Tesi sul tema "Sociologie Interactioniste"
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1
Hulcelle, Marc. "Automatic analysis of trust over the course of a human-robot interaction using multimodal features and recurrent neural architectures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT043.
Abstract (sommario):
La confiance est une notion importante en interaction homme-robot puisqu'elle impacte la qua-lite des relations entre les partenaires d'interaction et ainsi les performances de la tâche en cours. Les recherches autour de la confiance se sont essentiellement circonscrites autour des analyses des effets socio-psychologiques sur l'utilisateur du design du robot, ou de son comportement. Les mesures de la confiance se font généralement au début et fin de l'interaction par des questionnaires remplis par les utilisateurs eux-mêmes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à une analyse de la dynamique de la confiance conduite régulièrement tout au long de l'interaction. Comme les approches usuelles de Psychologie dites mentalistes ne nous permettent pas de faire ceci, nous faisons appel aux théories de la Sociologie Interactioniste afin d'établir un schéma de codage TURIN (Trust in hUman Robot INteraction) dédié à cela. Ensuite, nous utilisons des outils de Machine Learning afin de développer des modèles d'analyse automatique de la confiance. Nous proposons une nouvelle méthodologie permettant de conduire l'analyse au cours de l'interaction, en s'appuyant sur des approches simples dans un premier temps, puis sur une nouvelle architecture neuronale récurrente dans un deuxième temps. Nous analysons ensuite nos modèles afin de déterminer les indices comportementaux les plus pertinents et comprendre les types d'erreur que ceux-ci commettentTrust is an important psychological construct in HRI as it mitagates the relationship qualities between partners of an interaction, as well as the performance of the interaction's task. Research on trust were essentially organized around the study of socio-psychological effects of the robot's design and behavior on users. Trust is usually measured through questionnaires filled by users themselves at the beginning and end of the interaction. In this thesis, we tackle the issue of automatic analysis of trust dynamics during the course of interaction. The standard Psychological approaches used in HRI to study, coming from a mentalist perspective, do not currently allow such analysis. We thus leverage Interactionist Sociology theories to create a coding scheme named TURIN (Trust in hUman Robot INteraction) dedicated to this task. From there, we use Machine Learning tools to develop multimodal models of trust. We propose a new methodology that allows to conduct the analysis over the course of the interaction, first through simple models, then by the design of a specific recurrent neural architecture. We finish by an analysis of ours models to determine which behaviors are the most indicative of trust and understand the types of errors thatthey make
2
Simpson, Jessica Nashia. "Toward a Sociology of Autism". TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3072.
Abstract (sommario):
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. Recent studies within the social sciences have espoused a need to reconceptualize autism out of the domain of the intrapersonal and into the realm of the sociocultural. Semi-structured in-depth interviewing was used to examine the selfperceptions and experiences of twelve people who identified as on the autism spectrum. Social scientists have tended to grant the topic of autism to the domain of psychology; as a result autistic perception has been stigmatized resulting in the exclusion of autistic perspectives in knowledge production on the lived experiences of autistic actors.
The first-hand accounts examined in this study lend support to the idea that symbolic interactionism provides a more nuanced framework for studying how autistic perception influences autistic experience in contrast to the functionalist-reductionist approach of cognitive psychology. From this perspective we can position autistic differences in disposition and interaction as socioculturally situated rather than as solely a result of individual cognitive impairment. The application of microsociological concepts to autistic perception and interaction has the potential to expand knowledge on both autistic experience and the social construction of normative order.
3
Yan, Ming. "The improvement of organizational socialization in groups : an interactionist perspective of social identity theory". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1259.
4
Buikema, Ronald J. "Anatomy of Corporate Decline| A Symbolic Interactionism Approach to the Manager's Observations, Understanding and Response". Thesis, University of Maryland University College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3602433.
Abstract (sommario):
The onset or inception of organizational decline has been largely bypassed in management research over the past two decades, even though understanding this fundamental typology is key to mitigating organizational failure, while also providing important insight regarding how managers respond to phenomena that they may neither expect or understand. Understanding how managers observe, decide, and act in times of uncertainty, and how organizational culture and other factors may shape that environment, are important for scholars and practitioners alike to understand. This dissertation argues that corporate decline has largely been misunderstood from the perspective of onset or initiation; that the manager's decision-making process in times of decline must be considered in relation to the actual causes and factors associated with decline, and that the fundamental definition of organizational decline must be revised in light of advances in our understanding in management over the past three decades. This qualitative empirical descriptive study reviews literature regarding organizational decline with emphasis on the onset of decline, presents an equation for understanding a firm's propensity for decline, provides a revised definition of organizational decline, and examines the decision-making process of management when faced with decline based on symbolic interactionism theory.
5
Lindgren, Derbas Amanda. "Vardagens övergrepp : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om upplevelser av vardagsrasism". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68678.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to study experiences of everyday racism in individuals with overseas cultural backgrounds from outside situations. The study was made with five qualitative interviews. Theories that’s been used are about everyday racism, stereotypes, symbolic interactionism and Cooleys looking glass self. The result show that all the respondents have experienced everyday racism in a variety of situations in different places/environments. They have described situations where they have been ignored/excluded, stereotyped, exposed of grossly words and prejudices about their personality. Symbolic interactionism can explain everyday racism based on how the situations are defined, how situations change, which affects the interaction depending on how specific strong symbols are understood; like skin tone and a person looks.Syftet med studien är att studera upplevelser av vardagsrasism hos individer med utomeuropeiska kulturella bakgrunder. Teori som använts är hur vardagsrasism kan förstås, stereotyper, symbolisk interaktionism gällande fem hörnstenar och Cooleys spegeljag. Det har gjorts fem kvalitativa intervjustudier där det framkommer att vardagsrasism sker på de flesta samhällsområdena i vardagslivet med undantag för fredade zoner som förorter. I intervjuerna framkom det att vardagsrasismen uttrycks genom exkludering, stereotypifiering, grova glåpord som till exempel blatte och svartskalle, fördomar om ens personlighet och att göras annorlunda/olik andra. Med symbolisk interaktionism kan vardagsrasismen förstås med hur situationer är föränderliga som påverkar interaktionen vilket beror på särskilda symboler; som hudfärg och utseende.
6
Kurti, Liridona, e Annie Bengtsson. "SFI-Individanpassad? : En kvalitativ studie över elever som kombinerar SFI och arbete". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77831.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Title: SFI- individualized? A qualitative study on students who combine SFI with work. A report published by the Government regarding the individualization of the education of Swedish For Immigrants (SFI) has shown that the individualization of SFI studies is essential for students who combine their studies with work. The report also arises a problem, namely that there are largely SFI students working in parallel with their studies that choose to cancel their SFI studies. This became the starting point for our study. What is requested in the SOU report is individual adaptation to a greater extent, especially when the working SFI students are able to complete the education. With our study we aim to understand how these working students experience individualization and the ability to combine work and study effectively, the starting point being that individualization is necessary for students. To gather empirical material for our study we have done a qualitative research including 14 interviews with SFI students who combine their studies with work. After gathering our empirical material from our interviews, we then presented the results and analyzed them with the help of our theories. The theories used in this study are Herbert Blumer's “symbolic interactionism” and Magnus Persson’s “educational resources”. Based on the study results it appears from several students that most SFI students feel that individualization is needed, but that it is currently inadequate and perceived as problematic by the students. The lack of individualization is made visible in everyday teaching, where the experiences and the consequences of it mean the following; Through the study we have found that in the SFI classes there are major differences among students' knowledge in the Swedish language and their conditions for learning. Nevertheless, these students are put in the same class and have the same school information to solve, which indicates that an individualization of the studies is missing. We have also come to understand that SFI students family situation has a major influence on how they choose to conduct their SFI studies. However, what influences students more in how they feel that the studies are individualized to their needs, are the SFI students earlier educational resources which becomes an important part in this study.
7
Wikman, Hannes. "Sociala medier, ”likes” och klassrummet –en sociologisk studie om samhällskunskapslärares förhållningssätt i yrkesrollen". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-90173.
Abstract (sommario):
Social media continue to expand in society, both globally as well as locally, while affecting adolescents’ mental health, news consumption and academic performances. This development leaves comprehensive challenges in the classroom. The curricula of the social science subjects in Sweden advocate critical thinking skills and the understanding of digitalization for contemporary society. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate how teachers in social studies perceive social media in their profession, with the intentions of gaining insight into how teachers cope with its impact on the classroom. This study is conducted through a qualitative method based on interviews with three different teachers in social studies, spread across both Swedish high school and Swedish upper secondary school level. The symbolic interactionism and MIK (Media and Information Literacy) are integral theories in facilitating the study’s analytical dimensions. The findings indicate that social media cultivate identities, social acknowledgement and further causes stress among adolescents. Socially constructed norms and expectations on social media dominate students’ ways of living. Despite prevailing phone bans during class hours, social media still influence the classroom climate and conflicts between students, making it difficult for teachers to manage. Additionally, the need for imparting source evaluation is vital since fake news spreads rapidly across the different social platforms.
8
Österdahl, Tina, e Sanna Danielsson. "Kritik, vad innebär det? : En studie som kartlägger kvinnors upplevelser av kritik på arbetsplatsen". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15891.
Abstract (sommario):
Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur kvinnor på kvinnodominerade arbetsplatser upplever kritik. Studien kommer att vara en fältstudie vari man granskar kvinnor som är verksamma inom förskolan, då tidigare forskning visat på en klar majoritet av kvinnor inom denna yrkeskår. Avsikten med studien är inte att uppnå någon objektiv sanning av verkligheten, dock avser denna studie tolka eventuella fenomen som rör ämnet, samt skapa en förståelse för individens syn på begreppet. Informanterna har valts ut strategiskt, vidare präglas informanternas deltagande av självselektion. Man kommer inte att ta hänsyn till andra variabler än kön vad gäller urvalet. Teorier som studien vilar på är den symboliska interaktionismen där bland annat dess syn på rationalitet behandlas. Vidare tas Johan Asplunds teori om social responsivitet i beaktning och avslutningsvis Erving Goffmans teori om identitetsskapande. De slutsatser som kan dras i och med denna studie är att relationerna mellan individerna i en grupp verkar ha stor betydelse för hur man upplever kritik. För att undvika missförstånd kring det valda ämnet verkar allmän mening råda att "definitionen av situationen" är något man bör ta i beaktande, detta då kritik till en början upplevs som någonting negativt.The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how women in female dominated workplaces are experiencing criticism. The study will be a field study which is examining women who are active in preschool, when previous research has demonstrated a clear majority of women in this profession. The intention of this study is not to create any objective truth of reality, however, relate this study to interpret and describe any phenomena related to the topic, and create an understanding of the individual's perception of the concept. The informants were chosen strategically, further characterized the informants' participation of self-selection. It will not take into account, variables other than gender in terms of selection. Theories that the study rests on is the symbolic interactionism, which, among other things, its view of rationality is treated. Furthermore the theory of Johan Asplund, social responsivity, is taken into consideration and, finally, Erving Goffman's theory of identity formation. The conclusions to be drawn, in and of this study is that the relations between individuals in a group seems to have a major impact on how people perceive criticism. To avoid misunderstandings about the chosen topic appears public opinion, advise that the "definition of the situation" is something you should take into consideration, so where the spontaneous reaction of criticism is negative.
9
Wilson, Rasmus. "The Discursive construction of elderly´s needs -A critical discourse analysis of political discussions in Sweden". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75488.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis explores the political discourse´s portrayal of elderly needs in Sweden, as well as discourses the lived effects on the elderly population. The study is guided by the following research questions 1) What is the current political discourses construction of elderly´s needs? And 2) How could this discourse affect the elderly population? To fulfil the purpose and answer the research questions the study utilizes a critical discourse analysis. The study also employs a wide theoretical foundation with central concepts deriving both from a general sociological tradition, such as symbolic interactionism. As well as more specialized gerontological theories, such as ageism and structured dependency. By using a thematic analysis as well as a synthesising analysis the study provided both an in-depth and collected depiction of the discourse on elderly needs as well as its lived effects. The analysis found four thematics of interest, a) Emotional needs b) elderly´s need of others c) organizational needs and d) basic amenities. All of which were characterized by a dystopian and ageist portrayal of old age. Seemingly based on ageist stereotypes rather than the characteristics of the actual demographic. Similarly, the overall narrative showed that elderly where portrayed as a homogenized collective of others. The narrative also depicted elderly as a very simple, dependant and burdensome demographic. The lived effects were varied under the thematic analysis, these could be characterized under two overarching trends. Firstly, the risk that elderly embrace the dystopian role depicted in the discourse. Secondly the discourses skewed portrayal of elderly can lead to less effective and potentially destructive policies and resource allocation.
10
Cooper, Sarah Katherine. "Breaking the Crass Ceiling? Exploring Narratives, Performances, and Audience Reception of Women's Stand-Up Comedy". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7613.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite the long history of stand-up comedy as a distinct form of popular entertainment, there has been little sociological attention given to its cultural significance. Comedians have arguably become legitimate and visible voices in many public conversations about social issues and social justice. This dissertation explores the cultural work of women’s comedy in popular culture. Specifically, I examine narrative representation and audience reception of women’s stand-up comedy through multi-method qualitative inquiry.
