Tesi sul tema "Social and economic background"
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1
Huang, Lihong. "Elitism and Equality in Chinese Higher Education : Studies of Student Socio-economic Background, Investment in Education, and Career Aspirations". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Institute of International Education [Institutionen för internationell pedagogik], Stockholms University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-548.
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2
Mangels, Nancie J. Anderson James F. "Differences in the background characteristics of black and white male state prison inmates in Alabama and the influence of social, political, and economic factors". Diss., UMK access, 2005.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Sociology/Criminal Justice & Criminology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005."A dissertation in sociology and social science." Advisor: James F. Anderson. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-208). Online version of the print edition.
3
Kroon, Clara, e Almin Skoric. "Så ger vi (inte) alla samma möjligheter : En studie om integrering av elever med annan etnisk bakgrund och socioekonomiskt svag bakgrund". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95832.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Denna studie bygger på intervjuer med lärare och undersöker hur lärarna arbetar med integrering av elever med annan etnisk bakgrund och socioekonomiskt svag bakgrund. Studien eftersöker lärarnas kopplingar mellan elevers etniska bakgrund, socioekonomiska bakgrund och skolresultat samt analyserar hur lärarnas arbetsmetoder, uppfattningar och tankar skiljer sig åt baserat på var skolan de är verksamma på är belägen utifrån en socioekonomisk områdesindelning. Resultatet visar på att enligt lärarna har skolorna inte några skrivna riktlinjer för integreringsarbete och integreringsarbeten genomförs och tolkas olika av lärarna vilket verkar ha ett samband till hur skolans upptagningsområde ser ut. Den påverkansfaktor som lärarna anser vara den största utmaningen i integreringsarbete samt i försök att förklara det rådande studiegapet mellan elever med annan etnisk bakgrund och elever med svensk bakgrund antas vara bristande språkförmåga. Den främsta möjligheten anser de vara de positiva vinningarna som kommer från att elever har olika bakgrunder. Gällande vårdnadshavare framför lärarna att vårdnadshavares bakgrund påverkar både samverkan mellan skolan och hemmet och elevens skolresultat. Hälften av lärarna tror att det finns skillnader i krav och förväntningar på elever utifrån etnisk- och socioekonomisk bakgrund. Diskussioner som berör etnisk- och socioekonomisk bakgrund anser lärarna inte vara känsliga.
4
Olandersson, Josefine, e Lina Gustafsson. "“I want them to be better than me” : Parents from different socio-economic backgrounds reflect on their children’s schooling and education in Mexico City". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40779.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Academics within the field of education have produced extensive research. The purpose of previous studies has often been to explain the underlying causes, with a generalizing result, to how education operate within a nation. To contribute with an urban perspective, this studies aim is to research how parents from different socio-economic backgrounds in Mexico City are reasoning about their children’s schooling and education. What individual choices they have made and how the social context has impacted on these choices. The respondents were selected through a snowball selection using interviews with semistructured questions for data collection. The material was coded into two themes, individual level and societal level. The respondents with wealthier and poorer socioeconomic background were analysed separately and then compared and summarised. The theoretical framework is a combination of the human capability approach together with the findings in previous research. A finding in the research is that education is perceived differently depending on the socio-economic background. The respondents with wealthier socio-economic background are referring to the future work career and economic security as benefits for their children. The respondents with poorer socio-economic background are mentioning the opportunity to change their lives and “to not become like them”. Despite the different benefits mentioned, all respondents’ value education as the most important investment in life for their children. The conclusion drawn from the study is, that no matter what their socio-economic background is education a high priority.
5
Versino, P. "FAMILY BACKGROUND AND EDUCATIONAL AMBITIONS OF SECOND GENERATION CHILDREN IN EUROPE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/477437.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The literature shows that family background only partially accounts for the association between minority status and educational outcomes. In particular, when compared to same-background native peers, the children of foreign-born parents and especially those from lower backgrounds often display higher educational ambitions, even in spite of low school performances. My first step is to analyse the occurrence of these phenomena using different datasets from national and international European surveys.
A currently under-explored path of research identifies the main reason behind these paradoxes with the fact that the definition of socioeconomic background may be different for immigrants, so that the same mechanisms identified in the general population are still in place, but with a different point of reference. Following this path, I propose an operationalization of family background that is more appropriate to the peculiar experience of migration and includes the immigrants' subjective social status, a new component based on the relative value of their education. My second step of analysis is the actual test of the association of this new measure with the university ambitions of second generation students and their parents, in the same datasets where the phenomena of interest were investigated. Finally, I discuss the results.
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Gustafsson, Charlie. "Kan socioekonomisk bakgrund och motivationstyp fungera som vägvisare för läraren i ämnet idrott och hälsa? : Can socio-economic background and type of motivation serve as a guide for the teacher in the subject of physical education?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82601.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A class where everyone is motivated to participate during the lesson of physical education is something unique and rare. Motivation is a huge part of the observation for a PE teacher when they grade students, especially in sports and health classes. The self-determination theory is a perspective of motivation that has indicated efficient work around the students to find the internal motivation for physical education. In this study I have been focusing on the different types of motivations that make the students encouraged and enthusiastic, more so, I have been studying to see if there is some sort of connection between the motivation and socioeconomic opportunity for every student and how that affects their performance in physical education classes. Since the trend is showing a decreased active lifestyle of a teenager during their leisure I also chose to concentrate on each student's intention with physical activity beyond high school. My research method was a questionnaire where I asked a couple of questions to 89 students of high school age to be able to get enough quantity and make some conclusions. The results indicated that introjected motivation was the most common reason students attend physical education classes, however, internal motivation seems to be another big reason. While I was doing the research and questionnaire I was also able to divide it into a different type of economic standings, and then relate it to how they were motivated and see if it differed in the socioeconomic. Moreover, how it fluctuated by different motivation types based on the self-determination theory. In conclusion from my research and survey, there was a small difference between the motivation in the economic statuses, the group with low status was the one with higher self-determination motivation. In general, students seem to have intentions to be very active and stay active after high school. The external motivation also seems to play a huge part as well, it is considered to be a more controlled motivation than what Ryan and Deci (2000) consider auspicious. My research can be used until a certain point by PE teachers to see what types of motivation that motivates their students, however, the study does not show that the student’s reason to participate differs by socioeconomics.
7
Jansson, David. "Do I Teach What I Preach? A study on teachers’ beliefs and classroom practise for reading and reading strategies". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To operate in our modern society an individual need to possess a well-rounded reading ability, and to know of and use reading strategies is crucial for learners to develop this ability. The present study sets out to explore the beliefs of Swedish English teachers regarding the significance of reading and reading strategies. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate to what extent their classroom practice of teaching explicit reading strategies instructions is consistent with their beliefs. In this qualitative study, four 7-9 English teachers and two student groups participated. These come from two Swedish schools with different social-economic backgrounds. The data was collected by conducting content analysis of the teachers' lesson plans and conducting semi-structured interviews with both the teachers and students. The results show that the teachers express positive attitude to reading and reading strategies as they believe that these constitute essential elements in the communicative classroom. However, the results also indicate that the teachers’ actual classroom practice for reading strategies is not always consistent with their beliefs: for example, despite all teachers being positive to reading and reading strategies’ instruction, only the teachers from the school with lower social-economic background provide reading strategies’ instruction explicitly. Further, the results indicate that factors such as the teachers’ theoretical conceptions, time contraints, student composition and proficiency level, the school’s socio-economic background are the reasons for the teachers including explicit reading strategies’ instruction in their repertoire.
