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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Soil processes"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 8 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Soil processes"

1

Pukish, Arsen, Yaroslav Adamenko e Mirela Coman. "PEDOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN TECHNOSOILS". Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 32, n. 1 (2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2018.1.10.

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The article studies the correlation and regression analysis concentration of main ions in the soil. According to the research the empirical equations was received. The obtained dependencies can be used in the analytical studies of soil samples, modeling of salts dissemination in the soil, development of measures for the soil restoration, calculation of the needed amounts of subsidiary chemicals for saline soils restoration.

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2

Beylich, Anneke, Hans-Rudolf Oberholzer, Stefan Schrader, Heinrich Höper e Berndt-Michael Wilke. "Evaluation of soil compaction effects on soil biota and soil biological processes in soils". Soil and Tillage Research 109, n. 2 (agosto 2010): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.010.

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3

Baldrian, P. "Microbial enzyme-catalyzed processes in soils and their analysis". Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 9 (14 ottobre 2009): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/134/2009-pse.

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Currently, measuring enzyme activities in soils or other lignocellulose-based materials is technically feasible; this measurement is particularly suitable for evaluating soil processes of biopolymer (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, chitin and others) degradation by microbes and for assessing cycling and mobilization of principal nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. With some considerations, assay methods can provide reliable information on the concentration of enzymes in soil or the rates of enzyme-catalyzed processes. Enzyme analyses in recent studies demonstrated a high level of spatial variability of soil enzyme activity both in depth and in space. The vertical gradients of enzyme activities are most developed in forest soils. Furthermore, enzyme activity in soils is regulated by seasonally-dependent variables such as temperature, moisture and the input of fresh litter. While several enzymes are widely produced by different groups of soil microorganisms, some of them can be used as indicators of the presence or activity of specific microbial taxa.

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4

Nagare, R. M., P. Bhattacharya, J. Khanna e R. A. Schincariol. "Coupled cellular automata for frozen soil processes". SOIL Discussions 1, n. 1 (21 maggio 2014): 119–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-119-2014.

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Abstract. Heat and water movement in variably saturated freezing soils is a tightly coupled phenomenon. Strong coupling of water and heat movement in frozen soils moves considerable amounts of water from warmer to colder zones. The coupling is a result of effects of sub-zero temperature on soil water potential, heat carried by water moving under pressure gradients, and dependency of soil thermal and hydraulic properties on soil water content. This makes water and heat movement in variably saturated soils a highly non-linear process in mathematical terms. This study presents a one-dimensional cellular automata (direct solving) model to simulate coupled heat and water transport with phase change in variably saturated soils. The model is based on first order mass and energy conservation principles. The water and energy fluxes are calculated using first order empirical forms of Buckingham–Darcy's law and Fourier's heat law, respectively. The water-ice phase change is handled by integrating along experimentally determined soil freezing curve (unfrozen water content and temperature relationship) obviating the use of apparent heat capacity term. This approach highlights a further subtle form of coupling one in which heat carried by water perturbs the water content – temperature equilibrium and exchange energy flux is used to maintain the equilibrium rather than affect temperature change. The model is successfully tested against analytical and experimental solutions. Setting up a highly non-linear coupled soil physics problem with a physically based approach provides intuitive insights into an otherwise complex phenomenon.

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5

Andronov, E. E., E. A. Ivanova, E. V. Pershina, O. V. Orlova, Yu V. Kruglov, A. A. Belimov e I. A. Tikhonovich. "Analysis of soil microbiome indicators in processes of soil formation, organic matter transformation and processes involved with fine regulation of vegetative processes". Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, n. 80 (1 settembre 2015): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-80-83-94.

