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1
Šmejkalová, M., O. Mikanová e L. Borůvka. "Effects of heavy metal concentrations on biological activity of soil micro-organisms". Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 7 (10 dicembre 2011): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4131-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in exchangeable, organic, and 2M HNO3-extractable fractions as well as the effect of heavy metal concentrations on soil microflora was investigated. Six sampling transects were chosen in theLitavkaRiveralluvium in 1999–2001. Concentrations of all metals increased with decreasing distance from the source of contamination. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in exchangeable fraction were higher than in organically bound fraction, a reverse trend was found in Pb speciation. All measured parameters of soil microbial activity were affected by heavy metal concentrations. The decrease in CFU was most significant in the case of oligotrophic bacteria and spore-forming bacteria. Significant inhibition of C-biomass occurred in soils highly contaminated by heavy metals. The Cbiomass:Cox ratio decreased with increasing soil pollution. Generally, the values of enzymatic activities were highest in the soil above the source of contamination and they were decreased as approaching the source of contamination. Our results demonstrate that several parameters of microbial activity could be used as good indicators of increasing concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil.
2
Formánek, P., e V. Vránová. "The effect of spruce stand thinning on biological activity in soil". Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 11 (16 gennaio 2012): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4795-jfs.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of thinning of young spruce stands by 500 trees/ha on biological activity in the soil profile was studied in the mountainous area of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. The biological activity of soil was determined under optimal laboratory conditions by tests of soil respiration, catalase activity and intensity of cellulose decomposition. No statistically significant differences were found between the individual biological tests when the two experimental stands were compared (P-level 0.05). All biological activities within each stand were correlated, and significant correlations were found between biological activities in the soil and ammonium nitrogen content.
3
Růžková, M., L. Růžek e K. Voříšek. "Soil biological activity of mulching and cut/harvested land set aside". Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 5 (19 maggio 2008): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/396-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Formerly arable luvic chernozem set aside for ten years (1997–2006) with different herbaceous cover (grass, legumes and their mixtures) and agronomical practices (mulching and cut/harvesting) was studied. The experimental plot was maintained as black, spontaneous and controlled fallows from 1997 until July 2003 (BD period). In July 2003 the plots were desiccated by glyphosate herbicide and were run as a black fallow until August 2004 (AD). The last period (AG) was characterized by monoculture of Italian ryegrass cut/harvested twice a year until October 2006. The experimental soils were characterized with 18 parameters. Mulched plots in all periods (BD, AD and AG) were evaluated as highly microbial active plots. The black fallow (BD) permanently maintained by glyphosate herbicide was the lowest in biological parameters. The desiccation caused a highly significant increase (<I>P</I> < 0.01) of nitrates in topsoil, but in following period (AG) their significant decrease was detected. Desiccation enhanced carbon immobilization into microbial cells especially on mulched and cut/harvested sites (BD, AD). Due to mulching accumulation of soil organic matter highly significantly increased (<I>P</I> < 0.01). This induced a highly significant (<I>P</I> < 0.01) increase in the basal respiration (AD, AG) as the soil organic matter accumulated in the period BD was intensively mineralized.
4
Remeš, J., e R. Šíša. "Biological activity of anthropogenic soils after spoil-bank forest reclamation". Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 7 (7 gennaio 2008): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2075-jfs.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents the results of relatively long-term research focused on spoil bank revitalization pro-cesses in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin after the first three years of observations. The biological activity of soil (namely catalase and phosphatase activity), indicators of basal and potential soil respiration, ammonification and growth, development and nutrition status of forest plantations were selected as indicators of this revitalization process. These parameters were determined in five localities of different age of reclamation where different technological approaches and tree species compositions were used. The results confirm the distinct time dependence of revitalization processes. From the aspect of biological activity older reclamations are close to natural forest soil. The enrichment of top soil layer with organic matter before the plantation (by ploughing in cellulose fibres and peat addition) increased some parameters of soil biological activity. The positive amelioration effect of black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i>) was also confirmed.
5
Franzluebbers, Alan J. "Should Soil Testing Services Measure Soil Biological Activity?" Agricultural & Environmental Letters 1, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 150009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/ael2015.11.0009.
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Syshchykov, D. V., I. V. Agurova e O. V. Syshchykova. "Biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems". Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, n. 154 (21 ottobre 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-1-154-141-152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As a result of the carried out studies of biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems, it was found that the largest number of microorganisms and streptomycetes it was characteristic for common chernozem. For the soil horizons of primitive undeveloped fragmented soils, was recorded the lowest percentage of the microorganisms number (on average 4-5% relative to the control). The number of streptomycetes in both intrazonal and soils of anthropogenic transformed soils and zonal soils varies in horizons. However, we have noted that in intrazonal and anthropogenic transformed soils streptomycetes are in most cases concentrated in underlying soil horizons. Our studies on micromycetes have found that this group of microscopic fungi accounts for up to 50% of the total number of microbiocenosis, with the smallest number recorded in the genetic horizons of primitive undeveloped soils on sandstone. Cellulose-destroying microorganisms in the soil microbocenosis of monitoring sites are least represented.
