Tesi: "Social sciences -> anthropology -> cultural anthropology"

1

Ewart, Ian James. "An anthropology of engineering". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:69c42210-e6c0-49c7-bec2-4a27f2e9903c.

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Abstract (sommario):

This dissertation considers the place in anthropology of ‘production’ generally, and ‘engineering’ specifically, by asking the simple question: How do people make things? Scholars of material culture have until recently focused on issues of consumption, especially the consumption of commodities (Miller), and considered production only in the abstract. Other theoretical approaches are therefore drawn upon to act as a framework for the thesis, including network theory (Law and Latour), and environmental relationism (Ingold). A methodology of ‘parallel fieldwork’ was developed (from Bourdieu), to situate myself as an experienced engineer carrying out anthropological fieldwork. Work in a ‘familiar’ environment (the Didcot Railway Centre, UK) was used to provoke thoughts about engineering in my primary fieldsite (the Kelabit highlands, Borneo). Data from the UK thus helped frame my analysis of Kelabit engineering, presented here in four parts. First, using the construction of two bridges as a case study, I suggest that a design can be seen as the revelation of a potential future, rather than a complete plan, as is suggested by design researchers such as Lawson and Norman. Then, by looking at changing traditions of house-building, I demonstrate the intimate relationship between materials and environment, even as the environment becomes more industrialised (Tsing), and consider this example in the light of debates about materiality (Miller; Ingold). Personal involvement in the conception and building of a new suspension bridge allowed me to investigate in some depth the act of construction. As a communal project, this incorporated aspects of individual skill, in the way that Ingold has described, but also the organization of people, tools and materials, akin to Law’s ‘heterogenous engineering’. This leads me to conclude that a theory of engineering might come from due consideration of both these approaches to relational thinking. Finally, I describe an abandoned longhouse and trace its deconstruction, suggesting that this is an example of creative destruction (Colloredo-Mansfeld), and re-materialization (Gregson). The dissipation of the material parts of the building shows that engineered objects should be seen as an ongoing process of material creation and disposal, and not a unified whole. In conclusion, my hope is that this dissertation contributes to ideas about the place and nature of material culture, and advocates a more prominent place for ‘production’ within anthropology.

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2

Brown, Jacqueline. "Oral Health Disparities Across Racial/Ethnic Groups". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/37.

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Abstract (sommario):

Oral health disparities persist across various sociodemographic groups in the United States. Data were obtained from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)to investigate differences in tooth count, self-rated condition of teeth, decay in at least one tooth, and ownership of dentures across racial/ethnic groups.

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3

Mitchell, Eleonore. "Pre-Lent Celebrations: Shrovetide & Carnival". TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2661.

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The history of pre-Lent celebrations is traced through the presentation, comparison, and evaluation of the main theses of origin held by Shrovetide and Carnival scholars. It is determined that the question whether the festivals are of pagan or Christian origin is not important for the analysis of their present-day significance. Their vitality stems first of all from the general importance of celebration for humans to define themselves in a setting in which they can perform, act, and behave in non-traditional ways that cannot be transferred to everyday life. However, the festivals' uniqueness can be defined through two main characteristics: (I) the establishment of fools' or mock-governments and the ritual dismissal of the local authorities, and (2) the use of elaborate masks and costumes. Masks and costumes not only facilitate new contacts with other, particularly non-masked, members of one's community, no matter to which social level they belong; they also allow people to freely parody and thus criticize their society's political, social, and moral order, without having to suffer consequences. Although considered to be anarchic by their critics, pre-Lent celebrations actually reflect the everyday world, which they need as a background on which to stage their distinct nature. The actors, give up their performance after the reenter their routine lives they often take with them a without special equality, which they may use within interactions. called "fools," willingly festive period and misgivings. However, feeling of democracy and their everyday social interactions. The results of fieldwork done in Southwest Germany (the area of the Swabian -Alemannic Shrovetide) are reflected throughout the study. Forty-nine black-and-white photographs as well as a map give a visual impression of Shrovetide in Germany.

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4

Rushing, Jon. "Horsetrading: An East Texas Study in Establishing Context". TopSCHOLAR®, 1991. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2788.

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Abstract (sommario):

Scholarship to date on the subject of horsetrading and horsetraders has been primarily narrative collections with a minimum of attention paid to the cultural context within which the horsetrader lives and works. This thesis focuses on the lives and dealings of several horsetraders in a five county region in middle to southern east Texas. Beginning with a discussion of the merits and failings of existing scholarship, I outline the historical background leading to the unique regional context and strong sense of independence in my area of study. A combination of early isolation, radical economic and political swings, and a strong southern Baptist presence work to give this region a particular character that both condemns and supports a number of horsetraders. Long ethically suspect, the horsetrader here has evolved from the travelling gypsy trading stock over vast areas into a fixed, though feared member of the community. The question of ethics arises in a flexible duality on the community's part as they teach and preach against al that they believe the trader guilty of, yet continually suspend these ethical values as they enter into the trader's world and attempt to beat him at his own game. A vast bank of community narrative exists to warn of the trader's deceptions, yet should a community member ever best the trader, his social status skyrockets with David and Goliath-like fame. In order to grasp the nuances and subtleties of the trader's craft, I then describe aspects of the horsetrade in light of current folklore theory. There are elements of both folk drama and gaming in the verbal dueling and strategy of the trade, but nothing that can affix the interchange to either genre. Next I explore many of the deceptions for which the traders have become known, and more often, have become victims of themselves. My final concern is with the changes that have taken place in the trader's world. Agribusiness that no longer relies on animal power coupled with widespread urbanization has depleted the market for horses in many respects. A new class of customers now acquire horses for specific, convenient needs, and often these are only temporary. The horsetrader has been forced to adapt to these changes or retire completely. In summation, the region and people I studied are responsible for a unique environment that both shuns and supports horsetraders. The community depends upon the reputations of the traders to serve as examples of improper behavior and lifestyle, yet applauds the individual who can enter their ethical hinterland and return successful. (i.e. having suspended acceptable ethics). The duality works on several levels, and pervades the region and the trades, forming the very context within which the trader exists.

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5

Gaylord, Wendy A. "Reformasi and teachers' implementation of civic education in West Sumatra, Indonesia". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344624.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Educational Leadership & Policy Studies, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct 30, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0527. Adviser: Margaret Sutton.

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6

Perin, Jodi R. "Educational travel for societal change: An exploration of popular education along the Mexico-United States border". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278807.

