids - as additives to contaminated soils.
29
Li, Chun Rong, Abao Wei e Tao Chen. "Phytoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (ottobre 2011): 2737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2737.
Abstract (sommario):
Corn, sunflower and alfalfa were taken as remediation plants. Their phytoremediation and degradation kinetic of petroleum were investigated under field experiment. The results indicated that petroleum degradation rates of corn, sunflower and alfalfa remediation areas reached 42.5%, 46.4% and 44.7% after 150 days of remediation, which were increased by 100.5%, 118.9% and 110.8% compared with that in control area, respectively. Petroleum degradation rates of sunflower remediation areas﹥alfalfa remediation areas’﹥corn remediation areas’, whose half-lifes were 165d, 182d and 193d, respectively, which were decreased by 297d, 279d and 269d compared with that in control area, respectively. The remediation effects of corn, sunflower and alfalfa were obvious.
30
Bertin, Henri, Estefania Del Campo Estrada e Olivier Atteia. "Foam placement for soil remediation". Environmental Chemistry 14, n. 5 (2017): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17003.
Abstract (sommario):
Environmental contextSoil pollution is an important concern and remediation techniques, especially in situ techniques, should be studied. We investigate a new technique based on foam generation and placement inside the porous soil to improve the pollutant extraction. This technique could be useful when the soils are heterogeneous because it allows a complete soil sweeping. AbstractFoam can be generated in porous media, mainly by snap-off phenomena, by co-injecting gas and a surfactant solution. The liquid films that separate the gas bubbles, called lamellae, and gas trapping in small pores where capillary pressure is high generate a resistance to flow that drastically decreases fluid mobilities in porous media. Experiments performed with a 2D laboratory pilot consisting of two layers with different properties clearly highlight that foam is generated in the high-permeability layer and will divert flow towards the low-permeability region. This behaviour is of great interest for the remediation of heterogeneous polluted soils.
31
Kowalska, Aneta, Marek Kucbel e Anna Grobelak. "Potential and Mechanisms for Stable C Storage in the Post-Mining Soils under Long-Term Study in Mitigation of Climate Change". Energies 14, n. 22 (15 novembre 2021): 7613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227613.
Abstract (sommario):
Carbon storage in soil increases along with remediation of post-mining soils. Despite many studies on the issue of carbon sequestration in soils, there is a knowledge gap in the potential and mechanisms of C sequestration in post-mining areas. This research, including nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, determines the soil organic carbon formation progress in a long-term study of limestone (S1), and lignite (S2) post-mining soil under different remediation stages. The main remediation target is reforesting; however, S2 was previously amended with sewage sludge. The study showed that for S1, the O-alkyl groups were the dominant fraction in sequestered soil. However, for S2, increased fractions of acetyl-C and aromatic C groups within remediation progress were observed. The remediation of S1 resulted in improved hydrophobicity and humification; however, the decrease in aromatic groups’ formation and C/N ratio was noted. For S2, we noticed an increase for all indicators for sequestered C stability, which has been assigned to the used sewage sludge in remediation techniques. While both post-mining soils showed huge potential for C sequestration, S2 showed much higher properties of sequestered C indicating its higher stabilization which can suggest that soils non-amended with sewage sludge (S1) require more time for stable storage of C.
32
Zheng, Haozhe. "Microbial Electrochemical-based Biofuel Cell System for Remediation of Oil Contaminated Soil". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (30 dicembre 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.3655.
Abstract (sommario):
With the growing problem of oil seepage from gas stations around the world, remediation of oil-contaminated soils is receiving increased attention. Microbial electrochemical techniques have been shown to remove hydrocarbons from soil. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) show a strong potential to immobilize and dissipate contaminants using microorganisms. In this context, this review briefly introduces the conventional methods for remediation of petroleum soil contamination, focusing on the effects of different factors and configurations on the effectiveness of MFC remediation. Compared to traditional remediation methods, applying MFC to petroleum leaks in gas stations has better environmental and economic benefits. It does not require the application of chemicals or ex situ remediation of the soil, which largely reduces the cost and does not cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment such as soil or atmosphere. In the long term, this technology has a good potential to enhance the remediation effect by changing the applied electric field, soil texture, and petroleum degrading bacteria. In addition, making soil MFC simultaneously achieve combined remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and other contaminants remains to be studied. Finally, this paper emphasizes that there are few practical applications about MFC site remediation and there is a need to conduct site tests with large scale. If the pilot-scale tests are similar to the laboratory-scale treatment results, the technology will gain more popularity.