First, I analyze stand-up performances by popular U.S. comedians Amy Schumer, Wanda Sykes, and Margaret Cho. Through narrative analysis, I focus on the ironic performativity of Schumer and the charged styles of Sykes and Cho, and I discuss how these women use humor (in different but overlapping ways) to challenge dominant cultural narratives pertaining to gender, race, and sexuality. Second, I conduct an audience reception analysis using focus groups in order to better understand how people consume and interpret stand-up comedy. Due to the polysemic nature of comedy and satire, audiences decode these texts in a myriad of ways. My analysis shows how different audiences perceive the comedian as unpacking social “truths” in comedy. I elaborate these audience decoding positions, discuss the layers of interpretation (i.e., intersectional positionality and interpretive frameworks), and discuss how participants negotiate symbolic boundaries around what is deemed funny or topically appropriate for comics to say. My findings further highlight the importance of identity in critical referential viewing by incorporating standpoint epistemologies. In particular, audience members of marginalized social groups experience a “bifurcated consciousness” (Smith 1974) in their interpretations compared to those from dominant identity groups, and women and minority audience members are more likely to interpret these performances as counterhegemonic texts.
11
Picková, Iva. "Transformation of identities in international educational milieu of university in Sweden". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83459.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on the transformation of identities of international master students attending Örebro University along with their perception of how this experience will affect their future. A qualitative content analysis of 10 semi-structured interviews was employed to explore the topic and answer the research questions. The thesis is guided by the theoretical background that stands on the synthesis of Jenkins’ perception of identity and the identity theory, supplemented by the understanding of international students as ‘student travellers’. The analysis of respondents’ narratives revealed that all aspects of their identity were affected. International students, throughout their stay abroad, live in a certain bubble as they distance themselves from the society on one hand and identify with the international students’ group on the other, affecting their social identity. However, before a new identity is formed and while the old one is being changed, the students experience a state of limbo during which uncertainty of roles emerges. Their person identity is influenced as well due to the international experience providing an opportunity to consciously alter some aspects of personality and, furthermore, to promote their independence, open-mindedness, and awareness of other cultures. Additionally, through contact with these other cultures, the international student develops into a person of two minds – international and of the country of their origin. In regards to the students’ perception of the future, the desire to stay international, to travel and live abroad is essential in creating something of a nomad life. Moreover, the respondents considered the international experience to have a positive impact on their career through an advantageous position over others along with the acquisition of an international network.
12
Bonaldi, Eduardo Vilar. "Tentando chegar lá: as experiências sociais de jovens em um cursinho popular de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-09052016-105247/.
Abstract (sommario):
Esta pesquisa visa reconstituir as dinâmicas de acesso ao Ensino Superior de jovens de frações relativamente privilegiadas das camadas populares, ingressantes em um cursinho popular localizado na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo. Em primeiro lugar, o estudo busca delinear e compreender a gênese social tanto das aspirações de ingresso no Ensino Superior quanto das dificuldades e barreiras subjetivamente experienciadas por esses jovens ao longo de suas tentativas de acesso ao sistema universitário. Além de evidenciar quais condicionamentos e modulações específicas dos processos de socialização e de escolarização, a que esses jovens foram submetidos, podem enraizar trajetórias bem sucedidas de acesso ao nível universitário, o estudo busca, igualmente, demonstrar como as diferentes redes de relações em que esses jovens encontram-se inseridos podem se refletir em diferentes estilizações de seus modos de experimentação da condição juvenil. Por fim, a natureza eminentemente política da iniciativa também conduziu o estudo à investigação dos modos como afinidades ou dissonâncias entre as origens e trajetórias dos professores e alunos do cursinho estruturam as dinâmicas interacionais a partir das quais pode ocorrer a transmissão das visões políticas de mundo e dos destinos universitários e ocupacionais que esses professores buscam projetar sobre seus alunos.This work aims to reconstruct the educational and social trajectories of underprivileged students in their attempts to access Higher Education by attending a free-tuition prep course, located in the north of the city of Sao Paulo. First, the study seeks to delineate and understand the social genesis of both the aspirations towards Higher Education and the difficulties and barriers subjectively experienced by these students. Besides evidencing the specific conditions that might pave the way of these students towards what they acknowledge as successful paths, the study also seeks to demonstrate how the different peer groups in which they are engaged can be reflected in their different ways of experiencing their transitions to adulthood. Finally, the thick political atmosphere that characterizes the initiative has also conducted the study to investigate how affinities or dissonance between the origins and trajectories of the students, on one side, and the teacher of this prep course, on the other structure the interactional dynamics from which the transmission of political dispositions, as well as the inclinations towards determined career paths (in both the university system and the job market), can be observed.
13
Johansson, Sundel Nathalie, e Emmy Örtlund. "Att etablera och integrera i Sverige : En studie utifrån nyanländas perspektiv". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68577.
Abstract (sommario):
Utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv är Sverige ett land som människor från olika delar av världen invandrat till. Framförallt under 1900-talet ökade invandringen till Sverige, inte minst under 1960-1970 talet där vi kan urskilja en kraftig ökning av arbetsinvandring. Under denna tidsperiod hade utrikes födda personer högre sysselsättningsgrad än infödda. Idag har utrikes födda en lägre sysselsättningsgrad än personer som är födda i Sverige (Björkman 2003). Vidare är invandring och integration enligt väljarna den viktigaste frågan inför valet 2018. Stor grupp av människor som flytt från krigsdrabbade Syrien och det politiskt instabila Eritrea och Somalia har till följd gjort att frågan är mer aktuell än någonsin. Bara under 2016 sökte 160 000 personer asyl till Sverige. I samband med detta växer högerpopulistiska röster runt om Europa, däribland i Sverige (Turesson 2017). Regeringens insatser för nyanländas etableringsprocess skall enligt etableringsreformen bestå av en personlig plan för att uppnå ett konkret mål - ett arbete. Det som är sociologiskt intressant i denna etableringsprocess enligt oss är att undersöka nyanländas egna upplevelser, både vad gäller deras möjligheter till ett arbete men också sociala dimensioner som har betydelse för deras etablering och integrering. Omgivningen är av stor betydelse för att de nyanlända skall få ett arbete och för att de skall trivas i det nya landet Sverige. Tyvärr är det många som invandrat till Sverige som blir deprimerade och får en försämrad hälsa då de känner sig utanför, ensamma och upplever att det saknar inflytande. Både vad gäller deras egen situation men också i samhället (Hadziabdic & Sandström, 2006). Idag tar det upp till tre gånger så lång tid att få ett arbete och att försörja sig än vad det gjorde under slutet på 1900-talet. Hela 60 procent av de män som invandrat till Sverige under 1980-talet hade ett arbete efter två till tre år, medan det tog upp till fem år för kvinnor under samma tidsperiod. Idag tar det upp till nio år för män och upp till tolv år för kvinnor, trots allt flera av dem som fått uppehållstillstånd i Sverige både har utbildning och arbetslivserfarenhet inom bristyrken (Lucas 2018), Etablering- och integreringsproblematiken är ett erkänt problem idag och ligger som tidigare nämnts högt upp på den politiska agendan inför valet 2018. Men vad känner de personer som kommer till Sverige? Vilka svårigheter och utmaningar är det som de nyanlända möts av egentligen? Trots att det är ett högaktuellt ämne i den politiska debatten saknas de nyanländas perspektiv.From a historical perspective, Sweden is a country that people from different parts of the world immigrated to. Especially during the 20th century immigration increased to Sweden, especially during the 1960s and 1970s, where we can distinguish a sharp increase in labor immigration. During this period, foreign-born persons had higher employment rates than native speakers. Today, foreigners have a lower employment rate than people born in Sweden (Björkman 2003). Furthermore, immigration and integration according to voters is the most important issue for the 2018 election. A large group of people moving from war-hit Syria and politically unstable Eritrea and Somalia has consequently made the issue more current than ever. Only in 2016 160,000 sought asylum for Sweden. In this context, right-wing populations around Europe, including Sweden (Turesson 2017), grow. According to the establishment reform, the Government's efforts for the neighbors' establishment process must consist of a personal plan for achieving a concrete goal - a work. What is sociologically interesting in this process of establishment, according to us, is to explore newly arrived's own experiences, both in terms of their opportunities for work, but also social dimensions that are important for their establishment and integration. The environment is of great importance for the newly arrived's to get a job and to enjoy themselves in the new country of Sweden. Unfortunately, many people who immigrated to Sweden are being depressed and have a reduced health when they feel outside, lonely and experience that it has no influence. Both regarding their own situation but also in society (Hadziabdic & Sandström, 2006). Today, it takes up to three times as much time to get a job and to take care of what it did at the end of the 20th century. Around 60 percent of the men who immigrated to Sweden in the 1980s had a job after two to three years, while it took up to five years for women in the same period. Today, it takes up to nine years for men and up to twelve years for women, despite all of those who have obtained a residence permit in Sweden, both have education and work experience in the bristle industry (Lucas 2018). The establishment and integration issues are a recognized problem today and, as mentioned earlier, are high on the policy agenda for the 2018 election. But what do the people who come to Sweden feel? What difficulties and challenges is what the new arrivals face by? Although it is a high topic in the political debate, the perspectives of the newly arrived are lacking.
14
Jurkane-Hobein, Iveta. "I Imagine You Here Now : Relationship Maintenance Strategies in Long-Distance Intimate Relationships". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242949.
Abstract (sommario):
Today, individuals can relatively easily meet and communicate with each other over great distances due to increased mobility and advances in communication technology. This also allows intimate relationships to be maintained over large geographical distances. Despite these developments, long-distance relationships (LDRs), i.e. intimate relationships maintained over geographical distance, remain understudied. The present thesis aims to fill this knowledge gap and investigates how intimate partners who live so far away from each other that they cannot meet every day make their relationship ongoing beyond face-to-face interaction. Theoretically, this study departs from a symbolic interactionist viewpoint that invites us to study phenomena from the actor’s perspective. Conceptually, the thesis builds on the recent development in sociology of intimate lives that sees intimacy as a relational quality that has to be worked on to be sustained, and that focuses on the practices that make a relationship a relationship. Empirically, the thesis is based upon 19 in-depth interviews with individuals from Latvia with long-distance relationship experience. The thesis consists of four articles. Article I studies the context in which LDRs in Latvia are maintained, focusing on the normative constraints that complicate LDR maintenance. Article II analyses how intimacy is practiced over geographical distance. Article III examines how long-distance partners manage the experience of the time they are together and the time they are geographically apart. Article IV explores the aspect of idealization in LDRs. Overall, the thesis argues for the critical role of imagination in relationship maintenance. The relationship maintenance strategies identified within the articles are imagination-based mediated communication (creating sensual/embodied intimacy, emotional intimacy, daily intimacy and imagined individual intimacy); time-work strategies that enable long-distance partners to deal with the spatiotemporal borders of the time together and the time apart; and creating bi-directional idealization. The thesis is also one of the few works in the field of intimate lives in Eastern Europe and analyses the normative complications that long-distance partners face in their relationship maintenance in Latvia.
15
López, Ruano Evaristo. "Espai, treball i relacions socials en un grup de treballadors metal•lúrgics de torn especial. Interacció simbòlica en marcs marginals". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84155.
Abstract (sommario):
La investigació té com a escenari els tallers de l'empresa de Manlleu (Barcelona) en què vaig treballar durant més d'una dècada. És un centre de treball d'una empresa multinacional amb un epicentre situat a Barcelona, però amb seu central als Estats Units. El tema central de la tesi són les relacions humanes que es produeixen dins d'una fàbrica de cables, en particular en espais considerats, d'entrada, com secundaris o marginals, com els vestidors o l'espai que se situa al voltant de màquines expenedores de cafè o begudes, allà on es produeixen les micro-activitats que són els fonaments de la construcció de la realitat social quotidiana. La perspectiva que adopta aquest estudi, per tant, és la pròpia de la tradició microsociològica de la qual Erving Goffman seria l'autor més significatiu i conegut. Els objectius del treball realitzat són deliberadament modestos. Es parla d'obrers, de l'empresa on treballen, l'espai de la fàbrica on desenvolupen la seva activitat i de l'organització de la qual formen part. Això implica que la realitat que es descriu i analitza és la pròpia d'allò que encara convindria cridar la classe obrera, de les dinàmiques consubstancials a una estructura productiva i d'un organigrama empresarial dedicat a la indústria metal•lúrgica.Space, work and social relationships in a group of metalworkers’ special shift. Symbolic interaction in marginal frameworks. The research is staged in the workshops of a company in Manlleu (Barcelona) where I worked for over a decade. It is a workplace of a multinational company with an epicentre located in Barcelona, but with headquarters in the United States. The central themes of the thesis are the human relationships that occur within a cable factory, particularly in areas considered, in principle, as secondary or marginal, as the locker room or the space that is around coffee or drink machines, where occurs those micro-activities that are the foundations of the social construction of everyday reality. The approach adopted by this study, therefore, is typical of the traditional microsociology which Erving Goffman would be the most significant and known author. The objectives of the work are deliberately modest. It talks about workers, the company where they work, the factory space where they operate and the organization of which they are part. This implies that the reality here described and analyzed is the one about the "working class", the consubstantial dynamics to a production structure and a business organization dedicated to the metallurgical industry.