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During the past few decades, anthropologists have become increasingly interested in how different cultural frameworks come together. One opportunity to view such interactions is presented by travel seminars based on a transformative education model, which aim to educate middle-class people about conditions in economically depressed areas through travel. The task of this thesis is to examine the experiences of U.S. participant groups in one transformative education program, paying particular attention to interpersonal contact, both within groups and between them and local people, and to how participants experience the location of poverty. I argue that multiple factors play a role in terms of whether, how, and why trip participants appear to form new meanings based on their experiences. These factors include the individual's ability to empathize with the 'Other' (i.e. local people) met on the trip and previous experience in and knowledge of economically depressed areas, especially the Third World.

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7

Hunt, B. Joby. "Place-based consciousness and social transformation| Perspectives from Flagstaff, Arizona's STEM City". Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1594170.

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Since WWII, the United States has experienced unprecedented economic growth and global expansion through the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Today, STEM technological innovations permeate many aspects of the social experience, from education to career to home-life, contributing to a pervasive technocratic ideology emphasizing global U.S. economic and political superiority. Many sectors of American society now tout STEM initiatives as a premium for U.S. education, contributing to the neoliberal model of producing effective, efficient, and skilled laborers. But, does STEM necessarily contribute to those social forces that routinely devalue the principles of a liberal, democratic educational ideal?

In 2014, I investigated new forms of collaboration between the commercial sector and education system in Flagstaff, AZ. The STEM City Center is a non-profit organization that seeks to bridge the gap between community and schools by identifying local assets and sponsoring integrated STEM experiences for students. Using STEM as a conceptual tool to support interdisciplinary approaches to education, participants of this project revealed the core values that motivate social transformation in a town that borders multiple ethnic and cultural realities recognized as under assault by increasingly globalized markets. STEM City's model emphasizes increased critical thinking, collaborative learning, creativity, and effective communication and supports an implicit goal of encouraging a critically engaged, politically aware, and socially conscious society.

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8

Margaris, Amy Vlassia. "Meat and potatoes: recipes for a range of egalitarianism in three hunter-gatherer societies". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316173721.

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9

Lucas, William A. "Dynamics of Food Consumption in a Q'eqchi' Maya Community". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10604462.

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This thesis examines how a nutrition transition effects identity, locality, and economy in a Q’eqchi’ Maya aldea (hamlet) near Livingston, Guatemala, located along the Caribbean coast. The data collected explore community members’ attitudes and behaviors regarding food consumption, food sources, and health—both individual and familial. This thesis examines the structuralist categories community members created within a larger discussion of the effects of globalization and economic development on indigenous communities. Analysis explored how external processed food companies profit by hijacking internal cultural attributes. Findings indicate that, as community members have had consistent contact with external forces for at least 25 years, local notions of healthiness have accommodated processed foods into the diet. Based on these findings, this research enhances our understandings of how processed food companies have used marketing and branding to insert themselves into rural communities—what Thomas Leatherman calls “Coca Colonization.”

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10

Solano, Maria Schelle. "Art, Commerce, and Social Transformation: Public Art And the Marketing of Philadelphia". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/184817.

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Anthropology
Ph.D.
The field site for this US-based ethnography is the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The overwhelming presence of murals in the urban landscape calls into question how these figurative wall-sized paintings improve the lives and neighborhoods in which these paintings are found. With Philadelphia suffering the consequences of deindustrialization and neoliberal globalization, characterized by high poverty and inequality, and consistently low rankings in quality of life indicators by the national media, what role do murals play in change? Do murals mask urban problems by literally painting over blight, and, therefore distract from vital issues? Alternately, are murals a beacon of hope in an aging post-industrialized city? How do these murals contribute to the city - socially, culturally, and economically? This research study employs the following in its methodology: archival research, participant observation, interviews, visual and audio documentation, web site analysis of the Mural Arts Program's public transcript, and documentation of contemporary media coverage of the MAP and tourism related economic strategies. Over the course of its almost thirty-year history, the MAP has seen its mission shift from dealing with erasing graffiti, to helping transform (i.e. empower and motivate) communities and individuals, as a way to deal with poverty and increasing political and economic inequality. As globalization placed pressures on cities to compete in a global economy, new urban branding practices changed the scale of operations from place-based local communities (that focused on rehabilitating "at-risk" populations) to the city as a whole (city-wide murals and related projects/events), that increased local media coverage and brought the MAP to the attention of national media outlets - the kind of publicity necessary to advertise Philadelphia as an "urban brand," "The City of Murals." The promotion of Philadelphia as "The City of Murals" is premised on art having a "social life" by virtue of human interaction, and therefore, has the capacity to engage, captivate, and transform - its "value" is in being commodified and consumed. At the same time, the consumption of particular art objects and experiences demonstrates "taste" and marks social difference and maintains social hierarchies.
Temple University--Theses

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11

Wilson, Victoria Arriola. "The Social Organization of the Hip Hop Graffiti Subculture". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626015.

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12

Stansberry, Donna W. "Burial practices in Southern Appalachia". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1112104-101034/unrestricted/StansberryD112404f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.L.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1112104-101034 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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13

Boyd, Varna G. "A Reflection to Life: A Social and Economic Study of Cedar Grove Cemetery, Williamsburg, Va". W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625440.

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14

Heitert, Kristen Barbara. "Social Science, Serving Bowls and the Question of Ethnicity: Deconstructing Material Culture Correlates of Ethnic Identification". W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626159.

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15

Jucker, Jean-Luc. "Ambiguous artefacts : towards a cognitive anthropology of art". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0c90f23e-7f20-45b7-b9fd-f66dbdfaa3ab.

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This thesis proposes elements for a cognitive anthropology of visual art. Most works of art are human-made objects that cannot be approached in purely functional terms, and as such they frustrate important cognitive expectations that people have about artefacts. For this reason, it is hypothesised that art triggers speculation about the artist’s intention, and that it is intuitively approached as a form of communication. By application of Bloom’s (1996) theory of artefact categorisation, and Sperber and Wilson’s (1986/1995) relevance theory of communication, a series of predictions are generated for art categorisation (or definition), art appreciation, and art cultural distribution. Two empirical studies involving more than 1,000 participants tested the most important of these predictions. In study 1, a relationship was found between how much a series of works of art were liked and how easy they were to understand. Study 2 comprised four experiments. In experiment 1, a series of hyperrealistic paintings were preferred when they were labelled as paintings than when they were labelled as photographs. In experiments 2a and 2b, a series of paintings were considered easier to understand and, under some conditions, were preferred, when they were accompanied by titles that made it easier to understand the artist’s intention. In experiment 3, a series of artefacts were more likely to be considered “art” when they were thought to have been created intentionally than when they were thought to have been created accidentally. The results of studies 1 and 2 confirmed the predictions tested, and are interpreted in the framework of relevance theory. The art experience involves speculation about the artist’s intention, and it is partly assessed as a form of communication that is constrained by relevance dynamics. Implications for anthropology of art, psychology of art, and the art world are discussed.