33
Campillo-Cora, Claudia, Diego Soto-Gómez, Manuel Arias-Estévez e David Fernández-Calviño. "Assessment of Polluted Soil Remediation Using Bacterial Community Tolerance to Heavy Metals as an Indicator". Agronomy 12, n. 10 (23 settembre 2022): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102280.
Abstract (sommario):
The assessment of remediation on metal-polluted soils is usually focused on total and/or bioavailable metal content. However, these chemical variables do not provide direct information about reductions in heavy metals pressure on soil microorganisms. We propose the use of bacterial communities to evaluate the efficiency of three remediation techniques: crushed mussel shell (CMS) and pine bark (PB) as soil amendments and EDTA-washing. A soil sample was polluted with different doses of Cu, Ni, and Zn (separately). After 30 days of incubation, the remediation techniques were applied, and bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals determined. If bacterial communities develop tolerance, it is an indicator that the metal is exerting toxicity on them. Soil bacterial communities developed tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn in response to metal additions. After remediation, bacterial communities showed decreases in bacterial community tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn for all remediation techniques. For Cu and Ni, soil EDTA-washing showed the greatest reduction of bacterial community tolerance to Cu and Ni, respectively, while for Zn the soil amendment with PB was the most effective remediation technique. Thus, bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals successfully detect differences in the effectiveness of the three remediation techniques.
34
Gidudu, Brian, e Evans M. N. Chirwa. "The Role of pH, Electrodes, Surfactants, and Electrolytes in Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soil". Molecules 27, n. 21 (30 ottobre 2022): 7381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217381.
Abstract (sommario):
Electrokinetic remediation has, in recent years, shown great potential in remediating polluted environments. The technology can efficiently remove heavy metals, chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, phenols, trichloroethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and entire petroleum hydrocarbons. Electrokinetic remediation makes use of electrolysis, electroosmosis, electrophoresis, diffusion, and electromigration as the five fundamental processes in achieving decontamination of polluted environments. These five processes depend on pH swings, voltage, electrodes, and electrolytes used in the electrochemical system. To apply this technology at the field scale, it is necessary to pursue the design of effective processes with low environmental impact to meet global sustainability standards. It is, therefore, imperative to understand the roles of the fundamental processes and their interactions in achieving effective and sustainable electrokinetic remediation in order to identify cleaner alternative solutions. This paper presents an overview of different processes involved in electrokinetic remediation with a focus on the effect of pH, electrodes, surfactants, and electrolytes that are applied in the remediation of contaminated soil and how these can be combined with cleaner technologies or alternative additives to achieve sustainable electrokinetic remediation. The electrokinetic phenomenon is described, followed by an evaluation of the impact of pH, surfactants, voltage, electrodes, and electrolytes in achieving effective and sustainable remediation.
35
Paz-Ferreiro, Jorge, Gabriel Gascó, Ana Méndez e Suzie Reichman. "Soil Pollution and Remediation". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, n. 8 (5 agosto 2018): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081657.
36
Strom, Peter F. "In Situ Soil Remediation". Soil Science 164, n. 12 (dicembre 1999): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199912000-00011.
37
O'SULLIVAN, DERMOT. "Soil remediation gains momentum". Chemical & Engineering News 69, n. 47 (25 novembre 1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n047.p024.
38
Bekuzarova, S. A., O. G. Burdzieva, I. G. Arkhireeva e L. V. Dzobelova. "Soil degradation and remediation". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 913 (12 settembre 2020): 052054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/913/5/052054.
39
Landfried, L., e M. Mattfeldt-Beman. "Soil Remediation Using Sunflowers". Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 115, n. 9 (settembre 2015): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.231.
40
Okx, Joop P., Leen Hordijk e Alfred Stein. "Managing soil remediation problems". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3, n. 4 (dicembre 1996): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986966.