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Wipf, Élodie. "Action publique concertée et gestion des sports de nature : une ethnographie participative au Conseil général du Bas-Rhin". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG009/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Nés de l’article 52 de la Loi sur le sport modifiée en 2000, la Commission Départementale des Espaces, Sites et Itinéraires relatifs aux sports de nature (CDESI) et le Plan Départemental des Espaces Sites et Itinéraires relatifs aux sports de nature (PDESI) sont des outils de concertation territoriale dédiés à la gestion publique des sports de nature au niveau départemental. Un enjeu de ce travail tient à l’appréhension des transformations de l’action publique en s’attachant à l’étude des dispositifs de concertation sur les sports de nature. Un deuxième enjeu de ce travail s’attache à mettre en évidence les effets de la concertation en analysant les interactions et les différents modes d’engagements des acteurs au cours de la « chose publique en train de se faire » (Cefaï, 2002). Les acteurs s’engagent non seulement dans la concertation comprise comme une activité sociale faite d’interactions, mais ils s’engagent également dans la concertation en tant que processus d’action publique. Aussi, un autre enjeu de ce travail est d’appréhender les effets de la concertation par une analyse processuelle des engagements (Fillieule, 2004) des acteurs et des organisations. En mobilisant les outils conceptuels de la sociologie interactionniste, de la sociologie pragmatique, ainsi que de la sociologie structuraliste, l’analyse des situations interactionnelles a notamment permis d’identifier les procédures de cadrage et les techniques dramaturgiques mises en œuvre par les interactants, ainsi que les répertoires argumentatifs mobilisés par ces acteurs pendant l « ’épreuve » de la concertationTerritorialization of public action created new tools of public. Born of article 52 of the Law on sport modified in 2000, the Departmental committee for Spaces, Sites and Routes relative to natural sports (CDESI) and the Departmental Plan of Spaces Sites and Routes relative to natural sports ( PDESI) are governance tools dedicated to the public management of outdoor sports for counties. A challenge of this work is to understand the changes of public policy by focusing on the study of mechanisms for consultation on outdoor sports. A second item of this work is to highlight the effects of cooperation by focusing on the analysis of interactions and actor’s commitments during the "public thing in the making" (Cefaï, 2002). Actors commit themselves not only in the dialogue included as a social activity made by interactions, but they also take part to the dialogue included as a process of public action. Also, another issue of this work is to understand the effects of consultation by a processual approach of individual commitments (Fillieule,2004) of actors and organizations. Using the conceptual tools of symbolic interactionism, pragmatic sociology, and structuralist sociology, the analysis of interactional situations has highlighted the framing work and procedures implemented by the interactants, as well as the dramaturgical techniques and argumentative directories which, they mobilize during the "test" of the consultation. Confrontation of viewpoints and justifications of interactants’ positions can evolve from their initial configuration sets, even if for some of them these changes are sometimes ephemeral
17
Robert, Rémi. "Par l’entremise d’une pratique réflexive, de quelle manière le professeur et l’étudiant inscrit en TREMPLIN DEC peuvent-ils utiliser les TIC de façon éthiquement responsable pour renouveler et améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie au collégial?" Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11845.
Abstract (sommario):
Le début des années 2000 marque l’émergence des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et du web 2.0 dans le réseau collégial québécois. Dans la foulée de ce progrès technologique, la présence des TIC a modifié la manière d’apprendre le savoir disciplinaire de l’étudiant, tout en permettant au professeur de repenser sa pédagogie dans le but de la rendre plus interactive. Au départ, la miniaturisation des appareils a été une source d’émulation pour les innovateurs, mais aussi de crainte pour les tenants d’un enseignement traditionnel. Encore aujourd’hui, cette dualité repose sur des convictions professionnelles divergentes à l’égard de ce que devrait être l’enseignement de la philosophie.
Cette thèse a pour objectif de démontrer qu’en développant leur sentiment de compétence respectif, le professeur et l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC doivent faire un usage éthiquement responsable des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie au collégial et renouveler du même coup l’apprentissage disciplinaire. À terme, la valorisation de la techno pédagogie permettrait de responsabiliser davantage l’étudiant à l’égard de ses apprentissages et le rendrait plus autonome. En plus d’améliorer les taux de réussite, comme en témoigne notre cueillette de données, la techno pédagogie permettrait au professeur de développer une pédagogie de l’accompagnement mieux ciblée à l’égard des besoins particuliers de l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC.
Pour parvenir à cette fin, notre thèse est divisée en quatre parties et elle se base sur une approche interdisciplinaire. La première partie porte sur la sociologie de la communication. Nous expliquerons la manière dont les TIC modifient la nature du lien social et la dynamique des interactions entre les usagers. Pour les uns la technologie permettrait une communication plus efficace, mais pour les autres elle encouragerait le durcissement des rapports humains de sorte que prioriser l’efficacité de la communication menacerait la qualité et la pérennité des relations interpersonnelles. Quant à elle, la seconde partie porte sur l’éducation et l’importance pour l’étudiant et le professeur de développer une pratique réflexive conjointe à l’égard de l’apprentissage et de la transmission du savoir disciplinaire. En dépit des difficultés auxquelles l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC et le techno pédagogue sont confrontés, ces derniers doivent acquérir une série de compétences communes sans lesquelles l’usage des TIC en classe risquerait d’être futile. Du coup, la nature de la relation pédagogique doit être réévaluée pour maximiser l’innovation techno pédagogique. La troisième partie porte sur l’éthique et l’usage responsable des technologies en situation d’apprentissage. En effet, l’utilisation des TIC par le professeur et l’étudiant doit être une responsabilité partagée et reposer sur des valeurs communes de solidarité et de complémentarité. Ce sont ces deux valeurs qui permettraient d’adapter l’encadrement pédagogique du professeur afin de pouvoir répondre aux besoins spécifiques de l’étudiant. De plus, l’implantation d’une communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle optimiserait l’engagement du professeur et la participation de l’étudiant dans sa réussite académique. Finalement, nous proposerons une série de recommandations visant à améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie. Celles-ci ont pour but d’inculquer une culture du changement qui, selon nous, serait à la fois profitable pour l’ensemble du réseau collégial et constructive pour le développement de stratégies numériques en philosophie.Abstract : The turn of the century brought with it an emergence of information and communications technologies (ICT) and web 2.0 to the Quebec junior college network. In the wake of this technological progress, the presence of ICT changed (transformed) the way students learned about discipline-related content while allowing the teachers to redefine their pedagogical methods that would make courses more interactive. At the outset, the miniaturisation of these tools was a source of emulation for the developers as well as a cause of concern for the tenants of traditional teaching methods. Even today, this duality has led to diverging professional convictions with regards to how we should teach philosophy. The goal of this thesis is to show that in developing a feeling of mutual competency, students and teachers of the Springboard to a DCS pathway must engage in an ethically responsible usage of information and communications technologies. This will improve teaching methods of philosophy, which will lead to renewed discipline-related learning. Over time, the validation of electronic pedagogy (e-pedagogy) will allow students to cultivate a sense of responsibility with regards to their learning and make them more autonomous. In addition to increasing the passing rate, as shown by our data, e-pedagogy permits the teacher to develop a more targeted approach to accompany the particular needs of students in the Springboard to a DCS pathway. Our thesis is broken into four parts and is based on an interdisciplinary approach. The first part deals with the sociology of communication. We will explain how ICT have changed the nature of socialization and the dynamics of user interactions. For some, technological tools allow for a more efficient communication, whereas others feel that these tools encourage a breakdown of human relationships because in prioritizing communication efficiency, we risk harming the quality and longevity of interpersonal relationships. The second part focuses on education and the importance for students and teachers to develop a shared reflective practice with regards to learning and transmitting discipline-related content. Despite the difficulties faced by students in the Springboard to DSC pathway and their instructor, all of the actors must acquire a series of common competencies, without which the use of ICT would be futile. That means that the nature of the pedagogical relationship must be re-evaluated to allow to increased e-pedagogy innovation. The third part deals with ethically responsible usage of ICT in learning situations. Indeed, in using ICT, instructors and students must assure a shared responsibility and consider common values of solidarity and complementarity. These two values are necessary for teachers to be able to adapt academic supervision in order to answer specific student needs. Furthermore, a professional learning community would optimize teacher commitment thereby increasing a student’s efforts in his or her academic success. Finally, we will propose a series of recommendations to improve the teaching of philosophy. The purpose is to bring about a culture of change which, in our opinion, would be beneficial for the entire college network and constructive for the development of e-pedagogical strategies in philosophy.
18
Haase, Kristen. "The Effects of Specialized Vocabulary on Learning and Understanding New Concepts". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525279762216062.
19
Carlson, Shelby C. "Poaching as a Sociological Phenomenon: Constructed Crossroads and Conflicts among the People and Pachyderms of Sub-Saharan Africa". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou15244796931581.
20
Salas, Añez Alejandra. "Pratiche Quotidiane di Sostenibilità: Rappresentazioni della Cultura Organizzativa di una Banca Sociale". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422812.
Abstract (sommario):
Title: Quotidian Sustainability Practices: Representations of the Organisational Culture of a Social Bank
The present research offers a qualitative approach for the study of the culture of sustainability in the organization. The work was developed under the epistemological perspective of symbolic interactionism, specifically Blumer, taking into account his approach to sensitizing concepts, that is, concepts constructed from research in the field and representing an intermediate position between the description of experience and the abstract theory. In this regard, the approach to the interactions of employees in the field of work in a Social Bank was proposed, in order to comprehend the construction meaning of sustainability in the organizational context. The ethnographic method was used, remaining a period of six months in the organization. Different strategies were used for data collection: participant observation, 69 semi-structured interviews, and document review. From the analysis, significant data were found: that the bank, having a constitutional basis as a cooperative society, practices a sustainability based on caring for the relationships that the bank establishes through its activities, whether with the environment, the people or with the community. The practices are based on ethical values with a clear orientation to sustainability, said sustainability represents a transversal axis in the work practices and the bank has built an aesthetic of sustainability identity that defines it and differentiates it from the rest of the banks. The economic dimension is oriented towards the “common well-being”, where the meaning of profit extends to the benefits of people in their context.La presente ricerca offre un approccio qualitativo per lo studio della cultura della sostenibilità nell'organizzazione. Il lavoro è stato sviluppato sotto la prospettiva epistemologica dell'interazionismo simbolico, in particolare Blumer, tenendo conto del suo approccio ai concetti sensibilizzanti, vale a dire concetti costruiti dalla ricerca sul campo e che rappresentano una posizione intermedia tra la descrizione dell'esperienza e la teoria astratta. In questo senso, è stato proposto l'approccio alle interazioni dei dipendenti nel campo del lavoro in una Banca Sociale, al fine di comprendere la costruzione di significato della sostenibilità nel contesto organizzativo. Il lavoro è stato fatto attraverso l’utilizzo del metodo etnografico, rimanendo un periodo di sei mesi nell'organizzazione. Sono state utilizzate diverse strategie per la raccolta dei dati: osservazione partecipanti, 69 interviste semi-strutturate e revisione dei documenti. Dall'analisi sono stati trovati dati significativi: la banca, avendo una base di società cooperativa, pratica una sostenibilità basata sulla cura delle persone e dell’ambiente attraverso le relazioni finanziarie. Le pratiche guidate da suoi valori etici, che hanno un chiaro orientamento alla sostenibilità. La sostenibilità rappresenta un asse trasversale di tutta l’organizzazione. L’economia è fondata sul principio del “bene comune”, quindi la sostenibilità implica profit moderato, e cura delle persone e l’ambiente.
21
Puleo, Catherine. "Place Attachment in the Revitalization of Post-Industrial Downtown Canton: An Analysis of Social, Political, and Architectural Theory". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523794003883859.
22
Johansson, Åsa, e Ahmed Kheniab. "Kontoret bra, men hemma bäst? -En kvalitativ studie om distansarbetets inverkan på socialsekreterares arbetssituation". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-89969.
Abstract (sommario):
As a consequence of the Covid-19 global pandemic, many occupational groups have been forced to readjust to teleworking. This has resulted in meetings held through different digital platforms, such as smartphones and video-meetings, instead of seeing each other physically face-to-face. This study aims to investigate social workers' experience of performing social work from home based on the aspects of relationship and communication. Central questions that are covered is how collegial- and client relationships are affected when digital means of communication becomes the leading way to communicate. Previous research that is referred to in this study illustrates aspects such as how relationships are affected when communication is done through digital means, what social workers' work situation looks like and the importance of relationships at work for social workers. The theories that are used in this study is symbolic interactionism, communication theory and control-demand-support. The study is based on the qualitative research method semi-structured interviews, containing six participants. The results of this study shows that performing work from home has both positive and negative aspects. Teleworking social workers have a need for social interaction and support from colleagues. Also, physical encounters are perceived as important when it comes to the assessment of clients, but the more established the relationship is, the less of a need for physical encounters. Having client contact from home can generate a negative feeling that clients comes to close, while for others an emotional distance is created through the calming effect of the home environment.På grund av omständigheterna med covid-19 har organiseringen av arbetet kommit till att ställas om till distansarbete för flera yrkesgrupper ute i samhället. Detta har bland annat inneburit möten via digitala medier, som till exempel mobiltelefon och videomöten istället för att mötas fysiskt. Denna studie undersöker socialsekreterares upplevelse av att utföra socialt arbete på distans utifrån aspekter relation och kommunikation. Centrala frågor som behandlas i är hur kollegiala relationer och klientrelationer påverkas när digitala kommunikationsmedel blir det ledande sättet att kommunicera på. Den tidigare forskning som hänvisas till i denna studie belyser aspekter av bland annat relationsskapande när kommunikationen sker digitalt, hur socialarbetares arbetssituation ser ut och vad vikten av relationer på arbetet innebär för socialarbetare. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna i denna studie är symbolisk interaktionism, kommunikationsteori och krav-kontroll-socialt stöd. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Socialsekreterare som arbetar på distans har ett behov av fysisk social samvaro och stöd från kollegor, att fysiska träffar upplevs som viktiga vid bedömningar av klienter, men ju mer etablerad relation desto mindre behov av fysiska träffar har man. Det visade sig även att utförandet av klientrelaterat socialt arbete hemifrån kunde ge en negativ känsla av att klienter kommer för nära, medan för andra skapades en emotionell distans genom hemmiljöns lugnande inverkan.
