Articoli di riviste sul tema "Sociology, medical – methods"
Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: Sociology, medical – methods.
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 articoli di riviste per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Sociology, medical – methods".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi gli articoli di riviste di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
Lee, Seunghee, Myung-Hyun Chung, Jwa-Seop Shin e Eun Kyung Chung. "A Survey on the Introduction of Medical Humanities and Sociology into the National Medical Licensing Examination". Korean Medical Education Review 12, n. 1 (30 giugno 2010): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17496/kmer.2010.12.1.033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the current situation of Medical Humanities and Sociology-related-curriculum in Korean medical schools, and suggesting the courses of study for the contents and methods of the Medical Humanities and Sociology examination, which can be included in the National Examination for Medical Practitioners. Methods: We analyzed Medical Humanities and Sociology-related courses which are offered in Korean medical schools, and a survey was conducted by medical school professors and students and medical journalists. In the survey, the Medical Humanities and Sociology-related courses were divided into 8 parts, and the participants were asked to evaluate the importance of duty, necessity of education, necessity of evaluation and the evaluation method of each part using a seven-point scale. Results: A total of 207 medical school professors and students and 9 medical journalists participated in the survey. The results were similar for the importance of duty and necessity of education of each part, but those for the necessity of evaluation were different. - As a result, there seems to be a gap between the importance of duty and the importance of education of each course. Medical journalists and students group answered differently on the necessity of evaluation of each course was also reserved. Conclusion: It is necessarily recommended to include Medical Humanities and Sociology-related courses such as medical ethics, self-improvement and doctors’ social responsibilities in the National Examination for Medical Practitioners.
2
Gregory, Stanford W., e Richard O'Toole. "Teaching Sociological Research Methods to Medical Students". Teaching Sociology 15, n. 2 (aprile 1987): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1318026.
Testo completo
3
Kaminskas, Raimundas, e Žilvinas Darulis. "Peculiarities of medical sociology: application of social theories in analyzing health and medicine". Medicina 43, n. 2 (23 dicembre 2006): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43020013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective. To reveal the peculiarities of medical sociology introducing the application of social theories in analyzing public health and medicine. Methods. Comparative and descriptive analysis of scientific references found and current situation. Results. During the last decade of the 20th century, the discussions about the sociology of health and medicine as separate discipline and its practical applications became more active. Main factors determined the growing importance of discipline were institutionalization of medicine and health care, changing patterns in doctor-patient relationships, different health perceptions, understanding of the influence of social factors on health, cardinal changes in the area of health technologies, consumeristic attitude towards health, appearance of market relationships within health care, and other global phenomena. In sociology, usual social theories such as structural functionalism, conflict, symbolic interaction, poststructuralism, feminist often attempt to explain the changes within health care. There is a relation of medical sociology and other types of sociology having common areas with medicine and health being analyzed in the article; social theories and their application in the field of health and medicine are being introduced attempting to explain the ongoing social changes in both Lithuania and the world. Conclusions. More and more attention in various areas of medical activities is being paid to the social aspects (both individual and society levels) of these activities, and there is a shift from applied sociology towards medical one. Despite the cessations of the development of medical sociology as separate branch of sciences, the researches of recent years are demonstrating obvious approaching modern research issues and methods, which do exist in contemporary world. Such tendencies show the prompt approaching of the academic community of Lithuania the general scientific standards which are dominating in the globalization-effected world.
4
Franz, Berkeley, Daniel Skinner, Jonathan Wynn e Kelly Kelleher. "Urban Hospitals as Anchor Institutions: Frameworks for Medical Sociology". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (gennaio 2019): 237802311881798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118817981.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent policy developments are forcing many hospitals to supplement their traditional focus on the provision of direct patient care by using mechanisms to address the social determinants of health in local communities. Sociologists have studied hospital organizations for decades, to great effect, highlighting key processes of professional socialization and external influences that shape hospital-based care. New methods are needed, however, to capture more recent changes in hospital population health initiatives in their surrounding neighborhoods. The authors describe three promising sociological frameworks for studying the changing hospital: (1) the study of professions, (2) social network analysis, and (3) community-based participatory research. The authors argue that future analyses of hospitals and health outcomes must move beyond the internal-external dichotomy to see hospitals as complex institutions that are increasingly entwined with communities and subject to changes in state regulation.
5
Rochana, Totok. "The Implementation of Multicultural- Based Sociology Learning in Senior High School". Komunitas 12, n. 2 (3 settembre 2020): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v12i2.23338.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines the implementation of multicultural-based sociology learning in senior high school. The objectives of this study are: (1) To describe the sociology learning that is carried out currently; and (2) to describe the implementation of multicultural-based sociology learning. This study employed a qualitative approach to produce a description and analysis of findings. The subjects of the study were sociology teachers in Kendal Regency. The type of data collection was both in the form of quantitative data and qualitative data. The data were collected using observation and interview guidelines. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis with interactive techniques. The current implementation of sociology learning is based on the learning objectives of sociology, namely to develop sociology knowledge and practice to improve students’ social skills. Based on the objectives of sociology learning, it influences the learning approaches, models, methods, media and resources, and assessment. The implementation of multicultural-based sociology learning is based on the goal of multicultural learning. The learning is addressed as an effort to develop students' ability  to view   different cultures and to be positive towards cultural, racial, and ethnic differences. Based on these learning objectives, the implementation of sociology learning differs in terms of learning approaches, models, methods, and assessments.
6
Abdiraiymova, Gulmira, Sholpan Tolendi e Edward Ko-ling Chan. "METHODS OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE". Adam alemi 89, n. 3 (26 settembre 2021): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.3/1999-5849.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is devoted to the analysis of various forms of socio-psychological and medical work with children who have been sexually abused. The research article has been done by the collaboration with graduate student and her internal and external scientific advisers as a part of PhD thesis. In the article used modern forms of methods in sociology and social work. The analysis shows that child sexual abuse is one of the most serious and complex problems, involving a variety of inappropriate behavior, including physical and moral components. Research shows that sexually abused children can suffer physical, emotional and psychological consequences, many of which persist throughout their lives. The article describes specific areas of socio-psychological and medical work on the treatment of serious injuries in children who have been sexually abused; the classification of medical and psychological consequences of sexual violence against children was carried out and the relationship between psycho-traumatic effects was revealed. Complex methods of rehabilitation in the study of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in children are considered in detail.
7
Paşca, Maria-Dorina. "The Role and Importance of Interactive Methods in Stimulating Teaching Activities with Medical Students". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 30, n. 2 (1 giugno 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2024-0071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The teacher-student relationship may represent, in certain situations, the key of achieving didactic activities. Those, if carried out during the appropriate pedagogical time (course and / or seminar) could determine the existence of a new psycho-pedagogical attitude and behavior, aiming primarily at the teaching-learning method, but also the interactive participation and co-participation of the two actors directly involved in this stimulus-creative approach. In this context, the existence of applicative exercises/play in certain disciplines in socio-human behavior (specifically-medical psychology, medical sociology, doctor-patient communication) determines but also valorizes a new educational behavior, namely, teacher-student communication and interrelation vs student-teacher. Thus, by catching the student’s attention, stimulating his / her thinking, imagination and volitional-emotional values we can make educational sequences that also enhance “freshmen” experience from year I, building up and defining the whole experience in VIth year, in most cases.