8
Harris, Joanne. "Improving participation in higher education for young people from low socio-economic backgrounds: Changing beliefs about higher education". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8651.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
After decades of initiatives aimed at addressing inequitable rates of participation in higher education, people from low socio-economic backgrounds remain under-represented. A growing body of work suggests that family attitudes are the dominant influence on young people’s academic success and aspirations for higher education. This research asks whether it is possible to intervene in the construction of young people’s aspirations. Specifically, it evaluates the impact of an intervention program on young people’s knowledge of, beliefs about and aspirations for higher education. Drawing on theories of social and cultural capital, this study posits two central propositions. First, that a young person’s bonding social capital plays a significant role in shaping their embodied cultural capital; and second, that it is possible to intervene in the process of the accumulation of bridging social capital and embodied cultural capital and to raise aspirations. Through in-depth interviews with university students and school students from Years 8 to 12 (n = 19), and a pre- and post-intervention survey of Year 8 to Year 10 school students (n = 94), the research explores young people’s pre-existing knowledge of, beliefs about and aspirations for university, and identifies the key influences thereon. It then evaluates the impact of the intervention on participants’ habitus. While bonding social capital emerges as the key influence on the construction of a young person’s habitus, the intervention demonstrably altered this habitus and raised expectations. The causes of these phenomena were multiple and interconnected, with interaction with academically successful role models, access to accurate information and experience of university life all having an encouraging effect. Based on these findings, the thesis presents a model for intervention programs comprising (a) ongoing partnerships between universities and school/s; (b) early intervention; (c) accurate information; (d) interaction with university students; and (e) experience of university life. Finally, the study outlines the implications of the research findings for student equity in higher education at the levels of research, policy and practice.
9
Merry, William. "Comparison of social-economic backgrounds of vocational students taking automobile mechanics II in the French and English sector on the Island of Montreal". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64081.
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Ip, Patrick, e 葉柏強. "The early development of children from different socioeconomic backgrounds: do our children need earlyintervention?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48423506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background
Child development is adversely affected by the socioeconomic status of the family and community. In view of the increasing socioeconomic disparity in Hong Kong in the past decade, this proposed study aims at investigating the existence, magnitude, pattern and manifestations of socioeconomic gradients in school readiness of preschool children, as well as interpreting how these are shaped and mediated through families, institutions and the wider communities.
Objectives
1) To adapt and validate the Chinese Early Development Instrument (CEDI);
2) To investigate the socioeconomic gradients in school readiness of preschool children in relation to family SES, contextual effect, and family processes.
Methods
This study employs a cross-sectional research design comprising two stages. Stage one was a stand-alone pilot study to translate and validate the Chinese version of Early Development Instrument (CEDI). A total of 167 K3 children (4 kindergartens) from Hong Kong Island (HKI, the affluent district) and Yuen Long (YL, the disadvantaged district) were recruited.
Stage two was the main study to examine socioeconomic gradients in school readiness. 567 K3 children of 21 kindergartens from YL and HKI were recruited. Four hypotheses regarding socio-economic gradients in terms of existence, magnitude, pattern, and mediating mechanism were tested using two-level linear models.
Results
CEDI showed adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from .70 to .95. The concurrent validity of CEDI was established using The Pearson correlations between CEDI and Hong Kong Early Child Development Scale (HKECDS), locally developed direct assessment, ranged from .39 to .66 with statistical significance (p<.05). The test-retest reliability of CEDI was analyzed, and the kappa coefficient was .89, demonstrating a good stability of CEDI.
In the main study, children from YL have a significantly lower total CEDI domain score of emotional maturity (p= .025) and language and cognitive development (p= .01) than their counterparts from HKI. Girls scored significant higher on the total CEDI scores (mean= 44.5, sd= 4.80) than their male counterparts (mean=42.52, sd=6.10), and significantly less proportion of girls than boys were classified as developmentally vulnerable in at least one CEDI domains (26.0% girls vs. 35.8% boys, p=0.12).
Hypothesis testing regarding existence of socioeconomic gradient by multi-level modeling suggested a significant association between the overall developmental outcomes of children and family SES index. Testing of kindergarten’s contextual effect showed that kindergarten level variables (annual school fees, teacher education background and working experience) accounted for significant proportion of variance in the total CEDI score. Additionally, our results supported the mediating effect of family processes (i.e., frequency of parent-child interactions and management of child digital use at home) in explaining socioeconomic gradients in child developmental outcomes.
Conclusions
CEDI is a psychometric sound measurement tool for early child development and assessing school readiness in Chinese society. Using CEDI, the evidence gathered from the main study demonstrated the existence of socioeconomic gradient with a significant association between the developmental outcomes of children and family SES, and highlighted the mediating effects from kindergarten and family levels, which are potentially modifiable to bridge the gap between the rich and poor.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
11
Tůmová, Pavla. "Mezigenerační srovnání společenského postavení". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My diploma thesis is based on data from Survey on income and living conditions 2011 from ad hoc module on intergenerational disadvantages. The study investigates the transmission of social status from one generation to another. The diploma thesis includes descriptive statistics and data analysis. The main goal is to determine the dependency of socio-economic variables on social status transmission. To examine the strength of transmission of social status (education and occupation) logistic regression was used. In the analysis are respondents in the age 30 -- 60 years old, who lived at least with one of their parents. Due to a large number of respondents dataset enables detailed separation to groups by age groups, education level etc. followed by differences comparison between defined groups. Using the wage mechanism data are representative for population structure of Czech Republic.
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Кириченко, Костянтин Іванович, Константин Иванович Кириченко e Kostiantyn Ivanovych Kyrychenko. "Economic-ecological interconnection. Educational background". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8541.