23
Rose, Timothy Richard. "PLACE, SPACE, AND THE RELIGIOUS IDENTITY: THE PHYSICAL WORLD AS SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574194915213381.
24
Niedzielski, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Sociabilités de comptoir : une ethnographie des débits de boissons". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG029.
Abstract (sommario):
Les débits de boissons que l’on préfère les appeler cafés, bars, troquets ou autres font partie de nos sociétés depuis plusieurs siècles. A ce titre ils nous paraissent parfois familier, les connaissons nous vraiment ? A travers le discours d’une quarantaine de personnes qui ont partagé leurs expériences et le sens qu’ils donnent à leurs pratiques, cette thèse propose une exploration des usages en cours des débits de boissons, des raisons qui nous y conduisent jusqu’aux ritualités qui accompagnent les façons d’y consommer. Scindés autour de plusieurs axes qui déterminent les normes comportementales, les débits de boissons ne sont pas vécus ni envisagés de la même façon selon qu’il s’agisse du jour ou de la nuit, que l’on s’y rende seul ou accompagné. Ces axes influent sur les façons de boire, le choix du lieu et les rencontres qui s’y produisent ou non. Cette orchestration variée et pourtant harmonieuse est détaillée au cours de cette recherche offre une réponse originale quant à la place qu’ils occupent dans nos sociétésThe drinking establishments that we sometimes call cafes or bars have been part of our societies for several centuries. As such they seem to us sometimes familiar but do we really know them ?Through the speech of some forty people who have shared their experiences and the meaning they give to their practices, this thesis proposes an exploration of the current uses of drinking establishments, the reasons that lead us there, to the rituals which accompany the ways of consuming alcohol. Split between several axes that determine behavioral norms, drinking establishments are not experienced or considered in the same way depending on whether it is day or night, whether one goes there alone or accompanied. These axes influence the ways of drinking, the choice of place and the encounters that occur there or not. This varied and yet harmonious orchestration is detailed during this research and offers an original answer as to the place they occupy in our societies
25
Garnier, Claire. "Qui sont les associés d’audit des cabinets Big 4 ? : Une lecture interactionniste des carrières des auditeurs dans les cabinets Big 4 en France". Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHEC0013/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse entend contribuer à l’étude des carrières des associés des firmes professionnelles en s’intéressant en particulier au processus de construction de l’identité d’associé. En nous appuyant sur le concept interactionniste de carrière nous analysons le « devenir associé » dans le contexte des grands cabinets d’audit internationaux (les Big 4). Ce devenir est un processus qui débute quasiment dès le recrutement et qui relève de mécanismes informels et tacites et de manœuvres politiques. Nous caractérisons ces mécanismes par la notion « d’écurie » qui permet à la fois de comprendre le fonctionnement des procédures de cooptation dans sa dimension non-officielle, mais également la hiérarchisation de la partnershipet le déroulement des carrières en son sein, une fois le stade de l’association passé. La conclusion à laquelle nous parvenons est que l’auditeur devient associé bien avant sa cooptation, en se reconnaissant lui-même comme un professionnel. Ce turning point n’est cependant que le premier sur le chemin qui mène à la partnership car c’est seulement au moment où il rejoint cette dernière que l’auditeur devient l’associé qu’il était, en se faisant reconnaître comme tel par ses pairs, achevant ainsi sa conversion identitaire d’auditeur en associé. Par notre travail, nous nous inscrivons dans la lignée des études en sociologie des professions et en théorie des organisations qui ont exploré le champ de la socialisation des professionnels de l’audit et de la construction de leur identité ainsi que le fonctionnement des grands cabinets internationauxThis PhD studies the process of becoming a partner in professional services firms, envisaged through the lens of the building of the partner identity. To this end, it implements the concept of « career » developed by interactionist sociology to analyse the making of a partner in the context of the Big 4 international audit firms. Becoming a partner is a process that starts right after recruitment and which is governed by complex and largely informal mechanisms and political manoeuvring. We characterize these mechanisms with the help of the notion of “stable”, whose purpose is to understand procedures of co-option in their unofficial dimension but also to account for the structuration of the partner level in firms and the role played by hierarchies within this level in post-partner career progression. We come to the conclusion that auditors actually become partners much earlier than their official promotion to the rank, from the moment they consider themselves as such. This awakening is yet only the first turning point on the road to partnership. It is only when they are officially co-opted that auditors become the partners they were, by being recognised as such by their peers, completing therefore their identity conversion.This work contributes to the literature in the sociology of professions and organizational theory fields by investigating how professionals are socialized and how their identity is constructed and by grasping more accurately the organization of professional services firms
26
Rodrigues, Aparecido Wilson [UNESP]. "A escola entre o executivo, o judiciário e a sociedade". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104838.
Abstract (sommario):
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rodrigues_aw_dr_mar.pdf: 856045 bytes, checksum: 4861dad84a5b5fffeb361aa21759b9f4 (MD5)Esta tese é uma tentativa de contribuir com a organização das escolas públicas no enfrentamento de uma demanda crescentemente mais necessitada e uma oferta progressivamente minguada pelas imposições dos organismos internacionais. A pretensão desse trabalho é denunciar e dimensionar o problema sem, no entanto, infelizmente, oferecer nesse momento, algum conforto aos aflitos dessa turbulência desumana. A empreitada é analisar o nível de comprometimento da proposição e da ação dos três poderes republicanos, da sociedade política brasileira, na universalização da educação como direito público e subjetivo, nesse contexto globalizado e, anunciar que um outro mundo é possível através da adoção de concepções plurais de justiça que permitam, que as desigualdades sociais e econômicas sejam dispostas de tal forma que beneficiem mais aos menos aquinhoados. Por fim acreditar com mais convicção na orientação da sociologia interacionista para a qual, a sociedade é como uma cena, o indivíduo é como um ator social em comunicação significativa com outros atores e suas significações próprias e, a vida social é a composição dialética dessas ações na construção da personalidade individual e da ordem social. A teoria do currículo, a teoria do conhecimento, a governança democrática, a reflexão crítica e pesquisadora, proporcionam o arcabouço científico para a construção de uma escola sintonizada com a indigência da sociedade civil.
This thesis is a temptive of contributing with the reorganization of the public schools in the fight by a more and more urgent necessity and a rare progressive offer by the power of the international institutions. The intention of this work is denounce the existing problem and show how serious it is without giving them in this moment any kind of comfort. The purpose is to analyse the level of dedication of the proposition and of the action of the three Republic powers, of the Brazilian Politics Society making the educational system global as a public and a subjective right in this globalized context, and showing that another world is possible through the adoption of plural conceptions of justice that permit that the economic and social differences among people are reorganized in a good way in order to help more and more the poors. Believing with more convinction in the orientation of the interactionist sociology that says the society is like a scene, the human being is like an actor in an important communication with other actors and their own meanings and, their social life is the dialetic composition of those actions.In the building of the individual personality and of the social order. The theory of the curriculum, the theory of the knowledge, the democractic behaviour, the crictical reflection and the investigating action give us a scientific fortress to the building of a school that are plugged to the civil society.
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Sauerbronn, João Felipe Rammelt. "O consumidor envergonhado: uma investigação das relações entre o sentimento de vergonha e os significados do consumo". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16729.
Abstract (sommario):
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Consumer researchers from multiple tendencies had already noticed the importance of understanding the emotional phenomena associated to consumption. Emotions are key components of the human behavior and help understand the consumer behavior as well. In my thesis I present an analysis of the relationship between the feeling of shame and the meanings of consumption. Following Bagozzi, Gürhan-Canli, and Priester (2002) proposal, I had adopted an approach focused on the social basis of emotions. Although people can experience emotions privately, some emotional responses emerge from interpretations triggered by social events. In order to access the feelings experienced by the individuals during consumption I had chosen an interpretative perspective for the research. As a consequence of my epistemological option it was necessary for me to use a coherent methodological approach. The interpretative interactionism had provided a very useful resolution to the problems of analyzing the voluminous data that results in a qualitative research. The use of the interpretive interactionism was very helpful not only during the data analysis but also during the writing process. Each chapter of my thesis present a phase of the method as proposed by Denzin (1989). I could remain fully focused on the phenomenon under study because of the progressive (step-like) character of the analysis. This method made it possible to reach the perspectives of the respondents through their languages, attitudes and thoughts. I had achieved a rich and complete interpretation of the consumption experiences related to the feeling of shame. Three cases broadly represent the data retrieved and present to the reader a close examination of the elements used on the interpretation process. It was clear that the feeling of shame could influence and change the meanings of consumption of goods and services and change the consumer evaluation about it. Such clarification can be useful to marketers and researchers interested in the unpredictability of the consumer behavior.
O estudo das emoções no consumo é fundamental para a expansão do conhecimento da área de marketing. Pesquisadores de consumo de múltiplas tendências já perceberam a importância de se compreender mais profundamente os fenômenos emocionais associados ao consumo. Esta tese apresenta uma análise das relações entre o sentimento de vergonha e os significados de consumo. Utilizei uma abordagem de orientação sociológica, focada nas relações entre o indivíduo e o grupo na construção de seus sentimentos. Para poder penetrar no mundo dos sentimentos vividos pelos indivíduos, adotei uma perspectiva interpretativa para a pesquisa. Como conseqüência direta de minha opção epistemológica, foi necessária a utilização de uma abordagem metodológica capaz de alcançar os conjuntos de significados subjetivos dos indivíduos organizados dentro de um contexto social. Essencialmente, ficou demonstrado que o interacionismo interpretativo (DENZIN, 1989) ofereceu uma solução útil e consistente para os problemas de análise dos volumosos dados resultantes da abordagem qualitativa. A utilização do interacionismo interpretativo permitiu que eu permanecesse totalmente focado no fenômeno sob estudo devido às características progressivas (step-like) da análise. Além disso, a abordagem adotada tornou possível o acesso às perspectivas dos participantes através de suas linguagens, atitudes e pensamentos. Como resultado, obtive uma interpretação mais rica e completa das relações de consumo que envolvem a vergonha. Foram construídos três casos que representam de forma abrangente as entrevistas capturadas. Estes três casos ofereceram indicações suficientes para a discussão acerca dos principais pontos levantados. Ficou claro que a vergonha pode agir de maneira a constituir e modificar o significado de consumo de bens e serviços e alterar a avaliação do consumidor com relação a estes. Além disso, o estudo da vergonha pode ter conseqüências práticas para o marketing uma vez que este sentimento está relacionado ao estímulo ou desestímulo do consumo, além de surgir como resposta para algumas experiências de consumo.
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Fagan, Natalie. "Tactical Police Officers, Romantic Attachment and Job-Related Stress: A Mixed-Methods Study". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/28.
Abstract (sommario):
Stressors stemming from tactical policing such as social isolation and increased work responsibilities often spill over into the home and affect personal relationships. Using attachment theory as the guiding framework, this mixed methods study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the factors involved in maintaining long-term relationships between tactical officers and their romantic partners. Phase I consisted of surveys administered to tactical officers in Kentucky and measured romantic partner attachment, organizational and operational police stressors. Research questions examined how operational and organizational stress correlated with attachment while controlling for demographics. Analysis indicated that holding a rank above an officer has a significant relationship to both operational and organizational stress. Influenced by the findings from phase I, phase II consisted of 30 qualitative interviews with both tactical officers and their romantic partners. Using elements of attachment theory, symbolic interactionism, and components comprising the spirit of grounded theory, four primary themes with supporting subthemes were discovered: (1) communication, a key component of successful relationships; (2) isolation, particularly from socializing with those outside policing or tactical policing; (3) job related stress, where participants indicated more stress with tactical duties; and (4) tactical team as family and trust where participants indicated that personal support among team members was essential to building the mutual trust needed for the dangers of tactical policing. These themes indicated important findings including better communication between couples who had a romantic partner working in a criminal justice related field and discovery of stressors unique to tactical policing including increased job-related stress pertaining to the higher physical, moral and intellectual standards needed for tactical policing. Participant-based advice and recommendations for more tailored support services for tactical officers and their families were also developed from the findings of phase II and included a need for family notification systems and creation of family-oriented trainings. Relationships between the phases highlighted unique aspects of police subculture within tactical policing and its effects on the personal and occupational lives of tactical officers.
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Khariwal, Pooja. "Her Self: Exploration of a Woman's Self in Intimate Partner Violence". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1248918274.