8
Choura, Sabiha. "Grammatical choices of ditransitive patterns in academic articles". Text & Talk 39, n. 3 (27 maggio 2019): 315–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Texts are products of systemic functional choices determined by contextual factors . To analyze how the context affects writers’ lexico-grammatical choices, this paper attempts to study ditransitive patterns in the research article genre across medical science and sociology, a choice explained by the gap in the literature of genre analysis of ditransitivity. To this end, ditransitive patterns are quantified in a corpus of 245 academic articles from medical science and sociology published in 2011. The analysis shows that the object–prepositional object pattern dominates both disciplines, which can be explained by its being a compactness device enabling writers to observe the communicative functions of the research article genre. Across the two disciplines, the higher frequency of clausal patterns in sociology than medical science reveals the explicitness and persuasiveness of writers in sociology, which may be attributed to the different research methods, and the nature of knowledge accumulation in each discipline. These findings lead to the conclusion that the choices of ditransitive patterns are determined by the generic features of the research article genre and disciplinary specificities, though they are also influenced by the different research topics across disciplines and the category-selectional properties of ditransitives.
9
Cooper, Brian. "Sociology in the Context of Social Psychiatry". British Journal of Psychiatry 161, n. 5 (novembre 1992): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.5.594.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As part of its concern with the environmental causes of disease, medical research tries to comprehend the nature of social processes and their implications for human health: an endeavour calling for sociological concepts and methods (Susser et al, 1985). Medical needs are mirrored within sociology, which has never been confined to study of the workings of society, but has always concerned itself also with their impact on individuals and on public health. The importance of cooperation between the two disciplines is thus indisputable. Nevertheless, interprofessional relationships have never been easy, and Pflanz's dictum, that “the history of the relationship between sociology and medicine is … mainly a history of unsuccessful encounters” (Pflanz, 1976), remains substantially true today. The difficulties have been ascribed to interdisciplinary tensions of the kind that arise when a relatively young academic profession seeks to assert its autonomy in a relationship with an older-established and more powerful one. Martin (1976), stressing the dangers that can result from mutually false expectations, invoked the analogy of a marriage in which:
10
Boyko, S. L. "The problem of adherence to treatment from the standpoint of the sociology of medicine". Health and Ecology Issues, n. 3 (28 settembre 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2020-17-3-14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: to substantiate adherence to treatment as a form of social responsibility of citizens from the standpoint of the sociology of patients. Material and methods. The work uses the principles and methods of the sociology of medicine. A sociological survey of a representative sample of medical care consumers (880 people) on adherence to treatment was conducted, and a model of compliance ratio as a model for subsequent drug therapy was substantiated. Results and discussion. The performed survey has shown that every second patient learns about their rights from the mass media. Men are significantly less likely than women to follow medical prescriptions (p < 0.01). Women are significantly more likely to trust the doctor's opinion about treatment, if they disagree, they are more likely to turn to another specialist, while men are significantly more likely to simply refuse treatment and other recommendations from the attending doctor. The respondents called their own laziness and / or aversion to taking medications as the main reason for non-compliance with treatment. Conclusion. Low social responsibility of patients for compliance with the doctor's recommendations has been found. The concept «adherence to treatment» has been introduced into the problem field of the sociology of medicine.
11
Gavrilik, A. A. "NEW METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE TRUST OF FOREIGN CONSUMERS OF MEDICAL SERVICES IN BELARUSIAN DOCTORS". Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 18, n. 6 (31 dicembre 2020): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-6-727-731.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. To date, there are no evidence-based ways to assess patients ' trust in medical professionals. The relevance of searching for such methods for studying the level of social trust of foreign consumers of medical services in Belarusian doctors is not in doubt due to the annual increase in the export of medical services. Objective: to develop a new method for assessing the confidence of foreign patients in Belarusian doctors. Material and methods. Based on the Russian and foreign experience in studying trust in the provision of non-medical services and using the principles of sociology of medicine, an approach to the mathematical assessment of the level of trust of foreign consumers of medical services in Belarusian doctors has been developed. Results. The method includes a sociological survey with subsequent calculation of the index of trust in Belarusian doctors, determined on the basis of generalized trust indices (three types), the values of which are calculated based on the values of two indicators: the indicator of generalized trust of foreign consumers in Belarusian doctors and the indicator of the measure of personal trust of foreign consumers in Belarusian doctors. Conclusions. The method of calculating confidence indices needs to be implemented and further tested, the survey of foreign patients is planned to be conducted after each case of receiving medical care in the Grodno region.
12
Orlova, Irina, e Egor Fomin. "Digital sociology: capabilities, risks and prospects". Национальная безопасность / nota bene, n. 3 (marzo 2020): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2020.3.33274.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of this article is theoretical provisions of the new scientific field – digital sociology, developed by the leading foreign and Russian experts in the area of sociology, anthropology, public administration, as well as political, social and information technologies (K. Michael, R. Clark, M. Fourcade, K. Healy, L. Manovich, L. Sloan, J. Morgan). Along with theoretical positions, the author examines the results of empirical research in the area of digital sociology, acquired by the representatives of government structures, corporations, medical institutions, and secret services (K. Garattini, E. M. Chereshnev, G. Greenwald, and C. Sunstein). Leaning on the texts that are unfamiliar to Russian audience, the authors explore the theoretical positions of digital sociology, determine its object field, methodological capabilities, identify risks and boundaries, as well as outline the prospects for future development. The article analyzes the current trends in the area of cyborgization and chipping of humans, and assesses the risks of utilization of digital tools to controlling citizens in real and virtual environments. It is demonstrated that the interface and software of modern technologies pattern and determine reality. The authors reveal the methods used by a number of secret services in foreign countries that control and manipulate discussions in the social networks. The approaches of the theoreticians of sociology – J. Bentham, M. Foucault, and B. Latour are being adapted to the context of research. The authors also assess methodological traps related to big data analysis, and propose the ways for increasing validity of the results of research, obtained using the methods of digital sociology.
13
Meyer, R. "A Bio-medical Informatics Perspective on Human Factors". Yearbook of Medical Informatics 19, n. 01 (agosto 2010): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638683.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Objectives: to select and summarize excellent research papers published in 2009 in the field of human factors in bio-medical informatics. Methods: we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in this field, from a selection of research papers published in 2009. Results: it is possible to identify commonalities in this diverse domain: healthcare information technologies (HIT) adoption still occupies a central role in the fieldwith research focused mainly on measuring impact and influence of this adoption. Conclusion: The HIT community is giving birth to interdisciplinary research and clear methods to optimize implementation and subsequent achievement of managerial objectives. It also tries to synthesize the major findings in workshops, meetings and networks. The best paper selection of articles on human factors shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original options to assess the importance of healthcare personnel psycho-sociology when confronted to the adoption of new tools and process which still does not prevent failures but will help learning from them.
14
Nida Khan e Dr. Mohd Haroon. "Comparative Study of Various Crowd Detection and Classification Methods for Safety Control System". International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 12, n. 3 (20 giugno 2022): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.12.3.18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A crowd is a distinct collection of people or anything that is involved in community or society. The phenomenon of a crowd is fairly well known in a wide range of academic fields, including sociology, civil engineering, and physics, amongst others. At this point in time, it has developed into the most active-oriented research and fashionable issue in the field of computer vision. Pre-processing, object detection, and event or behavior identification are the three stages of processing that are traditionally included in crowd analysis. These stages are pre-processing, object detection, and event recognition. Pre-processing, object detection, and event or behaviour identification are the three stages of processing that are traditionally included in crowd analysis. These stages are pre-processing, object detection, and event recognition. This study gives a model of crowd analysis as well as a taxonomy of the most prevalent method to crowd analysis. It may be helpful to researchers and would serve as a good introduction connected to the area of work that has been conducted.