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At the current stage of soil microbiology development the study of the entire complex of microorganisms inhabiting the soil became possible, which helps finding the optimal combination of factors resulting in the formation of soil fertility as well as the development of stable and stress resistant phytocenosis. Soil metagenome is the largest genetic depository for all purposes, from the soil formation processes - transformation of barren rock into a substrate for plant growth and development, to the temporary adaptations in the short-term interests of the plant. The investigation of genetic potential of soil metagenome and its mobilization are the main goals of this project. Such studies should be comprehensive and solve actual issues: 1) the study of the mechanisms of soil-forming processes and the analysis of the evolution of metagenomes due to the special features of pedogenesis; 2) investigation of microbiome participation in organic residues decomposition and efficient transformation of soil organic matter; 3) screening of the associative plant-protective and growth promoting microorganisms. The object for the analysis of microbiome evolutionary potential in the process of soil formation may be the technogenic dumps resulting from mining operations, which are chronosequences of soils of different ages. Samples of paleosols are also of particular interest in the evolutionary aspect of the analysis of the soil metagenome. The project is expected to reveal a group of soil microorganisms, which take the most active part in the formation of soil fertility and effectively implement growth-stimulating and protective functions for the plant. The data may be of value for both fundamental science and serve as a base for the design of environmentally friendly high-productive phytocenoses based on the use of the adaptive potential of soil microbiota.

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6

Nagare, R. M., P. Bhattacharya, J. Khanna e R. A. Schincariol. "Coupled cellular automata for frozen soil processes". SOIL 1, n. 1 (14 gennaio 2015): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-103-2015.

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Abstract. Heat and water movement in variably saturated freezing soils is a strongly coupled phenomenon. The coupling is a result of the effects of sub-zero temperature on soil water potential, heat carried by water moving under pressure gradients, and dependency of soil thermal and hydraulic properties on soil water content. This study presents a one-dimensional cellular automata (direct solving) model to simulate coupled heat and water transport with phase change in variably saturated soils. The model is based on first-order mass and energy conservation principles. The water and energy fluxes are calculated using first-order empirical forms of Buckingham–Darcy's law and Fourier's heat law respectively. The liquid–ice phase change is handled by integrating along an experimentally determined soil freezing curve (unfrozen water content and temperature relationship) obviating the use of the apparent heat capacity term. This approach highlights a further subtle form of coupling in which heat carried by water perturbs the water content–temperature equilibrium and exchange energy flux is used to maintain the equilibrium rather than affect the temperature change. The model is successfully tested against analytical and experimental solutions. Setting up a highly non-linear coupled soil physics problem with a physically based approach provides intuitive insights into an otherwise complex phenomenon.

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7

Stonehouse, Bernard. "Biological processes in cold soils". Polar Record 35, n. 192 (gennaio 1999): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026279.

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AbstractThis paper presents a simple model of processes by which soils develop in polar and high-altitude regions. It reviews influences of seasonal freezing, permafrost, and vegetation on soil formation; discusses recently formulated concepts of disturbance and damage; and draws attention to developments in remediation, especially possibilities for encouraging natural soil regeneration and rehabilitation processes.

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8

Lemega, Nadiya. "Degradation processes in the soils of the Kolodnytsia River basin". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n. 51 (27 dicembre 2017): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8858.

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This article presents the results of soil degradation studies of the Kolodnytsia River basin. The basin approach is applied in soil-geographical studies. The conditions for the formation of soils are studied depending on the morphometric characteristics of the river basin and soil-bearing rocks. The analysis of the causes of the spread of degradation processes of various species, which cause soil degradation, is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the anthropogenic factor of soil degradation, which began with the development of the territory by white Croats, that is, more than a thousand years ago. To study the degradation processes in the soils of the basin of the Kolodnytsia River, the following methods were used: comparative-geographic, comparative-profile, analytical, statistical, cartographic, basin, and catena. Field studies were conducted in the after-vegetation period. Soil erosion is the most widespread degradation process in the basin of the Kolodnytsia River, which is characterized by the destruction of the soil cover, the removal, transfer and redeposition of the soil mass. Over the past decades, erosion degradation has accelerated and taken on greater dimensions. Erosion degradation caused a decrease in the thickness of the genetic profile of soils, in weakly eroded varieties by 20 cm, in moderately eroded ones by 44 cm. In cultivated soils, the structural and aggregate state deteriorates. The content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the size of 10-0.25 mm in the humus-eluvial horizon of NOT soil under the forest is 52.6 %, under arable land – 25.3 %. The structural and aggregate composition of soils is characterized as satisfactory, the structural ratio is 1.10. Water erosion not only leads to a change in the morphological characteristics and physical properties of the soil, but also to loss of humus in the soil, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients, a decrease in fertility and the like. To reduce soil degradation, it is necessary to minimize soil loading, improve the humus condition, and conserve moderately eroded soil. Key words: podzolic-soddy soils, degradation processes, water erosion, land conservation.