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Rodrigues, Aparecido Wilson. "A escola entre o executivo, o judiciário e a sociedade /". Marília : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104838.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Paschoal QuaglioBanca: Cristiano Amaral Garboggini Di Giorgi
Banca: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães
Banca: José Geraldo Alberto Bertoncini Poker
Banca: Marília Faria de Miranda
Resumo: Esta tese é uma tentativa de contribuir com a organização das escolas públicas no enfrentamento de uma demanda crescentemente mais necessitada e uma oferta progressivamente minguada pelas imposições dos organismos internacionais. A pretensão desse trabalho é denunciar e dimensionar o problema sem, no entanto, infelizmente, oferecer nesse momento, algum conforto aos aflitos dessa turbulência desumana. A empreitada é analisar o nível de comprometimento da proposição e da ação dos três poderes republicanos, da sociedade política brasileira, na universalização da educação como direito público e subjetivo, nesse contexto globalizado e, anunciar que um outro mundo é possível através da adoção de concepções plurais de justiça que permitam, que as desigualdades sociais e econômicas sejam dispostas de tal forma que beneficiem mais aos menos aquinhoados. Por fim acreditar com mais convicção na orientação da sociologia interacionista para a qual, a sociedade é como uma cena, o indivíduo é como um ator social em comunicação significativa com outros atores e suas significações próprias e, a vida social é a composição dialética dessas ações na construção da personalidade individual e da ordem social. A teoria do currículo, a teoria do conhecimento, a governança democrática, a reflexão crítica e pesquisadora, proporcionam o arcabouço científico para a construção de uma escola sintonizada com a indigência da sociedade civil.
Abstract: This thesis is a temptive of contributing with the reorganization of the public schools in the fight by a more and more urgent necessity and a rare progressive offer by the power of the international institutions. The intention of this work is denounce the existing problem and show how serious it is without giving them in this moment any kind of comfort. The purpose is to analyse the level of dedication of the proposition and of the action of the three Republic powers, of the Brazilian Politics Society making the educational system global as a public and a subjective right in this globalized context, and showing that another world is possible through the adoption of plural conceptions of justice that permit that the economic and social differences among people are reorganized in a good way in order to help more and more the poors. Believing with more convinction in the orientation of the interactionist sociology that says the society is like a scene, the human being is like an actor in an important communication with other actors and their own meanings and, their social life is the dialetic composition of those actions.In the building of the individual personality and of the social order. The theory of the curriculum, the theory of the knowledge, the democractic behaviour, the crictical reflection and the investigating action give us a scientific fortress to the building of a school that are plugged to the civil society.
Doutor
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Fürst, Henrik. "Doing Internet Dating : In the Search for the Future Someone". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-44302.
Abstract (sommario):
In this explorative study internet dating is studied as shared commitment to a common collective activity. Focus is on social formative emotions and internet dating in the rhythm of everyday life. The study is based on an interactionist theory/method package related to grounded theory and situational analysis. Sixty-eight participants of a Swedish internet dating site have been interviewed by e-mail. Fifteen of these interviews were followed up by a second one. Internet dating mainly occurs during evenings at home. It is kept separate from other commitments in daily life, such as work, as collisions of activities might lead to emotional and tension-ridden situations. The essential social process involved in internet dating is searching for a future someone/something. This process is given strength by the future- and action-oriented emotion of hope of happiness. The future is represented in imagination by talk about sought for emotions. The internet daters want to end their commitment to internet dating, while the internet dating company, for economic reasons, wants them to continue with the activity. The internet daters learn to manage their spontaneous emotions; they learn not to show "too much" future-oriented emotions. Instead a "relaxed" attitude, based on the present, is encouraged among participants. The act of imagining and searching for a future someone/something is formalized and organized by means of internet dating sites. Emotions are thus being commercialized in the interest of the internet dating company.
32
Durin, Guillaume. "L’énonciation du discours intellectuel de guerre juste aux Etats-Unis de 1971 à 2005 : exploration socio-discursive des trajectoires et des propositions de Jean Bethke Elshtain, James Turner Johnson, Michael Walzer et George Weigel". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30093.
Abstract (sommario):
Depuis plus d’une soixantaine d’années, le débat de politique étrangère aux Etats-Unis fait référence à la « tradition » ou la « théorie » de la guerre juste et se décline en partie autour de conceptions, de critères et de postures qui y sont apparentés. La pratique est vivifiée par des philosophes, des politologues, des théologiens inscrits dans des contextes variés dont Michael Walzer, Jean B. Elshtain, James T. Johnson et George Weigel. Malgré des trajectoires et des choix dissemblables, ils ont notamment en commun de faire face à d’autres penseurs développant des perspectives moins enclines à admettre la mise en relation qu’ils pratiquent entre guerre et morale. Leurs prises de parole croisent celles de plusieurs séries de référents, d'alliés et de contradicteurs dont Reinhold Niebuhr, Paul Ramsey, William O’Brien, John Courtney Murray mais aussi Hans Morgenthau et plus récemment Richard Rorty, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Edward Saïd, Drew Christiansen, Martin L. Cook, John Langan, ou Bryan Hehir. La longévité de la communauté socio-discursive démontre la persistance d’un engagement intellectuel marqué par la volonté de promouvoir la justice et les principes éthiques et de dissoudre la dichotomie bellicisme/irénisme, cynisme/messianisme, pour défendre une « réalité morale de la guerre » située dans une forme avancée de « réalisme moral ». Les dynamiques à l’œuvre s’avèrent orientées par la recherche d’une « juste » conjugaison éthico-politique mais aussi par des logiques de positionnement et d’occupation au sein d’espaces délibératifs hautement conflictuels. Leur interprétation mobilise une perspective politologique socio-discursive et conflictualiste : socio-discursive car ancrée dans la pragmatique interactionniste développée par le linguiste Dominique Maingueneau et conflictualiste au sens que lui donne le sociologue Randall Collins. Elle souligne, pour finir, l’intérêt exploratoire des notions d’inter et de contre-discours mais aussi de communauté et de coalition socio-discursivesFor more than sixty years, the debate about the US foreign policy has referred to the “just war” theory. It has been based on conceptions and paradigms connected to that traditional notion of “just war” and invigorated by philosophers, political scientists or theologians including Michael Walzer, Jean B. Elshtain, James T. Johnson and George Weigel. The latter have different backgrounds and made dissimilar intellectual choices but they have common points, in particular a common aim to confront theorists that are not prone to link war and ethics. The “just war” thinkers interacts with several referred authors, with followers and detractors, including Reinhold Niebuhr, Paul Ramsey, William O’Brien, John Courtney Murray but also Hans Morgenthau and more recently, Richard Rorty, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Edward Saïd, Martin L. Cook, Drew Christiansen, John Langan, or Bryan Hehir. The durability of the socio-discursive community shows the persistence of an intellectual involvement characterized by the will to promote justice and ethical principles and to make the dichotomy between warmongering and irenicism, between cynicism and messianism, to defend the “moral reality of mar” belonging to an advanced form of “moral realism”. The dynamics at work turn out to be oriented by the seaking of a “just” combination between politics and ethics but also by positioning and occupancy logics within highly controversial deliberative areas. Therefore, the interpretation of the contemporary “just war” intellectual discourse requests the use of a socio-discursive and conflictualist perspective, issued from Dominique Maingueneau’s pragmatic theory and from Randall Collins’ sociology of intellectual conflicts. Lastly, the debates about a “just war” theory highlights interpretative interest of inter- and counter- discourse notions but also of socio-discursive coalitions and communities
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Athahb, Anwahr. "Socialtjänstens utmaningar i mötet med minoritetsgrupper : – En kvalitativ studie om muslimska kvinnors upplevelser och erfarenheter av bemötandet inom socialtjänsten". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1283.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experiences and treatment of Muslim women in their encounters with the social services. The primal themes for this study was: How does Muslim women experience the treatment of their case in the social services in a situation of need? How can the encounter and experience with the social services affect the clients trust in the social services? What is the ideal treatment of women with a Muslim identity by the social services? The aim of this study was to investigate and capture the respondents lived perceptions and experiences with the social services, and thus the qualitative interview methodology was implemented to answer the research questions and hypotheses. Seven interviews with Muslim women were conducted in various districts of Stockholm, a city in northern Sweden. Five of the respondents were of ethnic Swedish origin and two were of other ethic origin. The results show that the majority of the respondents experienced a negative response at least once when in contact with the social services. Respondents emphasize that the unsafe and insecure meeting with the social worker was due to a non-verbal body language which they experience as an indication of preconceived notions about Muslim women, which is particularly experienced and described by the respondents with the Islamic headscarf. The trust in the social services decline in connection with the negative reflection of the respondents. However, the lived experiences with the social worker and the social services have not all been of a negative nature. The suggested ideal is also taken from the respondents own lived experiences with the social services. A pervasive and consistent ideal is that the respondents want to be listened to, understood and respected for who they are as well as empowered rather than suppressed. Key words: treatment, attitudes, Muslim women, social services, symbolic interactionism, trust, reliance (confidence) ideal, Rothstein, Mead, structural discrimination. Nyckelord: bemötande, muslimska kvinnor, socialtjänsten, symbolisk interaktionism, tillit, förtroende, ideal, Rothstein, Mead, strukturell diskriminering.
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Charlap, Cécile. "La fabrique de la ménopause : genre, apprentissage et trajectoires". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG022/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail de thèse interroge la ménopause en tant que catégorie et en tant qu’expérience. Il prend pour objet les mécanismes de la « fabrique » de la ménopause et ses effets afin de mettre en évidence comment physiologie et rapports sociaux se nouent. La construction sociale de la ménopause, son traitement social et l’expérience des femmes dans le contexte actuel français sont étudiés à partir d’un double matériau : les discours sociaux portant sur la ménopause et des entretiens approfondis menés auprès de femmes ménopausées. L’étude de la construction de la ménopause dans les discours médicaux souligne, tout d’abord, le caractère fondamental du genre dans la production de cette catégorie, aujourd’hui mise en scène dans des relais culturels (médias et publicités). Nous analysons, ensuite, l’expérience de la ménopause comme un apprentissage. Avec pour objectif de « dénaturaliser » la ménopause, nous éclairons la socialisation dont elle est le fruit et les interactions où s’en réalise l’apprentissage. Enfin, loin d’être un évènement, la ménopause constitue un processus dynamique, informé par des rapports sociaux et produit de représentations. Nous appréhendons l’expérience de la ménopause en tant que trajectoire influencée par différents facteurs qui mettent en jeu les normes d’âge en termes de fécondité, les représentations du corps ainsi que deux interactants clés : le médecin et l’autrui significatifThis PhD deals with menopause as a category and an experience. It aims to understand the mechanisms through which menopause is “made”, as well as their effects. The social construction of menopause, its social treatment and women’s’ lived experiences in the French context are examined from a double perspective: social discourses about menopause and interviews carried out with menopausal women. Firstly, the social construction of menopause in medical discourses reveals the crucial importance of gender in the production of this category, nowadays extremely dramatized in media and advertisement. We then proceed to analyze menopause as a learning process. In order to “denaturalize” menopause, we focus on the socialization which it is a product of, and the interactions which constitute its learning process. Finally, we examine menopause as a process fashioned by social relationships and representations, a trajectory where norms of age and fecundity, representations of the body, and key interactions with physician and significant other are at play
35
Many, Guillaume. "Profession et professionnalisation des enseignants en France, en République Démocratique Allemande et dans les nouveaux länder de l'Allemagne : 1970-2000". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20013/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse de doctorat a pour but d'établir une comparaison de l'évolution de la profession et du vécu de la profession enseignante sur la période allant de 1970 à 2000. Cette période permet d'axer la comparaison sur les évolutions politiques, différentes dans les deux zones géographiques : en Allemagne, la Réunification bouleverse l'ensemble de la société et entraîne tout le système scolaire dans une période de réformes ; en France, l'évolution politique et de la société est, en comparaison, linéaire. Les réformes concernant la formation et le statut des enseignants sont ici mises en perspective par rapport aux différents types de modernisation.Après avoir justifié la comparaison entre la France, la RDA et les nouveaux Länder, ce travail entend définir les types de modernisation à l’oeuvre dans les zones géographiques et politiques observées. La méthodologie employée pour la récolte et l'analyse des données est celle de la sociologie interactionniste des professions, et s'appuie sur un matériel empirique composé de récits de carrière récoltés effectués d'enseignants et enseignantes situés à Lyon et à Leipzig, et dont la carrière dans l'enseignement a débuté entre 1970 et 2000.Un deuxième bloc s'attache à l'évolution des systèmes scolaires dans les pays concernés, en se concentrant sur la formation et le statut des enseignants. Les contextes historiques et éducatifs nécessaires à l'étude sont définis ici.La troisième grande partie est composée du traitement des entretiens, et compare l'évolution relatée par les enseignants de la profession. Cette partie est découpée en huit sous-parties, catégories d'analyse construites après analyse des entretiens. Ces sous-parties appelées « items » sont le coeur de la comparaison, en éclairant les catégories construites sous plusieurs angles : évolution temporelle, évolution politique, groupes professionnels, caractères communs et personnelsThe main objective of this thesis is to establish a comparison of the teachers professions evolution and lived careers, in the time period going from 1970 to 2000. This period allows us to concentrate the comparison on the political evolutions, which are different in the two considered geographic areas: in GDR and Germany, the Reunification disrupts the whole society and leads the land in a total reform period; in France, the political and societal evolution is, in comparison, quite linear. The reforms about the teachers education and status are taken in this work under the perspective of the different types of modernization.After the justification of the interest of comparing France, the GDR and the new Länder of Germany, this thesis aims the definition of the types of modernization we can find in the considered geographic and politic contexts. The methodology we used in this work to gather and analyse the data is the interactionist profession sociology, and the empiric data used is a corpus of teachers career interviews realised in Lyon and Leipzig. The interviewed teachers began their career as teacher between 1970 and 2000.A second part is centered in the observation of the evolution of the school systems in the concerned countries, and especially teachers education and status. The historical and educative contexts we used for this study are defined here.The third part is the empiric part, and is about the analysis of the interviews. The evolutions the teachers told about the profession are compared in this part. It is composed of eight categories, built after the interviews analysis. They are at the heart of the comparison, and shows the categories we built under many lights: temporal evolution, political evolution, professional groups, personal and common features
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Martin, Kaleb J. "An Ethnographic Exploration of Chinese Males' Identity through Dress". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1449238087.
