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Risyadi, Irfan, Dewi Kurniati e Anita Suharyani. "The Effect of Motivation and Discipline Culture Optimalization on Worker’s Work Performance in Buana Tunas Sejahtera Company (Inc.) Kapuas Hulu Regency". SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 14, n. 2 (31 maggio 2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2020.v14.i02.p10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nowadays, many companies in Indonesia are running in the plantation field. Buana Tunas Sejahtera Company (Inc.) is a palm oil company in West Borneo Province that working under the Kencana Group. This company was organized by leaders, directors, managers, manager assistants, foremen, clerks, permanent workers, and freelance workers. The worker’s work performance in this company was slightly low due to their worker’s low motivation and discipline. This study aimed to know the method to improve the workers’ work performance in Buana Tunas Sejahtera Company (Inc.), Kapuas Hulu Regency. This was a descriptive quantitative study employing an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) done by software namely Expert Choice 11. There were 100 workers chosen by the purposive sampling technique participated in this study. The result showed that the key point in dealing with the worker's work performance issue was meeting their social need, while improving their salary was a key point in dealing with the motivation issue. Building the worker's responsibility was playing an important role in improving the discipline culture. The company needs to improve the worker’s motivation by conducting training sessions, increasing worker’s salaries during the overtime hours, and giving more motivation to their workers. To improve the discipline culture, the company needs to use clear and firm rules to enforce the proper and accountable behavior among the worker.
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Budayová, Zuzana, Michal Svoboda, Marek Kóša, Catalina Tudose e Irma Igorevna Molchanova. "Lifelong Learning and Development for Social Workers". Journal of Education Culture and Society 13, n. 2 (27 settembre 2022): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.2.359.368.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim. In the paper, the authors demonstrate the influence of the education and educational level of social workers on the quality of social work as a profession that helps people in unfavorable situation. They point to the importance of lifelong learning, which is essential for advancing the knowledge and competences of social workers in practice. Concept. Lifelong education for social workers is currently a necessity for their functioning not only on the basis of the rapid, dynamic changes in their problems and social clients, but also for rapid and dynamic changes in the use of methods and techniques of social work. Method. The study deals with the educational development of employees in the profession of social worker. It defines and identifies forms of continuous education of social workers, which can have different methods and which can result in different competencies of a social worker. Results. The study confirms that the lifelong learning of social workers requires constant access to support and information about education, but also to set opportunities and thus facilitate access to the education of social workers. It is necessary to realise that the competences of the social worker must be in accordance with the education that the social worker has. Conclusion. The scientific articles and contributions that we offer in this study point to lifelong learning, which has the effect of expanding the possibilities of a social worker’s work with several types of clients, increases his competences and thus acquires a lot of knowledge and skills that are subsequently applied in practice.
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Borho, Linda Natalie, Wenche Hovland e Sarah Hean. "Young, unaccompanied refugees’ expectations of social workers and social worker roles". Journal of Comparative Social Work 18, n. 1 (6 giugno 2023): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v18i1.388.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Young people who have travelled to another country, unaccompanied and with refugee status, are a both resilient and vulnerable group with specific needs. Supporting them is often challenging for social workers, and providing this support is mediated by the expectations that these young people have of social workers and social worker roles. Aim: In this study, we explore how young unaccompanied refugees (YURs) perceive the roles of social workers in the national context of Norway, where concerns about the quality of social work for this group have been highlighted. Method: Using the theoretical lens of role theory, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Afghan boys between 16 and 23 years of age, living under the protection of the Child Welfare Services (CWS) in two municipalities in Norway. The interviews explored the boys’ positive and negative experiences of the social worker. A thematic analysis was conducted, in which the coding framework was informed by the premise that actual experience informs our expectations of other individuals’ behaviour and roles. Findings: YURs’ expectations are more than instrumental, and more than a task they expect the social worker to perform. They also expect the task to be performed in a person-centred, therapeutic alliance (e.g. with humour and trust), and that the social worker exhibits particular personal characteristics or competences, besides being culturally competent and sensitive. Conclusion: We find that YURs’ descriptions of the social worker’s roles of being a caregiver and practical helper are similar to what other young people in contact with the CWS expect. However, YURs expect an additional role, which is specific to this field of social work, namely that of an integration helper. However, the expectations that each individual young person has of social workers are individual, in flux and contextual, and not consistent over time. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing learning more about the young person’s individual expectations of the social worker roles, as well as a useful weighting of these roles for each individual young refugee.
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Hessenauer, Sarah, e Charles Zastrow. "Becoming a Social Worker: BSW Social Workers' Educational Experiences". Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2013): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/basw.18.1.lv0g0h687704211t.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this exploratory qualitative study, researchers examined key educational experiences bachelor- level social workers identified as being most helpful in transitioning to current social work careers. Twenty students from CSWE- accredited social work programs, having worked in a social work agency for a minimum of 4 months, voluntarily participated. The researchers conducted one- on- one interviews in which social workers were asked to describe educational experiences and beliefs that supported their transition to careers in social work. The data from these interviews were coded to identify themes to aid educators in examining variables significant in the education of future social workers. These themes include learning occurring in social work courses, self- awareness, learning in the field, and learning from others.