15
Bloom-Pojar, Rachel. "Bodies in Flux: Scientifıc Methods for Negotiating Medical Uncertainty". Rhetoric and Public Affairs 23, n. 1 (1 marzo 2020): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/rhetpublaffa.23.1.0181.
Testo completo
16
Jakušovaitė, Irayda, e Aurelija Blaževičienė. "The approach of medical students towards studies of the humanities and social sciences". Medicina 43, n. 7 (6 febbraio 2007): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43070074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective. To analyze the attitudes of the medical students from Kaunas University of Medicine, Krakow Jagiellonian University, and St. Petersburg State University towards the studies of the humanities and social sciences. Materials and methods. The survey was carried out in three universities (Kaunas University of Medicine, Krakow Jagiellonian University, and St. Petersburg State University) during 2004– 2005. The questionnaire for the investigation was developed based on R. D. Stenberg’s works on the ways of knowledge-, practice-, and personality-oriented thinking. Results. After the analysis of students’ attitudes towards the importance of the disciplines of ethics, philosophy, sociology, and psychology at the universities of Kaunas, Krakow, and St. Petersburg, important differences have been found among them. Students gave the highest priority to ethics in their profession. Answering the question, “Are philosophical studies important in medical studies,” statistically significant differences appeared among Krakow, Kaunas, and St. Petersburg universities. Students of all the universities agreed that sociology and psychology studies were important for their future profession. Conclusions. Having estimated the opinions of medical students’ attitudes towards the importance of the humanities and social sciences, we may state that the students of Krakow and St. Petersburg universities more often agreed that ethics and philosophy were important for their studies. The importance of psychology science was emphasized by the students of all universities, and the students of Kaunas University of Medicine and St. Petersburg State University agreed more often that the discipline of sociology was important for the future studies.
17
Sihua, Chen, Wu Shuang e Xi Biao. "On the Multidisciplinary Perspective of Medical Education Model Research and Its Impact on Medical Students' Smoking Behavior". Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, n. 6 (3 novembre 2021): 5894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.69.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Medical education research is relatively an emerging field, which is not only because of its interdisciplinary nature of pedagogy and medicine, but more importantly, the methods and findings of medical education research are borrowed from research results and literature in the fields of pedagogy, history, sociology, cognition and psychology. This determines the multidisciplinary nature of medical education research. In fact, many research problems are complex and diverse, which requires the use of knowledge and resources in multiple disciplines and fields for understanding or solution. Hence, now more emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary research, rather than pure multidisciplinary research, which is to integrate the theories, thinking and methods of multiple disciplines to jointly study a problem. In medical education research, appropriate use of theories and methods of different disciplines may produce new theories and methods, which in turn may be used for reference by other disciplines and fields. On the premise of this multi-disciplinary perspective, this paper discusses the impact of the change of medical education model on the smoking behavior of medical students, and points out that the non-smoking behavior of medical students is especially affected by the interaction between the role model behavior of teachers in medical colleges and the teaching humanistic environment, Finally, the conclusion is that the research on medical education similar to complex cases needs to be examined from the perspective of integrated thinking and multi-disciplinary.
18
Georgieva-Stankova, N. "ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH LIFESTYLES: STRUCTURAL AND INTERSECTIONAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY". Trakia Journal of Sciences 19, Suppl.1 (2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose and Methods: The paper traces the effects of the environment and other structural factors on individual health and illness, as analysed theoretically by Medical Sociology. More particularly, it focuses on the interplay between structural factors in sociology and individual agency, i.e. the extent to which one’s health is a matter of personal choice or affected by macrosocial factors, such as living conditions, social status, race/ethnicity, gender, age and etc. Results: An imaginary debate between an expanded economic view on health (Becker 1979) and a sociological perspective (Cockerham 2013) is staged to weigh out different standpoints and the insistence on the primacy of either of the factors. William Cockerham’s health lifestyles (2013) is analysed (an extension of the traditions of Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu), as an interplay between life chances and life choices, stressing the primacy of structural factors, without disregarding individual agency, however, within the confines of particular structural restrictions. Discussion and conclusion: Criticism of Becker’s economic health perspective is provided. Additionally, the intersectionality of structural factors is examined and their mutual co-determination. Finally, a claim is made for the need to connect environmental health with preventive medicine.
19
Sapunaru, Raquel Anna, e Ana Luiza Mendes de Castro. "IS THERE A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION FOR SUICIDE?" Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 3, n. 03 (4 luglio 2022): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/gei.v3i03.769.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present work discusses the role and importance of sociology, through some views. It also deals with the work of Émile Durkheim, who is considered one of the founding sociologists of this science, as he was the only sociologist to deal with suicide as a social fact and not a medical-physiological phenomenon. Durkheim defines four types of suicide, namely: egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic. The discussion made here is extensive, covering various aspects of the sociology of suicide, so to speak. Roughly speaking, the objectives of this work are to discuss the issue of suicide from the point of view of sociology and to briefly study the work of the sociologist Émile Durkheim, linked to the issue of suicide.The methods used are bibliographic, with historical and comparative aspects.
20
Taufik Suryadi e Kulsum. "Medical Humanities in Clinical Rotation of Forensic Medicine and other Clinical Setting". Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, n. 2 (30 maggio 2020): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i2.240.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Humanities is one of the pillars of science taught at the Faculty of Medicine. The humanities approach to medicine is believed to be able to provide increased professionalism for doctors in providing services to patients. Several teaching methods have been developed to incorporate medical humanities into the curriculum, including through the approaches of spirituality-religiosity, arts and literature, and narrative medicine. The integration of humanities in medical education can be done by showing professional attitude, communication skills, introspective and practice of self-reflection. In clinical rotation of forensic medicine, medical humanities have been applied to students. One way to implement medical humanities is through several concept approaches, namely religion, bioethics, health law, sociology of medicine and professional behavior.
21
Cockerham, William C. "The sociology of health in the United States: recent theoretical contributions". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, n. 4 (aprile 2014): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014194.14872013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines recent trends in theory in health sociology in the United States and finds that the use of theory is flourishing. The central thesis is that the field has reached a mature state and is in the early stage of a paradigm shift away from a past focus on methodological individualism (in which the individual is the primary unit of analysis) toward a growing utilization of theories with a structural orientation This outcome is materially aided by research methods (e.g. hierarchal linear modeling, biomarkers) providing measures of structural effects on the health of the individual that were often absent or underdeveloped in the past. Structure needs to be accounted for in any social endeavor and contemporary medical sociology appears to be doing precisely that as part of the next stage of its evolution. The recent contributions to theory in the sociology of health discussed in this paper are fundamental cause, medicalization, social capital, neighborhood disadvantage, and health lifestyle theories.