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Freitas, Daniel Jorge Salles de. "A ocupação pela TV : mediações televisivas e a operação das forças de segurança pública no complexo de favelas do Alemão e Vila Cruzeiro". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2018.
Abstract (sommario):
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Nas sociedades democráticas contemporâneas o medo tem produzido importantes efeitos nas formas como o público percebe questões ligadas ao crime e à segurança pública. Mais do que uma simples emoção, em tais sociedades o medo do crime se configura como uma perspectiva de mundo, ou seja, uma maneira naturalizada através da qual as pessoas definem a realidade em que vivem e orientam as suas condutas. Sob a orientação teórica do Interacionismo Simbólico, este trabalho analisa o papel dos meios de comunicação de massa no processo de transformação do medo do crime em uma perspectiva de mundo. Os meios de comunicação são compreendidos como fontes simbólicas privilegiadas a partir das quais o público define situações e constrói a realidade. A mediação entre as representações do crime nos meios de comunicação e as percepções da audiência de massa é mediada por formatos comunicacionais que se baseiam em perspectivas de medo e insegurança, o que, segundo o sociólogo David Altheide, conduz a um processo social que ele identifica ―política do medo‖: a naturalização de uma perspectiva de realidade na qual o crime é percebido como um fator em descontrole, uma ameaça constante à segurança pessoal dos indivíduos que, por sua vez, passam a demandar do poder público intervenções mais duras e punitivas em relação à criminalidade e a apoiar medidas típicas do populismo penal. A fim de identificar a existência de elementos característicos desse processo no Brasil, é feita uma análise interpretativa da cobertura televisiva da Rede Globo da ocupação policial do Complexo de Favelas do Alemão e Vila Cruzeiro no Rio de Janeiro em 2010. A abordagem da pesquisa segue o conjunto de orientações metodológicas sugerido por David Altheide para a realização do que ele denomina ―Análise Etnográfica de Documentos‖, e leva a conclusão de que o medo do crime ocupa importante lugar na percepção da realidade do público brasileiro e repercute em aspectos importantes da vida social, destacadamente nas expectativas quanto à atuação do Estado na área da segurança pública.
In contemporary democratic societies, fear has produced important effects in the ways public perceives issues related to crime and public safety. More than a simple emotion, in such societies the fear of crime became a perspective, a take-for-granted form through which people see the world, define reality in which they live and direct their conducts. Under the guidance of Symbolic Interactionism, this work analyzes the role of mass media in this changing process of fear of crime in a way to comprehend the world. The media are understood as privileged symbolic sources by which the public defines situations and constructs the reality. The mediation between the representations of crime in the media and the perceptions of the audience is made by communicational formats based on fear and insecurity prospects, which, according to sociologist David Altheide, leads to a social process he calls "politics of fear": the naturalization of a definition of reality in which crime is perceived as a factor out of control, a constant threat to the personal safety of individuals who, in turn, begin to demand government interventions tougher e more punitive in relation to crime, and support typical measures of penal populism. In order to identify the existence of characteristic elements of this process in Brazil is made an interpretive analytics of the TV Globo coverage of police occupation of Alemão and Vila Cruzeiro slums in Rio de Janeiro in 2010. The research approach follows the set of methodological guidelines suggested by David Altheide to the realization of what he calls "Ethnographic Analysis of Documents", and leads to the conclusion that the fear of crime occupies important place in the brazilian public's perception of reality, what reflects on important aspects of social life, notably in State‘s actions in public safety.
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Ben, Miled Aïcha. "Éducation familiale et rapport au savoir chez des garçons et des filles tunisiens de première année d'école primaire : une approche interactionniste sociale". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727300.
Abstract (sommario):
L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser l'impact des processus éducatifs sous-jacents à l'élaboration du rapport au savoir chez des garçons et des filles tunisiens scolarisés en première année de l'école primaire. Nous centrons notre étude sur l'analyse des processus psychologiques selon les dimensions impliquées dans la construction identitaire et sociale du sujet. En accord avec notre approche interactionniste sociale qui privilégie l'étude de l'interstructuration entre l'individu et ses milieux de vie, nous avons mené des entretiens auprès de 16 enfants et des trois dyades : parents-enfants, élèves-enseignants et parents-enseignants. Notre approche qualitative repose sur une démarche d'analyse inductive basée essentiellement sur l'étude de cas singuliers de garçons et de filles selon des styles éducatifs prototypiques. Les résultats révèlent que les enfants élaborent des formes hétérogènes de rapport au savoir dès le début de l'entrée à l'école. Nos analyses permettent d'établir l'existence d'une concordance entre les styles éducatifs parentaux et les figures du rapport au savoir élaborées par les jeunes enfants-élèves. Il s'avère que si l'influence du milieu familial est déterminante, elle n'est pas exclusive si nous considérons d'une part, l'action dialectique des diverses milieux de vie et d'autre part, l'activité de réappropriation singulière du sujet comme acteur de son propre développement. De ce point de vue, les interactions avec l'enseignant peuvent donner du sens aux activités scolaires, enrichir l'expérience scolaire et susciter le rapport au savoir des élèves.
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Jolivet, Anne. "La participation des citoyens à la fonction de juger en France et en Italie : une étude socio-anthropologique du jury populaire en cour d’assises". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20127.
Abstract (sommario):
L’objectif de cette recherche est de comparer les jurys criminels français et italien à travers une étude socio-anthropologique de la pratique judiciaire observable dans les cours d’assises. Il s’agit de rendre compte des différents aspects de l’expérience vécue par les jurés en étudiant minutieusement le rituel judiciaire ainsi que les interactions et relations qui se jouent entre les profanes et les professionnels de la justice le temps d’une session. Quels sont les résultats principaux qui émergent de la comparaison des jurys populaires français et italien ? Ils sont essentiellement de trois ordres. Premièrement, l’observation du « droit en mouvement » révèle que, malgré les similitudes des deux systèmes étudiés sur le plan théorique, la mise en œuvre pratique de la participation des citoyens au jugement des crimes est différente entre la France et l’Italie. Il est alors possible d’en détailler les mécanismes de fonctionnement au regard de la culture juridique de chacun des pays étudiés et en retour, les caractéristiques de chacun des jurys nous apportent des informations sur les mœurs démocratiques française et italienne. Deuxièmement, le jury populaire apparaît comme une « institution de sociabilité » pour les individus appelés à siéger temporairement à la cour d’assises. Cette dimension socialisante influence de manière décisive l’« expérience authentique » vécue par les jurés, et en fait une « expérience directe » de la souffrance d’autrui et du fonctionnement de la démocratie. Troisièmement, la comparaison des jurys criminels français et italien permet de rappeler la modernité et les enjeux actuels liés à la présence des profanes au sein de l’institution judiciaire. Le jury populaire peut être considéré comme une « institution bonne » capable à la fois de redonner de la crédibilité à l’institution judiciaire, de fournir aux acteurs professionnels la possibilité de « ré enchanter » leur quotidien, et enfin d’orchestrer une prise de conscience individuelle pour les jurés sur l’importance de leur participation pour le maintien du lien socialThe purpose of the research is to compare French and Italian juries through a socio-anthropological study of judicial practice in criminal courts. It reports on the different experiences of jurors by carefully studying court procedure, as well as the interactions and relations between laymen and legal professionals within a session.What are the main findings that emerge from comparing French and Italian juries? They can broadly be divided into three parts. Firstly, observation of "the law in motion" reveals that, despite the theoretical similarities between the two systems, the practicalities of involving citizens in judging crimes are different in France and Italy. It is then possible to examine the mechanics in view of the legal culture in both countries and, in return, the characteristics of their juries give us an insight into France and Italy’s democratic values. Secondly, juries appear to be a "socializing institution" for individuals who are required to attend court. This element of socialization has a decisive influence on the "authentic experience" of jurors, making it a "direct experience" of the suffering of others and the functioning of democracy. Thirdly, comparing French and Italian juries provides an opportunity to reflect on modern times and the current issues surrounding the presence of laymen within the judiciary. Juries may be seen as a "worthy" institution able to restore the credibility of the judicial system, stimulate legal professionals and raise individual awareness amongst jurors of the importance of their participation in maintaining social cohesion
L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è di mettere a confronto la giuria popolare francese con quella italiana sviluppando uno studio socio-antropologico basato sulla pratica giudiziaria osservabile nelle corte d’assise. Si è cercato di mostrare le differenze nel modo di vivere l’esperienza di giurato osservando accuratamente, per ciascuno dei due contesti, il rituale giudiziario, le interazioni e le relazioni tra componenti laici e togati presenti durante una sessione. Quali sono i principali risultati che emergono del paragone delle giurie popolari francesi e italiane? Ne emergono soprattutto tre. Primo, sebbene ci siano delle somiglianze dell’impianto teorico su cui si fondano i due sistemi della giuria popolare, l’osservazione del “diritto in movimento” rivela quanto il loro funzionamento pratico sia diverso. Si descrivono nei dettagli i meccanismi del funzionamento della giuria popolare mettendoli in rapporto con la cultura giuridica di ogni paese mostrandoci, allo specchio, le caratteristiche dei loro costumi democratici. Secondo, la giuria popolare appare come un’“istituzione di sociabilità” per chi vi prende parte. La dimensione sociale influisce sull’“esperienza autentica” vissuta dai giurati agendo direttamente sul modo di percepire la sofferenza altrui e del funzionamento dei processi democratici. Terzo, il confronto tra giuria francese e italiana ci permette di porre l’accento sull’attuale modernità di questa istituzione e sulle sue implicazioni nella procedura penale. La giuria popolare può essere considerata come un’”istituzione buona” in grado di contribuire all’attendibilità del procedimento giuridico, di conferire autorevolezza alla pratica quotidiana dei magistrati togati e di indurre la consapevolezza, in ogni giudice popolare, dell’importanza della sua partecipazione attiva per il mantenimento del legame sociale
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Romijn, François. "S’exposer en inquiétude. Le sujet fait et défait avec les médiations nouvelles sur sa santé". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH038.
Abstract (sommario):
L’être humain est de plus en plus souvent inscrit dans des contextes où lui est accessible un savoir nouveau sur sa vie biologique (e.g., gènes, épigénome, neurones, microbiote). À portées de mains ou de clics, des médiations toujours plus nombreuses (e.g. tests génétiques prédictifs en matière de santé ; « récréatifs », relatifs à l’« ancestralité biogéographique », microbiote intestinal ou à l’« âge épigénétique » ; applications dites de « self-tracking ») mettent l’usager en relation avec des formats d’information de plus en plus diversifiés (e.g., SNP’s, diagnostics, probabilités exprimées sous forme de pourcentages de développer des maladies ou d’autres conditions : réponses de l’organisme à certains pathogènes et molécules, résistance à certaines pathologie, et d’autres propriétés qui seraient influencées par la génétique, comme la longévité ou les facultés cognitives). La découverte de ces données biologiques éprouve la personne et la confronte à de nouvelles inquiétudes qu’elle doit traverser.Menée sur base de trois terrains situés dans le champ de la santé (consultation médicale, usage du web en matière de santé, et usage d’auto-tests tests génétiques), cette recherche contribue à la compréhension de ce phénomène de société. Elle s’applique en particulier à préciser la variété des façons dont la personne intègre ces données nouvelles qui s’accompagnent d’une prétention à un réalisme fort. Dans certains cas, ces technologies fournissent à l’individu une image objectivante de son « identité ». L’approche préconisée s’articule à un questionnement anthropologique singulier : Comment la personne s’arrange-t-elle de situations dans lesquelles elle est mise en relation non plus seulement avec d’autres humains mais au premier titre avec des données objectivantes relatives à son intériorité biologique ? Cette question anthropologique invite à porter au moins autant d’attention à ce qui nous relie à autrui et à notre environnement (deux questions classiquement situées au cœur du projet de la sociologie), qu’aux façons dont l’humain assure une continuité avec lui- même dans des situations où le vivant pose question. Cette recherche démontre que la conduite effectivement adoptée par les usagers des trois médiations examinées est irréductible à l’attente d’autonomie souvent promue comme prise en charge de sa santé relevant d’un plan d’action orienté vers un but à atteindre. Soutenue par des outils sociologiques qui sous-tendent une conception plurielle du sujet et de l’action, cette recherche attire l’attention sur des dynamiques peu traitées dans les sciences sociales de la santé. L’examen attentif du maintien du sujet mis à l’épreuve de ces nouveaux savoirs jette une lumière nouvelle sur l’habileté de l’humain à évoluer entre une pluralité de positions, de définitions de ce qu’il se passe et/ou de qui il est afin de s’arranger de ces découvertes qui insécurisent son état de sujet. Plutôt que de considérer le caractère ambivalent, équivoque et parfois carrément ambigu de la conduite de l’usager comme un échec de l’analyse, ce travail contribue à une approche de la composition dans le rapport à soi et à autruiMore than ever before humans have access to new knowledge about their biological life (e.g., genes, biochemical marks influencing phenotypes, neurons, microbiota). This knowledge is progressively transfered out of laboratories and into commercial markets. Then, by means of an ever-increasing number of readily available mediations (e.g. direct-to-consumer (epi)genomic tests (DTC GT), health-related uses of the Internet, direct-to-consumer genomic tests, self-tracking applications on smartphones) layusers are connected to an increasingly diverse array of data (e.g., online diagnostics, genomic predispositions, probabilities, SNP’s). My doctoral thesis develops an investigation of the practices whereby individuals ensure continuity with others/themselves when confronted to new knowledge related to their biology. Knowing the so-called “real” or potential biological endowment of oneself but also of others has tremendous social, political and ethical consequences. These new reflexive technologies grant individuals with an objectifying image of their “identity”. These new objectifying data related to the biological self puts the subject to test. They confront them to inquietudes they have to cope with.Built on three fieldworks located in the field of health (the classic medical examination, health-related information on the Internet, health-related direct-to-consumer genomic tests), this research fosters a better understanding of this social phenomenon. My investigation specifically seeks to clarify the variety of ways that allow individuals to integrate these new data marked with a strong degree of realism. The approach set forth in this research revolves on a specific anthropological question: how human beings find arrangements with situations in which they are not only confronted to others but also with objectifying data related to their biological life? This anthropological problematic invites us to bring at least as much attention to what connects us with others than to the specific ways individuals ensure continuity with themselves in contexts where the “living” raises question. My research demonstrates that the conduct actually adopted by users of the three mediations studied is irreducible to the expected liberal autonomy often promoted in the literature as “management of one’s health”. A careful analysis of the subject’s consistence facing this new knowledge highlights social dynamics that have received little attention in the field of social sciences of health. The fieldworks carried out provide new insights on the human ability to bring together different positions or definitions of what is happening and/or who you are in order to arrange with these discoveries that challenge their subject consistency. Rather than considering the equivocal features and sometimes the outright ambiguity of the conducts as a failure of the analysis, this research effort contributes achieving a better understanding of the pervasiveness of composition in our relationship to our self and the others in social contexts related to biology
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Onyekachi, Nnaji John. "Concepts of the 'Scientific Revolution': An analysis of the historiographical appraisal of the traditional claims of the science". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117678.