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9

Podvolotskaya, Guriyat, Sergey Belopukhov, Vitaly Savich, Andrey Sorokin e Nikolay Tyutrin. "Properties, processes and regimes of soil solutions and surface waters". E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 12022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017512022.

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Soil solutions and the surface waters are characterized by properties, processes and regimes. Soil solutions of different soils and their surface water have different biological activity and change the activity of dissolved stimulants and inhibitors. The object of the study are soil solutions of the main types of soils obtained in the model experiments with the ratio of soils: water equal to 1:1 and 1: 2, soil solutions and surface water in the flooding of soils with water for 1 week – 3 months. The research method consisted in the assessment of pH, Eh, activity of K, NO3, NH4, Ca, Mg by conventional methods, assessment of concentrations of water-soluble compounds extracted from soils by ionite membranes, in the assessment of biological activity of solutions using biotests. The following is suggested for additional evaluation: the using of cation and anion membranes, determination of interrelation between the properties of waters, equation of pair correlation and multiply regression. The informative value of the gradient of surface water concentrations at different distances from the floor of the reservoir, at different depths of the overwatered soils is shown. The mobility of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn in soils and the content of their water-soluble forms depends on both pH and Eh, whose influence on the content of water-soluble forms of the considered cations shows the effects of synergy and antagonism. The rate of change in the composition of soil solutions during soil flooding depends on a combination of soil properties, temperature, and duration of flooding. Soil solutions of different soils and their surface waters have differentrates.

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Sultanov, Karim, Pavel Loginov, Sabida Ismoilova e Zulfiya Salikhova. "Wave processes in determining mechanical characteristics of soils". E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704009.

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Mechanical characteristics of soils under dynamic and static loads are determined in laboratory conditions on special devices. Dynamic loads in the devices are initiated by an impact on a soil sample. Under the impact the waves are initiated in soil; they significantly affect the stress-strain state of soil samples placed in the device. Depending on the parameters of the impact load in the device, in different sections of soil sample there arise the stress-strain states, different in quality and quantity. Mechanical characteristics of soil, determined by this stress-strain state, also differ. The effect of stress-strain state of soil on its mechanical characteristics can be estimated theoretically. The initiation of the wave process and dynamic stress-strain state in soil sample placed in the device can be theoretically examined in detail. In this regard, the wave problem is set, which corresponds to the statement of experiments on the device of dynamic loading of soil. The law of soil strain is taken as an elastic-viscoplastic one. Numerical solution of wave equations is obtained by the finite difference method. Based on the analysis of stress-strain state of soil in various sections, obtained by numerical calculations, the condition is derived under which the effect of wave processes on mechanical characteristics of soils is eliminated. This condition (formula) establishes the relationship between the wavelength, the velocity of wave propagation in soil, the thickness of the soil sample in the device and the duration of dynamic load.

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Tesi sul tema "Soil processes"

1

Tenywa, Moses Makooma. "Soil erosion overland flow processes on spatially variable soils /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784853136528.

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2

Lotfabad, Soheila Karimi. "The transport processes in soil bioremediation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0010/NQ59983.pdf.

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3

Peruzzo, Luca. "Geoelectrical approaches for characterizing soil geochemical processes and soil-root interactions". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30015.