7
Startsev, N. A., D. H. McNabb e A. D. Startsev. "Soil biological activity in recent clearcuts in west-central Alberta". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1998): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soil biota response to changes in the soil physical environment following forest harvesting is relatively unknown in boreal forests. Soil biological activity was measured at four sites with Luvisolic soil following clear-cut forest harvesting. Aerobic respiration rate and cellulose decomposition in flooded soils were measured on soil samples collected from treatment plots subjected to tree removal only and tree removal associated with three levels of skidding activity immediately after clear-cut harvesting and after 1 and 2 yr. More than half of variation in respiration and cellulose decomposition rates was related to soil properties. Soil respiration rate increased significantly after 1 yr but was not affected by skidder traffic. Cellulose decomposition was highest in soil with air-filled porosity <0.10 m3m−3, and increased significantly with skidder traffic. Air-filled porosity measured in the field at the time of harvest indicated a poorly aerated environment that becomes wetter in subsequent years. The results imply that soil had biota well adapted to poor soil aeration. The development of a fully anaerobic soil environment following forest harvesting only occurred on compacted soil after heavy precipitation, but partial anaerobiosis of these boreal forest soils was common. Although partial anaerobiosis increased decomposition rate, it is considered sufficient to adversely affect the growth of plant roots and change the availability and mobility of nutrients. Key words: Forest harvesting, soil compaction, biological activity, respiration rate, decomposition rate, Alberta, boreal forests
8
Gedgafova, Fatima, Olga Gorobtsova, Tatyana Uligova, Rustam Tembotov e Elena Khakunova. "Biological activity of mountain meadow subalpine soils of Central Caucasus". BIO Web of Conferences 35 (2021): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213500008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indicators of biological activity (humic content and stock, Cmic content and stock, hydrolytic and redox enzymes activity) were measured for the first time in the upper horizons of mountain meadow subalpine soils of Central Caucasus (elbrus altitudinal zonality in Kabardino-Balkaria). The comparative assessment was performed for the biological characteristics together with soil density and acid-base properties for soils of natural and pasture ecosystems. The integral index of ecological and biological soil state (IIEBSS) was calculated to estimate the level of changes in biological activity. It was shown that pasture degradation leads to 30% decrease of IIEBSS compared to the undisturbed soil. The defined biological parameters of natural undisturbed mountain meadow soils could be used as diagnostic indicators for the ecological studies of ecosystems under anthropogenic load.
9
Števlíková, Tatiana, Soňa Javoreková e Jana Vjatráková. "Soil Biological Activity within Integrated and Ecological Management of Soil". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n. 1 (12 maggio 2002): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3536.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effects of the integrated (IS) and ecological (ES) management of soil on chosen parameters of soil biological activity were investigated in the period 1999-2000. The following characteristics were determined: biomass of microorganisms (Cmic), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), an amount of potentially mineralizable nitrogen (Nbiol), and nitrification intensity. Soil samples were collected from a stationary field experiment established in 1990 on gley brown soil at the Experimental Station of Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra. For each field with a different crop rotations two fertilization treatments were selected: (a) no fertilization and (b) use of manure for silage maize and, within IS, also mineral fertilizers. There was a statistically significant difference at α = 0.05 in the amount of biologically released nitrogen (Nbiol) between both systems and in the nitrification intensity in favour of ES. A higher amount of microbial biomass (Cmic) was noted for ES but without statistical significance. Cultivated crops and the timing of soil sampling were found to have the greatest effect on all the parameters observed in individual experimental years and within the two systems of soil management.
10
Korzh, Yu V., I. V. Dragovoz e L. V. Avdeeva. "Lytic Exoenzymes of Soil Strains of Bacillus Representatives and Manifestations of their Biological Activity". Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, n. 4 (17 agosto 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.04.054.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bacteria of the genus Bacillus make up a significant (8–12%) part of the soil microbiome. Manifestation of their biological activity, in particular, the antagonistic and lytic activity against other microorganisms directly depends on their exometabolites. According to the literature, such properties of soil bacteria of the genus Bacillus thus can be related to their various lytic exoenzymes. Aim. To evaluate the role of lytic exoenzymes of the studied soil bacteria strains of the genus Bacillus in the manifestation of their biological (antagonistic, lysing) activity. Methods. The antagonistic activity of bacteria strains of the genus Bacillus against phytopathogenic micromycetes was determined by the method of double culture in Petri dishes on potato-glucose agar. For qualitative analysis of the presence of extracellular enzymes, strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus were plated on Petri dishes with solid mineral-salt medium and a suitable substrate inducer. The ratio of the diameter of substrate hydrolysis zone to the diameter of the colony was taken as the relative enzymatic activity of the culture. Bacteriolytic activity of the studied strains was determined by the change in optical density of living cells of phytopathogenic bacteria suspension at 540 nm. Results. Six strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus were selected by the results of preliminary screening, with at least five types of lytic activity, namely proteolytic, chitinase, amylolytic, cellulase, and xylanase of different levels (low, average, high). Analysis of the antagonistic activity of the selected strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus to the main groups of phytopathogenic bacteria (six test cultures) singled out the strain Bacillus sp. 41 for a careful study of the nature and spectrum of its antagonism. Analysis of the level of antagonistic activity of the selected Bacillus strains against the phytopathogenic micromycetes showed that the minimum decrease of antagonism (the decrease of growth inhibition zones) during the observation period (at the 3rd and 7th days) was in Bacillus sp. 41 strain. Therefore, only this strain showed a stable and relatively wide range of antagonistic activity against phytopathogens of bacterial and fungal etiology. The nature of this antagonism is probably complex and conditioned by the participation of various biochemical mechanisms, in particular, the synthesis of a complex of lytic exoenzymes. To assess the lysing activity of Bacillus strains, three strains with the highest proteolytic and cellulolytic activity of exoenzymes were taken from the six previously chosen. Only Bacillus sp.1913 strain showed high (70%) lytic activity against gram-negative polyphagous phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UCM B-1027T. Such activity of the strain did not manifest against the rest of the phytopathogenic test cultures. The high lytic activity of Bacillus sp. 1913 strain may be associated with high activity of exogenous proteases and cellulases of the lytic complex, which is quite consistent with the literature data on the lytic activity of bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Conclusions. The spectrum and activity of lytic exoenzymes of strains of the studied soil bacteria of the genus Bacillus indicate the indirect participation of these enzymes in the manifestation of biological activity (antagonistic and lytic).
11
Anna, Gałązka, Gawryjołek Karolina, Grządziel Jarosław e Księżak Jerzy. "Effect of different agricultural management practices on soil biological parameters including glomalin fraction". Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 7 (19 luglio 2017): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/207/2017-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the study was to determine the glycoproteins content (total glomalin (TG), easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and soil proteins related to glomalin (GRSP)) in soil under long-term monoculture of maize. Soil microbiological and biochemical properties, including microbial biomass and enzymatic activity were also assessed. The presence of total, easily-extractable glomalin and soil proteins related to glomalin was dependent on both the growth phase of the plant and tillage system. The highest content of glomalin was detected in the soils under maize in direct sowing and reduced tillage. The glomalin content was correlated with soil biological activity. The linear regression was observed between TG and GRSP content, but no linear relationship was found between GRSP and C<sub>org</sub>. The principal component analysis showed the strong correlations between the parameters of soil quality and biodiversity indicators. Selected indicators of soil microbial parameters explained 52.27% biological variability in soils.