41
Gwon, Yeseul, Seong Ryeol Kim e Eun Jung Kim. "Effect of Soil Washing Using Oxalic Acid on Arsenic Speciation and Bioaccessibility in Soils". Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, n. 4 (30 aprile 2020): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.4.218.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives : Soil washing process has been widely applied for remediation of contaminated soil with arsenic and heavy metals in Korea. The application of soil washing could change physical and chemical properties of soils and metal speciation in soil, which could affect the risk to the environment and human health. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate metal and arsenic speciation and their mobility in soil after soil remediation in order to evaluate effectiveness of soil remediation process and manage soil quality effectively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of arsenic in soil after remediation of arsenic contaminated soil via soil washing.Methods : Arsenic contaminated soil collected at the abandoned mine site was washing with oxalic acid. The arsenic contaminated soil was divided into 2,000-500 µm, 500-250 µm, 250-150 µm, 150-75 µm, 75-38 µm, < 38 µm particle size fractions. After soil washing for each soil particle size fraction, arsenic speciation via sequential extraction and bioaccessibility in the soils were evaluated. Results and Discussion : Generally, arsenic and metal concentrations were higher in the soil fractions with smaller particle sizes. But high arsenic concentration was observed at the large particle size fractions (>250 µm), which might be due to the presence of mineral phases containing arsenic such as arsenolite or pyrite in the large particle size fraction soils. Sequential extraction showed that arsenic in mine soils was majorly present as associated with amorphous oxides. After soil washing with oxalic acid, arsenic in soils associated with amorphous oxides was greatly decreased, whereas the arsenic fraction associated sulfide and organic matter was increased. Soil washing decreased the bioaccessible arsenic concentration (mg/kg) in soil, but increased the bioaccessibility (%) depending on the soil characteristics. Conclusions : Soil washing changed arsenic species in soils, which affected mobility and risk of arsenic in soil.
42
Yan, Yunxian, Lingqing Wang e Jun Yang. "The Willingness and Technology Preferences of Farmers and Their Influencing Factors for Soil Remediation". Land 11, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2022): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101821.
Abstract (sommario):
Farmers are one of the major uncertainty factors in remediation of contamination farmland. Based on the face-to-face questionnaire survey data of 553 farmers in 4 heavy metal-contaminated agricultural soil remediation projects in China, this study used methods, such as structural equation modeling and random forest to explore farmers’ willingness to remediate, technology preference, and their key influencing factors for the first time. The results showed that farmers were willing to remediate contaminated soil and preferred phytoremediation, with 82.8% choosing phytoremediation, 12.5% choosing passivation, and 4.7% believing that the soil did not need to be remediated. In terms of willingness to remediate, the perceived benefits from participation in current remediation projects directly contributed to future willingness, with participation status (total impact coefficient 0.86) and perceived benefits (impact coefficient 0.49) being the main factors positively influencing farmers’ willingness. With regard to technology preference, technical characteristics (soil quality, 17.1%; secondary contamination, 16.8%; and remediation period, 11.5%) were the main influencing factors. The sustainability of passivation effect and the possible secondary contamination restrict the promotion of passivation, whereas the cessation of agricultural production during the long remediation period restricts the promotion of phytoremediation. It is recommended to increase farmers’ willingness to remediate by improving their perceived benefits and continuously overcoming the technical barriers by: (i) developing efficient and green passivators; and (ii) improving the efficiency of phytoremediation as well as intercropping or rotating cash crops while remediating. The results have important reference value for soil remediation in agricultural countries with small arable land per capita.
43
Batham, Manish, e Jot Sharma. "Remediation of Heavy Metals from Soil by Eco Approaches". Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2019.869984.
Abstract (sommario):
The contamination of soil by anthropogenic activities is of great concern in recent times. There is an urgent demand of reliable and eco-friendly approaches for remediation of this concern. The current techniques for heavy metal remediation from contaminated soil are costly, time consuming, and harmful for the environment. Toxicity of heavy metals can reduce plant growth, and a high level of presence of these heavy metals is a risk factor to human and plant health. Heavy metals neither biodegradable materials nor are created. They occur naturally in the earth crust, and they reach the environment by human activities. Organic compounds can be degraded, but metals cannot degrade, and therefore effective cleanup requires its immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Recently, research focuses on cost-effective technologies to clean polluted areas. Vermiremediation and phytoremediation are two such useful techniques. In these eco-friendly techniques of remediation, the target plants accumulate, volatilize the contaminants, or convert them into some nontoxic forms, thus remediating the soil.