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Cette thèse porte sur les possibilités que les méthodes d’imagerie géoélectrique offrent à la fois pour la caractérisation des processus géochimiques mais aussi pour l’étude d’interaction sol-racines. La ligne conductrice de ce travail, repose sur la position centrale de la qualité des sols et des interactions racines-sols dans de nombreux problèmes environnementaux. En effet, un nombre croissant d’études rapportent l’importance des interactions mutuelles entre les racines et le sol. Dans cette optique, cette thèse explore l’utilisation le développements approfondis de méthodes géoélectriques. Les processus physico-chimiques ainsi que les interaction sol-racines sont à l’origine de mouvement d’eau et de soluté, d’altération de la structure des sols ainsi que de perturbations biologiques. Les méthodes géoélectriques sont potentiellement sensibles à ces modifications hydrologique et biochimique. La méthode de Polarisation Provoquée Spectrale (PPS) a été combinée avec des analyses et des modélisations géochimiques permettant de connaitre sa sensibilité à la composition du fluide interstitiel (contenu dans l’espace poral), du pH et de la force ionique. Plus particulièrement, la signature PPS de la substitution Na+/Cu2+ a été analysée car il s’agit d’un critère pertinent traduisant la qualité d’un sol et reconnu mondialement. L’analyse PPS a été réalisée sur un sable (silicate) saturé et pour des concentrations typiques de Na+/Cu2+ que l’on trouve classiquement dans des sols exposés à des utilisations de pesticides au Cuivre (Cu). Les résultats ont montré que le pH et la force ionique ont été les variables prépondérantes contrôlant le signal PPS, alors que des effets négligeables sont liés à la substitution Cu/Na. L’utilisation simultanée d’analyses chimiques et géophysiques en laboratoire a permis de mieux caractériser les processus de complexation étudiés et d’appuyer considérablement l’interprétation des signaux PPS. Enfin, la tomographie de résistivité électrique et la méthode de Mise-A-La-Masse ont été combinées pour développer une nouvelle approche d'imagerie du chemin préférentiel emprunté par le courant électrique dans le système racines-sols. Etant donné que la conduction électrique dans le sol et les racines est principalement électrolytique, l'approche proposée repose sur le mouvement de l'eau et des solutés dans le système racines-sol. Le potentiel de la méthode pour son application in-situ a été testée à l’aide d’une série d’expériences sur une vigne. À la suite des résultats prometteurs, la méthode a été développée et appliquée lors d’une expérience en laboratoire portant sur la croissance racinaire dans un rhizotron de plantes de coton et de maïs. La méthode s'est révélée sensible aux différences physiologiques entre les espèces et éventuellement à la réponse de la plante aux facteurs de stress environnementaux. De nouvelles expériences contrôlant les variables physiologiques des tissus racinaires sont nécessaires pour une meilleure compréhension de leurs influences. Les développements technologiques récents soutiennent fortement la diffusion de l’imagerie et du suivi géoélectriques à l'échelle du terrain. Dans ce contexte prometteur, les résultats de cette thèse contribuent au développement d'approches géoélectriques pour l'étude du sol et de ses interactions mutuelles avec les racines des plantes à des échelles spatio-temporelles pertinentes
In this thesis I investigate some of the possibilities offered by the use of geoelectrical methods for characterizing soil geochemical processes and root-soil interactions. The motivation for this thesis arises from the pivotal role of soil quality and root-soil interactions in manifold environmental issues. In addition, there is growing evidence of the importance of mutual interactions between roots and soil, for this reason this thesis explores the use of geoelectrical methods for more comprehensive approaches. Both soil physicochemical processes and root-soil interactions involve, among others, the movement of water and solutes, altercations of the soil structure, and biological feedbacks. Geoelectrical methods are potentially sensitivity to these hydrogeological and biogeochemical modifications. The Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) method was combined with geochemical analyses and modeling in order to investigate its sensitivity to pore fluid composition, pH, and ionic strength. In particular, the SIP signature of Na+/Cu2+ substitution was investigated because of their worldwide relevance for soil quality. The SIP investigation focused on saturated silica, and explored concentrations of Na+ and Cu2+ that are typical to agricultural soils exposed to the use of Cu pesticides. The results showed how pH and ionic strength were the main variables controlling the SIP signals, while negligible effects were related to the Cu/Na substitution. The concurrent use of chemical and geophysical laboratory experiments allowed a better characterization of the investigated complexation processes and significantly supported the interpretation of the SIP signals. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography and the Mise-A-La-Masse methods were combined to develop a novel approach for imaging the electric current pathways in the root-soil system. Since the current conduction in soil and roots is mostly electrolytic, the proposed approach relates to the movement of water and solutes within the root-soil system. The potential of the method for field investigations was explored with a set of experiments on a grapevine. In light of the promising results, the method was further developed and applied to rhizotron laboratory experiments on cotton and maize plants. The method proved to be sensitive to inter-species physiological differences and possibly to the plant response to environmental stressors. New experiments with physiological analyses of root tissues are needed to elucidate these aspects. Emerging technologies are strongly supporting to the diffusion of imaging and monitoring geoelectrical applications at the field-scale. In this promising context, the results of this thesis contribute to the development of geoelectrical approaches for studying soil and its mutual interactions with plant roots over relevant spatiotemporal scales

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4

Becher, Marina. "Cryogenic soil processes in a changing climate". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112509.