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16

Perez, David M. "Native Subordination Through The Franciscan Institutions During The Sixteenth Century". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/189.

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My thesis, building on over two centuries of scholarly research on colonialism and evangelism in Mexico, seeks to heighten the visibility of the Franciscan order in New Spain. I intend to clearly establish how the Virgin de Guadalupe’s influence on native conversions was mediated through, and controlled by, the Franciscan institutional systems between 1523 and 1572. Many scholars have argued that the most influential factor in converting the Nahua populations was the apparition of the Virgin de Guadalupe, in 1533. These scholars have argued that at the time of her appearance the conversion of the country had been incomplete, but following her appearance Guadalupinist Catholicism spread rapidly in Central Mexico and became the “focal value of Aztec culture” (Madsen 1967, 378), resulting in some nine million baptisms by 1537. Although the Virgin de Guadalupe proved to be a substantial contributing factor for conversion in New Spain, I will argue that these scholars have given disproportionate emphasis to the Virgin, in the process neglecting the institutional systems implemented by the Franciscans between the years of 1523 and 1572. This thesis will discuss the desire of the Franciscan administration to establish a moral order, defined by leading scholar of Globalization Christopher Chase-Dunn as, people’s agreements about definitions of right and wrong, obligations, and legitimate conflicts (Chase-Dunn 2014, 176). Using Michel Foucault’s theories about power and the subjected I will expand on this definition and argue that the moral order helped define the relationship and the roles of the Franciscans and the Natives; the Franciscans becoming the administrators of a new society that they largely defined and managed, while using the institutions they developed as tools of social regulation and control to produce docile native subjects, deprived of a unique cultural heritage.

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Indalecio, Agnes Rose Espinosa. "Policies and practices of Chamorro cultural narratives in the community and schools of Guam". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284054.

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In this study, I use aspects of ethnography to explore the role of cultural narratives in the educational experiences and daily life of the Chamorro people. The major method of collecting the data used in this study included official documents, interviews, and written surveys. These different sets of data collection allowed me to cross-check the data to triangulate the evidence and to refine and validate the study. The Chamorro culture and language still exist. However, the majority of homes are practicing an Americanized lifestyle because of the influences from the United States since their invasion in the 1800s. There has been a shift from the teaching of the history, culture, language, values, and stories of the Chamorro people from the home to the school. Data show that informants agree that teachers across all disciplines should implement cultural narratives into their teaching. The University of Guam and the Guam Community College need to add courses specializing in the Chamorro culture and make this part of the requirements for earned degrees in Elementary, Secondary, and Special Education. Participants agree that cultural narratives support Chamorro values and should be visible in all public and private schools from kindergarten through higher education. The main conclusions include (1) Guam does not have a set written policy for Chamorro cultural narratives although it is an accepted and recognized part of the Chamorro curriculum, (2) the Chamorro cultural narratives should be emphasized more and expanded across the standard curriculum for all grade levels, K-12, (3) the community, the family and the school must work more collaboratively and find more innovative ways to maintain the language and culture of the Chamorro people, and (4) Chamorro narratives should be implemented in both public and private schools.

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18

Noack, Kelsey J. ""The Coffee House (Where I Occasionally Sometimes Go)": Examining Diversity in the Urban Meat Diet of Williamsburg in the Mid-Eighteenth Century". W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626587.

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19

Taft, Ann. "At the Spiritual Grassroots: An Analysis of Visionary Art & Artists". TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2896.

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In this thesis I focus on an art form alternately described as "naive," "visionary," "environmental," "singular," "individual," or "grassroots." Not easily placed within established academic or popular art categories, such art usually lands by default in the folk art pile and is quickly cast to the peripheries of that genre. In this thesis, I am not concerned with inventing another label for these artists and their work. Instead, I explore the possibility that visionary art may be a separate genre, but one to which folklore analysis may usefully be brought to bear. Chapter One is a historical and bibliographical analysis of visionary art. Beginning with an overview of the literature on the subject, I review the development of the definitional debate in the United States as well as in Europe and trace the gradual evolution of this art form into a loosely separate category. Chapter Two consists of an analysis of visionary art. I construct a "behaviorist" model which draws not only upon the usual criteria of building styles or materials used but also examines such subjects as the artist's motivations, personal visions, life history and community role. In Chapter Three I test this model using the work of Valenty Zaharek, an Arizona woodcarver and ceramicist. Zaharek's previously undocumented work, "Pecos West," is a three-dimensional carved depiction of Western scenes. It is aesthetically magnificent and falls along the borders of a variety of art forms --folk, visionary, popular.

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20

MacKay-Tisbert, Tully. "Continuities of violence and vulnerability| An ethnographic study of supportive housing for the homeless". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527984.

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Research on homelessness has tended to be divided theoretically between looking at personal pathology and emphasizing structural forces, but both have focused on street and shelter life. While there is a growing consensus in Anthropology that research should place homelessness within structural context, homelessness continues to be framed within the discourse of medicalization. This discourse continues into supportive housing programs for the formerly homeless, an area that has not yet been focused on much in research.

Based on ethnographic research conducted at Lamp Community in Los Angeles, California this thesis examines the continuity of struggle and vulnerability that continues even once the homeless are placed in supportive housing. It explores how this vulnerability has structural origins and how various levels of subjective and objective violence play out in the course of people's lives to maintain that vulnerability. By reuniting the issues of extreme poverty and homelessness, current measures to address homelessness are called into question.

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21

Zwolinski, Mary. "Displays of Culture: Personal Museums in Wisconsin". TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2958.

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Fieldwork was undertaken in the state of Wisconsin to document and interpret privately owned and displayed collections. Collections were comprised of various types of objects, most commonly artworks created and/or collected by the collection owners. These collections often take on an environmental scope, occupying private spheres such as collection owners' homes or outbuildings. An examination of environmental type collections that are housed in bars was also undertaken. Collections of this specific type are culturally and locally significant. The objects in the collections and the collection owners address and provide important information on such local or regional subjects as history, local storytelling practices, and local aesthetics. These collections also serve as natural repositories for the objects of various folkgroups relevant to the region. In this thesis that region is defined as the state of Wisconsin, and those folkgroups examined include occupational, recreational, and ethnic communities. Personal museums are one way that members of these communities preserve, display, interpret, and reaffirm their personal involvements in those groups. Collectors preserve and display tangible evidence of the significance of these communities and their affiliations with those groups. In this thesis I advocate a closer examination of personal museums by teachers, anthropologists, folklorists, and others interested in artifacts of culture.