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Malmberg, Lovisa. "Female Entrepreneurship : Self-fulfilment and Legacy, or Money andSurvival?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15284.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our world is not equal, and women are in a greater extent affected by the inequalities. Extra vulnerable for the inequalities are women in developing countries. In order to empower women and strive towards gender equality, female entrepreneurship has shown positive effects for women in developing countries. Entrepreneurial development programmers are implemented by both organizations and governments, with the aim of engaging women into business. In order to study the entrepreneurial motivations and outcomes of women in a developing country, a field study was conducted in Zambia. Organizations, working with entrepreneurial business training, as well as female entrepreneurs who took part in an entrepreneurial business training programme, were interviewed during a ten-week stay in Zambia. A comparison between women with a low level of education and a high level of education was done, in order to see whether their entrepreneurial motivations and outcomes deviate or correlates. From the findings of this study, it was concluded that women with different educational background have different motivations for entering entrepreneurial activities. Women with a higher level of education had personal motivations for entering, such as personal fulfilment, the wish to actualize an idea and the wish to leave a legacy. On the other hand, women with a low level of education were forced into entrepreneurship, in order to support for their family and mainly their children. However, regarding the entrepreneurial outcomes, they correlate, showing that entrepreneurship and business training has given Zambian women self-confidence and a business-mind.Vi lever i en ojämlik värld. Världens ojämlikheter påverkar kvinnor i större utsträckning än män, och extra utsatta är kvinnor i utvecklingsländer. I arbetet för att sträva mot jämlikhet och kvinnors uppnådda egenmakt har kvinnligt företagande visat positiva effekter för kvinnor i utvecklingsländer. För att vidare studera kvinnors motivationer och uppnådda effekter utav kvinnligt företagande i utvecklingsländer har en fältstudie utförts i Zambia. Organisationer som arbetar med utbildning inom företagande, i kombination med kvinnliga entreprenörer som tagit del av ett sådant utbildningsprogram har under tio veckor intervjuats på plats i Zambia. En jämförelse mellan kvinnor med hög respektive låg utbildningsnivå hargenomförts för att ta reda på om utbildningsbakgrund har påverkat deras motivationer och effekter av entreprenörskap. Resultaten av studien visar att kvinnor med olika utbildningsnivåhar olika motivationer för att starta företag. Kvinnor med högre utbildning startar företag av personliga skäl, så som önskan om självförverkligande, viljan att göra en idé till verklighet och viljan att lämna något efter sig. Kvinnor med lägre utbildningsnivå, startar å andra sidan företag på grund av att det är deras enda val. De tvingas in i entreprenörskap för att kunna försörja sina familjer, främst sina barn. Däremot visar effekterna av entreprenörskap likheter mellan kvinnorna, trots ojämn utbildningsnivå. Effekterna av entreprenörskap och företagsutbildning har gett zambiska kvinnor självförtroende och har hos dem utvecklat ett nytt företagstänk. Hädanefter kommer uppsatsen att presenteras på engelska.
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Asprino, Luigi <1988>. "Engineering Background Knowledge for Social Robots". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9020/1/asprino_luigi_tesi.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social robots are embodied agents that continuously perform knowledge-intensive tasks involving several kinds of information coming from different heterogeneous sources. Providing a framework for engineering robots' knowledge raises several problems like identifying sources of information and modeling solutions suitable for robots' activities, integrating knowledge coming from different sources, evolving this knowledge with information learned during robots' activities, grounding perceptions on robots' knowledge, assessing robots' knowledge with respect humans' one and so on. In this thesis we investigated feasibility and benefits of engineering background knowledge of Social Robots with a framework based on Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data. This research has been supported and guided by a case study that provided a proof of concept through a prototype tested in a real socially assistive context.
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Ceylan, Evelina. "The Labor Market Performance of Individuals with Foreign Backgrounds". Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53720.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper uses individual data from a collected survey, performed in Sweden by the SOM institute, to study individuals with foreign backgrounds in the labor market. We use The Ordinary Least Squares model, where we control for age, education, and gender to explore the difference in incomes between immigrants, children of immigrants, and natives in wage-employment, unemployment, and self-employment. The contribution of this paper is the second generation immigrants, we will assess their performance on the labor market in order to evaluate if self-employment is a profitable alternative. The second generation immigrants act as a benchmark for a functioning integration policy, it is therefore crucial to examine if we can observe any labor market barriers for the second-generation immigrants. The result display that immigrants do perform worse in both wage-employment and self-employment compared to natives. By being self-employed, immigrants earn 25.9 percent less than if they would have been wage-employed. The situation for the children of immigrants is different. Children of immigrants seem to perform better than immigrants on the labor market, especially in wage-employment. One could therefore conclude that since immigrants struggle with finding wage-employment, self-employment may be an alternative. However, self-employment should not be an option for the children of immigrants. It seems that they succeed in finding wage-employment, and they do better in wage-employment compared to self-employment. So, the promotion of self-employment should be more cautiously made since it may not always have a good economic outcome for the individual.
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Mahlangu, Sibusisiwe Nomvula. "Resilience processes employed by families from a low socio-economic background". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52941.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to explore and understand the resilience processes
employed by families from a low socio-economic background living in a
predominantly black township (Mamelodi). The study further aimed to assess how
the participants’ experiences have shaped their perceptions of their society. Walsh’s
family resilience framework (2003) served as a conceptual framework for the study.
Two grandparent-headed households were selected from an ongoing study at a nongovernmental
organisation and drop-in centre in Mamelodi. A qualitative
methodology was suitable for this study, because it aims to understand how the
participants derive meaning from the social and cultural contexts within which they
live. The two focus group discussions were conducted in isiZulu, with a translator
present during the grandmothers’ focus group discussion, because one of the
grandmothers spoke Xitsonga. The sessions were audio-recorded and later
transcribed. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis in order to
deduce themes that emerged from the participants’ experiences. Based on the
results, a better understanding of how families from low socio-economic backbackgrounds
develop their resilience was established through the themes that
emerged, which were as follows: belief system, flexibility of roles and
connectedness, unsupportive environment, and self-empowerment. The results were
related to existing literature and Walsh’s family resilience framework.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Educational Psychology
MEd
17
Carlsson, Dahlberg Johan. "Social background, social mobility,and becoming a parent in Sweden". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to examine what effect social background may have on the timing of becoming a parent in Sweden. By applying event-history techniques to data from the Swedish level of living survey (LNU) we try to separate the direct from the indirect effect of social background on timing of first childbearing. Few previous studies have focused on characteristics of social background and analysis of intergenerational effects on the age of becoming a parent. In this study, we show that the risk of becoming a parent is different for those who are mobile than for the socially non-mobile. The effect of social background on the propensity of becoming a parent is not just indirect via persons own educational careers. When we control for own educational level much of the impact of social background on the propensity of becoming a parent remains. We clearly show the existence of a significant direct effect of social background on the propensity to become a parent.
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Mukherjee, Manna. "Socio-economic background of child labour in Siliguri city of West Bengal". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/217.
Testo completo
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Watts, Michael James. "Value of a privileged background". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis considers how informational imperfections may give rise to advantages for those born to relatively rich parents. The first chapter focuses on the separation of some societies into different classes. Within the model, classes provide greater advantages to those from privileged backgrounds and, even in the absence of legal barriers preventing the lower classes from accessing skilled jobs, the skilled amongst them are still de facto denied access to high paying jobs through statistical discrimination. This chapter shows that there can be a net benefit from class discrimination, versus a classless state, when it creates information relating to the abilities of the upper class. This theme is expanded on in chapter two where a signalling model more explicitly describes the statistical discrimination suffered by some members of society. The advantage conferred on those from privileged backgrounds generates income dispersion, which in turn reinforces the advantages of the rich. If this feedback is strong enough, the model may exhibit multiplicity of steady states. This multiplicity of steady states is backward looking: the income dispersion today depends on the extent to which firms use the information available to them, which in turn depends on the income dispersion in the previous generation. The model of chapter two also demonstrates why societies with more "meritocratic" institutions may exhibit less intergenerational income mobility: the income dispersion that meritocracy creates increases the value of a privileged upbringing. The final chapter adds parental investment to the model. In doing so it brings the model more squarely in line with the statistical discrimination literature, although the model does not exhibit a multiplicity of equilibria. There is a unique optimal investment rule for parents. Exogenous shocks to meritocracy are again examined. Meritocracy increases income variance and hence, from behind the veil of ignorance, creates greater uncertainty over the income an individual will receive. The model describes how a risk averse person might prefer to be born into an economy where they expect to be poorer but avoid this increased uncertainty, and so despite raising incomes, meritocracy may make agents, on average, more unhappy.