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A considerable part of the global pool of terrestrial carbon is stored in high latitude soils. In these soils, repeated cycles of freezing and thawing creates soil motion (cryoturbation) that in combination with other cryogenic disturbance processes may play a profound role in controlling the carbon balance of the arctic soil. Conditions for cryogenic soil processes are predicted to dramatically change in response to the ongoing climate warming, but little is known how these changes may affect the ability of arctic soils to accumulate carbon. In this thesis, I utilize a patterned ground system, referred to as non-sorted circles, as experimental units and quantify how cryogenic soil processes affect plant communities and carbon fluxes in arctic soils. I show that the cryoturbation has been an important mechanism for transporting carbon downwards in the studied soil over the last millennia. Interestingly, burial of organic material by cryoturbation appears to have mainly occurred during bioclimatic events occurring around A.D. 900-1250 and A.D. 1650-1950 as indicated by inferred 14C ages. Using a novel photogrammetric approach, I estimate that about 0.2-0.8 % of the carbon pool is annually subjected to a net downward transport induced by the physical motion of soil. Even though this flux seems small, it suggests that cryoturbation is an important transporter of carbon over centennial and millennial timescales and contributes to translocate organic matter to deeper soil layers where respiration proceeds at slow rates. Cryogenic processes not only affect the trajectories of the soil carbon, but also generate plant community changes in both species composition and abundance, as indicated by a conducted plant survey on non-sorted circles subjected to variable differential frost heave during the winter. Here, disturbance-tolerant plant species, such as Carex capillaris and Tofieldia pusilla, seem to be favoured by disturbance generated by the differential heave. Comparison with findings from a previous plant survey on the site conducted in the 1980s suggest that the warmer temperatures during the last decades have resulted in decreased differential heave in the studied non-sorted circles. I argue that this change in cryogenic activity has increased abundance of plants present in the 1980s. The fact that the activity and function of the non-sorted circles in Abisko are undergoing changes is further supported by their contemporary carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. Here, my measurements of CO2 fluxes suggest that all studied non-sorted circles act as net CO2 sources and thus that the carbon balance of the soils are in a transition state. My results highlight the complex but important relationship between cryogenic soil processes and the carbon balance of arctic soils.

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5

Tanaka, Ueru. "MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES OF SOIL SURFACE CRUSTING". Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202417.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第9610号
論農博第2144号
新制||農||747(附属図書館)
学位論文||H9||N3068(農学部図書室)
16502
UT51-97-H447
(主査)教授小﨑隆, 教授關谷次郎, 教授丸山利輔
学位規則第4条第2項該当

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6

Md, Som Amelia. "The impact of biochar on soil processes and its potential in soil remediation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648221.

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7

Heitman, Joshua L. "Measurement of coupled soil heat and water processes". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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8

Moreland, Scott J. "Traction Processes of Wheels in Loose, Granular Soil". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/278.