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22

Cartwright, Elizabeth 1959. "Malignant emotions: Indigenous perceptions of environmental, social and bodily dangers in Mexico". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282765.

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This dissertation is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in San Pedro Amuzgos, Oaxaca and on La Coasta Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. In it I trace the movements of migrant farmworkers who come from southern Mexico to work in the grape fields of Sonora. Within that context of movement and change, I focus on understanding how illnesses are perceived and how they are healed. First I explore this issue, in depth, in their homeplace in rural Oaxaca. I follow specific illness events among residents of Amuzgos and I allow individuals actions and their reflections on those actions act as a corrective to static notions of the "Latino Folk Illnesses" that exemplify the way in which residents of this small village conceptualize their bodily problems. Local understandings of illnesses are embedded in the village as a specific Place where the topography of the village is inhabited by dangerous spirits that cause health problems for the Amuzgos. To heal, is to heal the Place where negative things occurred as well as the bodies that manifest negative symptoms. Following the Amuzgos up to the fields of Sonora, I focus on how the changing environmental context influences their perceptions of the sources of illnesses and the ways in which they treat them. In particular, I focus on the ways in which they conceptualize the health problems that arise from exposures to the pesticides that are ubiquitous in the fields and camps where they live and work.

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Ruff, Joseph. "Country Music in the Northeast: Two Careers". TopSCHOLAR®, 1993. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2792.

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Although country music and its antecedents have received attention primarily as cultural phenomena of the South, the past twenty years have witnessed a growing scholarly interest in the interplay between commercial country music, vernacular components. and performers within a regional context. The commercial product which has now attained worldwide appeal undoubtedly sustains a significant relationship to the folkways and regional identity of the South; nonetheless, performers and vernacular styles from other areas of the country have contributed to the development of country music. Most important. many areas outside of the South maintain local traditions of country music entertainment. In this thesis, I argue for a broader conception of country music and its sources by examining the careers of Gene Hooper and Dick Curless within the context of country music in Maine. The evidence presented suggests that country music, in its local context, retains a significant link to regional image and identity, as well as maintaining a connection to traditional music style and function. The acceptance of the "new social history" rests upon the belief that knowledge of everyday people and culture contributes to our understanding of historical processes and periods. The methods of folkloristics complement this perspective and also provide an approach with which to study performance in small group contexts. Much of my information derives from observation of country music culture in Maine and interviews with relevant persons. I have also utilized archival material and scholarship concerning the history of country music and vernacular music in the Northeast. Within the thesis. I examine theoretical considerations of region and group identity. Because the scholarly and popular conceptions of country music identify it primarily as a cultural phenomenon of the American South, my examination begins with a summary of historical perspectives on country music and the development of the Southern image connected with it. This discussion is followed by a brief survey of theoretical attitudes toward country music and regional identity within the discipline of folklore. Turning toward country music in the Northeast, I outline the roots of vernacular music there and describe the evolution of a regional country music boom. A detailed description of the careers of Gene Hooper and Dick Curless follows, with particular emphasis on the differing professional contexts of their music. Finally, I return to academic models of country music and region, elaborating on distinctions between the commercial context of the Nashville music industry and the vernacular music of the Northeast.

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Sawyer, Heather Jan. "PRECARITY IN PARADISE: TOURISM, MIGRATION, AND THE BROADER CAUSES OF INSTABILITY IN ROATÁN, HONDURAS". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/35.

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Since the 1990s, the population on the Honduran island of Roatán has grown from around 20,000 (mostly English-speaking Islanders) to roughly 100,000 residents (at least half of which are native Spanish-speaking Ladinos from the Honduran mainland) (Bay Islands Voice 2014b). This population growth has occurred alongside increasing forms of economic and environmental precarity that have fueled widespread instability on the island. While ethnic tensions between Ladinos and Islanders have existed since colonial times, conflict between the groups reached a crescendo in 2014 after the murder of a cruise ship employee in Roatán by a Ladino migrant. This sparked a security crisis for the island’s idyllic tourism industry. In an effort to address growing security concerns, municipal authorities proposed a plan that included the installation of surveillance cameras in key population centers, use of 24-hour police patrols, and implementation of an identification program to track migration to the island. Authorities argued Ladino migrants were not only an ecological burden on the island, but also a major source of criminal activity, leading to the tourism industry’s instability. Yet, while stakeholders of island tourism were quick to cite Ladino migration as a major source of precarity, my research shows its causes are much broader and more complex. I argue simply blaming population growth – without a nuanced analysis of emerging human-environment relationships – does little to explain the multifaceted causes of instability in Roatán’s tourism industry. Drawing on twelve months of ethnographic research, I find the instability in Roatán’s tourism industry is more fully explained through four overlapping crises playing out across Honduras for the majority poor, including: a lack of physical and political representation, struggles over land rights, social and economic immobilities, and disappearing childhood. I examine this precarity as part of wider trends in global capitalism (e.g. increased expulsions of people from their lands), but also as something inextricably local in nature (e.g. filtered through a Ladino threat narrative). My analysis contributes to broader conversations occurring in the field of anthropology about how to discern and make sense of the growing forms of precarity humans face. For example, Sassen (2014) argues pinpointing the causes of precarity, such as those shaping life in Roatán, has grown more challenging as complex constellations of power obscure direct causal relationships. Parsing out the complicated relationships between formations of power on the Honduran mainland and growing sources of precarity on Roatán is one way I add to this body of literature. My research also contributes to this issue through examinations of the everyday cultural productions of value, meaning, and hope that emerge through engagements with the tourism industry—and how they anchor people amidst the backdrop of escalating uncertainty.

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25

McPheron-Alex, Theda 1954. "Predisposing cultural factors among American Indian populations related to cancer occurrence". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278545.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cancer during the twentieth century has become a major universal health concern. The American Indian population, too, has experienced both a dramatic rise in cancer rates and different patterns of cancer among tribal groups. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss various factors including culture that impact cancer in American Indian populations. A literature review that provides cancer data, including rates, risk factors, and American Indian responses to cancer is presented in the opening chapters. In addition, results of a qualitative exploratory research involving a sample from the Pasqua Yaqui Tribe of Southern Arizona and a non-Indian sample from the Community Hospice Program of Tucson are presented. Data from both groups are analyzed, compared, and summarized.

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26

Navarro, Barnard Doris Graziela. "The role of social capital in household economy and landuse/ land-cover change in areas of land reform in Santarem, Brazilian Amazon". Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615618.