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Holmberg, Bårman Joakim. "Power to Gas : Background & techno-economic scenario analysis at Söderåsen Biogas plant". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228060.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Power to gas is an emerging energy storage technology with great versatility. This thesis investigates the economic prospects of investing in such a facility via a case study linked to the Söderåren biogas plant in southern Sweden.The basis for this study is cash flow scenario analysis based on revenues and costs, which are referred as scenario parameters. Each of these parameters have different options to choose from, with nominal values chosen as the most likely options for each scenario parameter. In current market condition it was observed that installing power to gas is not profitable. However after exploring numerous combinations of scenarios, it was found that the electrical grid fee charges and higher ancillary service income was critical to achieve a viable business case for power to gas. Another scenario achieved profitability with a small margin which occurred when the grid fee was removed, referred as “grid fee off”. Both the most likely scenario and grid fee off scenario included sensitivity analysis. This was used to observe the impact of net present value when changing one parameter at a time.Power to gas/ El till gas är en teknik på frammarsch med mångsidiga egenskaper. Den här master uppsatsen ämnar att undersöka om power to gas är lönsamt att investera idag vid en anläggning i södra Sverige vid namn Söderåsen/Wrams biogasanläggning. Samt överskåda under vilka ekonomiska den skulle kunna bli lönsam. Resultaten kan extrapoleras till liknande biogasanläggningar med liknande ekonomiska förutsättningar.Grunden för denna studie är analys av kassaflödesscenarion baserat på intäkter och kostnader, vilket kommer att refereras till som scenarioparametrar. Var och en av dessa parametrar har olika alternativ att välja mellan, där en av dessa parametrar antas vara det mest troliga alternativet att hända verkligheten. I nuvarande marknadsförhållanden observerades det att installation av el till gas inte är lönsam. Däremot efter att ha undersökt en mängd olika scenario, tillsammans 90 stycken kombinationer av scenarier (mer finns i bilagan), visade det sig att nätavgiften var avgörande för att uppnå en bärkraftig affärssituation för el till gas. Ett alternativt scenario med slopad nätavgift illustreras därefter. Känslighetsanalys sker i det mest troliga scenariot och i det alternativa scenariot utav projektets nuvärde för belysa ändring av enskilda scenario parametrars inverkan på resultatet.En intressant men osäker ekonomisk möjlighet diskuteras kring möjligheterna att ersätta uppgraderingsenheten för konventionella biogasenheter helt och hållet. Det diskuteras hur vissa parametrar korrelerar samt ifall det går att ekonomiskt motivera an slopning av nätavgiften.Slutligen tas rekommendationer till framtida studier upp.
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Silva, Ana Cláudia Annegues da. "Mobilidade intergeracional qualificada: uma abordagem de mensuração utilizando regressões quantílicas". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5020.
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This study aims to empirically analyze the intergenerational income mobility in the light of this concept. For this, two empirical tests are performed with education of parents and children data in Canada and Brazil. The methodological procedure consists of: 1) estimate the relationship between the schooling of children and parents and 2) analyze the behavior of the error of the regression through the socioeconomic status of the parents; is expected to reduce the error variance for parents with more education. We opted also by the method of quantile regression, given the problem of identification of model, pointed out by Figueiredo, Lima e Schaur (2014), present in the estimations by least squares. The results showed that in Canada the education of parents has significant influence on the education of children. Furthermore, it was found that the qualified mobility is verified, since the error variance is negatively related to parents' education. The results for Brazil show increasing variance with the level of parental education, so that the intergenerational mobility did not correspond the characteristics of a qualified mobility.
O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar empiricamente a mobilidade intergeracional de resultado à luz do conceito de Igualdade de Oportunidades Qualificada. Para isso, são realizados dois testes empíricos com dados de educação de pais e filhos do Canadá e do Brasil. O procedimento metodológico consiste em: 1) estimar a relação entre a escolaridade dos filhos e dos pais e 2) analisar o comportamento do erro da regressão através do status socioeconômico dos pais; espera-se que a variância do erro reduza para os pais com maior nível de instrução. Optou-se, ainda, pelo método de regressão por quantil, dado o problema de identificação do modelo, apontado por Figueiredo, Lima e Schaur (2014), presente nas estimações por mínimos quadrados. Os resultados mostraram que no Canadá a educação dos pais tem influência significativa sobre a educação dos filhos. Além disso, constatou-se que a mobilidade qualificada é verificada, uma vez que a variância do erro é negativamente relacionada com a escolaridade dos pais. Os resultados para o Brasil mostraram uma variância crescente com o nível de instrução dos pais, de forma que a mobilidade intergeracional não correspondeu às características de uma mobilidade qualificada.
22
Zelenková, Miroslava. "Epidemiological study of obesity in populations of different racial, cultural, economic and dietary background". Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cílem práce bylo zjistit a zhodnotit, zda provedení adjustabilní žaludeční bandáže (bariatrická léčba) u morbidně obézních pacientů (BMI>35) vede k signifikantnímu snížení hodnoty BMI a dále na základě vybraných kritérií zhodnotit současnou situaci v oblasti obezity ve světě. Byly stanoveny dvě hypotézy: H1: provedení adjustabilní žaludeční bandáže morbidně obézním pacientům vede k signifikantnímu snížení BMI a hypotéza H2: existují rozdíly v hodnotách BMI v závislosti na geografick&eacu te;m původu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišnostech. Sledování se uskutečnila v klinickém centru ISCARE I.V.F. a. s. v Praze na pracovišti Centra pro léčbu obezity. Byla statisticky zpracována a zhodnocena data 159 obézních pacientů (BMI>35) operovaných v rámci bariatrické chirurgie metodou adjustabilní gastrické bandáže (věk, pohlaví, stupeň dosaženého vzdělání, hodnota BMI před operačním výkonem, 1. týden po operaci, 1 měsíc po operaci, 3 měsíce po operaci, 6 měsíců po operaci, 1 rok po operaci a komplikace související s výkonem a léčbou) a dále data WHO o hodnotách BMI podle geografického regionu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišností.