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This dissertation presents analyses of subsurface motions of soil beneath different traction devices and develops new explanations of traction processes of wheels operating in loose granular soil based on these observations. This dissertation shows how these findings are useful for the development of planetary rover mobility systems. Shear Interface Imaging Analysis (SIIA), is a new technique, developed as part of this thesis research. SIIA is employed for visualizing the effects of wheel operation on the soil beneath a rim, in richer detail than before possible. SIIA relies on high-speed imaging of sub-surface soil and on computer vision software to produce soil displacement fields, of high fidelity. The resulting data provides new insight and can reveal misconceptions about how wheels generate traction. Two comprehensive studies relying on SIIA are undertaken: the investigation of wheel grouser mechanics and the investigation of push-roll locomotion. Soil forward motion, at a wheel leading edge, is identified as a key behavior for the grousered wheels. As a result, an equation for grouser height/spacing relationship to achieve a higher performance grouser configuration is developed and validated. This expression relates grouser configuration to wheel parameters (wheel radius) and operational parameters (sinkage and slip). The soil mechanics behind Push-roll locomotion for high net traction and soft ground applications are presented. SIIA reveals that high thrust generated by push-roll locomotion is due to ground failure of the soil. Confirmation of the type of soil failure and of the application of operation in soft ground (where most vehicles would be embedded), brings forward the mobility gains of this non-typical locomotion mode and as a possible use for future planetary missions. Additionally, insight into fundamental traction processes such as thrust, sinkage and motion resistance, are discussed with experimental evidence from soil displacement fields. This research proves that accounting for soil motion is of the utmost importance for the understanding of traction in loose, granular soils. As a result of the specific technique utilized for directly studying soil motion, this research enables improved analysis and new design relevant to planetary rover mobility.

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Laughlin, R. J. "Processes responsible for denitrification in a grassland soil". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403169.

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10

Hensley, Patricia Jane. "Accelerated physical modelling of transport processes in soil". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292742.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Soil processes"

1

Tate, Robert L. Soil reclamation processes. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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2

Adewuyi, Bolanle, e Kayin Chukwu. Soil fertility: Characteristics, processes and management. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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3

Fournier, Arthur J. Soil erosion: Causes, processes, and effects. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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4

The soil as a reactor: Modelling processes in the soil. Cremlingen, West Germany: Catena Verlag, 1987.

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5

Soil processes: A systematic approach. London: Routledge, 1989.

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6

Sparks, D. L., e D. L. Suarez, a cura di. Rates of Soil Chemical Processes. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub27.

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7

Soil chemistry: Processes and constituents. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1999.

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8

R, Calvet, e Prost R. 1938-, a cura di. Soil pollution: Processes and dynamics. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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9

Kinetics of soil chemical processes. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.

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10

Marion, Giles M. Freeze-thaw processes and soil chemistry. [Hanover, N.H.]: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1995.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Soil processes"

1

Matchavariani, Lia. "Soil Processes". In World Soils Book Series, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18509-1_4.

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2

Collett, J. L. "Atmospheric Deposition Processes". In Soil Monitoring, 73–87. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7542-4_8.

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Haj-Amor, Zied, e Salem Bouri. "Soil Processes and Soil Properties". In Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Soil and Water Management, 23–34. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429356667-3.

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4

Verrecchia, Eric P., e Luca Trombino. "Pedofeatures Associated to Soil Processes". In A Visual Atlas for Soil Micromorphologists, 135–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7_5.

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AbstractAs stipulated by G. Stoops, “the aim of micropedology is to contribute to solving problems related to the genesis, classification and management of soils, including soil characterization in palaeopedology and archaeology. The interpretation of features observed in thin sections is the most important part of this type of research, based on an objective detailed analysis and description” (Stoops et al. 2018). To answer such questions, two major books contributed to the comparative knowledge necessary to tackle this objective: the first one was published in 1985 and used micromorphology to distinguish between different classes of soils (Douglas and Thompson 1985); the second one is an extensive guide of more than 1000 pages to the interpretation of micromorphological features encountered in thin sections of soil (Stoops et al. 2018). The aim of this Atlas is neither to be a substitution for these books nor a way to enter directly into the interpretation of soil genesis and classification. Nonetheless, this chapter presents the imprints of major soil processes that can be easily deduced from specific features observed in thin sections. These processes involve the dynamics of (a) clay, both translocation and swelling, (b) water, such as waterlogging, evaporation, and its role as ice and frost, (c) carbonate, gypsum, and iron oxyhydroxides, and finally (d) biogeochemical reactions within the solum.

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Bockheim, James G. "Cryogenic Soil Processes". In Cryopedology, 53–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08485-5_5.

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6

Retallack, Gregory J. "Soil-forming processes". In Soils of the Past, 55–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7902-7_4.