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Yasir, Al, Muhammad Izzul Haq, Sukron Ma’mun e Fitri Nur Aini Prasetyo. "Legal Politics of Social Workers Law as an Advocacy Effort of Social Workers". Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum 12, n. 1 (10 agosto 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/sh.v12i1.2929.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the organizer of the realization of social welfare, the state has not been able to optimally overcome social changes, which have an impact on increasing the number and complexity of social welfare problems. With the arguments of humanity and the principle of mutual cooperation, some parties help the government, then are called social workers. To ensure their existence, social worker organizations in Indonesia initiated the formation of the Law on the Social Worker Profession. Law Number 14 of 2019 concerning Social Workers was formed. After the birth of this Law, some questions emerged whether the Law provided solutions to the problems faced by social workers in assisting social welfare, or with this Law, the state would be out of hand and emphasize the resolution of social problems to social workers. This study described the legal political conditions for forming this Law. This study answered the politics of the formation of Law Number 14 of 2019 and the challenges for Social Workers in Indonesia after the birth of the Law. Answering those problems, this study used—statute approach, historical approach, and conceptual approach, strengthened by some literature related to Law and social workers. Besides that, this study also used protection theory to assess the Law. This study also compared some regulations in some countries regarding social workers in some cases. In short, this study found that the strong historical background, the long existence of social workers in Indonesia, and the need for legal protection and certainty have become the reason for establishing Law No. 14, 2019. However, after the birth of the Law, challenges arose for social workers where their actualization was not easy and limited according to their profession and education. In addition, it is alleged that the Law could lead to malpractice because there are no sanctions. While in Australia, and USA, social worker laws give more space for social worker.
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Horwitz, Mark. "Social worker trauma: Building resilience in child protection social workers". Smith College Studies in Social Work 68, n. 3 (giugno 1998): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377319809517536.
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Perry, Robin E. "Do Social Workers Make Better Child Welfare Workers Than Non–Social Workers?" Research on Social Work Practice 16, n. 4 (luglio 2006): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731505279292.
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Kagan, Maya, e Michal Itzick. "The Effect of Gender and Stigma on the Self-Reported Likelihood of Seeking Social Workers’ Help by Social Workers versus Non Social Workers". British Journal of Social Work 50, n. 2 (27 gennaio 2020): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcaa004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The current study examines the likelihood of seeking social workers’ help by social workers compared with non-social workers, taking into consideration their gender and the prevalence of stigma attached to seeking social workers' help. Data collection utilised structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 802 participants, of whom 355 were social workers and 447 non-social workers. The findings indicate that social workers, regardless of their gender, reported a higher likelihood than non-social workers of seeking help from social workers. Female social workers reported a higher likelihood of seeking social workers’ help than male social workers. High levels of stigma were associated with a lower likelihood of seeking social worker help regardless of the respondents’ gender or professional status. The current study highlights the importance of social workers’ professional socialisation with regard to seeking social workers’ help, with a special emphasis on raising male social workers’ awareness of the importance of seeking help. In addition, the study emphasises that the general public is less likely than social workers to seek social workers' help, regardless of gender, and that stigma is a barrier to seeking help. Implications for the practice of social workers are discussed.
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Urniežienė, Daiva, e Lina Garšvė. "DECISION-MAKING PECULIARITIES OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTIONS". PROFESSIONAL STUDIES: THEORY AND PRACTICE 28, n. 1 (22 aprile 2024): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56131/pstp.2024.28.1.242.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The peculiarities of decision-making by social workers in social care institutions are analyzed in the article. It introduces how social workers cope with delicate and socially sensitive situations according to the clients, of social care institutions, welfare. Ethical commitments and empathy of social workers, personal indications of client’s needs and objectives, are emphasized in the research. When a social worker is a team member and collaborates with other specialists, the interdisciplinary aspect of decision-making is indicated in the article.
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Mendes, Sara, e Sónia Guadalupe. "Social work in public schools: Ratios of students per social worker in Portugal". Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social 5, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2019.5.1.107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim: This research estimates the ratio of students per social worker in public schools in Portugal. Methods: Documentary analysis was used to collect data following three steps, with specific criteria: 1) official documentary sources were first used to identify the schools that allow hiring social workers; 2) evidence was collected of their employability in the institutional webpage of each school; 3) a database was built, at the national and regional level for continental Portugal. Results: One hundred and twelve social workers have been identified in a universe of 811 public schools (grouped and ungrouped schools). The national ratio social worker/students in all schools of continental Portugal was 1:12,086, varying between 1:8,753 and 1:22,237. The ratio in the schools that have social worker(s) was 1:1,394, varying between 1:1,210 and 1:1,768, depending on the region. Conclusions: School social workers are very residual in the public school, highlighting alarming and unequal territorial ratios social worker-students. The results make clear the disinvestment in the profession and its aims in the education field. These results call on national and European organizations of social workers to recommend ratios of students per social worker, requiring a major investment in this crucial area of social intervention.
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Holosko, Michael J. "Why Don't Social Workers Make Better Child Welfare Workers Than Non–Social Workers?" Research on Social Work Practice 16, n. 4 (luglio 2006): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731505283509.
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Benassi, David, Teresa Bertotti, Annamaria Campanini e Paolo Rossi. "Social work and social workers in Italy". Trabajo Social Global-Global Social Work 11 (22 luglio 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/tsg-gsw.v11.20913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article tackles the characteristics of social work in Italy, focusing on some specific features of this professional domain within the broader frame of the Italian welfare system. Indeed, given the historical roots of Italian welfare regime and the model of governance of policies, social assistance benefits and services are the less developed component of welfare provisions. This is one of the reasons for the late full acknowledgement and regulation of the social worker at the national level. In the first part of the article, we present the development of social work in Italy, with particular attention to the creation of academic courses and the formal regulation as a profession. Then we present the current situation of social work and social workers in Italy, taking into consideration the weakness of social assistance and the effects of the financial crisis. In fact, the crises had an impact on the dimensions and composition of vulnerable population, which is more and more large and fragmented, putting a growing pressure on social workers. At the same time, because fiscal austerity, resources for welfare benefits have been reduced in these years, changing the organizational settings and worsening the working conditions of social workers.