Hypotéza H1 byla potvrzena. Po adjustabilní žaludeční bandáži dochází u pacientů k statisticky významnému poklesu (P<0,05) hodnoty BMI (ze 42,27 - + 5,58 na 35,13 - + 6,0). Pokles hodnoty BMI není závislý na věku pacienta ani na pohlaví pacienta, avšak je signifikantně (P<0,05) ovlivněn stupněm dosaženého vzdělání. Nejlepších výsledků bylo dosaženo u vysokoškolsky vzdělaných pacientů. Procento komplikací (4,4%) po operačním zákroku bylo vzhledem k počtu provedených zákroků nízké. Také hypotéza H2 byla potvrzena. Byly prokázány rozdíly v z& aacute;vislosti na geografickém regionu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišnostech. První místo v dosažené hodnotě BMI zaujímá Severní Amerika, naopak nízké hodnoty BMI vykazují státy Subsaharské Afriky, u evropské populace byl zjištěn vyšší BMI u mužů nežli u žen v porovnání se zbývajícími hodnocenými oblastmi. Muži Severní Ameriky zaujímají první místo svou hodnotou BMI, zatímco u žen je to Střední Východ a Severní Afrika. Byl zjištěn pouze statisticky nevýznamný nárůst BMI v jednotlivých oblastech světa. Existuje signifikantní rozdíl (P< 0,05) v hodnotách BMI mezi ekonomicky vyspělými a ekonomicky méně vysp ělými státy. V ekonomicky méně vyspělých zemích existují rozdíly mezi BMI žen a mužů, kdy ženy mají průkazně vyšší (P< 0,05) hodnoty BMI oproti mužům. Obecně nejvyšší BMI vykazují státy s křesťanskou kulturou, poté státy s kulturou islámskou a nakonec státy ovlivněné buddhismem a hinduismem. U ekonomicky méně vyspělých států je dosahováno nejvyššího BMI u křesťanských států, naopak z ekonomicky vyspělých států mají nejvyšší hodnotu BMI státy s islámskou kulturou.
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Alvarez, Benjumea Amalia. "Homophily and Ethnic Background in the Classroom". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117594.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research presents a study of ethnic homophily, i.e. the tendency of agents to be connected to similar others, in the school context. It uses two observations of the complete social network of a cohort of Swedish students (n=115) in a secondary school. The study analyses the scope of the selective attachment and the student’s possible motivations to seek similarity, as well as its interrelation to homophily induced by structural organization or foci. It focuses in the interrelation between the individual motivation to seek similarity and how the context of opportunity is organized. Sociometric data was collected during a school year and the model is based in crosscuts of the friendship network. Homophily in respect to ethnic origin was found in the first time point, with students making connections within the in-group. The effect of ethnic homophily seems to decrease between the time points, with evidence of an effect of structural constraints that gained importance over time. Results suggest that organisational divisions in classrooms play a decisive role in the pattern of friendship connections in the school
24
Feront, Cecile. "How do privileged insiders become change agents? A study of institutional volition". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33660.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While we have a sense of why institutionally marginalized individuals or dominant actors become change agents, it is less clear what motivates privileged insiders - those who have reaped advantages from existing institutional arrangements because of their education, their socio-economic background, their citizenship, their gender, or their race. I combine a symbolic interactionist perspective on social conduct with a structural perspective on frames to explore the process of institutional volition and the conditions under which privileged insiders may become engaged in different types of institutional change work to address societal issues. Institutional volition is the reflective process leading people to engage in purposeful efforts to shape or transform dominant institutional arrangements. My study reveals variances in the institutional volition of privileged insiders that explains why some of these actors engage in work to repair institutions, while others engage in work to transform them, either disrupting or creating institutions. My study draws attention to the distinct role of feelings rather than emotions in determining whether and how privileged insiders engage in institutional change work. It also suggests that these actors commit to transformative change when they acknowledge their complicity in the perpetuation of institutional injustices. Finally, I show that privileged insiders need to reframe their role in order to use it as a resource to engage in institutional disruption or creation work.
25
Roy, Nirmal Chandra. "The origin, growth and the decline of the Uttarkhanda Dal (1969-1987)". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2749.
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Galeotti, Andrea. "On social and economic networks". [Amsterdam] : Rotterdam : Thela Thesis ; Erasmus University [Host], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/1920.
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Stefansson, Kolbeinn. "Economic inequality and social class". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:33ce091f-dda6-42cc-a824-c6407e5cd265.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is about social class and economic inequality, using the Goldthorpe class schema. It tests theories claiming that social class is increasingly irrelevant to inequality and people's life-chances with data on incomes and material living standards from the British Household Panel Survey. It covers the period over which the survey ran, i.e. 1991-2008. During this time many prominent social theories dismissed class analyses while others sought to retain the class concept but dismissed its economic foundations, seeking to ground it in culture instead. Economic inequality has not figured highly on the agenda of class analysts, at least not those working with the Goldthorpe class schema. There is a substantial body of work on mobility, voting behaviour, income poverty and material deprivation, but inequality in a broader sense has for the most part been neglected. This thesis is a step towards rectifying this situation. Thus it provides new information about within-career social mobility as well as income inequality within and between classes, on whether income mobility reduces class inequalities over time, and cast light on class inequalities in material living standards. The findings suggest that class is far from irrelevant to economic inequality. Class differences in incomes are persistent, between class inequalities contribute more to inequality overall than within-class inequalities, and while income mobility does reduce class inequalities over time it is not to the extent that supports the hypothesis that class is irrelevant to people's economic fortunes.
28
Мішеніна, Наталя Вікторівна, Наталия Викторовна Мишенина, Natalia Viktorivna Mishenina e N. V. Oliynik. "Social capital and economic development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12844.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The concept of social capital is generally associated with social and civic participation and with networks of cooperation and solidarity. But other, more abstract, concepts are also associated with social capital, such as social cohesion, trust, reciprocity, and institutional effectiveness.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12844
29
Chong, Yee Wai. "Social network and economic incentives /". May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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30
Mulberg, Jonathan David. "Social limits to economic theory". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109304/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation effects a complete re-orientation of economic theory. It shows how the economic cannot be analysed separately from the political and the social, and lays the foundation for an integrated political economy. The work examines the philosophical difficulties faced by economists, and re-draws the history of economic thought as a response to methodological dilemmas. The traditional History of Economics textbooks re-write the history in terms of the contemporary paradigm. This dissertation, by contrast, shows how the philosophical debates have shaped the trajectory of economics, and how the orientations of the schools undergo major changes so as to attempt to deal with the fundamental dilemmas of a 'policy science’. It brings out the 'hidden history’ of economics, and shows both how laissez-faire can only be defended by dropping any notion of economic 'science', and how economic theory has an implied political theory. It then considers the debate over political economic theory and the consequences for economic organisation and for environmental disruption.
31
Ordyan, Gevorg. "Social status and economic behavior". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119884/1/Gevorg_Ordyan_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research investigated how social status impacts economic behavior. First experiment inspired by Range-Frequency Theory tests whether the position between top and bottom members of a comparison group affects social risk-attitudes. The study found no such impact. Second experiment examined the role of internal status hierarchy within small groups during collective risky decisions. Hierarchy does not lead to faster collective decisions as we hypothesise. On the contrary, low-status males resist more during collective decisions. Third experiment investigated the impact of two-dimensional social status on ultimatum bargaining. The study found no evidence of conflict when subjects hold opposite set of statuses on two different hierarchies.
32
Castrignano, Stefania <1992>. "Social entrepreneurship and economic development". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12748.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon has been growing in the whole world, especially in the last 30 years, and involves entities operating in the third sector as well as for-profits. This phenomenon is of particular interest because it is more and more conceived as an innovative tool to addresses social needs which are not met either by the public nor by the private sector, therefore solving the “market failures”. Thus, social entrepreneurship is considered by some as a revolutionary method to achieve sustainable, self-sufficient and long-term social impact. This way, in the bigger picture, it could be the expression of a new economic mindset: a way to achieve sustainable economic and social development in a new emerging and changing economic paradigm. Despite the fact that the concept has been receiving a lot of attention from several actors in society and scholars as well, there is still no consensus on the definition of the concept, nor a developed theoretical framework to build the future studies on or to help practitioners nowadays. The master thesis will base on the existing literature to try to define the drivers of the phenomenon and the concept of social entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from other kind of activities. Afterwards, focus will be put on the forms of social entrepreneurship, particularly on the social enterprise. The scope of the phenomenon will be described and particular attention will be put on if and how social entrepreneurship impacts local and national economic development.