Abstract (sommario):
´Scientific revolution´, as a concept, is both ´philosophically general´ and ´historically unique´. Both dual-sense of the term alludes to the occurrence of great changes in science. The former defines the changes in science as a continual process while the latter designate them, particularly, as the ´upheaval´ which took place during the early modern period. This research aims to demonstrate how the historicists´ critique of the justification of the traditional claims of science on the basis of the scientific processes and norms of the 16th and 17th centuries, illustrates the historical/local determinacy of the science claims. It argues that their identification of the contextual and historical character of scientific processes warrants a reconsideration of our notion of the universality of science. It affirms that the universality of science has to be sought in the role of such sources like scientific instruments, practical training and the acquisition of methodological routines"Revolución científica", como concepto, se refiere a la vez a algo «filosóficamente general» e « históricamente único". Ambos sentidos del término aluden a la ocurrencia de grandes cambios en la ciencia. El primero define los cambios en la ciencia como un proceso continuo, mientras que el último los designa, en particular, como la "transformación", que tuvo lugar durante la Edad Moderna. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar cómo la crítica de los historicistas a la justificación de las características tradicionales de la ciencia sobre la base de los procesos y normas científicos de los siglos XVI y XVII, ilustra la determinación histórica y local de los atributos de la ciencia. Se argumenta que la identificación del carácter contextual e histórico de los procesos científicos justifica una reconsideración de nuestra noción de la universalidad de la ciencia. Se afirma que la universalidad de la ciencia se ha de buscar en el papel de tales fuentes como instrumentos científicos, la formación práctica y la adquisición de rutinas metodológicas
42
Suljak, Mary. "Dance Competitions and Recitals as Collectively Accomplished Events: An Ethnographic Study of Amateur Dance". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4979.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis presents a qualitative analysis of organized amateur dance participation as an example of human group life. Organized amateur dance typically occurs within a studio or school setting and is differentiated from professional dance by the lack of monetary compensation provided to performers. Consequently, this thesis considers the dance studio as an arena for pursuing hobby-based interests and activities, as well as notions of providing entertainment as entertainment in and of itself.
Using a symbolic interactionist theoretical perspective in conjunction with ethnographic methodology, this thesis analyzes the centrality of performance among amateur dance participants, related to group-based definitions of competitions and recitals as the most significant aspects of their dance involvements. By envisioning competitions and recitals as instances of coordinated activity, this thesis employs Prus’ (1997: 135) conceptual model for participating in collective events as a means of highlighting the processual quality characteristic of developing performance events. Further, this thesis uses Goffman’s (1959) conceptualization of team-based dynamics as a means of illustrating how meanings about the group, the activity at hand and the event being anticipated are created, negotiated and perpetuated in a group-based setting.
Data obtained from the observation of dance groups as they prepared for and engaged in competitions and recitals as well as open-ended interviews with twenty members of the amateur dance community is used to illustrate the various stages of accomplishing performance events. This analysis begins with participant experiences in initiating events and becoming involved with them, followed by a discussion on how these groups prepare for, sustain and participate in performance events.
While this thesis focuses predominantly on amateur dance involvements, it also provides a transcontextual analysis of the interactionist concept of the collective event, through comparisons with research conducted on groups based on activities other than dance. Through field data and these various comparisons, this thesis finds that working toward and participating in group-based ventures encourages the development of a team- based awareness and sense of purpose among the participants of a wide variety of activities. Because having a central focus and common awareness with regard to an activity is integral to the sustained commitments and involvements of participants, this thesis finds the interactionist notion of collective events to be a central feature of human lived experience.
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DePutter, Megan. "The Impression Management Strategies of Leaders in the Nonprofit Sector". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3459.
Abstract (sommario):
Leadership represents a diverse and dynamic area of study, occupying a
vast area in sociological literature. However, the nonprofit sector is somewhat
neglected in literature that examines leadership as a performance. Heightened
demand for accountability, funding shortages and other challenges in the
nonprofit sector have spurred recent trends such as coalition-building and
business-like practices. Nonprofit leaders must satisfy multiple internal and
external stakeholders with opposing values and expectations. This creates a rich
and yet incomplete area in which to study impression management.
This thesis employs an interpretivist perspective, specifically utilizing
symbolic interactionism to understand how the participants create and maintain
impressions. By employing Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical metaphors, this
thesis addresses how the participants use symbolic representations of leadership
in order to create desired impressions. It also explores the strategies used by the
participants in order to present a front of competent leadership during the
interviews. Lastly, the research asks the participants to reflect on their
impression management activities. To address these questions, 19 leaders were
interviewed at 11 different nonprofits in Canada and in Egypt for approximately
one hour each, using face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Simple
observation was also applied. A combination of purposive, snowball and
convenience sampling was used to select the organizations.
iv
The research offers a number of significant findings. First, the manner
and appearances of the leaders and the design of their office space provides
avenues in which to convey leadership, financial and organizational messages,
as well as information about the leaders’ roles and statuses. For example, visual
cues may be used to express their participative approach to leadership, convey
organizational frugality or success and create a corporate culture.
Second, the participants commonly self-identified as benevolent and
humble “servant leaders” by attempting to appear as mentors. They downplayed
their authority and claimed to integrate staff feedback into the organization.
They also claimed to employ a benevolent form of discipline that focuses on
learning. When discussing mistakes, the participants claimed to respond in an
ideal way, by apologizing and learning from their errors. However, they
claimed to, at times, act authoritatively and convey “professionalism.” The
leaders displayed their authority during the course of the interview and laid
claim to qualifications that made them especially suited for the job. These kinds
of inconsistencies suggest that impression management is not static or flawless,
but rather a series of performances fraught with contradiction and tension.
Third, about half of the participants admitted to consciously changing their
behaviour, language and appearances in situations in order to build trust with
stakeholders. This involves at times appearing “professional” while at other
times self-humbling in order to build a shared-identity with others. The
participants struggle to appear sincere, but recognize that their impressions are
sometimes met with suspicion.
There are limitations to the sampling technique and research design. A
larger sample that interviewed a group of leaders from one region would be
preferable to this small, cross-national one. In this thesis it is impossible to
know whether the participants’ claims are warranted. Longitudinal participant
observation would enable the researcher to see inconsistencies and also to
understand how others interpret the leaders’ impression management attempts.
However, the research has many benefits; in addition to contributing to the
literature and providing examples of Goffman’s dramaturgical metaphors in the
context of nonprofit leadership, this thesis may assist leaders in their goals.
This thesis could lead to increased self-reflexivity or sharing of impression
management techniques and could potentially assist nonprofit leaders with their
tenuous missions.
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Buchanan, Rebecca R. "The Pleasure and Participation Sports Model as Reflected Through an Advanced Physical Education Course". 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1062.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to explore how the pleasure and participation sports model as described by Coakley (2009) was reflected through an Advanced Physical Education course. This included an analysis examining whether the model was supported, expanded, or refuted based on characteristics of the model emphasizing (a) democratic leadership, (b) inclusive participation, and (c) the use of cooperation and competition with others to develop and test skills in a healthy and enjoyable context.
A single-site, exploratory, qualitative case study design provided the opportunity to investigate the phenomenon under exploration. A particular Advanced Physical Education course was purposefully selected as the bounded case for the study. Fifteen students and one teacher agreed to participate. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews (audio taped), observations, and documents provided data sources for information collected between August 2010 and April 2011.
Data analysis procedures included a constant comparative method in which conceptually congruent categories were constructed to develop multiple iterations of analysis. Themes that developed based on the data suggested that students experienced a sense of enjoyment, empowerment, and connection resulting from their involvement in the class. From an interactionist perspective, as students found themselves interacting with one another in sports such as archery and kayaking, they were able to prescribe meanings that were often very different than their experiences in traditional sports.
Conclusions from the study indicated that the course did reflect the pleasure and participation model. This study suggests that if students interpret their experiences in physical education and sports as positive, then they are more likely to participate. Utilizing Coakley’s model is significant because it provides a framework for considering sports from a broader perspective reflecting the diverse youth population. As a result, the research is beneficial in considering how current opportunities in sport and physical education can be expanded to offer all youth an opportunity to participate and experience sociopositive outcomes. This is also noteworthy since research has indicated the importance of physical activity and that in terms of health, the best physical activities consist of ones which are non-competitive and rhythmic (Chenoweth & Leutzinger, 2006; Curry, Arriagada, & Cornwell, 2002).
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Coates, Dominiek D. "Identity transitions and the project of the self: a symbolic interactionist exploration of life histories of former members of new religious movements". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/936156.
Abstract (sommario):
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis is an investigation of the life history narratives of 23 former members of 11 different World-Rejecting New Religious Movements (NRMs) in Australia. The study is a qualitative enquiry consisting of in-depth biographical interviews informed by constructionist grounded theory and the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism (SI). Questions were aimed at elucidating insights into the way in which participants experienced and negotiated issues of identity and self before, during and since membership. The life history narratives were analysed for an understanding of membership in the context of the participants’ wider life histories and descriptions of self and identity. Both macro and micro understandings of membership were elucidated. At a macro level the narratives were analysed for an understanding of the significance and impact of NRM affiliation and disaffiliation on the participants’ sense of self. While it is recognised that NRM participation has been on the rise since the 1960s, why this is, and what identity purpose or significance NRM affiliation and disaffiliation may serve remains unclear. At a micro level, the narratives were analysed for an understanding of the way in which participants negotiated issues of self and identity prior to membership, following affiliation and since disaffiliation. The principal findings were that participation in a world-rejecting NRM served a significant identity function for the former members in this study. The findings suggest that for the participants in the study membership was motivated by difficulties negotiating tensions between personal autonomy and social connectedness. In accordance with SI theorising of the self as constructed in the realm of both self and others, it is argued that an ability to reflexively negotiate tensions between personal autonomy and social connectedness is paramount for the contemporary self, and NRM membership is conceptualised as motivated by, and a potential solution to, difficulties balancing these tensions. Some of the participants describe selves that were highly conformist and dependent on others, and these participants describe membership as motivated by a lack of personal autonomy and a need for guidance and direction. Other participants describe selves that were highly autonomous and socially isolated and these participants describe membership as motivated by a desire for self-change, in particular, the development of an increased sense of belonging or social connectedness. The majority of participants describe that as the result of their experiences of affiliation and disaffiliation they have become better able to manage tension between autonomy and connectedness. Participants varied in the extent to which their narratives of NRM affiliation were informed by the concept of ‘brainwashing’. Most participants describe membership and exit as a difficult but enriching experience that has helped to resolve or ameliorate previous vulnerabilities. At a micro level, participants’ narratives were analysed using SI understandings of the self as, to varying degrees, informed by social influence and personal uniqueness. Variations in the way in which participants describe their ‘selves’, and the way in which they experienced and negotiated membership and exit, are interpreted in the light of SI theorising. The extent to which the participants describe themselves as actively ‘in charge’ of their experiences or as passively influenced by ‘brainwashing’ is argued to be related to the varying ways in which they construct their sense of self. In addition, a detailed conceptualisation of the way in which the experience of NRM affiliation and disaffiliation may contribute to the development of stronger sense of personal autonomy or an increased ability to connect to others is developed. By linking micro and macro analysis of the self, the current study contributes to theorising on the way in which the participants in this study personally negotiated NRM membership as well as the significance of NRMs and the understanding of self and identity more broadly.