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Ryu, Hee Jun, Ye Na Jo, Won Jun Lee, Ji Won Cheong, Boo Yong Moon e Young Dae Ko. "An Effective Staff Scheduling for Shift Workers in Social Welfare Facilities for the Disabled". Algorithms 16, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16010041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The efficient management of social worker personnel is important since it involves a huge portion in its operations. However, the burnout and turnover rates of social workers are very high, which is due to dissatisfaction with the irregular and unequal schedules, despite the continuous improvement in the treatment of social workers and the enactment of work-related legislation in Korea. This means that changes in policy do not significantly contribute to improving worker satisfaction, which shows the necessity of the strategies to prevent the turnover of workers. Therefore, this study aims to propose a strategy for the staff scheduling of workers that considers the fairness in the shift distribution among workers and the individual preference for shift work by using the linear programming. A survey about the preferences for shift work is conducted that targeted the employees of a welfare facility in Korea to enhance the practicality of the model. The effectiveness and applicability of the developed mathematical model are verified by deriving a deterministic schedule for a worker via the system parameters that were obtained based on the survey and the rules of the welfare facility in the numerical experiment. Compared to the conventional schedule, the derived schedule shows an improvement in the deviations in the number of shifts workers and a reflection of the personal preferences. This can raise the social worker’s satisfaction, which will decrease intention on burnouts and turnover. It will consequently facilitate on managing human resources in welfare facilities.
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Zaitseva, Irina A., e Alexander E. Krikunov. "Social workers in Russia: an assessment of occupational burnout as part a social portrait". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, n. 3 (29 agosto 2021): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-62202021731354p.657-664.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article objective was to identify the level of professional burnout and its assessment with reference to a set of social and professional characteristics of social workers in Russia. The research novelty was in considering burnout as part of the social worker’s established image. The authors proceeded from the assumption that social worker occupation, which involves direct contact with people in difficult life situations, is obviously one of the most conducive to the development of an occupational burnout syndrome, and it is perceived in society this way. Low wages, combined with a significant emotional stress, act as factors contributing to the employee’s professional disorganization. Nevertheless, as it was found in the study, in the specific conditions of Russia, the general characteristics of social workers presuppose not only a desire to continue professional activity in the chosen specialty, but also a relatively low percentage of people with a high degree of occupational burnout.
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Ezell, Mark. "Advocacy Practice of Social Workers". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, n. 1 (gennaio 1994): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The author presents empirical information on the extent and nature of advocacy activity among a random sample of social workers. Almost all employed social workers in the sample performed both job-related and volunteer advocacy. They averaged less than five hours per week of on-the-job advocacy and less than one hour per week of volunteer advocacy. Agency goals and functions as well as job characteristics strongly influence the amount of job-related advocacy a social worker does. As a rule, social workers tend to be involved in case advocacy while at work and class advocacy while volunteering. Social workers were case oriented in their advocacy for or with their clients and were inclined to use approaches internal to their agency. An advocacy research agenda is recommended.
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Sahoo, Saroj Kumar, Anatolii O. Zadoia, Valavadra Sahu e Sandhyarani Sahoo. "RESILIENCE FACTORS IN SALES WORKERS: SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS, SOCIAL CHANGE, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT". Academic Review 1, n. 60 (gennaio 2024): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Employee of any organization starts his/her recognitions from the society that ultimately reach the organization, where he/she earns the livelihood. So, the resiliency of an employee (sales-force of any commercial organization in this study) should be understood on the touch-points of salesemployee with society. On this context, the main purpose of this study is to explore the strategic relationships of social communication, social change, and social engagement of the sales-employees to build the concerned employees’ resiliency. With the descriptive research design, this research-work is intended to study the above said relationship by extensive literature review. Major outcomes of this study refer that social communication in varying level makes the employee of an organization engage with the social activities and simultaneously develop the psychological adjustment of the concerned sales-employee towards social change. Finally, the social engagement and self-accommodation to the social change build the resilient sales-force of the concerned retail organization. A conceptual model is developed that justifies the above outcomes, which is the major contribution or novelty of this study. Thus, the industrial implication of the said outcomes is that any commercial organization should develop the social orientation of their sales-force by developing their social communication continuously, which in turn enables the concerned sales-employees for better adoptability to any social changes, for insulate themselves for adverse social (market) conditions, and for productive social engagement in the marketing orientations. The said causal relationship ultimate give the return to the organization in the form of resilient sales-force. And, social implication refers that the society will be aware of the truth regarding the functioning of sales-functions of organization in the context of social contribution of those organizations.
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Bailey, Linda. "Social Workers: Managing". Agenda, n. 33 (1997): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4066138.
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Himmelfarb, C. P. "Retired Social Workers". Social Work 45, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2000): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/45.5.472.
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Mallinger, Gayle, Saundra Starks e Kirsten Tarter. "Women Social Workers". Affilia 32, n. 1 (27 luglio 2016): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109916647766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research continues to demonstrate that female social workers earn less than their male counterparts and experience significant barriers to professional advancement. Yet, little has been written about factors promoting women’s progress within the structural barriers that disadvantage women social workers. The combination of ethic of care, risk and resilience, and ecological theories informs the conceptual model outlined in this article. This model provides a roadmap for understanding national and organizational impediments to the success of women social workers and offers strategies for empowering women in the profession in the United States. Social work practitioners and administrators must engage in frank discussions about sexism, nurture leadership skills, and advocate for the elimination of gender discrimination and for the promotion of equal opportunity in social service organizations.
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Fong, E., E. Dolman, M. Gomez e R. Cartotto. "Burn Unit Social Workers are not Trauma Unit Social Workers!" Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 24 (marzo 2003): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200303002-00124.
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Lazar, Amnon, e Pauline Irit Erera. "Social Worker Supervision with Novice and Experienced Workers". Journal of Social Service Research 21, n. 3 (16 luglio 1996): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v21n03_04.