44
Zhao, Lei, Cong Lyu e Yu Li. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Plant–Microbe Combined Remediation of Soil Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons". Sustainability 13, n. 19 (26 settembre 2021): 10695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910695.
Abstract (sommario):
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently detected in soil. Their biological toxicity and carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects pose a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. Firstly, the sources, physicochemical properties, and environmental hazards of PAHs are reviewed in this paper, and then their pollution status and different methods for their detection in soil are described in detail. The remediation technologies to treat pollution in the field and farmland are compared, and the technical status and factors influencing phytomicrobial remediation of PAHs in contaminated soil are evaluated in the most comprehensive way. The mechanisms of phytomicrobial remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil under different conditions are innovatively discussed. Additionally, the regulation mechanism of enzymes involved in plant and microbial degradation of PAHs in soils is studied. This is the first study on the regulation mechanism of degradation enzyme in a PAHs review. The aim of this paper is to review the pollution status, remediation technologies, mechanisms, and biodegradation actions of PAHs in soil. This review creatively provides reliable technical support for strengthening soil remediation and environmental management.
45
Marschalko, Marian, Tomas Kempa, Dariusz Popielarczyk, Miroslav Cernik, Michaela Vicherkova, Petr Vicherek e Dominik Niemiec. "Analysis of the Remediation of Coal Tar-Contaminated Groundwater Using Ex Situ Remediation". Water 14, n. 14 (10 luglio 2022): 2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142182.
Abstract (sommario):
The article describes the remediation of contaminated groundwater during the ex situ remediation of coal tar contamination following the closure of a coking plant in the Moravian–Silesian Region (Czech Republic). The aim of the article is to point out the advantages of ex situ soil remediation via the excavation of the contaminated geological environment combined with thermal desorption, a method of removing contaminants both from soil and groundwater. Its advantage is the absolute qualitative and quantitative control over the contaminated soil with the possibility of precise segmentation into contaminated and non-contaminated soils. Next, all contaminated groundwater may be pumped off upon the construction of sealing walls to control groundwater flows. To excavate the soil, it is necessary to reduce the contaminated groundwater level inside the sealing walls and thus create conditions for the extraction of contaminated soils using standard machinery. In detail, the article describes the removal of the contaminated groundwater and compares the quality of the pumped and inflowing water before and after the remediation. The locality is characteristic of a high horizontal and vertical grain-size heterogeneity of gravel-sand, which led to a varying filtration coefficient affecting the capacities of pumped groundwater quantity during the remediation. At the start of the remediation process, the contaminant levels exceeded the limits by the Czech Environmental Inspectorate several times. The post-remediation monitoring showed that all the contaminant levels were below the limit. Surprisingly, the overall groundwater contamination amounted to 232.86 t of contaminants as non-aqueous phase liquids, and 6872.9 kg of dissolved contaminants. As much as 12,200 t of contaminants were removed from the soil.
46
Gao, Jun, Muhammad Faheem e Xiang Yu. "Global Research on Contaminated Soil Remediation: A Bibliometric Network Analysis". Land 11, n. 9 (15 settembre 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091581.
Abstract (sommario):
Soil is an important aspect of the ecosystem that plays a crucial role in human population sustainability. Due to natural and anthropogenic activity, soil pollution has become a major environmental issue around the world. Since 1985, researchers have been studying the prevention and treatment of polluted soils. This study used bibliometric approaches to evaluate the soil remediation dataset in the Web of Science database during 2001–2020 to show current research trends and hot themes in quantitative analysis and soil remediation around the world. The findings suggest that the area of soil remediation has entered a period of rapid advancement. China excelled over all other countries in terms of the number of independent and collaborative articles published across soil pollution research worldwide. The findings revealed that the leading journals in the field of soil remediation include Science of the Total Environment, Microchemical Journal, and Journal of Hazardous Materials. Following closely behind the Chinese Academy of Sciences (428) and Zhejiang University (106) was the Russian Academy of Sciences (87). Furthermore, keyword frequency and co-word analyses showed the most important research subjects. Among them, the hot themes were recognized as “heavy metals”, “PAHs”, “bioremediation”, “phytoremediation”, and “electrokinetic remediation”. Understanding the current situation in soil remediation as well as providing directions for future research are the goals of this study.