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7

Bockheim, James G., e Alfred E. Hartemink. "Soil-Forming Processes". In World Soils Book Series, 55–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52144-2_4.

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Bowie, S. H. U., e I. Thornton. "Plant-Soil Processes". In The GeoJournal Library, 35–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5265-2_3.

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Chesworth, Ward, Otto Spaargaren, Amos Hadas, Pieter H. Groenevelt, Xosé L. Otero, T. O. Ferreira, P. Vidal et al. "Transport Processes". In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 791–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_606.

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Staunton, Siobhán. "Diffusion Processes". In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 185–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_158.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Soil processes"

1

Strelnikova, Eugenia B., Lydia I. Svarovskaya, Irina V. Russkikh e Olga V. Serebrennikova. "Biodestructive processes in oil-contaminated clayey soil". In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5132221.

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2

Menshov, O. "Theory And Methodology Of Soil Magnetism In Geology, Ecology, And Soil Science". In 12th International Conference on Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201803174.

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3

Pop, M. N., e M. L. Soran. "A soil irrigation method for experimental plant growth". In 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938447.

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4

Mitsugi, Fumiaki, Kazuhiro Nagahama, Noriko Horibe e Shin-ichi Aoqui. "Ozone treatment of soil". In 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection with Seminar Applications of Superconductors (ELMECO & AoS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elmeco.2017.8267742.

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Evans, Andrew, e Michael B. Jacobs. "LIGAND EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN ALPINE TUNDRA SOIL - IMPLICATIONS FOR SOIL ACIDIFICATION AND ALUMINUM TRANSPORT". In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299221.

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Miedema, Sape A. "Soil Cutting Processes: The Cutting of Water Saturated Sand". In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49233.

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The cutting process in water saturated sand has been the subject of research in the dredging industry for decades already. The Dutch dredging industry started this research in the sixties, resulting in a number of models in the seventies and eighties (van Leussen & van Os (1987) and Miedema (1987 and later). The application of the theory in the offshore industry is rare, although Palmer (1999) used it. In the last decades trenching has been a practice where these theories can be applied and with the tendencies of working in deeper water and in arctic conditions it is useful to try to combine the knowledge from the dredging and the offshore industry regarding cutting processes. The cutting process in water saturated sand is dominated by the phenomenon of dilatancy. Due to shear stresses, the porosity of the sand increases, resulting in an absolute decrease of the pore water pressures. Since the soil stresses are a constant, and equal to the sum of the grain stresses and the pore water stresses, this implies that the grain stresses increase with decreasing pore water stresses. This results in much higher cutting forces. The decrease of the pore water stresses is limited by the water vapor pressure and so are the cutting forces. At shallow waters, the pore water may start to cavitate if the strain rates are high enough, but at very deep water this will probably not occur. In this paper the basics of the cutting theory are explained. This cutting theory however requires a lot of finite element calculations in order to determine the pore water pressures. The paper gives simplification that allows the user to apply the theory with the help of pre-calculated coefficients.

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Abrams, Deborah T., Nathan J. Lamie e Gary Koh. "Investigation of soil processes on radar signature of landmines". In SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, a cura di Russell S. Harmon, John H. Holloway, Jr. e J. Thomas Broach. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.777829.

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Pereira, P., e E. C. Brevik. "Soil Ecosystem Services: Direct And Indirect Links". In 12th International Conference on Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201803182.

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Al-Masri, M. S., A. Aba, A. Al-Hamwi e H. Mukallati. "Characterization of NORM Contaminated Sites at the Syrian Oilfield: Depth Profiles and Leaching Processes". In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4772.