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Nurlanova, S. S. "Professional values of a social worker". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PEDAGOGY. PSYCHOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY Series 146, n. 1 (2024): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6895-2024-146-1-396-409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study of professional values of a social worker is currently one of the topical problems. In the article qualitative analysis of foreign literature of XX-XXI centuries is carried out for comparative analysis of features of professional values of a social worker and its differences from personal values, nature of professional values, responsibility and accountability, value orientations of a social worker. The development of social-emotional skills of social workers, assimilation and strengthening of necessary ethical, aesthetic and emotional values are among the most important activities in this field. This study revealed the following: special importance is given to the formation of desired behavioral, personal, and professional values in accordance with professional standards of social work experience; to date, scientific works in the field of studying and understanding the emotional component and values of a social worker are insufficient; studies of social workers' values are divided into two categories: studies related to the values of social workers and social workers' socialization with the profession of social work. The purpose of this paper is to study the scientific literature to determine the roles and values adopted by social work professionals. The object of the study is a set of professional values of a social worker.
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Spicka, Mark E. "Guest Workers, Social Order, and West German Municipalities, 1960–7". Journal of Contemporary History 54, n. 3 (11 ottobre 2018): 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418793516.
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This article examines the response of West German cities and their main political pressure group, the Deutsche Städtetag (DST, The German Council of Municipalities) to the arrival of guest workers between 1960–7. It argues that unlike the federal government, almost all city authorities quickly understood that a portion of the guest workers would remain permanently in West Germany. As a result, the DST and most cities called for some form of guest worker integration already by the early 1960s. Although often expressing humanitarian concern for the guest workers, the cities framed guest worker integration in terms of limiting costs, preserving social order, and maintaining control over the guest workers. In their discussions on guest worker integration, West German cities racialized the guest workers from southern Europe by maintaining a hierarchy of difference with an assumption that the guest workers would never become fully German.
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Alotaibi, Nouf. "The Role of Preventive Approach of Social Work to Prevent the Risks of Intellectual Deviation among University Students". Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Social Sciences 13, n. 4 (28 dicembre 2021): 136–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ss28684408.
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Social workers are an important part of the efforts to combat intellectual deviation among young people in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted on 102 social workers to examine the social worker's actual role (the practitioner) in protecting university students from the dangers of intellectual deviation by identifying the actual practice roles and the challenges they face in three public universities in Saudi Arabia. The study concluded that social workers play many roles to protect students from intellectual deviation, the most important of which is to develop critical thinking among students to think soundly. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that training female students on cultural openness and interest in consolidating identity was one of the least practiced roles in this field. The social worker faces many obstacles in exercising the preventive role, the most important of which is the lack of a media plan to clarify the role of the university social worker in protecting female students from the dangers of intellectual deviation. The second obstacle is the social workers' lack of sufficient skill in changing students' ideas and concepts. In addition, to the students' lack of awareness of the nature of the role played by the social worker when practicing the preventive approach to confront intellectual extremism. The study suggests focusing on cultural sensitivity in exercising the preventive role in combating intellectual extremism among young people and presenting several strategies that contribute to the development of social work in this field.
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Cini, A., R. Branconi, S. Patalano, R. Cervo e S. Sumner. "Behavioural and neurogenomic responses of host workers to social parasite invasion in a social insect". Insectes Sociaux 67, n. 2 (maggio 2020): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-020-00765-6.
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Abstract The strong coevolutionary arms race between social parasites and their hosts has dramatically shaped the life-history traits of both parties. One of the main strategies exhibited by hosts in response to parasitism is reproduction by host workers. We lack a mechanistic understanding of how these defence strategies unfold and, specifically, whether hosts exhibit more subtle strategies to reduce the costs of parasitism from the outset. Here we test the hypothesis that there are both behavioural and neurogenomic signatures of worker responses to parasitism, prior to overt expression in the form of egg-laying; we test this using the social parasite—social host system of the paper wasps Polistes sulcifer-Polistes dominula. We characterized individual workers’ position within the social interaction network of queenright and host colonies immediately after parasite usurpation, weeks before the workers’ reproductive rebellion is evident. Parasitism influenced network centrality measures, with workers in parasitized colonies showing increased connectedness and centrality compared to those in unparasitized ones. Next, we quantified brain gene expression levels for five genes related to physiological and behavioural phenotypes in Polistes wasps. The gene Imaginal disc growth factor (Idgf4), thought to be responsive to changes in the social environment, was significantly down-regulated in workers from parasitized colonies; this may be an indication that parasitized workers are anticipating a shift toward a less worker-like phenotype in preparation for their reproductive rebellion. Our results provide the first evidence of early behavioural and neurogenomic responses of host workers toward the presence of an inquiline social parasite in a social insect.
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Staniforth, Barbara, Kelsey L. Deane e Liz Beddoe. "Comparing public perceptions of social work and social workers’ expectations of the public view". Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, n. 1 (8 luglio 2016): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss1id112.
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INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have explored public perception of social work and social workers. There is little written about what social workers think about how they, and the profession of social work, are viewed by the public. This article explores the views of a sample of social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand about their beliefs around the public perception of social work and social workers.AIMS: This article aims to explore social worker views on the public perception of social work, and then compares these findings with a previous study which looked at the public perception of social workers.METHODOLOGY: An online survey was conducted with 403 social workers from the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Work, which asked them about their perceptions on how social work and social workers are viewed by the public. The results are then compared to a previous telephone survey, which asked 386 members of the public their views on social work and social workers.FINDINGS: Results demonstrate that the social workers generally had a poorer impression of what the public believed in most areas, compared to what the public had indicated in the prior study.CONCLUSION: Social workers, social work professional bodies and social work educators need to be proactive in promoting accurate information about social work and what social workers do.