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Abstract (sommario):

This dissertation investigates the relationship between community structure and social dynamics and farmers' livelihood and land-use decisions in settlements of land reform in the Brazilian Amazon. Using social capital theory, it addresses the following questions: How can social capital be conceptualized in areas of land reform in the Amazon region and how does it change over time? What is the role of local organizations in community formation and development in colonization areas of the Amazon region? How has settlement design influenced farmers' participation in local organizations? How does social capital within rural communities influence the dynamics of household economy in the Amazon region? How does social capital, in the form of norms of reciprocity and boundaries, affect land-use/land-cover change at farm and community levels? To answer these questions, this dissertation combines ethnographic data, social-network analyses, linear regression analyses, multi-temporal remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems. This is a unique, in-depth study of social capital —in the form of social networks, participation in local organizations, and norms of reciprocity— taking into consideration the particularities of areas of land reform organized around a regime of private property. Three communities were chosen for this study: Nova Aliança, Poço Branco, and Serra Grande. The arrival of more capitalized farmers in Nova Aliança and Poço Branco, who tend to invest in a more diversified agriculture, has led to high incidence of land turnover, resulting in higher rates of deforestation. Conversely, Serra Grande has developed a system of boundary norms that has limited land turnover, resulting in lower rates of deforestation. In these communities, networks based on trust provide for the households' immediate needs, furthering their access to community organizations. Although settlement design is not a hindrance to interaction and trust, it results in differential participation in some local organizations, such as the farmers' associations. The latter contribute to the upward mobility of poor farmers by providing access to credit, though benefits are not equally shared among the residents. However, these associations' heavy dependence on governmental assistance jeopardize the positive outcomes they intend, limiting their effectiveness and undermining trust and cooperation among farmers. These findings will help small farmers in the Amazon and elsewhere recognize the intrinsic value of local organization and collective action, and how these intertwine in influencing their quality of life, sociocultural identity, sense of belonging, and perspectives towards the future.

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27

Pereira, de Miranda Damiana. "Depression across cultures: The construction of depressive disturbances in greater Sao Paulo, Brazil". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283982.

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Abstract (sommario):

Described since the beginning of medicine and considered to be the oldest mental illness, depression is understood as a mood, symptom, syndrome and mental disease. It affects a large number of individuals, mainly women during their productive period, in different cultural environments. World Health officials suggest that over 200 million individuals worldwide are affected by one of the forms of depression. Epidemiological and biological studies have revealed the close relationship between depression and several factors, including sex, age, social environment, personality, and genetics. They utilize a single causal model of illness, and neglect the role played by culture in the expression and experience of depressive disorders. As a mood variation, depression is a panhuman phenomenon, but not all cultures recognize depressive disorders as a categorized ailment. Indeed, some cultures (Buddhist) give positive values for depressive complaints and even encourage them; other cultures (Western), however, tolerate depressive symptoms only as acute phenomena. Cross-cultural researchers have discussed the importance of culture for modeling the experience and effects of depression. It is culture which gives positive or negative meaning to depressive phenomena. In this way, anthropologists have questioned the universality of depressive disorders and suggested that depression is a cultural, Western construction. In the second half of the twentieth century, research studies have described the high prevalence rates of depression across cultures. Probably because of emotional and socioeconomic pressures, modern industrialized life exposes individuals to a high risk of depression. Indeed, Western researchers have demonstrated that in each new generation, a greater number of individuals have experienced depression. Contrary to the belief of Brazilian health professionals, lower class African Brazilians are at an increased risk for depressive disorders. The research study for this dissertation was realized in public health services in greater Sao Paulo, Brazil. I interviewed 565 patients and included 105 in the study. All patients presented clinical depression and the majority of them were considered to be chronically impaired. Psychosocial factors such as: gender, age, socioeconomic background, race, migration, marital status, educational background and religious preference were positively associated with the occurrence of depression.

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28

Baily, Heather Rose. "The Digital Labor Ward: Teleconsultation in Rural Ghana". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586514278335033.

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29

Nyonator, John Paul. "Informal Knowledge and Biomedicine: Ghanaian Assemblages". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28666.

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Abstract (sommario):

The field study took place in Dzodze, Ghana, over a period of 4 months in 2009. The data was collected through semi directed interviews and ethnography. The aim of this study was to investigate how localized practices provide a lens to gain larger insights into national and transnational politics of healing and knowledge. Precisely, how are current relationships between informal healers and biomedical practitioners performed in the everyday life of Dzodze, Ghana? The results of the study indicate no direct or institutionalized collaboration between biomedical practitioners and healers, however there is some form of relationships between informal birth attendants and public midwives. It is also apparent that the power relations linked with formal practices decrease possibilities for collaboration with informal medicine and also have a negative influence on any possible medium of innovation. The study also shows that people continue to use informal medicine because it works for them yet government reaction towards integration of informal medicine into national health system remains slow. Keywords: informal medicine, biomedicine, relationships

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30

Morris, Traci Lynn 1965. "Interpreting our own: Native peoples redefining museum education". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278608.

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Abstract (sommario):

For my Master of Arts in American Indian Studies at the University of Arizona I have done a comparative analysis of the Docent program's at the Arizona State Museum and the National Museum of the American Indian. A docent program or guided tour program, is part of educational programing at each museum. In order to fully understand and appreciate objects in a museum, especially those in exhibits dealing with Native Americans, requires interpretation. The guided tour is one of the most popular interpretive techniques. In this particular study, I focus on the use of storytelling as an interpretive technique. This study was done in an educational setting through informal observation of the docents, personal interviews and discussion with the docents and Educational Coordinators at each museum, examination of educational training, examination of Native American education techniques, and investigation of storytelling and its relationship to museums and Native peoples.

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31

Chrostowsky, MaryBeth. "THE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION ON GENDER NORMS AND RELATIONS: THE POST-REPATRIATION EXPERIENCE IN BOR, SOUTH SUDAN". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/5.

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Abstract (sommario):

My dissertation research was a 14-month ethnographic study of the post-repatriation experience of forced migrants in South Sudan. It was designed to determine if alterations to gender norms and relations that refugees experienced during asylum differed as a function of the asylum environments and if these modifications remained intact upon the refugees’ return. The forced migrants in my sample, the Dinka of Bor from South Sudan, encountered two different asylum environments and experiences: Kakuma refugee camp in northern Kenya and Khartoum, in northern Sudan. After 10-15 years in asylum, these forced Dinka Bor migrants returned to South Sudan. I compared the pre-flight and post-repatriation behavior of these two groups of returnees to determine to what extent gendered behaviors could be attributed to each asylum location. I found that various global forces encountered during asylum were instrumental in forging new ways of life by changing gendered livelihood practices and gendered access to status, power, and resources after return. In addition, the resettlement context played an equally critical role in the gendered behaviors after return.