22
Scheepers, Louisa, Miriam Engels, Leif Boß, Judith Engels, Rebekka Kuhlmann, Johanna Kuske, Valeria Pavlista et al. "O-313 WORKING FROM HOME – A MIXED-METHOD STUDY: HEALTH EXPERIENCES AND EFFECTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION". Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (1 luglio 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1207.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Louisa Scheepers Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Germany. Paula Fialho Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Germany. Peter Angerer Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf Germany. Nico Dragano Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Germany. Claudia Pischke Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Germany. Introduction Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, working from home has become a common practice in many companies. This brings potential benefits, but also possible health risks for managers and employees. Currently, systematic research on the organization of home work is still in its early stages, and there is a lack of specific recommendations. This study wants to provide a comprehensive understanding of the health experiences associated with working from home and to evaluate the effects of health-promoting interventions in home offices. Methods First, six guideline-based focus groups (n=34) were conducted in three medium-sized companies to record the experiences and necessities. The data was analysed to identify health-related interventions to organise home office. Subsequently, the developed intervention (workshops combined with a workbook) was evaluated in a randomized-controlled-trial (n=40) for its consequences on health. Results Qualitative results Flexibility is the most important reason to work from home. However, dealing with the gained flexibility had to be learned, and there was a need for support in different domains, such as ergonomics or boundary management. Early quantitative results A combined intervention (workshop and workbook) led to a reduction of work-related-stress. Final results will be presented at the conference. Discussion Although flexibility is known to reduce work-related-stress, support is needed in dealing with the newly gained space for action so that it does not become a new source of stress. A behavior-based combined intervention can assist in meeting the new challenges on an individual level. Conclusion In the future, the focus should also be on the implementation of contextual prevention measures.
23
Marchant Guamán, Eduardo Fabián, e Ruth Karina Moscoso Parra. "Right to life versus right to religious freedom: obligations and duties of the medical body". Revista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas 4, n. 2 (1 maggio 2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.62452/s5rgr729.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The debate on the hierarchy of the right to life as a fundamental right, in the face of the right to religious freedom, still takes on unsuspected dimensions from the academy and the research of scientific disciplines such as law, sociology, philosophy, medicine and the social sciences. The contribution of the research falls on the feedback of the legal sciences from the analysis of the doctrine and legal practice, leading to support the paradigm in favor of the prohibition of not killing arbitrarily. In this order, methods and techniques that led to their conclusions will be used, among these the purchased law, analytical exegetical, logical historical, deductive inductive, triangulation and document analysis.
24
Perrin, Pierre. "Training medical personnel: HELP and SOS courses". International Review of the Red Cross 31, n. 284 (ottobre 1991): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400070170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The early 1980s marked a turning point for humanitarian aid. During those years most of the major emergency relief agencies became aware that steps were needed to heighten the efficiency of their assistance to disaster victims.New policies were therefore introduced to:• promote preventive measures,• codify assessment methods,• standardize medicines and equipment,• rationalize intervention criteria, and• improve coordination among humanitarian organizations.
25
Sivin, Nathan. "The Question of Efficacy". Asian Medicine 10, n. 1-2 (3 ottobre 2015): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341349.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Historians avoid studying the efficacy of therapy before the age of the double-blind randomised trial. A related topic that has been the cause of great confusion is the meaning of the placebo effect and the efficacy of placebos. Medical anthropology and sociology, although they do not usually study the past, offer extremely useful tools for dealing rationally with both issues. This study uses their methods, among others, to argue that the body’s response to specific therapy is only one component of understanding efficacy, and that the others are much more useful in historical studies, especially those of other cultures. The case studies given in this paper are based on largely medical texts from sixteenth- to seventeenth-century China.
26
z Baiganova, Zhuldyz, Raushan Magzumova, Nailya Delellis e Ainagul Tulegenova. "SWOT analysis of the Human Resource Management Service of Medical Organizations in Kazakhstan". Journal of Health Development 2, n. 37 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32921/2225-9929-2020-2-37-31-36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Purpose of the study: to conduct a SWOT analysis of the human resource management service of medical organizations in Kazakhstan. Methods. In this work, a SWOT analysis of the human resource management service of medical organizations in Kazakhstan was carried out using the expert method Results. The SWOT analysis of the human resource management service of medical organizations revealed the prevalence of weaknesses over strengths by 1.25 times, and the prevalence of opportunities over strengths by 1.75 times and weak by 1.4 times. The potential of the personnel of the human resource management service is limited by the current functional duties and legal responsibility of the personnel policy of a medical organization. Conclusions. Implementation of the capabilities of the acquired skills of personnel management for a public health specialist will allow avoiding threats to the personnel policy of a medical organization by strengthening competencies aimed at sociology of labor, rationing of wages and recruiting personnel. Key words: SWOT analysis, human resource management service, medical organization, public health
27
Clouzeau, C. "What Place Should Osteopathy Take in the System of Medical Services in France?" Russian Osteopathic Journal, n. 3-4 (30 dicembre 2017): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2017-3-4-76-82.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order for osteopathy to be included in the system of medical services in France, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness and its role in public healthcare and preventive care. The article suggests studying the research methods adapted to the applied research of osteopathy, with the integration of human and subjective measurement of this new branch of medicine. It is necessary to do research on separating the technical part of the osteopathic session from the relational part using the tools of analysis of evidence-based medicine in order to offer a rational perception-focused practice. Moreover, the therapeutic status of osteopathy should be discussed.It is important to create epistemology of osteopathy, to defi ne dysfunction, to clarify techniques, their purposes and effectiveness, to evaluate a treatment session from the point of view of psychology, anthropology, sociology, and philosophy, in addition to clinical research.
28
Lessor, Roberta. "Introduction: Anselm Strauss's Grounded Theory and the Study of Work". Sociological Perspectives 43, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): S1—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073112140004300401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anselm Strauss was interested in the sociology of work in every sense and used his grounded theory method to observe and analyze everything he encountered, including his own “medical work.” Drawing on the reflections of his students, this introduction briefly examines Strauss's everyday work mode using grounded theory. The eight articles in this special issue honor Strauss by using his theories and methods for studying varieties of work in very different settings. The final article in this collection provides selected statements from graduates who had the opportunity to study with Strauss. Their voices reveal how Anselm Strauss influenced their lives and work and speak for the many sociologists he trained.
29
Cauderay, Gérald C. "Means of identification for protected medical transports". International Review of the Red Cross 34, n. 300 (giugno 1994): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040007813x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 provide that medical personnel and equipment shall in general be identified by the distinctive emblem of the red cross or red crescent. The Second Geneva Convention, applicable to the victims of conflict at sea, specifies that the exterior surfaces of hospital ships and smaller craft used for medical purposes shall be white and recommends that the parties to the conflict use “the most modern methods” to facilitate identification of medical transports at sea (Art. 43). It is also recommended that medical aircraft should be clearly marked with both the distinctive emblem and their national colours on their lower, upper and lateral surfaces. They should moreover be provided with “any other markings or means of identification” agreed upon between the belligerents from the outbreak or during the course of hostilities (First Convention, Art. 36, and Second Convention, Art. 39).