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Production water containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) has been collected in unlined artificial lagoons for evaporation in some Syrian oilfields. These lagoons have become highly contaminated with NORM and the situation has urged the operating oil companies in Syria to initiate a remediation program in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission of Syria. Part of this national remediation program is to characterize the contaminated soil as a preliminary step for disposal of this waste. Depth profiles of radioactivity have been established and found to be variable from one field to another. Factors that influence this distribution have been evaluated and are presented. Laboratory leaching experiments were performed using six 60-cm cores collected from highly contaminated areas in the oil fields. Results show that 226Ra is transferred to deep layers via erosion caused by disposal of production water and some heavy rain water that occurred in the past. This erosion process is mainly affected by the mineralogical compositions of the contaminated soil and the particle size distribution. Gypsum present in the soil has increased transfer of 226Ra from surface layers to deeper layers; water has caused some sink holes (caves) in those soils containing high amount of gypsum. In addition, 226Ra was also determined in different particle size soil samples before and after leaching experiments where small soil particles sizes were found to be moved downwards by water. Radium was only more concentrated in smaller particle sizes than larger ones in those samples containing low concentration of gypsum. In addition, halite content in the upper soil layers has increased the radium specific activity after leaching since it dissolved in water and moved to deeper layers.

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Rahman, Mahbubur, Morteza Abdeli, Sape Miedema e Dingena Schott. "Simulation of Passive Soil Failure and Cutting Processes in Sand". In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49226.

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Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) is a method which is designed to simulate the behavior of a material by modeling the interactions between discrete elements i.e. particles. The mechanical interactions between particles and also between particles and the walls in are modeled by springs, dash-pots and friction sliders. The properties of the material and interactions (Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus and density, coefficients of restitution, rolling and static friction) relate to the particle properties and not to the bulk properties. If DEM (using software like EDEM™ & PFC™) is reliable by validation with analytical models, it will have many applications in dredging, specifically for investigating underwater cutting processes in sand, clay and rock. Since people have no real experience with this method in dredging, the first step is to model a number of well-known examples like passive earth pressure and the cutting of dry sand and compare the simulation results with the analytical solutions. During this first step the relation between particle and bulk properties has also been investigated. Since the EDEM™ software does not yet contain a code to calculate porosity changes and pore water pressure (without coupling with CFD), this is implemented during a second step. The final target of this study is to use the DEM software to possible modify Miedema and Evans analytical solutions for sand and rock cutting at 3000 m water depths, but in the future the modeling of erosion could also be a topic of research. The current research consisted of becoming acquainted with the software and carrying out basic tests to verify the outcomes. During the research it emerged that the shape of the particles determines whether the expected behavior of sand can be replicated. Also the relation between micro and macro properties, i.e. the static friction of particle and the angle of internal friction, was investigated. Using a particle consisting of a number of spheres with an irregular shape did give very good results. Passive earth pressure simulations gave a very good match with the analytical solution, as did cutting tests in dry sand with a number of cutting angles. Using a cutting angle of 90 degrees resulted in the occurrence of a wedge in front of the blade with a wedge angle corresponding to literature.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Soil processes"

1

Borak, T. B. Effects of vegetation on radon transport processes in soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5031934.

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Borak, T. B. Effects of vegetation on radon transport processes in soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5746375.

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3

Valocchi, Albert J., Charles J. Werth e Andrew G. Webb. Investigation of Pore Scale Processes That Affect Soil Vapor Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833494.

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Valocchi, Albert J., Charles J. Werth e Andrew G. Webb. Investigation of Pore Scale Processes That Affect Soil Vapor Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833496.

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5

Valocchi, Albert J., Charles J. Werth e Andrew G. Webb. Investigation of Pore Scale Processes That Affect Soil Vapor Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833497.

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Valocchi, Albert J., Charles J. Werth e Andrew G. Webb. Investigation of Pore Scale Processes That Affect Soil Vapor Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838745.

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Harvey, Alan E., J. Michael Geist, Gerald L. McDonald, Martin F. Jurgensen, Patrick H. Cochran, Darlene Zabowski e Robert T. Meurisse. Biotic and abiotic processes in eastside ecosystems: the effects of management on soil properties, processes, and productivity. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-323.

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McWhorter, D. B. Processes affecting soil and groundwater contamination by DNAPL in low-permeability media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/447160.

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Taylor, Robert W. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Metal Retention/Release in Geochemical Processes in Soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827354.

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Kuperman, Roman G., Ronald T. Checkai, Michael Simini, Carlton T. Phillips, Geoffrey I. Sunahara, Jalal Hawari, Sylvie Rocheleau e Louise Paquet. Energetic Materials Effects on Essential Soil Processes: Decomposition of Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) Litter in Soil Contaminated with Energetic Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594064.

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