33
Patterson, Kathryn Anna. "How Class Background Influences Negative Countertransference in Outreach Therapy". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1377775355.
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34
Peard, Robert, e mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Effect of social background on the development of probabilistic concepts". Deakin University, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.154933.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research explores how the social backgrounds of a group of students contributed to their intuitive knowledge in probabilistic reasoning, and influenced their processing of the associated mathematics. A group of Year 11 students who came from families for whom the phenomenon of track gambling formed an important part of their cultural background was identified. Another group consisting of students in the same mathematics course (Year 11 Maths in Society) but from families for whom the phenomenon of gambling in any form was totally absent from their social backgrounds was identified. Twenty students were selected from each group.
The research employed a qualitative methodology in which a phenomenographic approach was used to investigate the qualitatively different ways in which individuals within the two groups thought about concepts involving probabilistic reasoning, and processed the related mathematical skills and concepts. The cognitive processes involved in the applications of probabilistic and related mathematical concepts in a variety of both gambling and non-gambling situations were studied in order to determine whether this culturally based knowledge could be viewed as a type of ethnomathematics.
Data were obtained through individual structured interviews which enabled patterns of reasoning to be compared and contrasted. Analyses of these data enabled intuitive mathematical understandings possessed by the gamblers not only to be identified, but also to be linked with their social backgrounds. Also differences between how individuals in the two groups processed probabilistic and associated mathematical knowledge were determined. This research complements and extends existing knowledge and theories related to culturally-based mathematical knowledge. Implications for further research, for classroom teaching, and for curriculum development in the study of probability in senior secondary mathematics classes are discussed.
35
Sha, Di. "Parental education background, social support, and preschool-aged children with obesity". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143174.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem. The present study investigated the association of parental educational background and social support with children’s weight status, and assessed whether parental depression influences the association of educational background and social support with children’s weight status. The study included data from 175 children in Stockholm County aged 4–6 years with obesity and a mean body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) of 3.2; 45% of the cohort were male. Data included information provided by 98 mothers and 93 fathers. Forty-four percent of mothers had a university education, 66% were overweight or obese, and 77% displayed minimal depression symptoms. Forty-six percent of fathers had a university education, 52% were overweight or obese, and 87% displayed minimal depression symptoms. The association between parental educational background and social support and child BMI SDS was investigated using regression analysis for mothers and fathers. Results showed that educational level reported by fathers was negatively associated with high BMI SDS among children. Even after controlling for covariates, a low level of paternal education remained associated with a high BMI SDS among the children. Neither social support nor parental depression modified the effect of parental education on child BMI SDS.
36
Biersteker, Linda. "An investigation into the object grouping behaviour of young children from a low socio-economic background". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15797.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bibliography: leaves 159-171.Recent studies of object grouping in infants and preschool children by Sugarman (1983) suggest that they are capable of conceptualising inter-relationships between objects - a view which differs from accounts of classification by Inhelder and Piaget (1964) and Vygotsky (1962). These studies have concentrated on Western middle-class subjects. This study investigated the development of conceptual organisation seen in the grouping of sets of objects by young children, classified as "Coloured", from a low socio-economic background. A second focus of the study was on the effect of specific task variables on object grouping behaviour. Thirty-one low income subjects divided into four age groups - 16-24, 25-30, 31-36 and 37-42 months, were given six different free sorting tasks. Each involved the presentation of a scrambled array of eight objects to be divided into two classes. In one task the objects could be classified by bi-dimensional criteria, in the others by a single criterion. Subjects' spontaneous manipulations of the objects were measured in three ways - temporal grouping, spatial grouping and grouping procedure. Verbal references to class relations were also coded. For measures of temporal and spatial grouping, frequency of consistent one- and two-class groupings and inclusiveness of constructions were noted. Grouping procedure provided a measure of whether or not both classes were simultaneously considered. An additional two tasks designed to elicit simultaneous consideration of both classes were also administered to each subject. The data was analysed for differential age and task effects on grouping. The results indicate that performance on these tasks showed the same general developmental trends and task effects as those found in recent studies of middle-class children for both unidimensional and bidimensional groupings, thus confirming Sugarman's observations and suggesting a universal process of conceptual development. However, there was some evidence of a slower rate of development and levels of verbalisation were lower than those observed in studies of middle-class children. Subjects in this study could conceptually inter-relate objects shown both in their bidimensional groupings and in mixed order grouping procedure, but the latter was evident in elicited groupings and not in spontaneous play. These differences are discussed in relation to performance variables such as response set.
37
Park, Gil-Hwan. "Economic and Social Networks: Impacts on Regional Economic Outcomes and Concentrations". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1264534311.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jan. 27, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-203). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
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Vigier, Adrien. "Essays on economic and social networks". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609482.
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Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко e Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. "Some economic aspects of social capital". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nowadays innovation-oriented development of particular socio-economic system is no longer considered as a result of some individual breakthrough, it was substituted by systematic work of specially created professional networks of different kind and size. Formal and informal interrelations among talented workers, knowledge management, creative environment, social capital, organizational culture becomes the new frontier of competitive advantage.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091
40
Kharlamova, G. "Environmental security: economic and social aspects". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ecology – is complex problem, so complex decisions are needed.
Preservation of environment and acceptance of administrative decisions, recreational use of natural resources of natural-resources fund territories demand certain regulating actions. These actions have to be based on exact basis of complex interdisciplinary approach to environment security.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022
41
Маценко, Олександр Михайлович, Александр Михайлович Маценко, Oleksandr Mykhailovych Matsenko e Y. G. Rudenko. "Importance dataware for social-economic systems". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10165.
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Berger, Guy. "Social structure and rural economic development". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007643.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
New concepts and a synthesis of existing theories may assist in studying the relationship between social structure, development and rural development. The concept of social structure encompasses the concept of economic structure which may be analysed in terms of three "Moments" of production. On this basis, one can distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous relations of production structures. "Homogeneous relations" together with "system dynamics" and ''reproduction", define the concept of a mode of production. "Development" refers to the expansion of total productive capacity, premissed on advanced means of production, and corresponding to the particular relations and forces of production in an economic system. The capitalist mode of production has both tendencies and countertendencies to development. The latter prevail in the Third World due to the admixture and heterogeneity of production relations there, and to their subordinate articulation within an international capitalist economic system. In this context, underdevelopment is the result of the specific factors of monopoly competition, dependence-extraversion, disarticulation-unevenness, the three-tier structure of the peripheral economy, surplus transfer, and class structures and struggles. Rural development can be understood in terms of the specific contribution of agriculture to development, theorized as the "Agrarian Question". Agrarian capitalism has been slow to develop in the Third World, and the state of agriculture remains a problem there. "Rural development" has emerged as a deliberate and interventionist state strategy designed to restructure agrarian relations for development. This has contributed to the formation of particular heterogeneous relations of production articulated to the capitalist mode. In this context, the character of the associated classes has left the Agrarian Question unresolved. "Rural development" continues because it has an important~ and even primary, political significance - although this is not without contradictions.