12
Franzluebbers, Alan J. "Soil mass and volume affect soil‐test biological activity estimates". Soil Science Society of America Journal 84, n. 2 (marzo 2020): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20038.
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Collins, D. J., T. D. Wyllie e S. H. Anderson. "Biological activity of Macrophomina phaseolina in soil". Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23, n. 5 (gennaio 1991): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(91)90017-e.
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Karolina, Furtak, Gawryjołek Karolina, Gajda Anna M e Gałązka Anna. "Effects of maize and winter wheat grown under different cultivation techniques on biological activity of soil". Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 10 (2 novembre 2017): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/486/2017-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the study was to compare the activity and functional biodiversity in soil under two different cereals: common maize and winter wheat, both grown in the same pattern of cultivation techniques: conventional (to 25 cm depth) and reduced (to 10 cm depth). Soil samples for comparative analysis were collected at the same time (July 2016) at a long-term field experiment, which was carried out in 2013–2016. Soil biological activity was determined by measurement of dehydrogenases activity (DHa) with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) application, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) content by fumigation-extraction method, and functional diversity of soil microorganisms using the Biolog EcoPlate System. The results demonstrated that the cultivation technique had a greater impact on the soil biological activity, compared to the type of cereal. Higher biological activity was found in the soil under reduced tillage in both cereals. Calculated correlations showed that DHa, MBC, MBN and acid phosphatases were positively correlated with each other. The negative correlation obtained between yield and biological parameters of activity in soil was not expected.
15
Gajda, A., e B. Przewłoka. "Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity". International Agrophysics 26, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2012): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0003-0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensityThe effect of tillage intensity on changes of microbiological activity and content of particulate organic matter in soil under winter wheat duirng 3 years was studied. Microbial response related to the tillage-induced changes in soil determined on the content of biomass C and N, the rate of CO2evolution, B/F ratio, the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C/N ratio confirmed the high sensitivity of soil microbial populations to the tillage system applied. After three year studies, the direct sowing system enhanced the increase of labile fraction of organic matter content in soil. There were no significant changes in the labile fraction quantity observed in soil under conventional tillage. Similar response related to the tillage intensity was observed in particulate organic matter quantities expressed as a percentage of total organic matter in soil. A high correlation coefficients calculated between contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, particulate organic matter and potentially mineralizable N, and the obtained yields of winter wheat grown on experimental fields indicated on a high importance of biological quality of status of soil for agricultural crop production.
16
Svoboda, M. "Biological activity, nitrogen dynamics, and chemical characteristics of forest soils in the Šumava national park". Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 7 (16 gennaio 2012): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4704-jfs.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper deals with large-scale mountain forest decline in the Šumava National Park. The changes in biotic and abiotic properties of forest sites follow the tree layer disintegration. Changed microclimatic conditions such as intensity of irradiance, moisture and temperature of the top holorganic layers together with altered development of ground vegetation could strongly affect the values of microbiological respiration activity and the rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. Soil substrates, built of organic mater, located on stony locations, are endangered by introskeletal erosion. This paper compares these features in pairs of research plots, consisting of dead or cut forest and of living stand. According to the results of this study, higher rates of organic matter decomposition, transformed dynamics of nitrogen and other nutrients and possible nutrient leaching from soil solutions were demonstrated in the forest floor under declined spruce stands. The extent and seriousness of these adverse processes for forest soils are strongly site dependent.
17
Šimon, T. "Utilization of the biological nitrogen fixation for soil evaluation". Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 8 (10 dicembre 2011): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4137-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation (potential nitrogenase activity – PNA) of soil samples originating from different plots of long-term field experiments (selected variants: Nil, NPK [mineral fertilisation: 64.6–100 kg N/ha/year], FYM [farmyard manure], and FYM + NPK from three blocks III, IV and B with different crop rotation) was determined in laboratory experiments. The symbiotic nitrogen fixation (total nitrogenase activity – TNA) of the same soil samples was evaluated in hydroponic experiments with pea (2001, 2002) and lucerne (2001) in which the soil samples were used as a natural inoculum. The high values of PNA were found in the variants fertilised with FYM in all three blocks and all experiments. Simultaneously, the variants fertilised with mineral NPK reached low values of PNA. The farmyard manuring enhanced the number of free-living bacteria Azotobacter spp. that were identified in all soil samples. In the hydroponic experiments with pea, the highest nonsignificant values of TNA were found in variants B 284 (FYM + NPK) and III 254 (FYM + NPK) in 2001, and B 214 (FYM) and III 214 (FYM) in 2002. Plants inoculated with soil from these variants formed also high amounts of nodules (significant differences in block IV in 2001) and plant biomass. In the experiments with lucerne, the nonsignificantly highest TNA values were found in variant III 154 (NPK). Variants from block III (214, 254) and IV (114 and 154) showed the nonsignificantly lowest TNA values. The rhizobia that effectuate symbiosis with pea were more active in the soil samples in 2001 than those forming nodules on lucerne.
18
Friedlová, M. "The influence of heavy metals on soil biological and chemical properties". Soil and Water Research 5, No. 1 (26 febbraio 2010): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2009-swr.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soil samples were collected at alluvial sites of the Litavka River, which flows through the Beroun and Příbram cities in Central Bohemia Region of the Czech Republic in 2005 and 2006. Higher heavy metal content in soils (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) is due to composition of the parent rock, emissions from lead processing industry and the leak of toxic material from the steel works sludge ponds in the 1970s and 1980s. The samples were collected from six sites located at different distances from the contamination source (the former sludge ponds) and chemical and biological properties were determined. The ratio of the microbial biomass carbon to oxidisable carbon content dropped down significantly on more heavily contaminated sites. Basal respiration activity did not correlate with the content of heavy metals in soil, but there was certain declining tendency with increasing intensity of soil contamination. Respiration activities significantly correlated with the total carbon, oxidisable carbon and the total nitrogen content. The metabolic quotient showed higher values with increasing contamination. Dehydrogenases and arylsulphatase activities decreased with increasing contamination. Urease activity has also a declining tendency but its relation to different intensity of contamination was not unambiguous. Urease activity has shown a relationship with the content of total nitrogen in soil. No relationship was found between the total sulphur content and arylsulphatase activity. Dehydrogenases, arylsulfatase and urease activities significantly correlated with the microbial biomass carbon.