47
Yu, Ke, Fu Zhen Zhang, Yong Hui Bo e Jie Liu. "Summary of Study on Technology to Soil Sulfur Pollution Remediation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (settembre 2014): 5399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5399.
Abstract (sommario):
With the strengthening of human activities, more and more sulfur had entered soil system. The sulfur pollution of soil had threaten environment and human health. This paper reviews the status, sources and danger of sulfur pollution soils, and the physical-chemical remediation and bioremediation technology are also discussed. In addition, the future study on remediation technology for sulfur pollution soils was prospected.
48
Niu, Yuan Yuan, Shi Chen Zhou, Xue Ying Tan, Ping Xu e Dong Li. "Influence of Cations in Anolytes on the Power Efficiency in the Electrokinetic Remediation of Chromium(VI)-Contaminated Soils". Advanced Materials Research 414 (dicembre 2011): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.106.
Abstract (sommario):
In the electrokinetic (EK) remediation of contaminated soils, the ions in porous fluid move out of soil and meanwhile the ions in electrolytes move in, resulting in the changes of soil conductance and remediation efficiency. This paper investigated the influence of different cations on the power efficiency of EK remediation of chromium-contaminated soils with Fe2+, Ca2+, H+, K+, and Na+ ions. Results showed that the cations of low equivalent ionic conductance can effectively decrease the power consumption meanwhile not deteriorating the removal rate of total chromium.
49
Ogwuche, Christiana E., Oghenekohwiroro Edjere e Grace Obi. "Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using Dried Yam Peels (Discorea sp) as a Case Study in Niger Delta Environment of Southern Nigeria". European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 4, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2023.4.1.355.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aimed at enhancing the remediation of crude oil polluted soil using yam peels. 2kg of the soil samples were polluted crude oil at different concentrations ranging from 5%, 10% and 15%. There were three amended and un-amended samples each labeled A-F. The amended samples were A, C and E which contained the following respectively, 5% polluted soil + 150g yam peels, 10% polluted soil + 150g of yam peels and 15% polluted soil + 150g yam peels. The un-amended samples were B, D and F which were called the control samples with 5%, 10% and 15% concentration of crude pollutant. Parameters such as soil moisture content, total organic carbon, pH and total hydrocarbon content were analyzed before and after remediation. The result showed that yam peels enhanced remediation of the soil especially in treatment A. The reduction in Total Hydrocarbon Content was highest in the 5% crude oil polluted soil sample resulting 57.4% and least at 15% polluted control sample resulting 44.2%. The higher the concentration of crude oil in the soil the lower the percentage degraded. Yam peels which are agro waste can enhance biodegradation of crude oil in polluted soil and therefore can act as remediating agent.
50
Yarima, A., R. Ali, A. A. Abdullahi e Z. Idris. "Nanotechnology: Review on Emerging Techniques in Remediating Water and Soil Pollutions". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, n. 5 (24 giugno 2020): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.31.
Abstract (sommario):
Environmental Pollution is becoming a global challenge in both developing and the developed countries, pollutants discharge from oil and gas industries and or agricultural practices continue effecting the health of human and other animal in an ecosystem in one way or the other. This necessitated the development of a techniques to clean up of the polluted environment. Remediation of pollutants relies mainly on using varioustechniques like physical, chemical and or biological methods for the removal of contaminants from different environmental media be it soil, water, and or air. These techniques have their own limitations as the toxicity of the degrading agents, time consuming and the fate of the environment after remediation matters a lot. Therefore, nanotechnology is gaining interest in remediating pollutions as nanoparticles are relatively cost effective, sensitive and selective and can be used as sensors to monitor toxins, organic contaminants and heavy metals in land, water and or air. The enhanced properties and effectiveness of nanotechnology-based materials makes them suitable for nano remediation. This review provides an overview of the nanomaterials: Organic based nanomaterials (Dendrimers), inorganic (TiO2, nZVI), carbon-based (Carbon nanotubes, (CNTs)), and composite-based materials) used in environmental remediation. These nanomaterials were reported to remediate different contaminants in theenvironment such as heavy metals, pathogens, pesticides, dyes, chlorinated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, Nano remediation, pollutions and environments.