30
Van Staalduinen, Dorine J., Petra E. A. Van den Bekerom, Sandra M. Groeneveld, Arie Franx, Anne M. Stiggelbout e M. Elske Van den Akker-van Marle. "Differing Professional Perspectives on the Interprofessional Collaboration in IPUs: A Mixed-methods Study". International Journal of Integrated Care 23 (10 agosto 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.7516.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: An important aspect of Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) is providing the full cycle of care for a specific medical condition through interprofessional collaboration. This requires employees from diverse professional backgrounds to interact, but there is limited knowledge on how professionals perceive such interprofessional collaboration. We aimed to provide insight into how different professionals perceive Integrated Practice Unit (IPU) composition and what factors influence the quality of interprofessional collaboration within IPUs. Methods: A survey was administered to employees from different professional backgrounds (medical specialists, nurses, allied health professionals, administrative employees) working in IPUs to assess their perception of the composition of their IPU and the quality of the interactions. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the findings of the survey. Results: Medical specialists and nurses were most frequently considered to be part of an IPU and indicated that they have high quality interactions. Allied health professionals were less often considered part of the team by all other professional groups and all report low quality interaction with this group. The extent to which a professional group is perceived as a team member depends on their visibility, involvement in the treatment of the patient, and shared interest. Differences in the quality of interprofessional collaboration are influenced by organizational structures, knowledge of each other’s expertise, and by ways of communication. Conclusions: In VBHC, there seems to be a lack of common perception of an IPU’s composition and a failure to always achieve high quality interprofessional collaboration. Given the importance of interprofessional collaboration in VBHC, effort should be invested in achieving a shared understanding and improved collaboration.
31
Wijayanti, Wijayanti, e Ria Ripardi Wahyu Lestari. "Sociology of Space: The Elderly Activity Space Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic". Komunitas 14, n. 2 (28 settembre 2022): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v14i2.37883.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The current pandemic has an impact on all lines of life, especially on elderly people with vulnerable or declining health status. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly were active in activities inside and outside their homes to fill their spare time in their old age, but during social restrictions and physical distancing, they were forced to stay in their homes for an indefinite time. Through qualitative methods, this research explores the activity space of elderly women who are still active in daily activities both at home and in their neighborhood before the pandemic and during the pandemic where government policies limit/influence the activities of the elderly. Participants of the research are 60 years old elderly women and over (WHO, 2020) who live in Banyumanik residence. The results showed that there was a decrease in the scale of the activity space used by the elderly during the pandemic, namely from the environmental space scale to the residential space scale.
32
Cauderay, Gerald C. "Visibility of the distinctive emblem on medical establishments, units, and transports". International Review of the Red Cross 30, n. 277 (agosto 1990): 295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400075744.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 provide that medical personnel and equipment shall in general be identified by the distinctive emblem of the red cross or red crescent. The Second Geneva Convention, applicable to the victims of conflict at sea, specifies that the exterior surfaces of hospital ships and smaller craft used for medical purposes shall be white and recommends that the parties to the conflict use “the most modern methods” to facilitate identification of medical transports at sea (Art. 43).
33
Tsukanov, Nikolai, e Rustam Kokhan. "Improving the Procedure of Medical Examination for Drug Intoxication in the System of Prevention of Drug Trafficking: Russian and Foreign Experience". Russian Journal of Criminology 16, n. 6 (20 dicembre 2022): 726–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2022.16(6).726-736.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the statistical data of illegal drug consumption and drug-related crime in the Russian Federation, the CIS countries, the UK, the USA, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of India. There are two approaches to organizing the registration and assessment of the number of drug users in the states under consideration. The differences lie in the specific features of national legal models of medical examination for the state of drug intoxication. In the Russian Federation, the CIS countries, and the People's Republic of China, a medical examination for drug intoxication is used by the police officers as a measure of administrative coercion in an extrajudicial procedure. In addition to ensuring road safety and protecting public order, a medical examination for drug intoxication also helps to reveal and identify drug users and people with drug addiction for their further treatment, rehabilitation, and preventive work. The extrajudicial procedure and the simplicity of medical examination for drug intoxication allow the police to ensure a high frequency of its use. A systematic record of people who use illegal drugs is carried out. In the US, UK, and India, illegal actions while under the influence of drugs in public places and driving while intoxicated are punishable, whereas the facts of drug use, in the absence of immediate public danger, remain outside the attention of the police. As a judicial procedure needed for authorizing a medical examination for drug intoxication, such an examination is used less frequently. Studies of the extent of drug abuse in these countries are based on the citizen survey methods. The authors question the validity of using the same methods of assessing the level of drug addiction of the general population and the involvement of drug users in criminal activities for countries with different models of medical examination for drug intoxication. In order to assess the drug situation in the Russian Federation, it is proposed that measures should be taken to improve the methods for recording cases of drug consumption that were identified in the process of medical examination, as well as for registering persons who are under regular medical monitoring in drug treatment institutions. This would make it possible to use the information of drug consumption established in the process of medical examination as the main assessment tool, and the indirect methods (questionnaires, expert assessments) as the auxiliary one.
34
Nasrudin, Juhana. "Relasi Agama, Magi, Sains dengan Sistem Pengobatan Tradisional-Modern pada Masyarakat Pedesaan". Hanifiya: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 2, n. 1 (25 febbraio 2019): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hanifiya.v2i1.4270.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines the relation of Religion and the Traditional Medicine System to rural communities. The big conclusion of this dissertation shows that there are religious relations with the traditional medical system in the form of integration of religious functions into the traditional medicine system. Acculturation of religion and culture is evident in the traditional medicine system. The most important thing that characterizes traditional medicine is that at the practical level the traditional medical system in rural communities is inseparable from the magical and religious elements. So based on that religious function can be used as a function of therapy. This study uses qualitative methods, using two data sources. First, primary data obtained from document studies, field observations, In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion. The informant is obtained by Purposive and snowballing. Secondary data is supporting data obtained from books, journals, and magazines. To analyze the relationship between religion and the traditional medical system in rural communities, it was analyzed with three approaches to sociology, anthropology and psychology.
35
Albert, Mathieu, Paula Rowland, Farah Friesen e Suzanne Laberge. "Interdisciplinarity in medical education research: myth and reality". Advances in Health Sciences Education 25, n. 5 (24 giugno 2020): 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-09977-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe medical education (Med Ed) research community characterises itself as drawing on the insights, methods, and knowledge from multiple disciplines and research domains (e.g. Sociology, Anthropology, Education, Humanities, Psychology). This common view of Med Ed research is echoed and reinforced by the narrative used by leading Med Ed departments and research centres to describe their activities as “interdisciplinary.” Bibliometrics offers an effective method of investigating scholarly communication to determine what knowledge is valued, recognized, and utilized. By empirically examining whether knowledge production in Med Ed research draws from multiple disciplines and research areas, or whether it primarily draws on the knowledge generated internally within the field of Med Ed, this article explores whether the characterisation of Med Ed research as interdisciplinary is substantiated. A citation analysis of 1412 references from research articles published in 2017 in the top five Med Ed journals was undertaken. A typology of six knowledge clusters was inductively developed. Findings show that the field of Med Ed research draws predominantly from two knowledge clusters: the Applied Health Research cluster (made of clinical and health services research), which represents 41% of the references, and the Med Ed research cluster, which represents 40% of the references. These two clusters cover 81% of all references in our sample, leaving 19% distributed among the other knowledge clusters (i.e., Education, disciplinary, interdisciplinary and topic centered research). The quasi-hegemonic position held by the Applied Health and Med Ed research clusters confines the other sources of knowledge to a peripheral role within the Med Ed research field. Our findings suggest that the assumption that Med Ed research is an interdisciplinary field is not convincingly supported by empirical data and that the knowledge entering Med Ed comes mostly from the health research domain.