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McAreavy, Ruth. "Seasonal worker schemes: can they achieve social". Europa XXI 37 (2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.37.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seasonal workers are increasingly being used globally to provide a short-term workforce, filling positions in the labour market that are often difficult, dirty and shunned by native born workers. Seasonal schemes are promoted in typically economic terms, offering a triple win where the host society gains from flexible labour; the sending country benefits from remittances and skill transfers; and migrants themselves gain from access to the labour market. However, they have been found to support the uneven economic participation of workers in global production processes and they typically marginalise workers socially. Drawing from examples elsewhere and using Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional perspective of social justice (2005), this article examines the prospect for developing socially just seasonal work programmes. It is logical that most societies seek to promote seasonal worker schemes that allow workers to be treated according to the rules of justice. And yet, research has shown the exploitation of many different types of migrant workers. Following Fraser, the article asks to what extent recognition, redistribution and representation can be achieved through seasonal worker schemes? It identifies key issues for consideration if social justice is to be upheld.
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Agrawal, Utkarsh, e Shailja Agrawal. "Social Security for Domestic Workers in India". Socio-Legal Review 14, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/pgeq1552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Among all categories of the informal sector, the protection of domestic workers forms one of the biggest challenges to labour laws. The inherent subjugation involved in the work, along with the atypical nature of the work of domestic workers, makes them more vulnerable than other workers in the economy. The difficulties are associated with the work being performed within the household, primarily for non-commercial purposes. The work space, being a private space, makes regulation and implementation difficult. The lack of effective regulation and the extremely informal nature of the service render domestic workers without any basic protection. In the event of any economic uncertainty, they are left at the mercy of their employers. It is, therefore, essential to develop a system of social security that can afford adequate protection to domestic workers, with minimal state involvement in the affairs of the family. This paper seeks to provide suggestions for such a scheme, which is suited to the peculiar characteristics of domestic workers in India. It recognises that scattered and isolated schemes are insufficient to afford adequate protection to workers. The social security model suggested is a decentralised model where social security is integrated with other important concerns such as minimum wages, skill development, and increasing awareness and bargaining power of domestic workers. These suggestions have been made after undertaking an analysis of existing legal provisions for domestic workers in India and the best practices from various jurisdictions that have seen relative success in providing social security to domestic workers.
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POPOVA, A. S. "РОЛЬ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ У СИСТЕМІ ФАХОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: ДОСВІД КАНАДИ". Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 2, n. 2 (4 ottobre 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2021-1-2-50-62.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article reveals the role of social work professional organizations in the system of social workers professional development according to the Canadian experience. The activities of social work international organizations such as the International Federation of Social Workers and the International Association of Schools of Social Work - are studied. The organizational structure of professional organizations in the field of social work in Canada is defined, they include professional (national, territorial) and educational ones. The content and activities of national organizations in the field of social work, including the Canadian Association of Social Workers, the Canadian Board of Social Work Regulators and territorial organizations such as Alberta College of Social Workers, BC Association of Social Workers, the Manitoba College of Social Workers, the New Brunswick Association of Social Workers, New Foundland and Labrador Association of Social Workers, the Nova Scotia Social Workers 'Association, the Ontario Association of Social Workers, the Quebec Social Workers 'Order, the Saskatchewan Association of Social Workers, and their relationship with educational professional organizations. It is determined that the main tasks of social work professional organizations are to serve the interests of the public, raising the prestige of the profession and representing the interests of its members, providing support for training in social services, conducting research in social work, providing opportunities for professional growth of its members, dissemination of information for professionals in the field of social work. It is established that professional organizations in the field of social work in Canada are recognized to be a tool for achieving social justice by establishing the status of the «social worker» profession through compliance with high standards of professional activity quality and a mandatory system of professional development. Key words: social work, social worker, professional organization, professional development, Canada.
30
Lada, Anna. "Help and Support in the New Social Reality – Professional Expectations Towards Social Workers". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia 37, n. 1 (27 giugno 2024): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2024.37.1.233-246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Changes in social life have caused social work to evolve over recent years. Both the nature of work and the profile of a social welfare client have changed. Social workers are constantly faced with new challenges. They are expected to have a professional approach to the client. Increasingly, professionalism is evidenced not only by substantive knowledge, but also by the competences and personal resources of social work students. The aim of this study is to characterize the competences and resources of social workers in the context of challenges in helping others. The research problem is: What resources should characterize a social worker in the context of his/her work? The article was prepared based on the desk research method. The work of a social worker was placed in Znaniecki’s concept of social arrangements. The next parts of the article are a theoretical analysis of concepts related to human work, professional work and the professionalization of social work by paying particular attention to the competences and personal resources of people who want to pursue a professional career as a social worker. The values that should guide a social worker, developed by Kantowicz, were the basis for selecting the competences and personal resources of social workers described in the last part.
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André, Graça, e Isabel Vieira. "Social Work and Human Rights The training of Social Workers in the defence and realisation of Human Rights in social intervention". Revista Temas Sociais, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2022): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53809/ts_iss_2022_n.3_7-30.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social Work and Human Rights - "The training of Social Workers to defend and realize Human Rights in social intervention” The Global Agenda for Social Work organized a World Congress that took place in June 2022, with the theme "Co-Buildin a New Eco-Social World. Leaving no one Behind!". The goal and purpose of this summit is to create a Global Values Declaration. Faced with this challenge, this text aims to present some pillars of a formative proposal for Social Workers in Portugal as human rights professionals. We put here a set of considerations and proposals on the formation of Social Workers as human rights professionals structured in three parts: Social Work and Human Rights, guiding ethical principles, some theoretical references, methodological strategies such as political and pedagogical challenges, and considerations about Social Work and the next steps to action.