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32

Champion, Deborah. "Quicksand Craft Center: Documentation & Analysis of a Handweaving Program in Vest, Kentucky". TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2217.

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Abstract (sommario):

Data on the handweaving program at the Quicksand Craft Center in the Appalachian Mountains of Eastern Kentucky were compiled and analyzed. Four areas--history of the craft program, business organization and financial structure, weave patterns of goods woven and sold by the craft center, and weavers employed in the program --were examined to assess the success of the program in the local community. Factors in the four areas examined contributed to the success of the program. The benevolence, perseverance, and co-operation of the founders, directors and community members involved with the craft center have been largely responsible for the continued success of the program. The non-profit organizational structure of the craft program was financially stable and met federal guidelines for tax exemption. Weave patterns in goods produced at the craft center were basically traditional with modern adaptations in fibers and end products. Influence of the handweaving program in the lives of weavers and their families was primarily positive.

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33

Hutson, Sydney Nicole. "Understanding Social, Legal, Economic, and Spatial Barriers to Healthcare Access in El Paso County, Texas Colonias| An Examination of Structural Violence Using Mixed Methods". Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276261.

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Abstract (sommario):

Healthcare access is a highly reported problem for immigrant populations in the United States, especially for Hispanic migrants at the US-Mexico border. This statement holds particularly true for populations living in unincorporated communities known as colonias in the borderland region. Residents of a colonia are estimated to suffer from preventable or treatable illnesses including tuberculosis, hepatitis A, cholera, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, substance abuse, among other health problems, at two to four times the national average (Matthiesen 1997; Anders et al. 2010:366; Mier et al. 2013:208; Sharkey et al. 2011; Davidhizar 1999). This apparent disparity is a result of unequal healthcare access due to social, legal, economic, and physical/spatial barriers. Using a structural violence framework as a lens, this study attempted to determine the barriers impeding access to healthcare for colonia residents, as well as analyze the interrelationships between the types of barriers. This study utilized semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of perceived social, legal, spatial/physical, and other suggested barriers preventing healthcare access in El Paso County, TX colonias. In order to fully demonstrate the role of spatial/physical barriers on access to care, this study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map obstacles in the targeted communities.

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34

Gaizauskaite, Evelina. "Dancing Samba in Sweden : A study on transnational cultural expression". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nordiska Latinamerikainstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194486.

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Abstract (sommario):

In Sweden, samba - the popular Brazilian dance (and music genre), that has been named the“national rhythm” - is very widely known and practiced. This case study envelops questions about national cultures, cultural embodiment in dance, as well as cross-border relations. It aims to observe in what distinct ways, regarding these multiple facets of the topic, Brazilian culture can be expressed through samba in a foreign country so culturally different and geographically distant from the country of origin. The study focuses on samba no pé, a samba style popularized and mostly danced in Rio de Janeiro. To reach the objective, the research data has been collected through semi-structured interviews from samba teachers and dancers in Sweden. In addition, an observation has been carried out by watching a samba class in person. The collected data showed that dancing samba gives way to different interconnected processes and elements through which the Brazilian culture is transported, translated, and experienced in Sweden. As people migrate around the world in transnational spaces, links are created between the migrants’ host countries and their homelands. These connections enable different cultures to be transported, get established in different places and spread in popularity. Corporeality is also key, as culture is embodied in the movements. Samba therefore permits an experience of Brazilian corporeality and plays a central role in the expression of Brazilianness in Sweden.

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35

Jenkins, Gregory Kendall. "The Altered Mobile Home: A Stationary Image of Work and Value". TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1712.

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Abstract (sommario):

As the medium cost of conventional housing rises, many people unable to incur such an expense look for alternative forms of adequate housing. In rural areas surrounding Bowling Green, Kentucky, several families have utilized the mobile home as a base to expand, embellish, and personalize, creating a larger more conventional-looking home. Many of these altered homes possess gabled roofs, rock exterior walls, and expansive interior space. Of primary concern is: why have these families undertaken a project of this nature? As material culture scholars and folklorists examine our built environment, they find relationship between construction and the builders. What can the altered mobile home tell us about these individual builders? A contextual analysis examining the surrounding landscape, economic dilemmas, and personal aesthetics and values help elucidate each altered mobile home. Also, by examining the individual builder’s work technique, materials, and values associated with housing, one can understand how each mobile home is a direct reflection of its owner. Since the mobile home’s creation, the public’s conception of the form has led to claims that it is not a housing form, but rather an accessory for the automobile. Steadfast values associated with housing have not adhered to the image of the mobile home. Because of this ambiguity, the mobile home is an ideal form for individuals to mold and alter, thereby creating a form imbued with personal aesthetics and personal values concerning housing. These ideas are examined through analysis of four families.

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36

Berry, Chad. "Folk Custom as a Barometer of Social Change in a Tennessee Community". TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2146.

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Abstract (sommario):

Using the techniques of oral history, residents of the Cypress Creeks area of southwestern middle Tennessee were questioned about their perceptions of the social change since 1940. In that year, the National Park Service hired men in the area to help snake out logs for the Natchez Trace Parkway's right-of-way. For most men in the area, the temporary positions on the Trace were the first "public" jobs they ever had. After these positions were no longer needed, outmigration brought residents north to factory-cities; thus, the building of the parkway remains a watershed in residents' memories as the benchmark when change began. In this study I examined oral material concerning pre- and post-change periods, to see how social change is articulated in people's talk about changes in social folk custom. Moreover, it was found that residents today regret the sense of loss associated with the "good old days" and that this abstract loss is most easily expressed by talking about the concrete changes in the area's customs.

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37

Rooney, Matthew Peter. "Investigating Alternative Subsistence Strategies among the Homeless Near Tampa, Florida". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6137.

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Abstract (sommario):

Modern homelessness is one of the most pressing social and political problems of our time. Several hundred thousand people experience homelessness in the United States each year, and the U.S. Department of Housing, which attempts to count those people, has admitted that their statistics are conservative estimates at best. A recent archaeological study (Zimmerman et al 2010) examining material culture associated with homeless communities in Indianapolis has suggested that those who are considered chronically homeless have generally abandoned wage labor and are instead pursuing urban foraging as a subsistence strategy. In order to better understand the structures of homeless communities, I have expanded this archaeological and ethnographic form of inquiry and used it to present evidence of material culture and foraging patterns among the urban homeless near Tampa. I used participant mapping to obtain 20 individual maps that show each informant’s catchment area, and I performed surface survey of material culture found at camp sites in a four-square-mile area. I found that individuals tend to make homes wherever they are and that much of the material culture reflects what could realistically be expected in any house or apartment. I also found that individuals utilize many resources across the landscape to obtain food, water, clothing, and shelter but must simultaneously remain invisible. This shows that homeless individuals are economic outcasts who must survive outside of yet are still quite dependent on society. Ultimately, this research shows how anthropology can be used to advance a scientific understanding of a specific set of economic processes and how these affect people.