36
Nica, Elvira, Ana-Maria Iulia Şanta, Katarina Valaskova e Maria Gabriela Horga. "Burnout". International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 9, n. 3 (luglio 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2020070102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present paper deals with burnout as a challenge of our modern business world, given the phenomenon of heavy work investment in our society. The present article is emphasizing the strong connection between business, psychology, and medicine when dealing with people working in a modern, international business environment. The research methods are multi-disciplinary, combining elements of business, corporate culture, psychology, and even medical issues that are relevant in this context. The research methods used in the present paper are qualitative methods, metadata, and interviews (the questionnaire as a qualitative method) completed by the assessment of data and by proposing appropriate indicators ensuring the monitoring of burnout tendencies in companies. The paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together aspects of business and economics, psychology, life sciences, sociology, ethical issues, and cultural issues related to work. A tool for detecting burnout is analyzed. The research results can be relevant for managers and human resources departments.
37
García Izquierdo, Isabel. "At the cognitive and situational interface". Cognitive space: Exploring the situational interface 5, n. 1 (14 ottobre 2016): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.5.1.02gar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Characteristics such as interdisciplinarity and dynamism make both written medical communication and medical translation particularly complex. In order to address this complexity, researchers need to adopt an interdisciplinary perspective (involving discourse analysis, sociology of professions, knowledge communication, etc.) and to approach the communicative process as a complex and comprehensive chain of cause and effect interactions at three levels: cognitive (the translation act), situational (the translation event) and socio-cultural (norms, initiator, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research project concerned with communication in the highly sensitive area of cancer patients in two Spanish hospitals, to outline the methodological proposal of the Gentt Group, which advocates for flexibility in the approach (quantitative and qualitative methods) and for the use of the notion of genre as a conceptual tool for research purposes. The concept of genre combines linguistic, cognitive and contextual aspects, and it allows for links with translation studies theory.
38
Kim, Ju-Hee, Eun-Ha Jung, Yu-Rin Kim e Yu-Ri Choi. "Changes in College Students Major Satisfaction and Self-Efficacy Due to COVID-19". Korean Society of Oral Health Science 11, n. 1 (30 marzo 2023): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33615/jkohs.2023.11.1.60.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to reduce the difficulties caused by COVID-19 in college students.
Methods: This study was conducted for about 2 months, beginning in July 2021, and linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors affecting the difficulties experienced by college students due to COVID-19.
Results: The difficulties caused by COVID-19 were the fewest in the medical and health sectors, followed by the humanities and social sciences and others (p<0.05). As the student grade increased, the difficulty with COVID-19 increased by 1.092, and in the humanities and sociology and other departments, the difficulty with COVID-19 increased by 1.108, based on the medical and health departments (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The results obtained here suggest that each university should implement special education programs, such as career aptitude programs, to help students cope with the difficulties they encountered due to COVID-19
39
Yumeng, Wang. "A STUDY OF XI JINPING’S SPEECHES BASED ON THEMATIC PROGRESSION PATTERN - TAKE KEYNOTE SPEECHES AT THE BELT AND ROAD FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR EXAMPLE". International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 08, n. 11 (2023): 3651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i11.020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Belt and Road Initiative has opened new windows of opportunity and is of far-reaching significance. The speeches of President Xi Jinping at the two Belt and Road Forums for International Cooperation were crucial in demonstrating China's attitude. Thematic progression theory are very important for discourse analysis. Most existing studies analyze important speeches of President Xi from the perspectives of political science, sociology and translation studies, but few scholars conduct discourse analysis on them. Therefore, this paper takes Zhu Yongsheng's thematic progression theory as the theoretical framework, selects two keynote speeches that President Xi delivered at the opening ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation as the corpus, and uses quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze the themes and thematic progression patterns in the selected corpus. Through the analysis, this study finds out what TP patterns are used in the important speeches of President Xi Jinping, how many percentages of TP patterns are in those important speeches, and how those TP patterns realize their social functions. Especially, the use of the pronoun we as the constant theme, is an exquisite design of the discourse. It realizes its own social functions.
40
Vasylieva, Iryna V., Serhii L. Shevchenko, Kateryna O. Hololobova, Anna V. Laputko e Serhii V. Kiriienko. "Spiritual health under the wartime: existential aspects". Wiadomości Lekarskie 77, n. 4 (2024): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202404115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim: To study the spiritual health in existential dimensions, as well as the meaning, value, and emotional components of spiritual health of Ukrainians under the wartime. Materials and Methods: The theoretical and methodological framework of the paper is represented by the works of scholars in classical existentialism, contemporary philosophers, psychologists, medical psychologists, theologians, sociologists, etc. The complex nature of the issue necessitated the use of interdisciplinary approaches, philosophical, general scientific and special sociological methods of gathering, processing and analyzing information. Results: The article analyzes the perception of spirituality and spiritual health related to mental and social aspects in the philosophy of classical existentialism and existential-humanistic psychology. The paper justifies the heuristic potential of these approaches for maintaining spiritual health of Ukrainians, which is based on holistic approaches to human beings and their spiritual frames. The article represents the results of sociological research by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Scientific Research Institute of Social and Economic Development of the City, and a survey of the PhD students of the Bogomolets National Medical University (N=103) made by the authors, representing the results of statistical treatment of the spiritual health characteristics: emotional, value and meaning components. Conclusions: The study has shown that the deterioration of mental health indicators of Ukrainians during the war is not accompanied by corresponding negative trends in their spiritual health. However, further research on this issue is necessary, including studies among respondents from other age groups (faculty, staff of the Bogomolets National Medical University).
41
Fowler, Nicole, Brittney-Shea Herbert, Christopher Callahan, Siyun Peng, Brea Perry, Karmen Yoder, Gary Landreth e William Truitt. "TRAINING PHYSICIAN-SCIENTISTS IN SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE: INDIANA ADRD MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAM". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1968.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract There is a critical need to grow and strengthen the pipeline of physician scientists who have expertise in sociomedical and behavioral research and are dedicated to addressing the nation's challenges posed by Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). In 2021 The Indiana ADRD Medical Scientist Training Program (IADRD MSTP) was designed to meet this need and is built on the infrastructure of a robust portfolio of ADRD research, graduate training programs in medical neurosciences and sociology, and our existing MD-PhD program at Indiana University School of Medicine. The Aims of the IADRD MSTP are: 1) To recruit and train a competitive pool of diverse students who have an interest and commitment to social and behavioral research and patient care focused on ADRD; 2) To engage MD-PhD students early in mentored sociomedical and behavioral research that integrates IUs systems-based medical training curriculum with our cutting edge ADRD research that reinforces commitment and minimizes attrition of physician-scientists ADRD; and 3) To graduate students with dual MD-PhD degrees with strong methodological training in social and behavioral science and experts in ADRD who will be successful independent investigators at the best academic medical centers nationwide. The program includes rigorous didactic training in social, behavioral, and clinical research methods, with flexibility to allow students to focus their effort on one methodological area of interest; early initiation of ADRD research experiences with multidisciplinary teams of mentors and advisors; and the provision of educational experiences that enhance students' abilities to become independent researchers.