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Vilka, Lolita, e Irina Baha. "Prestige of social work as profession: Social worker's perspective". SHS Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185103006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Various studies show that the rating of the social workers profession is not very prestige in comparison with other professions. Often the leading motives why people choose to do social work are those guided by relative ideals, such as the desire to help people or to accomplish something socially significant not because of the prestige of profession. However, judgements about the occupational prestige in the wider community depend largely on the professional beliefs of social workers themselves and on how social workers themselves are positioning their profession. The focus of the authors of this article on the occupational prestige is analysed from the perspective of social workers in the sector. The study was carried out using a quantitative approach. In this study, the occupational prestige is considered in the context of symbolic capital. According to P. Bourdieu all forms of symbolic capital accumulates through relations of exchange The study results indicate that a significant part of the respondents feel the lack of authority and symbolic power. The symbolic capital in the form of professional capital is an essential factor of the authority and symbolic power of the social worker's profession, which, in turn, affects the occupational prestige in the society.
33
Jessen, Jorunn Theresia. "Job satisfaction and social rewards in the social services". Journal of Comparative Social Work 5, n. 1 (1 aprile 2010): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v5i1.51.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article investigates the sources of job satisfaction among practitioners and managers employed in the Norwegian public social services and the professionals´ perception of social rewards in particular. Being valued, receiving praise and positive feedback are considered to be important aspects of job satisfaction. Nevertheless the expertise and competence of social workers is not always acknowledged. A central question raised is whether the workers´ job satisfaction is influenced by their opportunities for support and recognition, compared to other (intrinsic and organisational) rewarding aspects available to social service workers. The empirical data come from a 2004 quantitative survey among social workers in local welfare agencies. Despite conflicting demands and lack of resources in the front line services, findings indicate that managers and practitioners perceive their work as overall equally satisfying. Still, the managers find their job more interesting and challenging due to their position, reporting higher feelings of accomplishment and control over work. Receiving public approval and co-worker support are positively associated with job satisfaction within both work positions, while superior support and client recognition were found to be significantly rewarding aspects to the practitioners only. The final discussion addresses the challenges for an organizational climate that sustain the worth and contribution of social professionals
34
Mattison, Debra, Srinika Jayaratne e Tom Croxton. "Social Workers’ Religiosity and Its Impact on Religious Practice Behaviors". Advances in Social Work 1, n. 1 (30 aprile 2000): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the impact of the social work practitioner’s religiosity on religious practice behaviors. A random sample of 1,278 social workers who possessed M.S.W. degrees, who provided direct services to clients and were members of NASW were surveyed regarding their personal religiosity. They were also asked about their views on the appropriateness of six Religion and Prayer in Practice behaviors. Variations in Religion and Prayer Practice behaviors were analyzed in relationship to the worker’s religiosity, race, gender and employing agency auspice. Regardless of all other factors, the more religious a worker is, the more likely a worker is to view religious and prayer activities in practice as appropriate professional behavior. Implications and recommendations regarding the integration of religion and spirituality in social work education and practice are discussed.
35
Leighninger, Leslie. "Social Workers and the Social Order". Journal of Progressive Human Services 10, n. 2 (giugno 1999): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j059v10n02_06.
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36
Sharkey, P. "Social Networks and Social Service Workers". British Journal of Social Work 19, n. 5 (1 ottobre 1989): 387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/19.5.387.
Testo completo
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Gutierrez-Mayka, Marcela, e J. Neil Henderson. "Social Work for Non-Social Workers". Journal of Gerontological Social Work 20, n. 1-2 (17 agosto 1993): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j083v20n01_09.
Testo completo
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Glumbíková, Kateřina. "Construction of Reflexivity in Social Workers Working with Vulnerable Children in the Czech Republic". European Journal of Social Sciences 4, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/412sof39r.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social work in the Czech Republic is confronted with the impact of global neoliberalism, which is manifested by privatisation of social services, individualisation of social risks and economisation. Reflexivity of social workers working with vulnerable children and their families has the potential to lead to a higher quality of social work, strengthening of social workers' identity, and empowering social workers to promote changes in everyday practice. Meeting this potential requires an understanding of constructing reflexivity by social workers, which is the objective of this paper. We used a qualitative research strategy, particularly group and individual interviews with social workers and their analysis using current approaches to grounded theory. Concerning data analysis, we found out that constructing reflexivity (nature and subject of reflexion) derives from the perceived roles of social workers (social worker as an ununderstood artist, social worker a as mediator between social and individual, social workers as an agent of a (society) change, social workers as an agent of normalisation and reflexive professional). The acquired data, within the situational analysis, was inserted into a position map on the scale of holistic and technical reflection. The conclusion discusses the implication for practice and education in social work.
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Nakamura, Takahiro, Motoya Takagi e Shinnosuke Usui. "Changes in Labor Accident Risk with Aging". Journal of Disaster Research 6, n. 2 (1 aprile 2011): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0253.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As we age, we change physically and mentally. As society ages, the birthrate decreases and the older worker’s social role increases in importance. The social role of the elderly is, however, threatened by the potential increase in age-related accidents. This research used 34,217 cases to explore and clarify the features of age-related accidents, classified by type, victim age –10 to 30s, 40 to 50s, and those aged 60 and over– and the number of absentee days due to accidents. Our results show that more time is needed for an older worker to return to the job after an accident than for a young worker. The importance of accident prevention for older workers is growing throughout industry. Ensuring such safety improves safety for workers of all ages. Issues involving age-related worker safety thus are related to the safety and well-being of workers of all generation.