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38

Hester, ElizaBeth. "Vadie Williams, Folk Artist: Drawnwork as a Reflection of Personal Identity in Rural Kentucky". TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2491.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study focuses on Vadie Conner Williams, an individual folk artist, and the drawnwork she has created throughout her lifetime. Included is a description of her rural farm background, her needlework skills and her creative process. The study also examines the significance of drawnwork to Williams and determines how she has adapted her work to satisfy her personal needs as well as the needs of her customers. Based on tape recorded interviews and a close examination of her work, the study concludes that drawnwork is an integral part of Williams's everyday life; it is an indicator of her beliefs and a source of identity within her community.

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39

Aarons, Derrick. "Palliative care, ethics, and the Jamaican paradigm". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23764.

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Abstract (sommario):

Palliative care provides symptom control, social, psychological and spiritual care for terminally ill patients, and psycho-social support and bereavement care for their families. Ethics is the study of rational processes for determining the best course of action between conflicting values and choices. All medicine is practiced within a defined cultural setting and local beliefs about health and illness may determine particular solutions to ethical problems.
Culturo-religious beliefs and practices in Jamaica are linked historically to its people's African ancestry and to the syncretism of Euro-British values during slavery. The resulting socio-cultural and medical pluralism has presented an ethical dilemma concerning respect for the beliefs and wishes of terminally ill patients to seek care from magico-religious practitioners versus what is in the society's best interest.

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40

Sesia, Paola Maria. "Confronting neoliberalism: Food security and nutrition among indigenous coffee-growers in Oaxaca, Mexico". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280204.

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Abstract (sommario):

This dissertation analyzes the social history and current struggles of Analco and Santa Cecilia, two Chinantec peasant localities of Oaxaca, Mexico, which experienced the boom and bust years of coffee agriculture subject to the vagaries of the global market for this cash crop. It examines the last twenty-five years of State interventions toward the Indian peasantry, focusing especially on current neoliberal economic and social policies, to reveal how they have affected local well-being and livelihood strategies. In the course of describing food security and nutrition, I show how Analqueno and Cecilieno men, women and children have coped with major changes in Mexican politics and the economy; changes toward which they have devised multiple responses, but upon which they have had limited control. In particular, I explore how members of these communities weighed options and maximized opportunities in their attempt to maintain, restore or enhance food security and local well-being during the coffee crisis of the 1990s. I show how, in the last decade, agricultural diversification for both home consumption and the market, and a partial retreat from commercial agriculture centered around coffee have become significant. Finally, I consider the nutritional effects of the coffee boom and bust years on the local populations paying particular attention to children, teenagers, and gender differences.

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41

Tornatore, Jean-Louis. "Dans le temps. Pour une socio-anthropologie politique du passé-présent : patrimoine, mémoire, culture, etc". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784902.

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Abstract (sommario):

...Non décidément, il est toujours, et peut-être plus que jamais, utile de défendre un point de vue dont l'affirmation d'évidence, à l'instar d'un monument, nuirait à la visibilité. On a vite fait de vous enfermer dans une nuit anthropologique où tous les chats sont gris. Ce travail, contre lequel je n'ai cessé de pester jusqu'à ce que j'en mette le point final au motif qu'il était artificiel et ronflant et m'empêchait d'occuper le congé de recherche que m'a octroyé mon université à faire ce dont notre métier d'enseignant-chercheur-agent administratif nous prive de plus en plus : lire, est donc l'occasion de l'affirmer en racontant comment j'ai construit ma singularité, à la conjonction de plusieurs déplacements : vers la sociologie, vers la politique du patrimoine, vers une recherche - action, impliquée, attachée, etc., c'est à voir - participant à la performation de la réalité, vers le pragmatisme. En voici une première formulation en trois temps : un, loin de tout désarroi ou de toute dénonciation, prenons au sérieux les phénomènes d'objectivation de la culture autant que ceux, stigmatisés, d'une présence dite proliférante des objets du passé dans le présent. Deux, à faire une anthropologie de l'institution de la culture - au second degré ! -, et plus largement du passé-présent - les usages du passé -, on ne peut guère éluder leur dimension éthico-politique au risque de passer complètement à côté du phénomène. L'anthropologue - ou le socio-anthropologue - est certes un peu mieux placé que l'historien pour observer ces pratiques mais alors il peut aller plus loin que de coutume en se plaçant au plus près des personnes et en considérant leur propre réflexivité dans leur activité - leur " enquête " - et l'attachement qu'elles construisent dans l'action : cela suppose qu'il rabatte sa prétention à leur dire la vérité sur ce qu'ils font. Trois, de la réflexivité de l'acteur à la réflexivité du chercheur, et retour : l'occasion est belle pour l'anthropologue d'interroger son propre désir et comment ce désir instruit le topos de la différence culturelle. Et puisque amateurs et anthropologues partagent un même objet - la culture, le passé-présent -, pourquoi ne se rencontreraient-ils pas sur une même scène pour considérer leurs capacités à en dire quelque chose ? L'acte de la recherche en sciences sociales ne doit-il pas se déployer dans cet espace de coopération, en naître et s'y nourrir ?

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42

Hickler, Benjamin Hallam. "Epidemic oversight: Emerging infections and rural livelihoods in the Mekong". Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390047.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco with the University of California, Berkeley, 2009.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-02, Section: A, page: . Adviser: Vincanne Adams.

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43

Harbury, Katharine E. "Colonial Virginia's Cooking Dynasty: Women's Spheres and Culinary Arts". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625865.

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44

Malakasis, Cynthia H. "Immigration and Nationalism in Greece". FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1280.

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Abstract (sommario):

A source of emigration until the early 1970s, Greece has become home to a rising tide of immigrants since 1991, and its foreign-born population rose from below one to over 11 percent. Equally important is the fact that the Greek state has historically premised national belonging on ethnicity, and striven to exclude people who did not exhibit Greek ethnic traits. My study examines how immigration has challenged this nationalist model of ethnically homogeneous belonging. Further, it uses the Greek case to problematize the hegemonic assumption that the nationalist model of social organization is a human universal. Data consist of reactions to a 2010 landmark law that constituted the first jus soli bill in the nation’s history, and include a plurality of voices found in parliamentary proceedings, newspapers, a government-sponsored online forum and Facebook discussions. Voices examined correspond to three main conceptual camps: people who premise belonging on ethnicity and hegemonic definitions of what it means to be Greek, people who mitigate nationalist norms enough to include immigrants, but reproduce a nationalist worldview, and people who seek to divorce political belonging from ethnicity altogether.