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Di, Clemente Riccardo. "Essays on economic and social complexity". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2014. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/135/1/Di_Clemente_phdthesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The multidisciplinary approach to problem solving involves
drawing appropriately from different viewpoints to redefine
problems outside of normal boundaries and reach solutions
based on a new understanding of complex situations. Social
and economics science have always borrowed and embraced
tools and instruments from mathematics and physics
to develop their theories. Historically a real multidisciplinary methodology to economic and social issues has been neglected by the academic researchers due to a widespread gap in their formal approach. Recently a new interdisciplinary framework has been developed connecting together social and economics theories with the complex systems analysis; this approach reveals new conceptual prospectives and methodologies thanks to its multiple-level viewpoint, which are able to disclose novel challenges and problems. This thesis collects three different multidisciplinary approaches to social and economic
behaviors formalized with the complex systems tools. Chapter 2: We introduce a statistical agent based model to describe the phenomenon of drug abuse and its dynamical evolution at the individual and global level. The agents are heterogeneous with respect to their intrinsic inclination to drugs, to their budget attitude and social environment. The various levels of drug use were inspired by the professional description of the phenomenon and this permits a direct comparison with all available data. We show that certain elements have a great importance to start the use of drugs, for example the rare events in the personal experiences which permit to overcome
the barrier of drug use occasionally. The analysis of how the system reacts to perturbations is very important to understand its key elements and it provides strategies for effective policy making. The present model represents the first step of a realistic description of this phenomenon and can be easily generalized in various directions. Chapter 3: We characterize the statistical law according to which Italian primary school-size distributes. We find that the schoolsize can be approximated by a log-normal distribution, with a fat lower tail that collects a large number of very small schools. The upper tail of the school-size distribution decreases exponentially and the growth rates are distributed with a Laplace PDF. These distributions are similar to those observed for firms and are consistent with a Bose-Einstein preferential attachment process. The body of the distribution features a bimodal shape suggesting some source of heterogeneity
in the school organization that we uncover by an indepth
analysis of the relation between schools-size and citysize.
We propose a novel cluster methodology and a new
spatial interaction approach among schools which outline the
variety of policies implemented in Italy. Different regional
policies are also discussed shedding lights on the relation between policy and geographical features. Chapter 4: By analyzing the distribution of revenues across the production
sectors of quoted firms we suggest a novel dimension
that drives the firms diversification process at country level. Data show a non trivial macro regional clustering of the diversification process, which underlines the relevance of geopolitical environments in determining the microscopic dynamics of economic entities. These findings demonstrate the possibility of singling out in complex ecosystems those microfeatures that emerge at macro-levels, which could be of particular relevance for decision-makers in selecting the appropriate parameters to be acted upon in order to achieve desirable results. The understanding of this micro-macro information exchange is further deepened through the introduction of a simplified dynamic model.
44
Nosenzo, Daniele. "Social preferences and social comparisons". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11362/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 1 introduces the thesis providing an overview of the common themes and methods underlying this research. Chapter 2 reports an experiment that examines the characteristics of effective leaders in a leader-follower voluntary contributions game. We focus on two factors: leaders’ cooperativeness and their beliefs about followers’cooperativeness. We find that groups perform best when led by cooperatively inclined leaders, partly because they are intrinsically motivated to contribute more than non-cooperative leaders, partly because they are more optimistic about followers’ cooperativeness. Chapter 3 reports an experiment comparing sequential and simultaneous contributions to a public good in a quasi-linear two-person setting. As predicted, we find that overall provision may be lower under sequential than simultaneous contributions. However, we also find that the distribution of contributions is more equitable than predicted when the first-mover is predicted to free-ride, but not when the second-mover is predicted to free-ride. These results can be explained by second-movers’ willingness to punish free-riders, and unwillingness to reward first-movers who contribute. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of social comparisons on reciprocal relationships. Using a three-person gift- exchange game we study how employees’ reciprocity towards an employer is affected by pay comparison information (information about what co-workers earn) and effort comparison information (information about how co-workers perform). We find that pay comparison information does not affect reciprocity, while effort comparison information can influence reciprocal relationships in important ways. Chapter 5 also examines the impact of pay comparisons on effort behaviour. We compare effort in a treatment where co-workers’ wages are secret with effort in two ‘public wages’ treatments differing in whether co-workers’ wages are chosen by an employer, or are fixed exogenously by the experimenter. We find that pay comparisons are detrimental for effort, particularly when coworkers’ wages are exogenous. Chapter 6 summarises the findings of this research and concludes.
45
Wildenboer, Roux. "ASGISA : a study of the background to and challenges facing the new economic framework of the South African government". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14907.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The improvement of economic growth and development is a strategic priority for the South African government. It is important in all developing economies, but more so in South Africa due to the abnormally high levels of poverty, unemployment and income inequality. Substantive failure in addressing these circumstances may lead to social unrest in a democracy that is still in many respects in its infancy. AsgiSA is an initiative that was launched in 2006 as a further development on the first two developmental strategies followed post 1994, namely the Reconstruction and Development Programme and the Growth, Employment and Redistribution strategy. This research study sets out to examine the background to AsgiSA, its binding constraints and challenges facing the initiative. In doing so, the report draws comparisons with two other successful developing economies, namely Chile and Malaysia. These countries were chosen because of the social, economic and political similarities they share with South Africa. The report examines the concept of binding constraints as espoused by AsgiSA and focuses specifically on the volatility and level of the rand, the skills constraint and the regulatory environment. The research shows that there is no compelling evidence that a particular level of the rand should be targeted. The volatility of the rand is however a constraint to economic growth as represented by export growth. The shortage of suitable skills in the labour force is found to be a significant constraint to economic growth and development. The origin of this skills constraint is found in a combination of the economic and political history. South Africa's economic and political development path did not promote a diversified and skilled labour force which is well placed to capitalise on the opportunities of global trade. The lack of educational advances after 1994 has not improved this dilemma, and in recent years immigration has exacerbated the problem. Together with the skills constraint, the current regulatory environment acts as a significant constraint to economic growth. The regulatory burden is increasing and it was found that the burden is disproportionately carried by medium and small enterprises. A comparison with the successes of Chile and Malaysia shows that government has a very important role in facilitating economic growth in developing countries. Market oriented policies aimed at regulatory reforn, liberalisation and integration with the world economy lead to superior economic growth and development. The ability to change and even abandon strategies which prove to be unsuccessful and laden with ideology is required. AsgiSA is found to be a sound approach to economic growth and development in South Africa. With the exception of the level of the rand, the