46
Goudet, Anna. "Le drame social du travail d'escorte indépendante à Montréal". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11320.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce mémoire vise à retracer les carrières des escortes indépendantes montréalaises et les tensions qui les traversent, afin de rendre compte de la complexité du « drame social » que constitue cette activité. Nos résultats montrent que cette profession présente de nombreuses similarités avec d’autres professions, en même temps que sa position particulière dans une matrice sociale stigmatisante et dans une relation de service intime lui confère toute sa singularité.
Partie de la question « Comment commence-t-on et poursuit-on dans l’activité d’escorte, alors que celle-ci est stigmatisée ? », nous avons réalisé une enquête de terrain auprès d’escortes indépendantes, composée essentiellement de sept entrevues approfondies et de l’observation de leur environnement professionnel informatisé. Nous avons décidé de nous écarter du débat actuel, tant scientifique que militant, qui divise sur le sujet du travail du sexe. Notre cadre conceptuel est, dans un perspective interactionniste, à la croisée des sociologies des professions, de la déviance et du stigmate. Nous rendons compte de nos résultats sous la forme de quatre actes, afin de poursuivre la métaphore théâtrale engagée par Hughes, qui suivent les étapes d’une carrière d’escorte et qui mettent l’accent sur leur complexité intrinsèque. Ces étapes sont ancrées dans une ambivalence entre un effort de professionnalisation de leur pratique et une tentative de rester dans la norme en se distanciant de cette activité. Cette ambivalence, causée par la matrice sociale dans laquelle évoluent ces escortes et à l’intimité des relations de service, contribue à la pérennité de la stigmatisation de cette activité.This master’s thesis aims to recount the careers of Montreal independent escorts and the tensions they encountered to expose the complexity of the "social drama" of this occupation. Our results show how the profession of escort presents numerous similarities with other professions while having a particular position on a stigmatizing social matrix and being characterised by an intimate relation of service that confers it its peculiarity. The question: "how do we begin and pursue the escorting occupation despite its propensity for stigmatization?" as a starting point, we carried out a field survey with independent escorts. Seven in-depth interviews were conducted and their computerized professional environment was observed. We decided to stay away from the current scientific and militant debate on sex work. Our theoretical frame is a fine balance between the sociologies of the professions, deviance and stigma, in an interactionist perspective. We report our results in four acts to pursue the theatrical metaphor brought by Hughes. The acts retrace the stages of the escorting career and emphasize on their intrinsic complexity. The escorts are caught in an ambivalence between an effort of professionalization of their occupation and an attempt to stay in the norm by distance themselves from this practice. This ambivalence is caused by the stigmatization that characterizes the social matrix where the escorts evolve and by the intimacy of their professional relationship. It contributes to a certain extent to the continued stigmatization of their own occupation.
47
McLuhan, Arthur. "Dealing Drugs: Careers of Involvement, Subcultural Life-worlds, and Marketplace Exchanges". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4777.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis is an ethnography of drug dealers. Working from a Chicago School Symbolic Interactionist approach (Mead, 1934; Blumer, 1969), nineteen interviews were conducted with current and former drug dealers. I inquired into their careers (initial involvements, continuities,
disinvolvements, reinvolvements) of participation in selling drugs. The data analysis is primarily located in three chapters – Chapters Five, Six, and Seven. Chapter Five considers people’s involvements in selling drugs as well as dealers’ interpersonal exchanges with their customers.
In particular three processes are considered in Chapter Five: initial involvements in drug sales,expanding the customer base, and making sales. Chapter Six discusses dealers’ relationships with suppliers as well as dealers who become involved in supplying activities. This chapter discusses the matters of: making contacts with suppliers, working with suppliers, and becoming suppliers. Chapter Seven examines some of the identity allures and problematics of being a drug dealer as well as instances of disinvolvement and reinvolvement in drug dealing. This includes considerations of: striving for respectability, encountering regulatory agencies, and the problematics of disentanglement.
48
Bihan, Alain Christophe. "Un cadre d’analyse interactionniste pour éclairer le rapport entre la formation et l’insertion professionnelle des candidats à l’enseignement au Québec". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11884.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce mémoire est une recherche théorique qui tire son origine du constat selon lequel il est difficile d’analyser la réalisation du projet professionnel des candidats à l’enseignement. Tel est le cas en raison des particularités contextuelles et des pluralités théoriques relatives aux notions de formation et d’insertion. À partir de ce constat, ce mémoire propose un cadre d’analyse permettant de comprendre comment les jeunes enseignants du Québec appréhendent le « rapport entre » leur formation et leur insertion face aux différentes contraintes (i.e. rigidité du système institutionnel de la formation, marché de l’insertion fluctuant et saturé, etc.) et aux ressources disponibles (i.e. programme d’études, cours, etc.) pour réaliser leur projet professionnel. Il repose sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle, pour réaliser leur projet professionnel, les candidats à l’enseignement mobilisent des stratégies afin de négocier les contraintes et ressources de leurs contextes respectifs. Dans cette optique, la démarche de cette recherche théorique s’inscrit dans une perspective interactionniste, telle qu’elle est véhiculée par la tradition de Chicago (Chapoulie, 2001). Quelques postulats sont mobilisés pour baliser les différentes étapes d’élaboration du cadre d’analyse.
Le premier postulat considère que le « point de vue » de l’acteur est prépondérant pour comprendre ses conduites (Morrissette, Guignon & Demaziére, 2011). Cela amène à articuler les ancrages théoriques nécessaires à l’élaboration du cadre d’analyse en croisant une sociologie interactionniste avec une sociologie de l’action. Plus particulièrement, les concepts de « définition de la situation » de Thomas (1923) et de la « représentation de soi » de Goffman (1969) sont mis à profit. Les notions de coopération, d’incertitude et de rationalité, tirées du modèle de l’acteur stratégique de Crozier et Friedberg (1981), viennent compléter les assises de la modélisation d’une trame de négociation (Strauss & Baszanger, 1992).
Le deuxième postulat considère que les contextes, sont prépondérants pour expliquer les conduites humaines (Abbott, 1999). Ces contextes, dits «éloignés» et «rapprochés» de l’acteur, constituent le « contexte d’action » (Strauss & Baszanger, 1992). Ce faisant, ils influent sur les stratégies mobilisées par l’acteur candidat à l’enseignement.
Le troisième postulat considère que le monde social est animé par des processus (re)créés au travers des interactions entre acteurs (Morrissette & Guignon, 2014). Il amène à envisager la formation et l’insertion comme des processus sujets à des redéfinitions continues. Cela conduit à repenser la réalisation du projet professionnel des candidats à l’enseignement sous l’angle du « rapport entre ».
Ces trois postulats structurent le cadre d’analyse qui se présente comme une « trame de négociation ». Il est développé pour éventuellement éclairer les stratégies de négociation mobilisées en contexte par les candidats québécois à l’enseignement pour réaliser leur projet professionnel.This thesis is a theoretical research that originated from the observation that it is difficult to analyze the completion of the professional project of Quebec teacher candidates. This is the case because of the contextual features and theoretical plurality of concepts relating to training and workplace insertion. From this observation, this purpose thesis is to develop an analytical framework to understand how Quebec teacher candidates comprehend the “relationship between” their training and professional insertion with regards to various constraints (i.e. a rigid institutional training system, a fluctuating and saturated professional market, etc.) and the available resources (i.e. curriculum, courses, etc..) to achieve their professional project. It is based on the assumption that, to achieve their professional project, teacher candidates mobilize strategies to negotiate constraints and resources in their respective contexts. Accordingly, the approach of the theoretical research is part of an interactionist perspective as conveyed by the tradition of Chicago (Chapoulie, 2001); Some postulates are mobilized to mark out the various stages of development of the theoretical framework. The first postulate considers that the point of view of the actor is paramount to understanding its conduits (Morrissette, Guignon & Demazière, 2011). It leads to articulate the theoretical anchorings necessary for the development of the analytical framework by combining an interactionist sociology with a sociology of action. More specifically, the concepts of “definition of the situation” from Thomas (1923) and “representation of oneself” from Goffman (1969) are utilized. The concepts of cooperation, uncertainty and rationality drawn from the strategic actor model of Crozier and Friedberg (1981), come to supplement the foundations of the modeling of a frame of negotiation (Strauss & Baszanger, 1992). The second postulate considers that the contexts are paramount to explain human conduits (Abbott, 1999). These contexts, which are identified as distant contexts and closer contexts to the actor (Strauss & Baszanger, 1992), provide the action context. In doing so, they influence the strategies used by the actor teacher candidate. The third postulate considers that the social world is driven by processes recreated through the interaction between actors (Morrissette & Guignon, 2014). It takes into consideration that training and integration are subject to the continuous redefinition process. Accordingly, it is about rethinking the achievement of the professional project of teacher candidates in terms of the “relationship between”. These three postulates structure the presentation of an analytical framework that is called a “frame of negotiation”. It is developed to possibly inform the strategies of negotiation mobilized by Quebec teacher candidates in the action context to achieve their professional projects.
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Rothmann, Jacques. "(De)constructing the heterosexual/homosexual binary : the identity construction of gay male academics and students in South African tertiary education / Jacques Rothmann". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13413.
Abstract (sommario):
Considered as the ―...central organizing method‖ (Fuss, 1991:1) in terms of gender and sexual orientation particularly in the Western world, the heterosexual/homosexual binary, emphasises the centrality of ―compulsory heterosexuality‖ (Rich, 1993:227) in the everyday lives of social and sexual actors. In doing this, homosexuality is not only differentiated from heterosexuality, but may rather be ‗banished‘ to a lower and subordinate stratum of so-called sexual ―respectability‖ (Rubin, 1993:13). Using it as a point of departure, this particular sociological inquiry sought to critically explore the influence of a binary logic on the identity construction of gay male academics and students in South African tertiary education. This study provides an in-depth qualitative discussion of the lived experiences of these men on university campuses in order to redress the limited focus on the subject matter in South African sociology. Informed by the metatheoretical principles of phenomenology and central features of a symbolic interactionist methodology, three specific subthemes guided the research. These included the rationalisation of sexual orientation, self-reflexivity and, as my inductive contribution, a consideration of the deprofessionalisation and/or professionalisation of the gay male academic identity in South African higher education. In adopting Jackson and Scott‘s (2010) conceptualisation of the rationalisation of sexuality, the study sought to explore its role in the identity construction of gay men through, amongst others, ―sexual scripting‖ (Gagnon & Simon, 1973), ―doing gender‖ (West & Zimmerman, 2002), ―using gender‖ (Johnson, 2009) as well as ―doing gay‖ (Dowsett et al., 2008), to (de)construct a ―gay sensibility‖ (cf. Seidman, 2002a) within and between their private and professional contexts. Secondly, such negotiation of their homosexual ―performativity‖ (Butler, 1990) presupposed an undeniable degree of ―reflexiveness‖ (cf. Mead, 1962) on the part of the gay male, to adhere to the expectations of other individuals in a specific social context. Given the findings from a thematic analysis of fifteen (15) in-depth interviews with academics and seven (7) with students, as well as two (2) self-administered questionnaires completed by academics and seventeen (17) by students, the influence of heteronormativity, heterosexism and homophobia, was again reiterated. The participants mostly opted to professionalise their gay male identities (thus differentiate between their private and academic gay male identity), regardless of the fact that their narratives reflected an internal diversity, plurality and potentially non-subordinate otherness, akin to Plummer‘s (1998b) reference to ―homosexualities‖ rather than only one homogenised version of ‗homosexuality‘. Their choice to do so was attributed to a conscious effort to either ‗pass‘ as heterosexual, assimilate into the dominant sexual and gendered culture of the
campus, or conform to a stereotypical gay performance in homosexually-segregated academic departments because of anxiety, fear or shame. As such, the potential of mastering an uncategorised ‗queer‘ inclination in tertiary education, becomes all the more difficult, if not improbable.PhD (Sociology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Wladyniak, Ludmila Maria. "Paměť v pohraničí. Studie kolektivní paměti na území bývalého Východního Pruska v Polsku a v Sudetech v České republice". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405061.
Abstract (sommario):
Collective memory has recently become one of the most explored topics in the social sciences and has led to the emergence of a separate and independent subdiscipline called memory studies. The thesis investigates the awakening of collective memory in two borderlands of Central Europe: the former Sudetes region in the Czech Republic and the southern part of former East Prussia in Poland. The thesis provides an overview of the current theories about collective memory with a focus on the interactional and visual character of the studied phenomenon. In line with this, the thesis presents, discusses, and elaborates on research conducted in the two borderlands in 2016 and 2017. The aim of the research was to study the role and form of collective memory (shared remembrance) in ethnic, cultural, and historical borderlands. The contributions of the thesis are both methodological and theoretical. Firstly, the discussed research revealed that between particularly family-based communicative memory and official, institution-generated cultural memory, there is ritualised communicative memory, maintained through interactions among members of the borderland community (community of memory). Secondly, the thesis contributes to various studies within the interactionist paradigm and proves the usability of Goffman's...