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45

Kelly, Tara B. "Plants, power, possibility : maneuvering the medical landscape in response to chronic illness and uncertainty". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7d502bb7-8773-41f8-b71e-fe3f78b89cb0.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis is concerned with plants, chronic illness and medicine in Oku, Northwest Region, Cameroon. I focus on patient strategies to obtain effective medical outcomes, and on how such outcomes may be obtained through seeking traditional medicine in Oku. I argue that biomedical notions of efficacy do not appropriately represent the central and diverse roles that plants play in traditional medicine nor do they correctly represent how people in Oku evaluate the efficacy of plant-based traditional medicine. I argue instead that efficacy must be understood in terms of the emic concept of power. This power is understood to be located in the Oku landscape, which is still uniquely forested and said to embody powerful ancestral spirits. With plants as the primary tangible material of power, and traditional doctors in Oku as those who claim exclusive rights to manipulate and disperse such power, I discuss traditional medicine in Oku as a system wherein power from the natural landscape is drawn upon to challenge harmful powers feared to derive from the social arena. Using the pragmatic and phenomenological approaches, I show how patients evaluate the efficacy of a medical treatment based on their bodily experiences, and how their actions, as revealed in their therapeutic trajectories, reveal their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a given diagnosis and/or therapy. I discuss how enduring illness generates and exacerbates bodily, treatment-outcome, social, and psychological uncertainties. In this context, effective outcomes can be understood as those which address and limit these uncertainties and anxieties while offering ways to imagine hopeful prognoses. This thesis then outlines the major sources of uncertainty, people’s responses to such uncertainties, and what people might achieve in terms of limiting uncertainties by seeking traditional medicine in Oku.

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46

Cole, Samantha L. "Social Worker Engagement of Substance Abusing Rural Young Adults: An Action Research Study". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4845.

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Abstract (sommario):

There has been a dramatic increase in opioid-related overdoses and deaths that have had extensive health impacts in Delaware County, New York. Social workers play a crucial role in working with individuals who have substance use and co-occurring disorders. The study was guided by ecological systems theory and the generalist intervention model focused on the engagement process between social workers and local young people. The current action research study explored the social work practice problem of challenges encountered by clinical social workers who engage in services with young adults ages 18-25 who have or are at risk for substance use disorders in Delaware County. It is essential to identify these challenges to help improve social work services that may potentially reduce substance use rates. The practice focused research question asked the participants their perception of the challenges in providing substance use services for young adult's ages 18-25 who reside in Delaware County. A focus group took place with 4 local private practice, licensed clinical social workers and 1 agency-based, licensed master-level social worker who all have experience working with Delaware County residents. Content analysis was used to explore and organize the data. The study revealed 7 themes that included client resistance, cultural issues, economic factors, professional competence, practitioner limitations, resource gaps, and client engagement. According to the participants, greater advocacy efforts are needed for clinical social work services because of the focus on both the environmental and emotional aspects of service provision. Possible implications for social change will be reduced service gaps that will result in more support options for those struggling with substance use.

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47

Fishleder, Sarah Louise. "Pathways of Embodiment: Drug Use Among Adolescents in Popay[aacute]n Colombia". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5016.

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Abstract (sommario):

This research examines the interrelated biological and cultural factors that determine pathways by which recreational drug use is manifest to addiction in the lives of youth aged 12-18 in Popay[aacute]n, Colombia. It utilizes existing data from mixed methods research conducted between 2004-2005 examining epidemiological risk factors, drug use, perceptions about drugs, and a biological phenomenon of the brain known as incentive salience. Perceptions and experiences related to drugs were gathered using structured methods. MDS and hierarchical plots of drug perceptions are presented in order to demonstrate the power of culture and expectation on perception and choice. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze quantitative health survey data and evolution-based pathways to addiction are mapped. Results confirm the importance of biocultural models in addressing addiction medicine.

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48

Stuck, Kenneth Edward. "Social Stratification in York County, Virginia, 1860-1919: A Study of Whites and African-Americans on the Lands of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625955.

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49

Tezak, Ann Louise. "“A Wound That Never Heals”: Health-Seeking Behaviors and Attitudes Towards Breast Cancer and Cancer in General Among Women in Nakirebe, Uganda". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6412.

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The scale and severity of cancer, specifically breast cancer, remains significantly different across the spectrum of low-income to high-income countries. This study explores women’s beliefs about breast cancer and associated prevention and health-seeking behaviors in a rural area of Uganda. Through a critical medical anthropological perspective, the study examines the social, cultural, and economic factors that shape women’s understanding of cancer, and breast cancer specifically, and that influence their use of biomedical services. Data were collected over a three-month period through 35 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with 10 women older than 18 years in the rural setting of Nakirebe within Mpigi District, and through five interviews with health care personnel from a private and a government health care facility in Mpigi District. Quantitative and Qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and MAXQDA 12.0.2, respectively. Findings suggest that women in this rural setting have limited access to screening and incomplete knowledge about breast cancer, and cancer in general, and internalize fears of a cancer diagnosis. No women were diagnosed with any type of cancer at the time of this study. Common attitudes towards cancer from the women include inevitable death, cancer is caused by contact with artificial substances and/or germs, and cancer causes pain, wounds that never heal, and the removal of body parts. Recommendations for improving cancer control and management in rural Uganda through awareness initiatives and community health outreach programs are presented.

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Stroope, Samuel, e Joseph O. Baker. "Structural and Cultural Sources of Community in American Congregations". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/493.

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Religious institutions are among the deepest reservoirs of social belonging in America, but what determines whether belonging is cultivated in these institutions? Previous research shows that individuals’ social network composition is a primary predictor of feelings of belonging. However, less is known about how group characteristics condition the influence of social networks on belonging. We use data from the 2001 U.S. Congregational Life Survey and multilevel modeling to examine how organizational characteristics such as group size, in-group network density, and aggregate ideological uniformity moderate the effects of individual social networks on sense of belonging. Results indicate that both structural (network density, church size) and cultural (ideology) characteristics of groups significantly condition the effects of individual social networks on belonging. Smaller group size, network density, and ideological unity cultivate contexts that amplify the relationship between personal networks and belonging.

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Tesi sul tema "Social sciences -> anthropology -> cultural anthropology"

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