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Raimbaeva, Gulzira, e Gulmira Mirkhaydarova. "Properties and biological activity of rainfed gray soils formed in neogenic slopes in Uzbekistan". E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128402007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Uzbekistan, along with gray soils formed in lyoss deposits, reddish soils formed in Neogene deposits are also widespread, which are distributed in mountainous and foothill areas. Reddish soils differ from gray soils formed in lyoss deposits by their appearance, genesis, and properties. The reddish-gray soils formed in the Neogene deposits are widespread in many parts of Uzbekistan and are subject to various levels of erosion. The reddish-brown soils formed in the Neogene deposits are mainly formed in the parent rocks that form a homogeneous lyoss soil, in some places these layers are very shallow and in the strata occur tertiary and calcareous loams, sands and conglomerates. The reddish-gray soils formed in the Neogene deposits are eroded to varying degrees as they are spread on different levels of slope. Erosion damages the fertile layer on the surface of the soil and reduces its fertility. Eroded soils are washed to varying degrees. Under the influence of the erosion process, the amount of humus and nutrients in the soil decreases sharply. Erosion processes adversely affect the mechanical composition, physical, agrochemical properties and biological activity of the soil. As a result, soil fertility decreases. For the soil to be fertile, it is necessary to maintain and increase the amount of humus and nutrients in it.
20
Błońska, Ewa, e Jarosław Lasota. "Biological and biochemical properties in evaluation of forest soil quality". Folia Forestalia Polonica 56, n. 1 (1 marzo 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2014-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using biological and biochemical parameters in the evaluation of forest soil quality and changes caused by land use. The study attempted to determine a relationship between the enzymatic activity of soil, the number of earthworms and soil physico-chemical properties. The study was carried out in central Poland in adjoining Forest Districts (Przedbórz and Smardzewice). In soil samples taken from 12 research plots, basic physico-chemical properties, enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, urease) and density and biomass of earthworms were examined. Enzyme activity showed a large diversity within the forest site types studied. The correlations between the activity of the enzymes studied and C/N ratio indicated considerable importance of these enzymes in metabolism of essential elements of organic matter of forest soils. Urease and dehydrogenase activity and earthworm number showed susceptibility to soil pH, which confirmed relationships between enzyme activity and abundance of earthworms and soil pH in H2O and KCl.
21
Siwik-Ziomek, Anetta, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Joanna Lemanowicz, Jan Koper e Paweł Szarlip. "Biological parameters in technogenic soils of a former sulphur mine". International Agrophysics 32, n. 2 (1 aprile 2018): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2017-0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis study was conducted on the soils originating from a reclamation area of the former sulphur mine in Tarnobrzeg, Poland. Soil was sampled 16 years after the completion of mining works with the open-pit method at Machów, as well as 7 years after sulphur mining via the ‘smelting’ method in the Jeziórko mine was abandoned. Several biological parameters were examined: soil respiration, soil microbial biomass and the activity of rhodanese and arylsulphatase enzymes taking part in sulphur transformation within the site’s soils. The soils showed a high total sulphur and sulphates content. The SO42-constituted a large fraction of total sulphur, in some cases, exceeding 80% or even 95% of total sulphur. The soil pH decreased due to the degrading effects of sulphur mining. In the soils studied from the locations with the lowest soil pH value, no activity of arylsulphatase was reported and the activity of rhodanese was lowest. The highest soil respiration values were recorded from the 0-5 cm layer in the areas covered with forest vegetation. A high soil respiration value at the waste heap at Machów wherein a very high concentration of Stot and SO42-was observed can be due to the ability of fungi to produce hyphal strands and to survive unfavourable conditions.
22
Shiel, R. S. "Book review: Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity." Outlook on Agriculture 16, n. 4 (dicembre 1987): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600411.
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Oláh Zsuposné, Ágnes. "Changes of biological activity in different soil types". Cereal Research Communications 35, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.35.2007.2.174.
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Borowik, Agata, e Jadwiga Wyszkowska. "Impact of temperature on the biological properties of soil". International Agrophysics 30, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0070.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the response of soil microorganisms and enzymes to the temperature of soil. The effect of the temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C on the biological properties of soil was investigated under laboratory conditions. The study was performed using four different soils differing in their granulometric composition. It was found that 15°C was the optimal temperature for the development of microorganisms in soil. Typically, in the soil, the highest activity of dehydrogenases was observed at 10-15°C, catalase and acid phosphatase – at 15°C, alkaline phosphatase at 20°C, urease and β-glucosidase at 25°C. The highest colony development index for heterotrophic bacteria was recorded in soils incubated at 25°C, while for actinomycetes and fungi at 15°C. The incubation temperature of soil only slightly changed the ecophysiological variety of the investigated groups of microorganisms. Therefore, the observed climate changes might have a limited impact on the soil microbiological activity, because of the high ability of microorganisms to adopt. The response of soil microorganisms and enzymes was more dependent on the soil granulometric composition, organic carbon, and total nitrogen than on its temperature.
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Adamchuk, V., F. Reumont, J. Kaur, J. Whalen e N. Adamchuk-Chala. "Proximal sensing of soil biological activity for precision agriculture". Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, n. 2 (1 giugno 2017): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204047001700139x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is growing interest in monitoring soil biological health to complement the traditional evaluation of soil physical and chemical characteristics in agricultural fields. Activity of soil microorganisms mediates many essential soil processes that affect fertility, and, therefore, essential to the successful adoption of precision agriculture. However, there are technical limitations to cost-effective monitoring of spatial and temporal dynamics of soil biological activity across agricultural landscapes. This paper summarizes three consecutive studies on in situ measurement of soil biological activity. The first study reveals spatial heterogeneity of microbial population growth in three agricultural fields using bio-films. In the second study, microbiological activity was analyzed using a substrate-induced respiration technique. This technique was evaluated through a series of soil toxicity experiments that involved a comparison of fresh and autoclaved soil samples. Finally, the aim of the third study was to develop a portable instrumented system to evaluate carbon dioxide concentrations in soil by extracting air stored within the soil pores. This instrument was tested under various conditions to quantify the effects of soil moisture, compaction and presence of glucose (artificially increased microbial respiration). Optimization of the discussed techniques will allow for detailed mapping of these indices of soil biological health and their interactions with the physical and chemical environment at any specific point in time.