42
Colbert, Colleen Y., Andrei Brateanu, Amy S. Nowacki, Allison Prelosky-Leeson e Judith C. French. "An Examination of Resident Perspectives on Survey Participation and Methodology: Implications for Educational Practice and Research". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 13, n. 3 (1 giugno 2021): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-20-01431.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Background In medical education, self-administered questionnaires are used to gather information for needs assessments, innovation projects, program evaluations, and research studies. Despite the importance of survey methodology, response rates have declined for years, especially for physicians. Objective This study explored residents' experiences with survey participation and perceptions of survey design and implementation. Methods In 2019, residents at a large Midwestern academic medical center were recruited via email to participate in mixed specialty focus groups (FGs). Narrative comments were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed via conventional content analysis, utilizing cognitive sociology as a conceptual framework. Themes and subthemes were generated iteratively. Results Postgraduate year 1–4 residents (n = 33) from internal medicine, surgery, and neurology participated in 7 FGs (3–7 participants/group) from April–May 2019. Eight themes were generated during content analysis: Negative emotions, professionalism, accuracy, impact, survey design/implementation, biases, survey fatigue, and anonymity. Residents questioned the accuracy of survey data, given the tendency for self-selection to drive survey participation. Residents wanted survey participation to be meaningful and reported non-participation for a variety of reasons, including doubts over impact. Satisficing and breakoffs were commonly reported. Conclusions Though residency program cultures differ across institutions, the findings from this study, including potential barriers to survey participation, should be relevant to anyone in graduate medical education using survey methodology for programmatic data collection, accreditation, and research purposes.
43
Bimbinov, Arseniy, e Diana Stage. "The Development of Medical Criminal Law in Germany and in Russia". Russian Journal of Criminology 15, n. 4 (10 settembre 2021): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(4).456-465.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Negative consequences of the actions of medical professionals have always been subject to controversial assessment from the legal standpoint. There were periods in Russian history when doctors were prosecuted even without establishing their guilt first, and the periods when doctors were not held responsible at all for the violations that they committed. Currently, medical and pharmaceutical work is a complicated process of performing professional functions connected with the observance of established standards and requirements of its organization. Most medical tests and manipulations of prevention, research, diagnostic, treatment or rehabilitation character are regulated by formal protocols which could, in some cases, prevent a qualified doctor from saving a patient’s life and in others — inflict forced harm on their health. Both of these situations require a legal assessment of the actions, the mechanism of which has not yet been fully determined. This circumstance could lead to a criminal prosecution of a medical professional whose fault is absent (or non-obvious). On the other hand, a structurally complex professional activity, for which there are no recognized methods of legal assessment, creates preconditions for various violations and abuses on the part of medical professionals. Changing relationships between a doctor and a patient, as well as the commercialization of modern medical practices have made the healthcare system one of the most delicto- and even criminally-oriented. These factors act as causes for the growing complexity of legislation (in the wide sense of the word) on criminal liability of medical professionals and the controversial law enforcement practice which, in its turn, leads to the interest of researchers in these problems. The results of such research often remain unconnected with other achievements of the criminal law science; due to this, it is necessary to study the development of law, including the practice of law enforcement and the doctrine, on criminal liability of medical professionals – medical criminal law. Taking into consideration that such a sub-branch of law is not traditional for Russian science, the authors present the results of researching the development of medical criminal law not only in Russia, but also in Germany, where this sphere of law has long been established as independent.
44
Stefanelli, M. "Knowledge and Process Management in Health Care Organizations". Methods of Information in Medicine 43, n. 05 (2004): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633911.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Objective: Medical knowledge management and care process management have become to be considered as valuable strategic assets that can lead to sustained increase in Health Care Organization (HCO) performance. Thus, it is essential to investigate which are the enablers for promoting knowledge-based organizations (people, organization, process, and system perspectives). Although they are essential for a HCO to manage knowledge effectively, it is still unclear how to employ them in more principled fashion. This requires innovative management strategies to determine effective ways of utilizing knowledge resources and capabilities available both within and outside the organization. Method: This paper reviews knowledge and process management theories, methods, and technologies that are potentially effective in building high performance HCOs. They come from a variety of fields behind computer science and medical informatics, e.g. from business and organization sciences to psychological and cognitive sciences, from epistemology to sociology. However, the success in developing future Health Information Systems (HIS) requires their incorporation into a new conceptual framework after recognizing how peculiar are the characteristics of HCOs with respect to other organizations. Investigating the nature of knowledge, in general, and of medical knowledge, in particular, is essential to define which services the future HIS should provide to foster collaboration between patients and health professionals. The knowledge creation process is then described in order to emphasize its dynamic and social characteristics. The potential of workflow technology for building innovative HISs is analyzed together with several basic research issues which are very challenging for researchers in the field. Result: A framework for augmenting the conceptual analysis of theories, methods, tools and effects of knowledge management in building high performance HCOs.
45
Zolin, Igor Е., Alexander A. Iudin, Dmitriy I. Iudin e Alexander I. Iudin. "Attitude of medical students to the study of physical and mathematical disciplines". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology 15, n. 2 (2022): 172–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2022.205.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using materials from a sociological study, this article explores features of the training of medical students in physical and mathematical disciplines. The issues are considered in the space of the intersection of several areas of sociological knowledge (problems of digital society and digital economy, professional education, sociology of healthcare). In the course of the study, assumptions were made that the nature and activity of cognitive activity of medical students in the study of physical and mathematical disciplines are mainly due to three factors: first, the level of general education received, which affects a person’s ability to analyze and generalize; second, interests in physics and mathematics, based on the idea of the necessity of elements of physical and mathematical knowledge for a modern doctor; third, individual educational trajectories. As a result of this research, a typology of medical students’ orientations to the subject space of the physical and mathematical profile (physiology; diagnostics and physiotherapy; bioinformatics; photobiology and medical biophysics) is proposed, which is associated with the totality of those special courses that most interested them. Various orientations in the physical and mathematical field of students of different faculties (medical, pediatric, dental, pharmaceutical, preventive medicine) have been identified. It is shown that the interest of students of different faculties in special courses of the physics and mathematics cycle generally coincides with their professional interests. The most popular disciplines are the physical foundations of MRI and CT; laser radiation in medicine; the physical foundations of ultrasound methods; biophysics of pathological conditions; biophysics of organs and complex systems. Their choice is connected both with interest in new trends in medical science and with opportunistic considerations. The directions of increasing the interest of medical students in physical and mathematical knowledge are substantiated, which are directly dependent on their needs, motives, abilities, views and attitudes on the process of obtaining the profession of a doctor, as well as the faculty and the age of students.
46
Van Staalduinen, Dorine, Petra Van den Bekerom, Sandra Groeneveld, Arie Franx, Anne Stiggelbout e Elske Van den Akker-van Marle. "Differing professional perspectives on the integration of care in Integrated Practice Units: a mixed-methods study". International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28 dicembre 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23351.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: An important component of Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) is providing the full cycle of care for a specific medical condition in an Integrated Practice Unit (IPU). Although this requires employees from diverse professional backgrounds to interact, there is limited knowledge on how professionals perceive such interprofessional collaboration.
Research shows that organising the delivery of integrated care can be challenging, in part due to confusion between professional groups regarding interests, tasks and responsibilities. Also, perceptions of team membership, team effectiveness and high-quality collaboration may vary between disciplines. Based on the above, we aimed to provide insight into how different professionals perceive IPU composition and what factors influence the quality of interprofessional collaboration within IPUs.
Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted in two Dutch academic hospitals, in which a survey was followed by semi-structured interviews. Study design and development took place in close collaboration with employees from VBHC steering committees. The survey was administered to a wide range of professional groups (medical specialists, nurses, allied health professionals and administrative employees) working in IPUs. To measure team perception, participants were asked to indicate the size of their IPU and which professional groups were part of their team. The survey also captured relational dynamics of coordinating work (Relational Coordination, RC), by which interprofessional collaboration within and between professional groups was measured. Next, semi-structured interviews were conducted with different professionals to gain deeper understanding of the perceived team perception and interprofessional collaboration in their IPUs.
Results: Medical specialists and nurses were most frequently considered to be part of an IPU and indicated that they have high quality interactions. Allied health professionals were less often considered part of the IPU by all other professional groups and all report low quality interaction with allied health professionals. The extent to which a professional group is perceived as an IPU member depends on their level of 1) visibility, 2) involvement in the treatment and 3) shared interest. Differences in the quality of interactions in IPUs are influenced by 1) supportive or hindering organisational structures, 2) knowledge of each other’s expertise, and 3) way of communication.
Conclusions/implications for practice: The findings suggest that, in VBHC, there is a lack of common perception of an IPU’s composition and a failure to always achieve high quality interprofessional collaboration. The differing perceptions are likely to result in differences in the expectations of IPU members and their associated collaborative actions. Consequently, we emphasise the need for training programmes for IPU members in which the focus is on learning about and clarifying the expertise of the various IPU members and their role in the IPU, since this would likely improve interprofessional collaboration among IPU members. To enhance the impact of these training programmes they should be expanded with discussions between IPU members on collaboration preferences and needs. Finally, more research on the collaborative practices of IPU members would provide further guidance for IPU members and managers responsible for VBHC implementation on how to achieve effective VBHC delivery within an IPU environment.
47
Montagni, Ilaria, Emmanuel Langlois, Jason Koman, Margaux Petropoulos e Christophe Tzourio. "Avoidance and Delay of Medical Care in the Young". YOUNG 26, n. 5 (13 novembre 2017): 505–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308817734474.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Prompt and appropriate health-seeking behaviour among young people is a public health priority worldwide. However, data indicate that non-health-seeking behaviour is common among young adults who are particularly likely to avoid and delay medical care. Our study investigates this phenomenon through an interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented from university students from 11 higher education institutions in the city of Bordeaux, France, for a total of 16 individual interviews and a questionnaire survey of 126 students. Results show that main reasons for non-health-seeking behaviour among students are: time constraints, lack of information on available health services and economic problems. The transitional period of university studies is a further justification of students’ difficulty in managing their medical care. Providing a clear picture of avoidance and delay of medical care (ADMC) and attached reasons was intended to explore strategies for promoting health-seeking behaviour in university students.
48
Vorobeva, Anna, e Michail Yakushin. "Expert Evaluation of the Organizational Technology for Prolonging Doctors’ Professional Activity". City Healthcare 5, n. 2 (18 giugno 2024): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2024.v.5i2;33-44.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Healthcare professionals fall into the professions that significantly strengthen national economy. In order to avoid national economic losses, we should protect older healthcare professionals as a source of national workforce by developing and implementing a health-saving technology that prolongs their professional effective activity. Based on the previously conducted sociological survey of doctors providing medical care in the polyclinics of Moscow and Moscow Oblast, an assessment of the doctors’ professional competencies was carried out [1] and an organizational technology was formed [2] and then submitted to an expert evaluation. Objective. To expertly evaluate the importance of the activities that are included in the organizational technology prolonging the professional effective activity of older doctors. Materials and methods. The methods of sociological, statistical and expert evaluation were used for studying the experts’ opinions on the importance of each activity of organizational technology for prolonging the professional effective activity of healthcare professionals. Experts (n = 50) were asked to rank the activities according to the importance for achieving the result – support for the professional effective activity of doctors - in the case of the implementation of this organizational technology. The experts were specialists in the field of healthcare and public health: chief physicians, heads of departments of polyclinics in Moscow and Moscow Oblast, accredited in the specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission 03.02.03 "Public health, organization and sociology of healthcare, medical and social expertise" with leadership experience in healthcare from 1 to 29 years. The objectivity of experts’ judgment is based on their knowledge and expertise in healthcare and public health. Findings. The experts progressively evaluated the organizational technology, firstly by each stage and then as a whole. Thus, it was made a conclusion on the effectiveness of organizational technology preserving medical competencies and prolonging the professional effective activity of older doctors.
49
Amann, Julia, Effy Vayena, Kelly E. Ormond, Dietmar Frey, Vince I. Madai e Alessandro Blasimme. "Expectations and attitudes towards medical artificial intelligence: A qualitative study in the field of stroke". PLOS ONE 18, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2023): e0279088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform clinical decision-making as we know it. Powered by sophisticated machine learning algorithms, clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can generate unprecedented amounts of predictive information about individuals’ health. Yet, despite the potential of these systems to promote proactive decision-making and improve health outcomes, their utility and impact remain poorly understood due to their still rare application in clinical practice. Taking the example of AI-powered CDSS in stroke medicine as a case in point, this paper provides a nuanced account of stroke survivors’, family members’, and healthcare professionals’ expectations and attitudes towards medical AI. Methods We followed a qualitative research design informed by the sociology of expectations, which recognizes the generative role of individuals’ expectations in shaping scientific and technological change. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stroke survivors, family members, and healthcare professionals specialized in stroke based in Germany and Switzerland. Data was analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Results Based on the participants’ deliberations, we identified four presumed roles that medical AI could play in stroke medicine, including an administrative, assistive, advisory, and autonomous role AI. While most participants held positive attitudes towards medical AI and its potential to increase accuracy, speed, and efficiency in medical decision making, they also cautioned that it is not a stand-alone solution and may even lead to new problems. Participants particularly emphasized the importance of relational aspects and raised questions regarding the impact of AI on roles and responsibilities and patients’ rights to information and decision-making. These findings shed light on the potential impact of medical AI on professional identities, role perceptions, and the doctor-patient relationship. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for a more differentiated approach to identifying and tackling pertinent ethical and legal issues in the context of medical AI. We advocate for stakeholder and public involvement in the development of AI and AI governance to ensure that medical AI offers solutions to the most pressing challenges patients and clinicians face in clinical care.
50
Costa, Maria Lucia Alves de Sousa, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi e Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus. "Being a nurse after having been a nursing student-worker: an approach of social phenomenology". Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 21, n. 1 (marzo 2008): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002008000100003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVE: To understand the transition from being a nurse after having been a nursing student-worker in the face-to-face relationship with other nurses from conventional graduation. METHODS: This is a study using qualitative approach founded on the Phenomenological Sociology proposed by Alfred Schutz. Fifteen interviews were carried out, of which eight were performed with nursing student-workers, and seven with nurses who underwent conventional graduation and held supervision or leader positions in nursing units. The reports were analyzed according to this theoretical-methodological framework. RESULTS: Being a nurse after having been a nursing student-worker in a world with other nurses means experiencing a transformation in not only one's everyday routines, but also one's inner being, behavior, and social relationship. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for educational organizations and hospital institutions to invest in continuous education with a view to look carefully at nursing student-workers who are studying to become a nurse.