constraints identified all have significant negative influences on the economy. The document has however not been followed up with enough concrete and practical plans to give effect to its objectives. To ensure AsgiSA reaches its objectives it will be necessary for the government to act with political will and administrative competence in implementing the reforms that address the binding constraints. It is doubtful if the current government possesses the will and competence to give effect to the measures that will make a success of Asgisa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bevordering van ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling is 'n strategiese prioriteit van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering. Belangrik vir alle ontwikkelende ekonomiee, is dit veral die geval in Suid-Afrika weens die hoe vlakke van werkloosheid, amnoede en inkomste ongelykhede. Wesenlike mislukking om hierdie probleme aan te spreek kan lei tot sosiale onrus in 'n demokrasie wat in vele opsigte in sy kinderskoene staan. AsgiSA is geloods in 2006 en is 'n uitbreiding van die eerste twee ekonomiese strategiee wat gevolg is na 1994, naamlik die Heropbou-en Ontwikkelingsprogram en die Groei-, Indiensneming- en Herverdelingstrategie. Hierdie studie het ten doel 'n ondersoek na die agtergrond van AsgiSA, die geidentifiseerde beperkings en die uitdagings van die inisiatief. Die studie tref vergelykings met twee suksesvolle ontwikkelende ekonomiee, naamlik Chile en Maleisie. Hierdie lande is gekies weens sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke ooreenkomste met Suid-Afrika. Die studie ondersoek die beginsel van bindende beperkings soos verval in AsgiSA en fokus op die vlak en wisselvalligheid van die rand, die gebrek aan vaardighede en die regulatoriese omgewing. Daar word bevind dat daar geen sterk bewyse is dat die vlak van die rand 'n langtermyn beperking op ekonomiese groei het nie. Die wisselvalligheid van die rand dien egter as 'n beperking op ekonorniese groei soos veral verteenwoordig deur groei in uitvoere. Die tekort aan geskikte vaardighede in die arbeidsmark is 'n wesenlike beperking tot ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling. Die ontstaan van hierdie beperking is te wyte aan die ekonomiese en politieke ontwikkelingsgeskiedenis van Suid-Afrika. Hierdie ontwikkelingsgeskiedenis het nie gelei tot 'n gediversifiseerde en vaardige arbeidsmark wat die geleenthede van internasionale handel kan benut nie. Die gebrek aan vordering in die kwaliteit van opvoedkunde na 1994 en die huidige tendens van geskoolde immigrasie vererger die probleem. Tesame met die vaardigheidstekort dien die huidige regulatoriese raamwerk as 'n wesenlike beperking op ekonomiese groei. Die regulatoriese raamwerk dien as 'n las wat veral op klein en medium besighede ernstige beperkings plaas. 'n Vergelyking met die sukses van Chile en Maleisie toon dat regerings in ontwikkelende ekonomiee 'n belangrike rol speel in ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Markgerigte beleid gemik op regulatoriese hervorming, liberalisering en integrasie met die wereldekonomie lei tot hoer ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling. Daar is ook getoon dat die vermoe om ideologiese beleid wat nie suksesvol is nie aan te pas of te laat vaar noodsaaklik vir sukses is. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat AsgiSA 'n goeie vertrekpunt tot ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling is. Met die uitsondering van die vlak van die rand het die geidentifiseerde beperkings 'n wesenlike negatiewe invloed op die ekonomie. AsgiSA word egter nie opgevolg met voldoende praktiese en konkrete planne om die doelwitte te behaal nie. Om te verseker dat die AsgiSA doelwitte behaal word is dit nodig dat die regering met politieke en administratiewe bedrewenheid hervormings deurvoer wat die beperkings aanspreek. Dit is te betwyfel of die huidige regering oor die politieke wil en bevoegdheid beskik om die nodige maatreels aan te gaan wat AsgiSA se sukses sal verseker.
46
Andersson, Anton. "Inequality in the Distribution of Social Capital : Social background factors and access to social capital among labor market entrants". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the relation between ascribed factors and the distribution of social capital among young adults. Information about the type of ties used in access to social capital is utilized to provide an understanding of the social contexts and mechanisms that play a role in the creation of social capital. The study measures social capital with a position generator methodology and utilizes the first wave of the Swedish LIFINCON survey, which is a study of 19 year olds of Iranian, Yugoslavian and Swedish origin. The results show that having socioeconomically advantaged parents and living in a large city region is associated with higher levels of social capital. Gender differences are found in the accessed range of social capital as women more often reached positions with the lowest prestige value. Background in Iran or Yugoslavia has a positive effect on social capital and parents’ class position in the country of origin is important for their children’ social capital. It is argued that social closure and social distance can explain why social background is important in determining access to high prestige social capital and that the composition of an individual network is affected by the average resources in a “group” or region.
47
White, Helen. "Child-care, family background and social competence in four-year-old children /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsw5838.pdf.
Testo completo
48
Jaramillo, Jaime Marie. "THE CITY OF MILPITAS HISTORIC GATEWAY BACKGROUND REPORT AND DESIGN GUIDELINES". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1468.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this project report is to investigate and identify the needs of the historic area (focus area) in the City of Milpitas, to positively contribute to the City’s planning process, and to make recommendations for the focus area’s future development. In the first chapters, City and focus area research results are presented. Currently, there is a lack of exclusive regulatory standards for attractive development in the City’s historic core. The project report then discusses the results of a short empirical everyday user survey, a parcel-by-parcel land use survey, and a walkability analysis. Research results indicate that the focus area could benefit from historic identity preservation, additional public open space and recreation, and economic development. The project report then identifies three case studies and analyzes each under an urban design framework regarding walkability and gateway development. Here, the project report draws on a number of sources regarding positive place making and urban design to highlight the focus area’s opportunities and constraints. In conclusion, the project report argues that the City’s location in the Bay Area and proximity to Silicon Valley requires accommodation and competition for development while coordinating current focus area development to contribute to an overall well-designed site plan with a focus on walkability and an attractive gateway image. Recommendations are provided in the form of design guidelines.
49
Patten, Cyrus O. "Nonprofit Social Enterprise: Social Change in a New Economic Paradigm". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/686.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Changes are afoot in the nonprofit sector of the economy (James, 2003). Nonprofit leaders are adopting entrepreneurial business models to sustain or expand the scope of their mission work. This change is part of a counter-hegemonic shift toward a new economic paradigm in which blended business models create both social and financial value (Sabeti, 2009; Sahakian & Dunand, 2013). The current study explored how nonprofit leaders understand the shift toward a more enterprising and entrepreneurial nonprofit sector. Qualitative methods, along with a grounded theory framework were used to elicit leaders' perspectives on the emergence of social enterprise in nonprofits and the characteristics of successful nonprofit social enterprise. Findings include five themes of social enterprise understanding that offer structure for further research and professional discourse on the subject, including: 1) Social enterprise as a necessary and inevitable evolution of the nonprofit organization; 2) Social enterprise as a means of achieving a social mission; 3) Social enterprise as a true blending of business and social impact models; 4) Social enterprise as a business principle applied to a social mission context; and 5) Social enterprise as a market-driven approach to financial and social value creation. A secondary analysis points to the emergence of a social enterprise synergy effect in which the social and financial value generated by nonprofit social enterprises yield a third effect that is greater than the sum of the individual parts. The implications of these findings are limited to nonprofit social enterprises, but contribute to our understanding of this nascent field.
50
Akcomak, Ibrahim Semih. "The impact of social capital on economic and social outcomes". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2009. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=14912.
Testo completo