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ШЕРШНЕВА, Е. С. "BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND AFTEREFFECTS OF SOILS". VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, n. 1(49) (30 marzo 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2021.49.1.014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Проблема и цель. Целью исследований явилось изучение биологического действия и последействия почвенных грунтов из осадка стоков производства кожи на микробиологическую активность и изменение азотного режима супесчаной дерново-подзолистой почвы в посевах ярового тритикале и райграса однолетнего. Методология. Проведено исследование урожайности и химического состава растений ярового тритикале, райграса однолетнего в зависимости от изменений микробиологической активности, азотного режима слабогумусированной супесчаной дерново-подзолистой почвы под влиянием почвенных грунтов из осадка стоков производства кожи, отличных по составу. Полевые исследования проводились в вегетационно-полевом и мелкоделяночном опытах в климатических условиях Владимирской области на базе ФГБНУ ВНИИОУ в 2016, 2017, 2018 годах. Почвогрунты вносились с разбавлением в расчете на дозу 60 т/га и с полной заменой пахотного слоя почвогрунтом на глубину 20 см. Микробиологический анализ почвенных проб по вариантам опытов проводили методом количественного учета, агрохимические исследования почвы и растений – общепринятыми методами агрохимического анализа. Результаты. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об улучшении условий азотного питания растений, повышении содержания аммонийного азота в почве и, как следствие, урожайности за счет стимуляции микробиологических процессов в почве под влиянием почвенных грунтов. Действие почвогрунтов из осадка стоков производства кожи на изменение азотного режима проявляется в повышении содержания аммонийного азота в почве на 45-138 % в зависимости от влажности почвы, фазы вегетации растений и состава почвогрунтов. Наибольшая биологическая эффективность почвогрунтов определена в варианте с включением растительного грунта в состав компоста. Заключение. Биологическое действие и последействие искусственных грунтов, произведенных из осадка стоков производства кожи, на супесчаную дерново-подзолистую почву выражается в повышении микробиологической активности, улучшении азотного режима почвы, повышении урожайности растений. Problem and purpose. The purpose of the research was to study the biological efect and afterefect of soils from the sewage sludge of leather production on the microbiological activity and changes in the nitrogen regime of sandy loam sod-podzolic soil in crops of spring triticale and annual ryegrass. Methodology. A study considered the yield and chemical composition of plants of spring triticale, annual ryegrass, depending on changes in microbiological activity, nitrogen regime of low-humus sandy loamy sod-podzolic soil under the infuence of soil from the wastewater sludge of leather production, diferent in composition. Field studies were carried out in vegetation-feld and small-plot experiments in the climatic conditions of Vladimir region on the basis of FSBSI VNIIOU in 2016, 2017, 2018. Soils were applied with dilution at a dose of 60 t/ha and with a complete replacement of the topsoil by soil at a depth of 20 cm. Microbiological analysis of soil samples according to the variants of experiments was carried out by the method of quantitative accounting, agrochemical studies of soil and plants - by conventional methods of agrochemical analysis. Results. The results obtained indicate an improvement in the conditions for nitrogen nutrition of plants, an increase in the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil and, as a consequence, the yield due to stimulation of microbiological processes in the soil under the infuence of soils. The efect of soils from the sludge of leather production on the change in nitrogen regime was manifested in an increase in the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil by 45-138 %, depending on soil moisture, the phase of vegetation of plants and the composition of soil. The highest biological efciency of soil was determined in the variant with the inclusion of plant soil in the compost. Conclusion. The biological efect and afterefect of artifcial soils produced from the sludge of leather production on sandy loamy sod-podzolic soil is expressed in an increase in microbiological activity, an improvement in the nitrogen regime of the soil, an increase in plant productivity.
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Huang, Y. F., E. H. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, Q. Wang, H. Z. Wang, Q. L. Liu, J. L. Yuan e J. J. Cui. "Autotoxic compounds from rhizosphere soil of lanzhou lily extracts: Identification and biological activity". Allelopathy Journal 53, n. 1 (maggio 2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2021-53-1-1332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We investigated the autotoxicity of Lanzhou lily rhizosphere soil with different cultivation years. The allelochemicals in such soils were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on our earlier studies, the antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate were found in lily sick soil were used in pot experiments determine to their autotoxic effects on the Lanzhou lily seedlings growth, photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in seedling leaves. The content of antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate was determined by GC-MS in rhizosphere soil of different cultivation years. The aqueous extracts of Lanzhou lily rhizosphere soil promoted the growth of its own seedlings at 0.2 mg·mL-1, however, the concentrations > 2 mg·mL-1 were inhibitory. The longer the cultivation period (1-yr, 2-yr and 4-yr), the stronger were the inhibitory effects. In rhizosphere soils of 1-yr, 2-yr and 4-yr ; 8,: 15 and 18 compounds were identified, respectively. The identified compounds were camphor, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, 2,4-bis(1,1- dimethylethyl)-phenol, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalater and these are reported as allelochemicals. The pot experiment results showed that low concentrations of antioxidant 2246 stimulated the seedling growth but high concentrations were inhibitory, while all concentrations of dioctyl terephthalater inhibited the seedling growth. At 100 mg·mL-1, the antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves (P <0.05). Furthermore, the content of these two compounds in soils increased with the increase of cultivation years. These results suggested that allelochemicals accumulated in replanted soil contributed to the autotoxicity of Lanzhou lily in rhizosphere soil.
28
Velmourougane, K., e A. Sahu. "Impact of transgenic cottons expressing cry1Ac on soil biological attributes". Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 3 (19 gennaio 2013): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/616/2012-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Three transgenic Bt cotton hybrids (RCH-2 Bt, Bunny Bt and NHH 44 Bt) expressing cry1Ac gene were evaluated for their effects on soil biological, microbiological and diversity attributes at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depth under field conditions. At both soil depths, soil respiration rate and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis were the highest in the soil under Bt cotton grown followed by non-Bt soil, and by the control bulk soil, indicating no adverse effects of Bt cotton on soil microbial activity. Urease and dehydrogenase activities, reflecting potentially available N and the oxidative metabolism in soil, respectively, also increased in the sequence no-crop variant < non-Bt soil < soil under Bt cotton at both soil depths. A similar trend was found with the soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial population and microbial diversity indices. These results suggest that cultivation of Bt cotton expressing cry1Ac gene may not pose ecological or environmental risk.