40
Cao, Xinying, Peicheng Qin e Ping Zhang. "Knowledge Transfer Characteristics of Construction Workers Based on Social Network Analysis". Buildings 12, n. 11 (3 novembre 2022): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111876.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Effects of traditional training methods are not obvious when transferring competent knowledge to construction workers to allow them to deal with new technology and intelligent equipment. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge transfer paths and transfer characteristics within worker groups and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating new measures to improve knowledge and skills in worker groups. Firstly, we analyzed and verified the group characteristics of workers. Then, the social network analysis (SNA) method was used to study the knowledge transfer characteristics of worker groups, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) construction workers have obvious group closure and regional concentration, which have significant impacts on knowledge transfer; (2) team leaders are the core and authority of knowledge transfer within entire networks, so improving the knowledge and skills of team leaders has a significant impact on promoting the overall knowledge and skills of workers; (3) it is very difficult for expatriate technical instructors with high levels of education but no blood or geographical relationships with other workers to establish knowledge authority among workers; and (4) due to the large gaps in knowledge and skills among workers, one-way flows of knowledge occur easily within groups.
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Zaika, Vitalii, Alla Heta e Yevheniia Vyshar. "COMMUNICATIVE POTENTIAL OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS". Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», n. 1(48) (27 maggio 2021): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.148-152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article highlights the topical issue of communicative potential of future social workers in their professional activities. Modern requirements for a social worker require ablity to interact with various groups of clients: children, adolescents, youth, the elderly or people with special needs, deviant or delinquent behavior, addicted to psychoactive substances, victims of violence, war, natural disasters. disasters, prisoners, etc. Social workers must be able to communicate effectively with representatives of various target groups in the social sphere, in order to provide social services. They are become skilled for conflict-free communication, self-control, capable to empathize, to listen and prove point of view. All these professional competencies can be reflected as the communicative potential of a social worker. For the purpose of empirical research of communicative potential psychodiagnostic methods were applied: Diagnosis of the need for communication (U.Orlov), Can you listen? (E.Rogov), Study of the level of communicative control (M.Schneider), Identification of communicative and organizational skills (B.Fedoryshyn), Determining the behavioral style in a conflict situation (K.Thomas). Based on psychodiagnostic methods, it was found that future social workers have high indicators of communication needs, listening skills, level of communication control, level of communication skills and the predominance of average level of organizational skills. Among the styles of behavior in a conflict situation, the dominant are cooperation and compromise, which indicates a desire to meet the needs of the communication partner. The data indicate a high level of development of the communicative potential of future social workers and their readiness for professional activity in the chosen field.
42
Rogers, Brishen. "Social Media and Worker Organizing Under US Law". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 35, Issue 1 (1 marzo 2019): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2019006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, a number of important social movements have emerged and grown rapidly through social media. Against that backdrop, this essay considers the promise and limitations of social media as a tool for worker organizing under US law. On the one hand, social media is both a powerful tool of self-organization, and a powerful means of building public support for workers’ campaigns. US law also prohibits employers from retaliating against workers for such self-organization or public speech, which should encourage workers to organize via social media. On the other hand, that prohibition is often more formal than real, and US law makes it extremely difficult for workers to organize a union and begin collective bargaining. In other words, US law encourages workers’ initial, nascent steps towards collective organization, and encourages them to build public support for their efforts, but discourages the actual formation of unions. Therefore, social media’s enormous potential as a worker-organizing tool will likely remain underdeveloped without reforms to strengthen and modernize our labour laws.
43
Mulikova, S., e M. Abdakimova. "Current trends in the training of social workers". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 100, n. 4 (28 dicembre 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ped4/16-23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The analysis of the program and normative documents of the republic in the field of social work showed that the level of training of social workers does not meet the needs of the social services sector. Changes in the so-cio-economic sphere, the attitude of society towards social work, international practice dictate the need for organizing work and training social workers, taking into account the requirements of a professional standard in this field. The presence of a professional standard in social work obliges educational institutions to bring the content of the educational program for the training of social workers in accordance with the requirements of the standard, focusing on the formation of professional competencies. The formation of professional com-petencies and the definition of learning outcomes requires the use of training technology in the educational process — case management. Case management is a technology that reflects the content of the labor function of a social worker.
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Spivak, Ya, L. Spivak, A. Kuznetsov, Ye Besedina e К. Dudnik. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF PREPARATION OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY". Pedagogical education: theory and practice. Psychology. Pedagogy, n. 34 (2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2409.2020.34.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article describes the current problems of preparation for professional activities of future social workers. The complexity of solving the problem of forming professionally competent future social workers capable of effective professional activity is shown. The latest scientific researches devoted to the problems of preparation of modern highly qualified specialists for professional activity are analyzed. The modern requirements to the professional activity of social workers on social protection of youth rights are characterized. The inconsistency of the professional training of a social worker with the modern requirements of the labor market was revealed. The main features of a social worker for the protection of youth rights are identified, as well as the priority requirements for professional training of social workers for the social protection of youth rights. The focus is on the functions, knowledge, skills, abilities and professionally significant personal qualities of a modern social worker. The main methods of social workers' activities on social protection of youth rights are highlighted. Perspective directions of professional training of future specialists in social work are outlined.
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Hall, Greg, Jennifer Boddy e Lesley Chenoweth. "An adventurous journey: Social workers guiding customer service workers on the welfare frontline". Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, n. 3 (17 novembre 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss3id244.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
INTRODUCTION: This paper explores a reform to worker relationships at the frontline of the Australian income support and government service provider (Centrelink). Reform involved social workers providing guidance to customer service workers and working closely with them in order to improve interactions with people seeking assistance.METHODS: A case study traced reform in two Centrelink offices over one year, and included semi-structured interviews and observations with social workers and customer service workers. A thematic analysis highlighted the nature of changes to worker relationships over time, and how new relationships supported new organizational practices.FINDINGS: Customer service workers initially reported both anxiety and excitement, expressing admiration of social workers’ skills and knowledge. Over time, they emphasised the inspiration and interpersonal support social workers provided them, how this helped them deal with difficult situations and was missed when not available. Social workers’ initial scepticism around demands on their time and challenges to their professionalism gave way (in part) to a sense of influencing and guiding workers towards more humanising interactions, although some concerns and organizational tensions remained.CONCLUSION: Guidance to other workers is a form of leadership which fits well with social work’s relational, supportive potential. Tensions in the welfare context mean that providing guidance is both rewarding and challenging, taking social workers on an adventurous journey involving adversity and (self) discovery.