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Chae, Yooeun, Rongxue Cui, Shin Woong Kim, Gyeonghyeon An, Seung-Woo Jeong e Youn-Joo An. "Exoenzyme activity in contaminated soils before and after soil washing: ß-glucosidase activity as a biological indicator of soil health". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 135 (gennaio 2017): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.007.
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Shaner, Dale L., Galen Brunk, David Belles, Phil Westra e Scott Nissen. "Soil dissipation and biological activity of metolachlor andS-metolachlor in five soils". Pest Management Science 62, n. 7 (2006): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.1215.
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Gupta, V. V. S. R., R. E. Farrell e J. J. Germida. "Activity of arylsulfatase in Saskatchewan soils". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, n. 3 (1 agosto 1993): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this study we investigated the occurrence of arylsulfatase activity in Saskatchewan soils and assessed the relationships between enzyme activity and soil properties. Thirty-nine soils representative of the five soil zones in Saskatchewan, and exhibiting a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics were studied. Arylsulfatase was detected in all the soils. Enzyme activity ranged from 14 to 770 μg ρ-nitrophenol released g−1 soil h−1. Arylsulfatase activity was highly correlated with levels of organic C (r = 0.73***), total S (r = 0.74***), HI-S (r = 0.60***), and microbial biomass C (MB-C; r = 0.56***). There was a relatively weak positive correlation (r = 0.48**) between arylsulfatase activity and the amount of SO4-S in the soils, indicating that end-product inhibition of the enzyme was not a factor at the low levels of SO4 commonly found in Saskatchewan soils. Key words: Sulfur, HI-reducible S, microbial biomass, organic C
32
Conen, F., C. E. Morris, J. Leifeld, M. V. Yakutin e C. Alewell. "Biological residues define the ice nucleation properties of soil dust". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, n. 6 (10 giugno 2011): 16585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-16585-2011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Soil dust is a major driver of ice nucleation in clouds leading to precipitation. It consists largely of mineral particles with a small fraction of organic matter constituted mainly of remains of micro-organisms that participated in degrading plant debris before their own decay. Some micro-organisms have been shown to be much better ice nuclei than the most efficient soil mineral. Yet, current aerosol schemes in global climate models do not consider a difference between soil dust and mineral dust in terms of ice nucleation activity. Here, we show that particles from the clay and silt size fraction of four different soils naturally associated with 0.7 to 11.8 % organic carbon (w/w) can have up to four orders of magnitude more ice nuclei per unit mass active in the immersion freezing mode at −12 °C than montmorillonite, the most efficient pure clay mineral. Most of this activity was lost after heat treatment. Removal of biological residues reduced ice nucleation activity to, or below that of montmorillonite. Desert soils, inherently low in organic content, are a large natural source of dust in the atmosphere. In contrast, agricultural land use is concentrated on fertile soils with much larger organic matter contents than found in deserts. It is currently estimated that the contribution of agricultural soils to the global dust burden is less than 20 %. Yet, these disturbed soils can contribute ice nuclei to the atmosphere of a very different and much more potent kind than mineral dusts.
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Lushchaeva, Inna V., Yuri N. Morgalev e Sergey V. Loiko. "Influence of Nickel Nanoparticles on Biological Activity of Humus Layer of Subboreal Forest". Nano Hybrids and Composites 13 (gennaio 2017): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.13.108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For the first time studied the influence of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) on the integrated index of biological activity of humus soil horizons in subboreal forest after treating with a 5.0 mg/l dispersion of nanoparticles. Adding nickel nanoparticle dispersion into the soil was carried out in filtration columns. Treatment of humus soils with Ni NPs has been established to decrease total microbial number to 50 % - 65 % in CFU, stimulate nitrification in all soil samples and a suppression of nitrogen fixation in loam soils Model tests on agar media with pure cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida sp. showed varied sensitivity of different systematic groups to nickel nanoparticles. No positive CFU decrease of Pseudomonas fluorescens was found. However, in respect to certain concentrations of Ni NPs in an experiment with Candida sp., a marked decrease of CFU was observed.
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Nikulina, Anna, Elizaveta Sachkova e Lyudmila Bubnova. "Determining Biological Activity of Soils to Maintain the Balance of the Urban Ecosystem". Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2020): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).586-592.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the current problem of spatial changes in the biological activity of soils within the territories that are subject to various degrees of anthropogenic load. Changes in the structure and functions of separate components of soil causes restructuring in operation of the urban ecosystem in general and requires constant monitoring. To study the self-restoring capacity of urban soils, biological activity of soils in different areas of Academgorodok District of Irkutsk was evaluated. Methods of determination of biological activity of soils with the help of indicators of cellulosolytic, protease and urease activity were used. It was shown that, under anthropogenic impact, soils of different areas develop adaptive mechanisms, the activity of which is aimed at enhancing resistance to human negative impact on the environment (oil pollution, reduction of vegetation). The data obtained as a result of the research characterize the ability of the studied soils to self-repair and can be used to develop methods for soil restoration within an urban area.
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Augustyniuk-Kram, Anna, e Karol J. Kram. "The impact of revitalization treatments on biological activity of soil under afforestation on post-agricultural land". Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 18, n. 5 (31 dicembre 2020): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2020.18.5.26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Poland, afforestation is usually carried out on the weakest soils, excluded from agricultural use and wasteland, i.e. post-agricultural land. A characteristic feature of such habitat is poor-quality soil, relatively high content of nutrients for trees, particularly nitrogen, as well as a low level of humus. This is important for the quality of microbiological processes occurring in post-agricultural soils. Restitution of the forest in such a habitat requires the use of various revitalisation treatments for improving soil quality and increasing biological activity and soil fertility. This article presents the results of a long-term experiment on the effectiveness of various revitalisation treatments (zoo- and phytomelioration) on afforested post-agricultural lands after more than 30 years from their application in pine forests in north-western Poland. These treatments consisted of introducing additional organic matter into the soil in the form of bark and sawdust, sowing lupine and introducing soil fauna. The comparative area for afforestation on post-agricultural soils in the presented experiment was the area of forest soils, located in the same habitat, in a pine stand, at the same time. Biological activity of soil was measured with the activity of soil enzymes dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, the biomass of microorganisms was measured and the content of total dissolved carbon and nitrogen was also determined.
36
Conen, F., C. E. Morris, J. Leifeld, M. V. Yakutin e C. Alewell. "Biological residues define the ice nucleation properties of soil dust". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, n. 18 (16 settembre 2011): 9643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9643-2011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Soil dust is a major driver of ice nucleation in clouds leading to precipitation. It consists largely of mineral particles with a small fraction of organic matter constituted mainly of remains of micro-organisms that participated in degrading plant debris before their own decay. Some micro-organisms have been shown to be much better ice nuclei than the most efficient soil mineral. Yet, current aerosol schemes in global climate models do not consider a difference between soil dust and mineral dust in terms of ice nucleation activity. Here, we show that particles from the clay and silt size fraction of four different soils naturally associated with 0.7 to 11.8 % organic carbon (w/w) can have up to four orders of magnitude more ice nucleation sites per unit mass active in the immersion freezing mode at −12 °C than montmorillonite, the nucleation properties of which are often used to represent those of mineral dusts in modelling studies. Most of this activity was lost after heat treatment. Removal of biological residues reduced ice nucleation activity to, or below that of montmorillonite. Desert soils, inherently low in organic content, are a large natural source of dust in the atmosphere. In contrast, agricultural land use is concentrated on fertile soils with much larger organic matter contents than found in deserts. It is currently estimated that the contribution of agricultural soils to the global dust burden is less than 20 %. Yet, these disturbed soils can contribute ice nuclei to the atmosphere of a very different and much more potent kind than mineral dusts.
37
Anna, Gałązka, Gawryjołek Karolina, Grządziel Jarosław, Frąc Magdalena e Księżak Jerzy. "Microbial community diversity and the interaction of soil under maize growth in different cultivation techniques". Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 6 (14 giugno 2017): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/171/2017-pse.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soil microbial functional diversity under maize grown in different agricultural management practices was determined using the Biolog EcoPlates and other microbial and biochemical methods. Comparisons of substrate utilization and the diversity indices showed differences in community composition of microorganisms related to different cultivation techniques and seasons. The soil samples collected in spring were characterized by statistically significant lower indices of biological activity in comparison to the soil collected from the flowering stage of maize. The soils collected in spring from the plots with full tillage had a similarly high biological activity as the soils obtained from maize flowering season. The principal component of PC analysis, showed the strong correlation between the parameters of soil quality and biodiversity indicators. Selected indicators of soil microbial diversity explained 71.51% of biological variability in soils. Based on the PC analysis, two major groups of soils have been indicated. Management practices and seasons were two important factors affecting soil microbial communities.
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Trevisan, Sara, Ornella Francioso, Silvia Quaggiotti e Serenella Nardi. "Humic substances biological activity at the plant-soil interface". Plant Signaling & Behavior 5, n. 6 (giugno 2010): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.6.11211.
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VaÇulik, A., C. Kounda-Kiki, C. Sarthou e J. F. Ponge. "Soil invertebrate activity in biological crusts on tropical inselbergs". European Journal of Soil Science 55, n. 3 (20 aprile 2004): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00615.x.
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40
Mekich, M. Z., N. М. Dzhura e O. I. Terek. "Functional and applied significance of biological activity of soil". Studia Biologica 7, n. 3 (2013): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.0703.307.
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Zulfia, Tukenova, Alimzhanova Mereke, Kazybaeyeva Saule, Ashimuly Kazhybek e Zhylkybaev Oral. "Soil Invertebrate Animals as Indicators of Contamination of Light Chestnut Ground of Southeast of Kazakhstan". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 3.32 (26 agosto 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.32.18398.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of living organisms as biological indicators for environmental change necessitates the development of a number of criteria on the basis of which it is possible to select indicator species. These include the biological activity of soils (mesofauna, enzymes). Bioindicators with a chronic anthropogenic load on the soil, in particular with prolonged application of fertilizers, can react to very weak effects due to dose accumulation, in addition, they make it unnecessary to use expensive and laborious physical and chemical methods for measuring biological parameters. The novelty of our research is based on the study of the influence of anthropogenic influences on the biological activity of soils in comparison with its basic indicators. This will allow us to establish a correlation between the soil fauna and the main traditional indicators of soil fertility, and significantly enhance their ecological significance in assessing agricultural practices in agricultural production. It has been revealed that the soils under study differ in relatively favorable physical properties, which in turn affects the distribution of the mesofauna. When the biological activity of soils was diagnosed, a decrease in the activity of soil mesofauna was noted in variants with high doses of phosphorus fertilizers depending on the type of soil. In light chestnut soils, meso-faunistic indices are reduced to (16 ind·m-2) and poor group diversity. The main representatives of the soil mesofauna are Carabidae, Formicidae, Lumbricidae, Scarabeidae. Typical species for fertilized soils are Carabidae, Lumbricidae, Scarabeidae. It was revealed that larvae of the mesofauna of soils from the family Curculionidae, Scarabaeidae are characteristic representatives. Representatives of these families can be used as bioindicators in conducting studies on the investigated soils. Bioindicator species of the investigated soils are present irrespective of the use of mineral fertilizers and, accordingly, the level of pesticide content.
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Beyer, Lothar, Christine Wachendorf, Dirk C. Elsner e Roland Knabe. "Suitability of dehydrogenase activity assay as an index of soil biological activity". Biology and Fertility of Soils 16, n. 1 (giugno 1993): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336515.
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43
Tukenova, Z. A., A. E. Amangeldy e T. A. Bazarbayeva. "THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEADOW-CHESTNUT SOIL OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN". Bulletin of Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 56, n. 1 (2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2021.v56.i1.016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article provides an ecological assessment of the impact of heavy metals on the biological properties of meadow chestnut trees in the southeast of Kazakhstan. The paper presents data on the study of the effect of heavy metals on the biological activity of soils. A review of literature data on the content of heavy metals in the environment is given, and the negative impact of some of them on the biological properties of meadow-chestnut soil is described. The species of soil invertebrates were identified, as well as soil enzymes that should be used as bioindicators for monitoring the contamination of meadow-chestnut soils with heavy metals. The results obtained will expand knowledge about changes in the biological activity of meadow-chestnut soils under the influence of HM pollution in the ecosystems of southeastern Kazakhstan.