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Kagan, Maya, Michal Itzick, Ahuva Even-Zohar e Ester Zychlinski. "Self-Reported Likelihood of Seeking Social Worker Help Among Older Men in Israel". American Journal of Men's Health 12, n. 6 (18 ottobre 2018): 2208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318801655.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The current study assessed the association between demographic factors (age, relationship status, and education), psychosocial factors (self-rated health and self-reported loneliness), and factors related to attitudes and behaviors associated with seeking help (prior experience with social workers, attitudes towards social workers, and the stigma attached to seeking help from social workers, and the self-reported likelihood of seeking social workers’ help among older men in Israel. The data were collected through structured questionnaires, administered to a sample of 256 older men. The findings indicated several avoidance factors which might discourage older men from seeking social worker help. Older men who are more educated, experience less loneliness, report lower self-rated health, have no prior experience with social workers, have less positive attitudes towards social workers and higher stigma attached to seeking social workers’ help, are less likely to seek social workers’ help. The research conclusion is that it is important to develop tools and interventions aimed at helping older men deal with such avoidance factors affecting their tendency to refrain from seeking social worker help, as well as to develop practices adapted to their unique needs.
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Kordasiewicz, Anna. "Role-Identity Dynamics in Care and Household Work: Strategies of Polish Workers in Naples, Italy". Qualitative Sociology Review 10, n. 4 (31 ottobre 2014): 88–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.4.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Migrant household work is a global phenomenon present across geographical contexts. Employing a household worker, especially a worker coming from another country, is a symbolically complex situation that requires interpretive work and negotiations of role-identities from interactional partners. There has been much debate about how to define the relationship between a domestic and/or care worker and her/his employer. It has been argued that the preferred definition by workers themselves is one that centers on work (Anderson 2000). In contrast, “fictive kinship” appears to be the employers’ almost universal strategy, which is usually portrayed in the literature as an exploitative practice (Romero 1992; Anderson 2000; Parreñas 2001; Constable 2003; Lan 2006; McDowell 2006).
In this paper, I offer a conceptual grid that consists of hierarchy/equality and distance/intimacy dimensions to examine complex relationships between domestic workers and employers, elaborated during the case study of Polish migrant domestic workers in Naples in 2004. Within the investigated site some elements of the traditional model of service culture have persisted. Migrant workers who come from a post-communist country, and who have rather egalitarian attitudes, have been confronted with these elements. The result has been a clash of definitions over the household worker’s role. Polish women developed two contrasting ways of experiencing and coping with it.
The strategies identified in the workers’ narratives are professionalization and personalization, and they refer respectively to emphasizing the professional and the personal dimensions in relations with the employer. They manifest themselves on the levels of action (as narrated by the workers) and narrative construction. The strategies on the level of action aim to shift the situation in a desired direction; the narrative strategies aim at framing the situation in a desired way within a narrative. The text underlines the diversity of migrant response and tentatively assesses the output of different strategies.
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Ben-Porat, Anat. "Competence of Trauma Social Workers". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, n. 8 (29 settembre 2016): 1291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515588536.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, there has been growing interest in examining role competence and the factors that can contribute to a sense of role competence among social workers. In the present study, we used the occupational competence model (OCM) as a basis for examining the contribution of the personal dimension (mastery, self-esteem, and secondary traumatization),environmental dimension (support systems),-and occupational dimension (exposure to the field of family violence) to the social worker’s subjective sense of role competence. Participants in the study were 214 social workers employed at centers for prevention of family violence, at shelters for victims of violence against women, and at social service bureaus. The findings indicate that in the occupational dimension, the contribution of exposure to work in the field of family violence contributed significantly to two components of the participants’ subjective sense of role competence: general sense of role competence and task knowledge/problem solving. In the personal dimension, the contribution of secondary traumatization and mastery to a sense of role competence was significant. In the environmental dimension (i.e., support systems), the specific contribution of managerial support to the participants’ sense of role competence was significant. In light of these findings, practical recommendations for developing a sense of role competence among social workers are provided.
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Pinter-Wollman, Noa. "Personality in social insects: How does worker personality determine colony personality?" Current Zoology 58, n. 4 (1 agosto 2012): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.4.580.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Social insect colonies and the workers comprising them, each exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as ‘personalities’. Because the behavior of social insect colonies emerges from the actions of their workers, individual variation among workers’ personality may be important in determining the variation we observe among colonies. The reproductive unit of social insects, on which natural selection acts, is the colony, not individual workers. Therefore, it is important to understand what mechanisms govern the observed variation among colonies. Here I propose three hypotheses that address how consistent individual differences in the behavior of workers may lead to consistent individual differences in the behavior of colonies: 1. Colonies differ consistently in their average of worker personality; 2. The distribution but not the average of worker personalities varies consistently among colonies; and 3. Colony personality does not emerge from its worker personality composition but from consistent external constraints. I review evidence supporting each of these hypotheses and suggest methods to further investigate them. The study of how colony personality emerges from the personalities of the workers comprising them may shed light on the mechanisms underlying consistent individual differences in the behavior of other animals.
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Gummer, Burton. "Are Administrators Social Workers?:". Administration in Social Work 11, n. 2 (23 settembre 1987): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v11n02_03.
Testo completo