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Walkiewicz, Anna, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Andrzej Bieganowski, Lidia Sas-Paszt e Magdalena Frąc. "Early Response of Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity to Biofertilizer Application in Degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of Contrasting Textures". Agronomy 10, n. 9 (7 settembre 2020): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091347.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We tested agriculturally and chemically degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of contrasting textures to establish the early response of soil quality to two different mineral fertilizers (Polifoska and urea) amended with microbes applied in optimal and reduced doses. The soil samples were collected from two fields under maize: one week (Ist sampling time) and six months (IInd sampling time) after fertilization. The laboratory experiment included determination of: catalase activity, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass, and basal respiration; pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were also measured. The silty Luvisol was characterized by higher biological activity than the sandy Arenosol. Biofertilizer addition to degraded soils increased the biological activity, even in reduced doses of additives used; however the responses of the tested microbiological indicators were different. Soil texture affected the positive biomass response to biofertilizers which was observed in samples from Ist sampling time in silty soil, while from IInd sampling time in sandy soil. Based on our results, we propose that Polifoska with microorganisms (used in full dose) may be optimal for silty soil. Polifoska (in reduced dose) and urea (both in full and reduced dose) may be recommended for sandy soils. Increasing pH was a stronger driver of soil biological activity than DOC. Long-term field testing is suggested for validating our results.
45
Uz, Ilker, e Ismail Emrah Tavali. "Short-Term Effect of Vermicompost Application on Biological Properties of an Alkaline Soil with High Lime Content from Mediterranean Region of Turkey". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/395282.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study was conducted to investigate direct short-term impact of vermicompost on some soil biological properties by monitoring changes after addition of vermicompost as compared to farmyard manure in an alkaline soil with high lime content from semiarid Mediterranean region of Turkey. For this purpose, mixtures of soil and organic fertilizers in different doses were incubated under greenhouse condition. Soil samples collected in regular intervals were analyzed for biological parameters including dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activities, and total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Even though soil dehydrogenase activity appeared to be dose-independent based on overall evaluation, organic amendments were found to elevate dehydrogenase activity when sampling periods are evaluated individually.β-glucosidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity, and aerobic mesophilic bacterial numbers in vermicompost treatments fluctuated but remained significantly above the control. A slight but statistically significant difference was detected between organic amendments in terms of urease activity. Vermicompost appeared to more significantly increase bacterial number in soil. Clearly, vermicompost has a potential to be used as an alternative to farmyard manure to improve and maintain soil biological activity in alkaline calcareous soils from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Further studies are needed to assess its full potential for these soils.
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Tsentylo, L. V. "Biological activity of soil on different systems of sunflower protection and soil Processing". Taurian Scientific Herald 108 (2019): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2019.108.16.
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Wołejko, Elżbieta, Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć, Urszula Wydro, Andrzej Butarewicz e Bożena Łozowicka. "Soil biological activity as an indicator of soil pollution with pesticides – A review". Applied Soil Ecology 147 (marzo 2020): 103356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.09.006.
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Kostina, N. V., A. N. Chernysheva, M. V. Gorlenko, Yu E. Kozlova e M. M. Umarov. "Effect of Vital Activity of Soil-Dwelling Tipulid (Tipula maxima) Larvae on Biological Activity in the Soil". Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin 74, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147687419010071.
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Gangwar, R. K., M. Makádi, M. Fuchs, Á. Csorba, E. Michéli, I. Demeter e T. Szegi. "Comparison of biological and chemical properties of arable and pasture Solonetz soils". Agrokémia és Talajtan 67, n. 1 (giugno 2018): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soil samples were collected from salt-affected soils (Solonetz) under different land uses, namely arable (SnA) and pasture (SnP), to investigate the effects of land use on microbiological [basal soil respiration (BSR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and phosphatase activity] and chemical properties [organic carbon (OC), humic ratio (E4/E6), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), available forms of phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+)] and on the moisture content. The results showed that the two sites, SnA and SnP, were statistically different from each other for all the microbiological and chemical parameters investigated except Na+ and moisture content. Higher values of MBC (575.67 μg g-1), BSR (9.71 μg CO2 g-1 soil h-1), DHA (332.76 μg formazan g-1 day-1) and phosphatase activity (0.161 μmol PNP g-1 hr-1) were observed for the SnP soil. Great heterogeneity was found in SnP in terms of microbiological properties, whereas the SnA plots showed more homogeneous microbiological activity due to ploughing. 75.34% of variance was explained by principal component one (PC1), which significantly separated SnA and SnP, especially on the basis of soil MBC and P2O5. Moreover, it was concluded that the pasture land (SnP) was microbiologically more active than arable land (SnA) among the Hungarian salt-affected soils investigated.
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Stepanov, A. I., A. Ya Fyodorov, F. V. Nikolaeva e D. V. Borisova. "THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION FLAVOBACTERIN ON POTATO YIELD AND SOIL FERTILITY". Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, n. 6 (24 gennaio 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-6-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents the results of research into complex effect of organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle manure) in different doses with the biological preparation Flavobacterin on agrochemical parameters and biological activity of permafrost soils in the cultivation of the recognized potato variety Varmas. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2018 on permafrost chernozem-meadow light-loamy saline soils of the Central Yakut lowland of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The yield of potatoes increased with the application of manure in the dose of 60 t/ha and biological preparation Flavobacterin by 61.4%, control (without fertilizers) – 9.7 t/ha. In the variant: manure 40 t/ha + biopreparation Flavobacterin, the yield amounted to 13.0 t/ha; when treating with the biological preparation – 10.7 t/ha. The use of organic fertilizers in different doses in all studied variants increased the content of phosphorus, potassium and total nitrogen in the soil compared to the control. Combined application of organic fertilizers and biological preparation Flavobacterin increased the biological activity of permafrost soils by 2.9–4.7 times. The intensity of the biological activity of permafrost soils in all years of research was observed during the growing season of crops. The number of soil microorganisms reached its maximum in July and decreased at the end of the growing season (early September), due to the peculiarities of the hydrothermal regime of the soil under study. To preserve soil fertility, it is recommended to use organic fertilizers in combination with the biological preparation based on agrochemical parameters of permafrost soils.